The adaptive coupled synchronization method for non-autonomous systems is proposed. This method can avoid estimating the value of coupling coefficient. Under the uniform Lipschitz assumption, we derive the asymptotica...The adaptive coupled synchronization method for non-autonomous systems is proposed. This method can avoid estimating the value of coupling coefficient. Under the uniform Lipschitz assumption, we derive the asymptotical synchronization for a general coupling ring network with N identical non-autonomous systems~ even when N is large enough. Strict theoretical proofs are given. Numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the present method.展开更多
Spanning tree(τ)has an enormous application in computer science and chemistry to determine the geometric and dynamics analysis of compact polymers.In the field of medicines,it is helpful to recognize the epidemiology...Spanning tree(τ)has an enormous application in computer science and chemistry to determine the geometric and dynamics analysis of compact polymers.In the field of medicines,it is helpful to recognize the epidemiology of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection.On the other hand,Kemeny’s constant(Ω)is a beneficial quantifier characterizing the universal average activities of a Markov chain.This network invariant infers the expressions of the expected number of time-steps required to trace a randomly selected terminus state since a fixed beginning state si.Levene and Loizou determined that the Kemeny’s constant can also be obtained through eigenvalues.Motivated by Levene and Loizou,we deduced the Kemeny’s constant and the number of spanning trees of hexagonal ring network by their normalized Laplacian eigenvalues and the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial.Based on the achieved results,entirely results are obtained for the M鯾ius hexagonal ring network.展开更多
The synchronizability of multiplex undirected regular networks has been intensively studied based on the study of the synchronizability of single-layer networks. However, most real networks are characterized by some d...The synchronizability of multiplex undirected regular networks has been intensively studied based on the study of the synchronizability of single-layer networks. However, most real networks are characterized by some degree of directionality. So multiplex directed networks can better explain the synchronizability phenomenon. Here, based on the theory of master stability function (MSF), we study the eigenvalue spectrum and synchronizability of double-layer inter-layer directed ring networks (Networks-A) and double-layer intra-layer directed ring networks (Networks-B). The eigenvalue spectrum of the supra-Laplacian matrix of the networks is rigorously derived, and the influence of the networks structure parameters on the network’s synchronizability is analyzed. The correctness of the theory is further verified by numerical simulation analysis. Finally, the synchronizability of four kinds of double-layer ring networks with different coupling modes, namely, Networks-A, Networks-B, Networks-C (double-layer undirected ring networks), and Networks-D (double-layer undirected inter-layer random-added-edge ring networks), is compared and the results can provide guidance for constructing the optimal synchronization network.展开更多
The network-on-chip(NoC)technology is frequently referred to as a front-end solution to a back-end problem.The physical substructure that transfers data on the chip and ensures the quality of service begins to collaps...The network-on-chip(NoC)technology is frequently referred to as a front-end solution to a back-end problem.The physical substructure that transfers data on the chip and ensures the quality of service begins to collapse when the size of semiconductor transistor dimensions shrinks and growing numbers of intellectual property(IP)blocks working together are integrated into a chip.The system on chip(SoC)architecture of today is so complex that not utilizing the crossbar and traditional hierarchical bus architecture.NoC connectivity reduces the amount of hardware required for routing and functions,allowing SoCs with NoC interconnect fabrics to operate at higher frequencies.Ring(Octagons)is a direct NoC that is specifically used to solve the scalability problem by expanding each node in the shape of an octagon.This paper discusses the ring NoC design concept and its simulation in Xilinx ISE 14.7,as well as the communication of functional nodes.For the field-programmable gate array(FPGA)synthesis,the performance of NoC is evaluated in terms of hardware and timing parameters.The design allows 64 to 256 node communication in a single chip with‘N’bit data transfer in the ring NoC.The performance of the NoC is evaluated with variable nodes from 2 to 256 in Digilent manufactured Virtex-5 FPGA hardware.展开更多
Multilayer network is a frontier direction of network science research. In this paper, the cluster ring network is extended to a two-layer network model, and the inner structures of the cluster blocks are random, smal...Multilayer network is a frontier direction of network science research. In this paper, the cluster ring network is extended to a two-layer network model, and the inner structures of the cluster blocks are random, small world or scale-free. We study the influence of network scale, the interlayer linking weight and interlayer linking fraction on synchronizability. It is found that the synchronizability of the two-layer cluster ring network decreases with the increase of network size. There is an optimum value of the interlayer linking weight in the two-layer cluster ring network, which makes the synchronizability of the network reach the optimum. When the interlayer linking weight and the interlayer linking fraction are very small, the change of them will affect the synchronizability.展开更多
This paper,using pseudo-conservation laws in cyclic-service systems, derives some expressions for the weighted sum of the mean waiting time token ring networks with exhaustive limitedservice policies on condition that...This paper,using pseudo-conservation laws in cyclic-service systems, derives some expressions for the weighted sum of the mean waiting time token ring networks with exhaustive limitedservice policies on condition that messages arrived with batch Poisson, and discusses boundary conditions. At the same time, the results of the token ring network with exhaustive and non-exhaustiveservice strategy are obtained. Finally the exact expression of mean waiting time in symmetric ringnetwork with same service strategy is given.展开更多
