The human face harbors a rich tapestry of complex phenotypic information spanning genetic,environmental,and physiological dimensions.While facial images excel in diagnosing genetic diseases,their untapped potential fo...The human face harbors a rich tapestry of complex phenotypic information spanning genetic,environmental,and physiological dimensions.While facial images excel in diagnosing genetic diseases,their untapped potential for predicting metabolic health presents an intriguing prospect.Metabolic Syndrome(Met S),marked by a constellation of metabolic abnormalities,poses a significant risk for various chronic diseases.Utilizing Face-Wide Association Studies(Fa WAS)on a discovery cohort of 2,621 Chinese individuals and a replication cohort of 2,188 Chinese individuals,we investigated the associations between facial features and Met S and its related conditions.Our findings highlight half of our investigated facial features strongly correlated with Met S risk,such as a slender forehead,a broader and shorter jawline,and fuller features around the temples-eye-cheek region,with notable genetic correlations(0.55–0.58)and influences from environmental factors like age,urban residency,and educational level.The developed face-based prediction model demonstrated significant predictive robustness,achieving an AUC of up to 0.87 for Met S and 0.89 for obesity in external validations,surpassing traditional 2D imaging techniques.Our model also aids in identifying subtypes within healthy populations,with a 2.07 to 2.40-fold increased risk of developing different metabolic disorders within the next five years.This paves the way for precise risk stratification of individuals who are‘at risk'.Integrating 3D facial imaging for metabolic health predictions,our research introduces an innovative,non-invasive framework for health assessment and subtype identification,demonstrating high potential in personalized medicine and health monitoring.展开更多
AIM:To investigating the relationship between thoracic and cardiac 18F-Natrium-Fluoride(18F-Na F)uptake,as a marker of ongoing calcification and cardiovascular risk factors.METHODS:Seventy-eight patients(44 females,me...AIM:To investigating the relationship between thoracic and cardiac 18F-Natrium-Fluoride(18F-Na F)uptake,as a marker of ongoing calcification and cardiovascular risk factors.METHODS:Seventy-eight patients(44 females,mean age 63,range 44-83)underwent whole body 18F-Na F positron emission tomography/computed tomography.Cardiovascular risk(CVR)was used to divide these patients in three categories:Low(LR),medium(MR)and high risk(HR).18F-Na F uptake was measured by manually drawing volumes of interest on the ascendingaorta,on the aortic arch,on the descending aorta and on the myocardium;average standardized uptake value was normalized for blood-pool,to obtain target-tobackground ratio(TBR).Values from the three aortic segments were then averaged to obtain an index of the whole thoracic aorta.RESULTS:A significant difference in whole thoracic aorta TBR was detected between HR and LR(1.84±0.76 vs 1.07±0.3,P<0.001),but also between MR and HR-LR(1.4±0.4,P<0.02 and P<0.01,respectively).Significance of this TBR stratification strongly varied among thoracic aorta subsegments and the lowest P values were reached in the descending aorta(P<0.01).Myocardial uptake provided an effective CVR classes stratification(P<0.001).Correlation between TBR and CVR was appreciable when the whole thoracic aorta was considered(R=0.67),but it peaked when correlating the descending thoracic segment(R=0.75),in comparison with the aortic arch and the ascending segment(R=0.55 and 0.53,respectively).CONCLUSION:Fluoride uptake within the thoracic aorta wall effectively depicts patients'risk class and correlates with cardiovascular risk.Descending aorta is the most effective in CVR determination.展开更多
Phosphorus is an important chemical raw material of economy. There are several risk factors in the entire production process of yellow phosphorus. The health of the production staff was greatly endangered by the toxic...Phosphorus is an important chemical raw material of economy. There are several risk factors in the entire production process of yellow phosphorus. The health of the production staff was greatly endangered by the toxic and harmful substances. The generation of risk factors was analyzed during the yellow phosphorus production and its harm was discussed,and several toxic and harmful substances were tested for a number of phosphorus manufacturing enterprises. The environmental risks of P2O5 in phosphorus pollution sources were scientifically predicted on the first time.展开更多
Risk assessment and uncertainty approximation are two major and important parameters that need to be adopted for the development of pharmaceutical process to ensure reliable results.Additionally,there is a need to swi...Risk assessment and uncertainty approximation are two major and important parameters that need to be adopted for the development of pharmaceutical process to ensure reliable results.Additionally,there is a need to switch from the traditional method validation checklist to provide a high level of assurance of method reliability to measure quality attribute of a drug product.In the present work,evaluation of risk profile,combined standard uncertainty and expanded uncertainty in the analysis of acyclovir were studied.Uncertainty was calculated using cause-effect approach,and to make it more accurately applicable a method was validated in our laboratory as per the ICH guidelines.While assessing the results of validation,the calibration model was justified by the lack of fit and Levene＇s test.Risk profile represents the future applications of this method.In uncertainty the major contribution is due to sample concentration and mass.This work demonstrates the application of theoretical concepts of calibration model tests,relative bias,risk profile and uncertainty in routine methods used for analysis in pharmaceutical field.展开更多