WDM （wavelength division multiplexing） appears to be the solution of choice for providing a faster networking infrastructure that can meet the explosive growth of the Internet. It has the scalability problem with in...WDM （wavelength division multiplexing） appears to be the solution of choice for providing a faster networking infrastructure that can meet the explosive growth of the Internet. It has the scalability problem with increasing the access node numbers in WDM ring architecture, so we further propose the alternatives of hierarchical WDM ring architecture. Since the traditional IP provides the best effort service only, the issue of supporting IP packets with QoS （quality of Service） transfer has become a crucial issue for multimedia transmission. We do so by addressing the priority-aware QoS model. Finally present performance analysis multiple classes of hierarchical WDM ring networks.展开更多
BACKGROUND In recent years,the global prevalence of gastric cancer(GC)has witnessed a progressive decrease,accompanied by a step-growth in the incidence of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma(GSRCC).As precision medici...BACKGROUND In recent years,the global prevalence of gastric cancer(GC)has witnessed a progressive decrease,accompanied by a step-growth in the incidence of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma(GSRCC).As precision medicine concepts progress,GSRCC,a distinct sub-type of GC,has drawn considerable attention from researchers.However,there still persist some controversies regarding the associated research findings.AIM To summarize the current obstacles and potential future directions for research on GSRCC.METHODS To begin with,all literature related to GSRCC published from January 1,2004 to December 31,2023 was subjected to bibliometric analysis in this article.Additionally,this paper analyzed the research data using CiteSpace,GraphPad Prism v8.0.2,and VOSviewer,which was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database.The analysis results were visually represented.RESULTS This study provided a comprehensive overview of the statistical characteristics of the 995 English articles related to GSRCC,including cited references,authors,journals,countries,institutions,and keywords.The popular keywords and clusters contain"prognosis","survival","expression","histology",and"chemotherapy".CONCLUSION The prognosis,precise definition and classification,as well as chemoresistance of GSRCC,continue to be crucial areas of ongoing research,whose directions are closely tied to advancements in molecular biology research on GSRCC.展开更多
The dynamic behaviors of a large-scale ring neural network with a triangular coupling structure are investigated.The characteristic equation of the high-dimensional system using Coate’s flow graph method is calculate...The dynamic behaviors of a large-scale ring neural network with a triangular coupling structure are investigated.The characteristic equation of the high-dimensional system using Coate’s flow graph method is calculated.Time delay is selected as the bifurcation parameter,and sufficient conditions for stability and Hopf bifurcation are derived.It is found that the connection coefficient and time delay play a crucial role in the dynamic behaviors of the model.Furthermore,a phase diagram of multiple equilibrium points with one saddle point and two stable nodes is presented.Finally,the effectiveness of the theory is verified through simulation results.展开更多
BACKGROUND Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the urethra in women is an exceedingly rare malignancy.It was first reported in postmenopausal women in 1987,and only five patients have been reported to date.CASE SUMM...BACKGROUND Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the urethra in women is an exceedingly rare malignancy.It was first reported in postmenopausal women in 1987,and only five patients have been reported to date.CASE SUMMARY A 61-year-old woman presented with irregular vaginal bleeding,and subsequent evaluation identified a tumor located in the distal urethra.Upon diagnosis of primary urethral carcinoma,she underwent a distal urethrectomy.Histopathological analysis demonstrated that the tumor consisted of a combination of intestinal adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma.At the 12-month postoperative follow-up,there was no evidence of disease recurrence.CONCLUSION This case report highlights the exceptional rarity of female urethral signet ring cell carcinoma,emphasizing the importance of early clinical detection and the necessity for precise and conservative surgical intervention.展开更多
BACKGROUND Signet ring cell carcinoma originating from the appendix is extremely rare,and the lack of specific clinical symptoms and imaging features makes preoperative diagnosis particularly challenging.CASE SUMMARY ...BACKGROUND Signet ring cell carcinoma originating from the appendix is extremely rare,and the lack of specific clinical symptoms and imaging features makes preoperative diagnosis particularly challenging.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 49-year-old woman who presented with irregular vaginal bleeding lasting more than five months.Computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)revealed an enlarged appendix with a thickened wall and progressive enhancement after contrast administration.The uterine myometrium and cervix were markedly thickened,with heterogeneous density and signal intensity,along with progressive enhancement.The uterine serosal surface remained intact.Preoperative MRI suggested diffuse uterine adenomyosis;however,postoperative histopathology confirmed Signet ring cell carcinoma originating from the appendix with implantation involving the entire uterus.CONCLUSION Imaging showed appendiceal wall thickening and marked thickening of the uterine myometrium,with lesions demonstrating progressive enhancement after contrast administration.These findings should raise suspicion for the implantation of Signet ring cell carcinoma originating from the appendix and involving the uterus.Signet ring cell carcinoma originating from the appendix is relatively rare,and its imaging features are seldom reported,making preoperative diagnosis extremely challenging.This study retrospectively analyzes a case of Signet ring cell carcinoma originating from the appendix with implantation involving the entire uterus.The imaging characteristics of the appendix and the uterus were evaluated using CT and MRI to enhance awareness of this disease.展开更多
Supercapacitors,comprising electrical double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)and pseudocapa-citors,are widely acknowledged as high-power energy storage devices.However,their local structures and fundamental mechanisms remain p...Supercapacitors,comprising electrical double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)and pseudocapa-citors,are widely acknowledged as high-power energy storage devices.However,their local structures and fundamental mechanisms remain poorly understood,and suitable experimental techniques for investigation are also lacking.Recently,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)has emerged as a powerful tool for addressing these fundamental issues with high local sensitivity and non-invasiveness.In this paper,we first review the limi-tations of existing characterization methods and highlight the advantages of NMR in investigating mechanisms of supercapacitors.Subsequently,we introduce the basic prin-ciple of ring current effect,NMR-active nuclei,and various NMR techniques employed in exploring energy storage mechanisms including cross polarization(CP)magic angle spinning(MAS)NMR,multiple-quantum(MQ)MAS,two-dimensional exchange spec-troscopy(2D-EXSY)NMR,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and pulsed-field gradient(PFG)NMR.Based on this,recent progress in investigating energy storage mechanisms in EDLCs and pseudocapacitors through various NMR techniques is discussed.Finally,an outlook on future directions for NMR research in supercapacitors is offered.展开更多
The magnetic behavior of a two-electron quantum dot/ring system is analytically studied with electron-electron(e-e)interaction taking into account the Rashba spin-orbit interaction(SOI)and magnetic field.The Jacobi tr...The magnetic behavior of a two-electron quantum dot/ring system is analytically studied with electron-electron(e-e)interaction taking into account the Rashba spin-orbit interaction(SOI)and magnetic field.The Jacobi transformation has been employed to separate the Hamiltonian of the system to the center of mass and relative terms.The Schrödinger equation is analytically solved,and energy spectra are obtained.Then,the magnetization and susceptibility are calculated.The magnetization decreases by raising the magnetic field without and with SOI,and also without e-e interaction.Also,the SOI slightly modifies the magnetization of the system without e-e interaction.The susceptibility displays a peak structure as the magnetic field changes from low values to high values.The susceptibility by considering e-e interaction and without the SOI is always negative and its value decreases by rising the magnetic field.The susceptibility displays a transition from diamagnetic to paramagnetic with e-e interaction and SOI.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric signet ring cell carcinoma(GSRC)is a distinctive type of gastric cancer.It is a mucus-secreting adenocarcinoma that may progress to distant metastasis at an early stage.Because of poor differentiati...BACKGROUND Gastric signet ring cell carcinoma(GSRC)is a distinctive type of gastric cancer.It is a mucus-secreting adenocarcinoma that may progress to distant metastasis at an early stage.Because of poor differentiation,aggressive invasion,rapid progre-ssion,and other high-risk characteristics,early surgical intervention should be prioritized.AIM To explore the clinical efficacy of fluorouracil(5-FU)combined with paclitaxel and oxaliplatin for the treatment of advanced GSRC.METHODS A total of 85 patients with advanced GSRC were selected between January 2020 and June 2021 and randomly divided into a control group(n=42,receiving standard chemotherapy)and a treatment group(n=43,receiving monotherapy with oxaliplatin,5-FU,and paclitaxel).Patients in the treatment group received a 135 mg/m2 infusion of paclitaxel for 3 hours,a 400 mg/m2 infusion of calcium folate(or 200 mg/m2 of levocalcium folate)for 2 hours,and an 85 mg/m2 infusion of oxaliplatin for 2 hours.This was followed by a continuous intravenous infusion of 2200-2400 mg/m25-FU for 46 hours using a portable pump.RESULTS The treatment group showed a median survival time of 11.7 months and an objective response rate(ORR)of 32.5%,significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).Serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),and albumin levels were correlated with treatment effectiveness in advanced GSRC(P<0.01),but total serum protein was not correlated(P>0.05).Safety and survival were assessed in all patients.Short-term efficacy was evaluated in 66 patients,with a disease control rate of 89.4%and an ORR of 48.5%.Median progression-free survival was 7.0 months(95%confidence interval[CI]:6.85-7.15),and median overall survival was 10.6 months(95%CI:9.86-11.3).Primary grade III/IV adverse events included neutropenia(22.1%)and peripheral neurotoxicity(10.3%).CONCLUSION This treatment regimen is more effective for patients with advanced GSRC.Serum levels of CEA,CA19-9,and albumin predicted chemotherapy efficacy,while total protein concentration correlated minimally and insigni-ficantly.展开更多
BACKGROUND Thrombotic microangiopathy(TMA)is an acute syndrome characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia,thrombocytopenia,and multi-organ dysfunction due to the microcirculation of platelet thrombi.Cancer-ass...BACKGROUND Thrombotic microangiopathy(TMA)is an acute syndrome characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia,thrombocytopenia,and multi-organ dysfunction due to the microcirculation of platelet thrombi.Cancer-associated TMA is a rare and fatal complication,which often occurs during cancer remission.It is frequently misdiagnosed because of limited clinical awareness.CASE SUMMARY A middle-aged female patient presented to our clinic with a 15-days history of back pain,15 months post-gastrectomy.Cancer-associated TMA was confirmed through bone marrow aspiration,biopsy,and imaging.The patient received intermittent transfusions,fluids,nutrition,and microcirculation therapy with partial coagulation improvement.The family refused intensive care unit admission and plasma exchange,preferring palliative care.The patient died of cerebral hemorrhage and herniation due to disease progression.This case indicates that TMA may serve as an early manifestation of various malignancies,particularly gastric cancer.However,it is often misdiagnosed.Its pathogenesis is not well understood and needs to be further investigated.Currently,no standardized treatment have been developed.Plasma exchange is the only intervention available,though other therapies may also be effective.CONCLUSION In this case of gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma complicated by TMA,the patient achieved transient remission with supportive care but died following treatment discontinuation.Further studies are needed to elucidate the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for cancer-associated TMA.展开更多