Objective To review the senescent remodeling of the immune system with aging and its relevance to the increased susceptibility of the elderly to infectious diseases, along with an outlook on emerging immunological bio...Objective To review the senescent remodeling of the immune system with aging and its relevance to the increased susceptibility of the elderly to infectious diseases, along with an outlook on emerging immunological biomarkers. Data sources The data selected were from PubMed with relevant published articles in English or French from 1995 to the present. Searches were made using the terms immunosenescence and aging paired with the following： innate immunity, T-celr, B-cell, adaptive immunity and biomarkers. Articles were reviewed for additional citations and some information was gathered from web searches. Study selection Articles on aging of both the innate and adaptive immunity were reviewed, with special attention to the remodeling effect on the ability of the immune system to fight infectious diseases. Articles related to biomarkers of immunosenescence were selected with the goal of identifying immunological biomarkers predisposing the elderly to infections. Results Innate immunity is generally thought to be relatively well preserved or enhanced during aging compared with adaptive immunity which manifests more profound alterations. However, evidence, particularly in the last decade, reveals that both limbs of the immune system undergo profound remodeling with aging. Reported data on adaptive immunity is consistent and changes are well established but conflicting results about innate immunity were reported between in vivo and in vitro studies, as well as between murine and human studies. Epidemiological data suggests increased predisposition of the elderly to infections, but no compelling scientific evidence has directly linked senescent immune remodeling to this increased susceptibility. Recently, growing interest in identifying immunological biomarkers and defining immune risk phenotypes/profiles （IRP） has been expressed. Identification of biomarkers is in its early days and few potential biomarkers have been identified, with the Swedish having defined one IRP based on the adaptive immune response. Conclusions Aging does not necessarily lead to an unavoidable decline in immune functions. Instead, a complex remodeling occurs. Despite the lack of compelling scientific evidence, senescent immune remodeling surely is a significant contributing factor to the increased risk and severity of infections in the elderly. Although, no immunological biomarker has been formally linked to the increased risk of infections in the elderly, biomarkers remain a promising tool to predict the likelihood of healthy aging, the level of immune competence, and mortality risk in the elderly. Hence, more research is required to define healthy aging and identify immunological biomarkers.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFC3405800 to S.W.)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB38020400 to S.W.)+9 种基金CAS Youth Innovation Promotion Association(2020276 to Q.P.)CAS Young Team Program for Stable Support of Basic Research(YSBR-077 to S.W.)CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team to S.W.,Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2017SHZDZX01 to S.W.,L.J.,J.W.,J.T.,and Q.P.)Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Project(24JS2810300 to S.W.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32325013,92249302 to S.W.,32471216 to Q.P.,32271186 to J.T.)the National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFC0910403 to S.W.)Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(2015FY111700 to L.J.)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Excellent Academic Leaders Program(22XD1424700 to S.W.)111 Project(B13016 to L.J.)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science(2019-I2M-5-066 to J.W.and L.J.)。
文摘The human face harbors a rich tapestry of complex phenotypic information spanning genetic,environmental,and physiological dimensions.While facial images excel in diagnosing genetic diseases,their untapped potential for predicting metabolic health presents an intriguing prospect.Metabolic Syndrome(Met S),marked by a constellation of metabolic abnormalities,poses a significant risk for various chronic diseases.Utilizing Face-Wide Association Studies(Fa WAS)on a discovery cohort of 2,621 Chinese individuals and a replication cohort of 2,188 Chinese individuals,we investigated the associations between facial features and Met S and its related conditions.Our findings highlight half of our investigated facial features strongly correlated with Met S risk,such as a slender forehead,a broader and shorter jawline,and fuller features around the temples-eye-cheek region,with notable genetic correlations(0.55–0.58)and influences from environmental factors like age,urban residency,and educational level.The developed face-based prediction model demonstrated significant predictive robustness,achieving an AUC of up to 0.87 for Met S and 0.89 for obesity in external validations,surpassing traditional 2D imaging techniques.Our model also aids in identifying subtypes within healthy populations,with a 2.07 to 2.40-fold increased risk of developing different metabolic disorders within the next five years.This paves the way for precise risk stratification of individuals who are‘at risk'.Integrating 3D facial imaging for metabolic health predictions,our research introduces an innovative,non-invasive framework for health assessment and subtype identification,demonstrating high potential in personalized medicine and health monitoring.