Motivation.As artificial intelligence(AI)workloads escalate exponentially,ultra-thin,high-efficiency voltage regulator modules(VRMs)with exceptional power density become essential for backside-mounted configurations[1...Motivation.As artificial intelligence(AI)workloads escalate exponentially,ultra-thin,high-efficiency voltage regulator modules(VRMs)with exceptional power density become essential for backside-mounted configurations[1].Thus,highdensity multiphase DC−DC converters are pivotal for implementing vertical power delivery(VPD)architectures in XPU platforms.Strategically positioning these converters beneath processors and maximizing spatial utilization enables core rail currents exceeding 2 kA while significantly reducing the power distribution network(PDN)losses compared to conventional solutions.The VPD configuration elevates system-level energy efficiency with>100 W power saving per processor,yielding megawatt-scale savings in a datacenter that uses~100000 processors.The synergy of 48 V power conversion architectures and advanced packaging techniques enables the industry’s commitment to balancing computational demands with CO_(2)emission reduction and environmental sustainability.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric signet ring cell carcinoma(SRCC)is a rare,aggressive subtype of gastric cancer characterized by poor prognosis and distinctive biological behavior.Despite advances in gastric cancer treatment,SRCC r...BACKGROUND Gastric signet ring cell carcinoma(SRCC)is a rare,aggressive subtype of gastric cancer characterized by poor prognosis and distinctive biological behavior.Despite advances in gastric cancer treatment,SRCC remains difficult to diagnose early and manage effectively due to its infiltrative pattern and molecular variability.Reliable prognostic markers are critical to guide clinical management.AIM To investigate the prognostic factors,including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)expression,associated with survival outcomes in patients with gastric SRCC.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 100 cases diagnosed between 2015 and 2019 was conducted,assessing demographic,clinical,and pathological data.HER2 expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry,and survival outcomes,including overall survival and disease-free survival,were examined.RESULTS With a median follow-up of 43 months,the median patient age was 50 years,and males exhibited a higher mortality rate(P=0.0107).Elevated serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were significantly associated with increased mortality(P=0.00149 and P=0.00163,respectively).Advanced tumornode-metastasis stage and lymphovascular invasion were strong predictors of poor outcomes(P<0.001 and P=0.019).HER2 positivity correlated with higher mortality(P=0.00882)but was not significantly linked to recurrence(P=0.53).Surgical treatment significantly improved survival compared with non-surgical approaches(P=0.0226).CONCLUSION These findings highlight the aggressive nature of SRCC with advanced disease stage,elevated tumor markers,and lymphovascular invasion contributing to poor outcomes.HER2 expression,though infrequent,may indicate worse prognosis,reinforcing the role of surgical intervention in survival improvement.展开更多
The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometr...The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometric distortions, leading to a diminution in the predictive accuracy of the distorted similitude. To address this challenge, this study formulates a novel set of scaling laws, tailored to account for the intricate geometric distortions associated with elastic rings. The proposed scaling laws are formulated based on the intrinsic deformation characteristics of elastic rings, rather than the traditional systemic governing equations. Numerical and experimental cases are conducted to assess the efficacy and precision of the proposed scaling laws, and the obtained results are compared with those achieved by traditional methods. The outcomes demonstrate that the scaling laws put forth by this study significantly enhance the predictive capabilities for deformations of elastic rings.展开更多
Floating ring bearings are widely used in high-speed turbomachinery such as turbochargers and turbogenerators.Research-ers have recently explored various surface texturing strategies on the inner surface of floating r...Floating ring bearings are widely used in high-speed turbomachinery such as turbochargers and turbogenerators.Research-ers have recently explored various surface texturing strategies on the inner surface of floating rings to enhance bearing performance.In this study,the herring patterns are textured on the inner surface of the floating ring.This pattern is inspired by the secondary flight feathers of the Indian pigeon,which aid the bird in reducing viscous drag during flight.The result-ing Herringbone Textured Floating Ring Bearing(HTFRB)is investigated for its potential application in locomotive turbo-chargers.The HTFRB is numerically modeled using the Reynolds equation to evaluate the bearing's pressure distribution and static characteristics,including load-carrying capacity,power loss,and side leakage.Dynamic characteristics are determined by solving the zeroth-and first-order perturbed Reynolds equation.A Sobol sensitivity analysis is conducted to quantify the influence of groove parameters-helix angle,groove depth,groove width ratio,and number of grooves-on bearing performance metrics.An artificial intelligence-based optimization framework,integrating artificial neural networks and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems,is developed to maximize load carrying capacity while minimiz-ing power loss,side leakage,and friction coefficient.The optimized texture parameters obtained from this framework are employed to validate the ANN model and evaluate the static and dynamic characteristics of the HTFRB.The dynamic coefficients of the HTFRB are further employed to evaluate the stability and robustness of the turbocharger rotor-HTFRB system.This study underscores the potential of combining bio-inspired texture design with numerical modeling and AI-based optimization to develop high-performance HTFRB.展开更多
The fluorination strategy has been proven effective in significantly enhancing the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells(OSCs) based on non-fused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs).However,research on the impac...The fluorination strategy has been proven effective in significantly enhancing the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells(OSCs) based on non-fused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs).However,research on the impact of fluorination positions at side chains on NFREAs device performance remains scant.In this study,we introduce two isomeric NFREAs,designated as GA-2F-E and GA-2F,distinguished by their fluorination positions at the side chains.Both NFREAs share a thiophene[3,2-b]thiophene core,but their side chains differ:GA-2F-E features two(4-butylphenyl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl) amino groups,whereas GA-2F's side chains consist of bis(4-fluorophenyl)amino and bis(4-butylphenyl)amino groups attached to opposite sides of the core.To delve into the influence of fluorination positions on the optoelectronic properties,aggregation behavior,and overall efficiency of the acceptor molecules,a comprehensive investigation was conducted.The findings reveal that,despite similar photophysical properties and comparable absorption bandwidths,GA-2F-E,with fluorine atoms positioned on both sides of the molecular framework,demonstrates more compact π-π stacking,reduced bimolecular recombination,superior exciton transport,and a more balanced,higher mobility.As a result of these advantages,OSCs optimized with D18:GA-2F-E achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 16.45 %,surpassing the 15.83 %PCE of devices utilizing D18:GA-2F.This research underscores the potential of NFREAs in future applications and highlights the significance of fluorination positions in enhancing OSC performance,paving the way for the development of more efficient NFREAs.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No10372054)the Science Foundation of Jiangnan University,China(Grant No000408)
文摘The adaptive coupled synchronization method for non-autonomous systems is proposed. This method can avoid estimating the value of coupling coefficient. Under the uniform Lipschitz assumption, we derive the asymptotical synchronization for a general coupling ring network with N identical non-autonomous systems~ even when N is large enough. Strict theoretical proofs are given. Numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the present method.
文摘Spanning tree(τ)has an enormous application in computer science and chemistry to determine the geometric and dynamics analysis of compact polymers.In the field of medicines,it is helpful to recognize the epidemiology of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection.On the other hand,Kemeny’s constant(Ω)is a beneficial quantifier characterizing the universal average activities of a Markov chain.This network invariant infers the expressions of the expected number of time-steps required to trace a randomly selected terminus state since a fixed beginning state si.Levene and Loizou determined that the Kemeny’s constant can also be obtained through eigenvalues.Motivated by Levene and Loizou,we deduced the Kemeny’s constant and the number of spanning trees of hexagonal ring network by their normalized Laplacian eigenvalues and the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial.Based on the achieved results,entirely results are obtained for the M鯾ius hexagonal ring network.
文摘The synchronizability of multiplex undirected regular networks has been intensively studied based on the study of the synchronizability of single-layer networks. However, most real networks are characterized by some degree of directionality. So multiplex directed networks can better explain the synchronizability phenomenon. Here, based on the theory of master stability function (MSF), we study the eigenvalue spectrum and synchronizability of double-layer inter-layer directed ring networks (Networks-A) and double-layer intra-layer directed ring networks (Networks-B). The eigenvalue spectrum of the supra-Laplacian matrix of the networks is rigorously derived, and the influence of the networks structure parameters on the network’s synchronizability is analyzed. The correctness of the theory is further verified by numerical simulation analysis. Finally, the synchronizability of four kinds of double-layer ring networks with different coupling modes, namely, Networks-A, Networks-B, Networks-C (double-layer undirected ring networks), and Networks-D (double-layer undirected inter-layer random-added-edge ring networks), is compared and the results can provide guidance for constructing the optimal synchronization network.
基金This work was supported by the Taif University Researchers Supporting Project,Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia,under Grant TURSP-2020/26.
文摘The network-on-chip(NoC)technology is frequently referred to as a front-end solution to a back-end problem.The physical substructure that transfers data on the chip and ensures the quality of service begins to collapse when the size of semiconductor transistor dimensions shrinks and growing numbers of intellectual property(IP)blocks working together are integrated into a chip.The system on chip(SoC)architecture of today is so complex that not utilizing the crossbar and traditional hierarchical bus architecture.NoC connectivity reduces the amount of hardware required for routing and functions,allowing SoCs with NoC interconnect fabrics to operate at higher frequencies.Ring(Octagons)is a direct NoC that is specifically used to solve the scalability problem by expanding each node in the shape of an octagon.This paper discusses the ring NoC design concept and its simulation in Xilinx ISE 14.7,as well as the communication of functional nodes.For the field-programmable gate array(FPGA)synthesis,the performance of NoC is evaluated in terms of hardware and timing parameters.The design allows 64 to 256 node communication in a single chip with‘N’bit data transfer in the ring NoC.The performance of the NoC is evaluated with variable nodes from 2 to 256 in Digilent manufactured Virtex-5 FPGA hardware.