文摘AIM:To investigating the relationship between thoracic and cardiac 18F-Natrium-Fluoride(18F-Na F)uptake,as a marker of ongoing calcification and cardiovascular risk factors.METHODS:Seventy-eight patients(44 females,mean age 63,range 44-83)underwent whole body 18F-Na F positron emission tomography/computed tomography.Cardiovascular risk(CVR)was used to divide these patients in three categories:Low(LR),medium(MR)and high risk(HR).18F-Na F uptake was measured by manually drawing volumes of interest on the ascendingaorta,on the aortic arch,on the descending aorta and on the myocardium;average standardized uptake value was normalized for blood-pool,to obtain target-tobackground ratio(TBR).Values from the three aortic segments were then averaged to obtain an index of the whole thoracic aorta.RESULTS:A significant difference in whole thoracic aorta TBR was detected between HR and LR(1.84±0.76 vs 1.07±0.3,P<0.001),but also between MR and HR-LR(1.4±0.4,P<0.02 and P<0.01,respectively).Significance of this TBR stratification strongly varied among thoracic aorta subsegments and the lowest P values were reached in the descending aorta(P<0.01).Myocardial uptake provided an effective CVR classes stratification(P<0.001).Correlation between TBR and CVR was appreciable when the whole thoracic aorta was considered(R=0.67),but it peaked when correlating the descending thoracic segment(R=0.75),in comparison with the aortic arch and the ascending segment(R=0.55 and 0.53,respectively).CONCLUSION:Fluoride uptake within the thoracic aorta wall effectively depicts patients'risk class and correlates with cardiovascular risk.Descending aorta is the most effective in CVR determination.
文摘Phosphorus is an important chemical raw material of economy. There are several risk factors in the entire production process of yellow phosphorus. The health of the production staff was greatly endangered by the toxic and harmful substances. The generation of risk factors was analyzed during the yellow phosphorus production and its harm was discussed,and several toxic and harmful substances were tested for a number of phosphorus manufacturing enterprises. The environmental risks of P2O5 in phosphorus pollution sources were scientifically predicted on the first time.
文摘Risk assessment and uncertainty approximation are two major and important parameters that need to be adopted for the development of pharmaceutical process to ensure reliable results.Additionally,there is a need to switch from the traditional method validation checklist to provide a high level of assurance of method reliability to measure quality attribute of a drug product.In the present work,evaluation of risk profile,combined standard uncertainty and expanded uncertainty in the analysis of acyclovir were studied.Uncertainty was calculated using cause-effect approach,and to make it more accurately applicable a method was validated in our laboratory as per the ICH guidelines.While assessing the results of validation,the calibration model was justified by the lack of fit and Levene＇s test.Risk profile represents the future applications of this method.In uncertainty the major contribution is due to sample concentration and mass.This work demonstrates the application of theoretical concepts of calibration model tests,relative bias,risk profile and uncertainty in routine methods used for analysis in pharmaceutical field.
文摘Objective To review the senescent remodeling of the immune system with aging and its relevance to the increased susceptibility of the elderly to infectious diseases, along with an outlook on emerging immunological biomarkers. Data sources The data selected were from PubMed with relevant published articles in English or French from 1995 to the present. Searches were made using the terms immunosenescence and aging paired with the following： innate immunity, T-celr, B-cell, adaptive immunity and biomarkers. Articles were reviewed for additional citations and some information was gathered from web searches. Study selection Articles on aging of both the innate and adaptive immunity were reviewed, with special attention to the remodeling effect on the ability of the immune system to fight infectious diseases. Articles related to biomarkers of immunosenescence were selected with the goal of identifying immunological biomarkers predisposing the elderly to infections. Results Innate immunity is generally thought to be relatively well preserved or enhanced during aging compared with adaptive immunity which manifests more profound alterations. However, evidence, particularly in the last decade, reveals that both limbs of the immune system undergo profound remodeling with aging. Reported data on adaptive immunity is consistent and changes are well established but conflicting results about innate immunity were reported between in vivo and in vitro studies, as well as between murine and human studies. Epidemiological data suggests increased predisposition of the elderly to infections, but no compelling scientific evidence has directly linked senescent immune remodeling to this increased susceptibility. Recently, growing interest in identifying immunological biomarkers and defining immune risk phenotypes/profiles （IRP） has been expressed. Identification of biomarkers is in its early days and few potential biomarkers have been identified, with the Swedish having defined one IRP based on the adaptive immune response. Conclusions Aging does not necessarily lead to an unavoidable decline in immune functions. Instead, a complex remodeling occurs. Despite the lack of compelling scientific evidence, senescent immune remodeling surely is a significant contributing factor to the increased risk and severity of infections in the elderly. Although, no immunological biomarker has been formally linked to the increased risk of infections in the elderly, biomarkers remain a promising tool to predict the likelihood of healthy aging, the level of immune competence, and mortality risk in the elderly. Hence, more research is required to define healthy aging and identify immunological biomarkers.