文摘Multilayer network is a frontier direction of network science research. In this paper, the cluster ring network is extended to a two-layer network model, and the inner structures of the cluster blocks are random, small world or scale-free. We study the influence of network scale, the interlayer linking weight and interlayer linking fraction on synchronizability. It is found that the synchronizability of the two-layer cluster ring network decreases with the increase of network size. There is an optimum value of the interlayer linking weight in the two-layer cluster ring network, which makes the synchronizability of the network reach the optimum. When the interlayer linking weight and the interlayer linking fraction are very small, the change of them will affect the synchronizability.
文摘This paper,using pseudo-conservation laws in cyclic-service systems, derives some expressions for the weighted sum of the mean waiting time token ring networks with exhaustive limitedservice policies on condition that messages arrived with batch Poisson, and discusses boundary conditions. At the same time, the results of the token ring network with exhaustive and non-exhaustiveservice strategy are obtained. Finally the exact expression of mean waiting time in symmetric ringnetwork with same service strategy is given.
文摘WDM （wavelength division multiplexing） appears to be the solution of choice for providing a faster networking infrastructure that can meet the explosive growth of the Internet. It has the scalability problem with increasing the access node numbers in WDM ring architecture, so we further propose the alternatives of hierarchical WDM ring architecture. Since the traditional IP provides the best effort service only, the issue of supporting IP packets with QoS （quality of Service） transfer has become a crucial issue for multimedia transmission. We do so by addressing the priority-aware QoS model. Finally present performance analysis multiple classes of hierarchical WDM ring networks.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82073192,and No.82273231Beijing Science and Technology Program,No.Z221100007422125.
文摘BACKGROUND In recent years,the global prevalence of gastric cancer(GC)has witnessed a progressive decrease,accompanied by a step-growth in the incidence of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma(GSRCC).As precision medicine concepts progress,GSRCC,a distinct sub-type of GC,has drawn considerable attention from researchers.However,there still persist some controversies regarding the associated research findings.AIM To summarize the current obstacles and potential future directions for research on GSRCC.METHODS To begin with,all literature related to GSRCC published from January 1,2004 to December 31,2023 was subjected to bibliometric analysis in this article.Additionally,this paper analyzed the research data using CiteSpace,GraphPad Prism v8.0.2,and VOSviewer,which was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database.The analysis results were visually represented.RESULTS This study provided a comprehensive overview of the statistical characteristics of the 995 English articles related to GSRCC,including cited references,authors,journals,countries,institutions,and keywords.The popular keywords and clusters contain"prognosis","survival","expression","histology",and"chemotherapy".CONCLUSION The prognosis,precise definition and classification,as well as chemoresistance of GSRCC,continue to be crucial areas of ongoing research,whose directions are closely tied to advancements in molecular biology research on GSRCC.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(Grant Nos.ZR2020MF080 and ZR2020MF065).
文摘The dynamic behaviors of a large-scale ring neural network with a triangular coupling structure are investigated.The characteristic equation of the high-dimensional system using Coate’s flow graph method is calculated.Time delay is selected as the bifurcation parameter,and sufficient conditions for stability and Hopf bifurcation are derived.It is found that the connection coefficient and time delay play a crucial role in the dynamic behaviors of the model.Furthermore,a phase diagram of multiple equilibrium points with one saddle point and two stable nodes is presented.Finally,the effectiveness of the theory is verified through simulation results.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Bureau Foundation of Jinhua,No.2021-4-300 and No.2020-3-062The Zhejiang Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan,No.2025KY1752。
文摘BACKGROUND Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the urethra in women is an exceedingly rare malignancy.It was first reported in postmenopausal women in 1987,and only five patients have been reported to date.CASE SUMMARY A 61-year-old woman presented with irregular vaginal bleeding,and subsequent evaluation identified a tumor located in the distal urethra.Upon diagnosis of primary urethral carcinoma,she underwent a distal urethrectomy.Histopathological analysis demonstrated that the tumor consisted of a combination of intestinal adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma.At the 12-month postoperative follow-up,there was no evidence of disease recurrence.CONCLUSION This case report highlights the exceptional rarity of female urethral signet ring cell carcinoma,emphasizing the importance of early clinical detection and the necessity for precise and conservative surgical intervention.
文摘BACKGROUND Signet ring cell carcinoma originating from the appendix is extremely rare,and the lack of specific clinical symptoms and imaging features makes preoperative diagnosis particularly challenging.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 49-year-old woman who presented with irregular vaginal bleeding lasting more than five months.Computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)revealed an enlarged appendix with a thickened wall and progressive enhancement after contrast administration.The uterine myometrium and cervix were markedly thickened,with heterogeneous density and signal intensity,along with progressive enhancement.The uterine serosal surface remained intact.Preoperative MRI suggested diffuse uterine adenomyosis;however,postoperative histopathology confirmed Signet ring cell carcinoma originating from the appendix with implantation involving the entire uterus.CONCLUSION Imaging showed appendiceal wall thickening and marked thickening of the uterine myometrium,with lesions demonstrating progressive enhancement after contrast administration.These findings should raise suspicion for the implantation of Signet ring cell carcinoma originating from the appendix and involving the uterus.Signet ring cell carcinoma originating from the appendix is relatively rare,and its imaging features are seldom reported,making preoperative diagnosis extremely challenging.This study retrospectively analyzes a case of Signet ring cell carcinoma originating from the appendix with implantation involving the entire uterus.The imaging characteristics of the appendix and the uterus were evaluated using CT and MRI to enhance awareness of this disease.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22075064)National Key Laboratory Projects(No.SYSKT20230056).
文摘Supercapacitors,comprising electrical double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)and pseudocapa-citors,are widely acknowledged as high-power energy storage devices.However,their local structures and fundamental mechanisms remain poorly understood,and suitable experimental techniques for investigation are also lacking.Recently,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)has emerged as a powerful tool for addressing these fundamental issues with high local sensitivity and non-invasiveness.In this paper,we first review the limi-tations of existing characterization methods and highlight the advantages of NMR in investigating mechanisms of supercapacitors.Subsequently,we introduce the basic prin-ciple of ring current effect,NMR-active nuclei,and various NMR techniques employed in exploring energy storage mechanisms including cross polarization(CP)magic angle spinning(MAS)NMR,multiple-quantum(MQ)MAS,two-dimensional exchange spec-troscopy(2D-EXSY)NMR,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and pulsed-field gradient(PFG)NMR.Based on this,recent progress in investigating energy storage mechanisms in EDLCs and pseudocapacitors through various NMR techniques is discussed.Finally,an outlook on future directions for NMR research in supercapacitors is offered.
文摘The magnetic behavior of a two-electron quantum dot/ring system is analytically studied with electron-electron(e-e)interaction taking into account the Rashba spin-orbit interaction(SOI)and magnetic field.The Jacobi transformation has been employed to separate the Hamiltonian of the system to the center of mass and relative terms.The Schrödinger equation is analytically solved,and energy spectra are obtained.Then,the magnetization and susceptibility are calculated.The magnetization decreases by raising the magnetic field without and with SOI,and also without e-e interaction.Also,the SOI slightly modifies the magnetization of the system without e-e interaction.The susceptibility displays a peak structure as the magnetic field changes from low values to high values.The susceptibility by considering e-e interaction and without the SOI is always negative and its value decreases by rising the magnetic field.The susceptibility displays a transition from diamagnetic to paramagnetic with e-e interaction and SOI.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric signet ring cell carcinoma(GSRC)is a distinctive type of gastric cancer.It is a mucus-secreting adenocarcinoma that may progress to distant metastasis at an early stage.Because of poor differentiation,aggressive invasion,rapid progre-ssion,and other high-risk characteristics,early surgical intervention should be prioritized.AIM To explore the clinical efficacy of fluorouracil(5-FU)combined with paclitaxel and oxaliplatin for the treatment of advanced GSRC.METHODS A total of 85 patients with advanced GSRC were selected between January 2020 and June 2021 and randomly divided into a control group(n=42,receiving standard chemotherapy)and a treatment group(n=43,receiving monotherapy with oxaliplatin,5-FU,and paclitaxel).Patients in the treatment group received a 135 mg/m2 infusion of paclitaxel for 3 hours,a 400 mg/m2 infusion of calcium folate(or 200 mg/m2 of levocalcium folate)for 2 hours,and an 85 mg/m2 infusion of oxaliplatin for 2 hours.This was followed by a continuous intravenous infusion of 2200-2400 mg/m25-FU for 46 hours using a portable pump.RESULTS The treatment group showed a median survival time of 11.7 months and an objective response rate(ORR)of 32.5%,significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).Serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9),and albumin levels were correlated with treatment effectiveness in advanced GSRC(P<0.01),but total serum protein was not correlated(P>0.05).Safety and survival were assessed in all patients.Short-term efficacy was evaluated in 66 patients,with a disease control rate of 89.4%and an ORR of 48.5%.Median progression-free survival was 7.0 months(95%confidence interval[CI]:6.85-7.15),and median overall survival was 10.6 months(95%CI:9.86-11.3).Primary grade III/IV adverse events included neutropenia(22.1%)and peripheral neurotoxicity(10.3%).CONCLUSION This treatment regimen is more effective for patients with advanced GSRC.Serum levels of CEA,CA19-9,and albumin predicted chemotherapy efficacy,while total protein concentration correlated minimally and insigni-ficantly.
基金Supported by the Research Project for Clinical Research on Precision Diagnosis and Innovative Treatment of Bone Marrow Failure,No.2024YFC2510500Jiangsu Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Development Plan,No.YB2020102Nantong Municipal Health Commission Research Project,No.QN2023007.
文摘BACKGROUND Thrombotic microangiopathy(TMA)is an acute syndrome characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia,thrombocytopenia,and multi-organ dysfunction due to the microcirculation of platelet thrombi.Cancer-associated TMA is a rare and fatal complication,which often occurs during cancer remission.It is frequently misdiagnosed because of limited clinical awareness.CASE SUMMARY A middle-aged female patient presented to our clinic with a 15-days history of back pain,15 months post-gastrectomy.Cancer-associated TMA was confirmed through bone marrow aspiration,biopsy,and imaging.The patient received intermittent transfusions,fluids,nutrition,and microcirculation therapy with partial coagulation improvement.The family refused intensive care unit admission and plasma exchange,preferring palliative care.The patient died of cerebral hemorrhage and herniation due to disease progression.This case indicates that TMA may serve as an early manifestation of various malignancies,particularly gastric cancer.However,it is often misdiagnosed.Its pathogenesis is not well understood and needs to be further investigated.Currently,no standardized treatment have been developed.Plasma exchange is the only intervention available,though other therapies may also be effective.CONCLUSION In this case of gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma complicated by TMA,the patient achieved transient remission with supportive care but died following treatment discontinuation.Further studies are needed to elucidate the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for cancer-associated TMA.
文摘Motivation.As artificial intelligence(AI)workloads escalate exponentially,ultra-thin,high-efficiency voltage regulator modules(VRMs)with exceptional power density become essential for backside-mounted configurations[1].Thus,highdensity multiphase DC−DC converters are pivotal for implementing vertical power delivery(VPD)architectures in XPU platforms.Strategically positioning these converters beneath processors and maximizing spatial utilization enables core rail currents exceeding 2 kA while significantly reducing the power distribution network(PDN)losses compared to conventional solutions.The VPD configuration elevates system-level energy efficiency with>100 W power saving per processor,yielding megawatt-scale savings in a datacenter that uses~100000 processors.The synergy of 48 V power conversion architectures and advanced packaging techniques enables the industry’s commitment to balancing computational demands with CO_(2)emission reduction and environmental sustainability.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric signet ring cell carcinoma(SRCC)is a rare,aggressive subtype of gastric cancer characterized by poor prognosis and distinctive biological behavior.Despite advances in gastric cancer treatment,SRCC remains difficult to diagnose early and manage effectively due to its infiltrative pattern and molecular variability.Reliable prognostic markers are critical to guide clinical management.AIM To investigate the prognostic factors,including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)expression,associated with survival outcomes in patients with gastric SRCC.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 100 cases diagnosed between 2015 and 2019 was conducted,assessing demographic,clinical,and pathological data.HER2 expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry,and survival outcomes,including overall survival and disease-free survival,were examined.RESULTS With a median follow-up of 43 months,the median patient age was 50 years,and males exhibited a higher mortality rate(P=0.0107).Elevated serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were significantly associated with increased mortality(P=0.00149 and P=0.00163,respectively).Advanced tumornode-metastasis stage and lymphovascular invasion were strong predictors of poor outcomes(P<0.001 and P=0.019).HER2 positivity correlated with higher mortality(P=0.00882)but was not significantly linked to recurrence(P=0.53).Surgical treatment significantly improved survival compared with non-surgical approaches(P=0.0226).CONCLUSION These findings highlight the aggressive nature of SRCC with advanced disease stage,elevated tumor markers,and lymphovascular invasion contributing to poor outcomes.HER2 expression,though infrequent,may indicate worse prognosis,reinforcing the role of surgical intervention in survival improvement.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52405095,12272089,and 92360305)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of China(No.2023A1515110557)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China(No.2023-BSBA-102)the Open Fund of National Key Laboratory of Particle Transport and Separation Technology of China(No.WZKF-2024-6)the Open Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automobile Components and Vehicle Technology of China(Nos.2024GKLACVTKF07 and 2024GKLACVTKF06)the Basic Research Projects of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education of China(No.JYTQN2023162)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.N2403022)。
文摘The testing of large structures is limited by high costs and long cycles, making scaling methods an attractive solution. However, the scaling process of elastic rings introduces complexities in multi-parameter geometric distortions, leading to a diminution in the predictive accuracy of the distorted similitude. To address this challenge, this study formulates a novel set of scaling laws, tailored to account for the intricate geometric distortions associated with elastic rings. The proposed scaling laws are formulated based on the intrinsic deformation characteristics of elastic rings, rather than the traditional systemic governing equations. Numerical and experimental cases are conducted to assess the efficacy and precision of the proposed scaling laws, and the obtained results are compared with those achieved by traditional methods. The outcomes demonstrate that the scaling laws put forth by this study significantly enhance the predictive capabilities for deformations of elastic rings.
文摘Floating ring bearings are widely used in high-speed turbomachinery such as turbochargers and turbogenerators.Research-ers have recently explored various surface texturing strategies on the inner surface of floating rings to enhance bearing performance.In this study,the herring patterns are textured on the inner surface of the floating ring.This pattern is inspired by the secondary flight feathers of the Indian pigeon,which aid the bird in reducing viscous drag during flight.The result-ing Herringbone Textured Floating Ring Bearing(HTFRB)is investigated for its potential application in locomotive turbo-chargers.The HTFRB is numerically modeled using the Reynolds equation to evaluate the bearing's pressure distribution and static characteristics,including load-carrying capacity,power loss,and side leakage.Dynamic characteristics are determined by solving the zeroth-and first-order perturbed Reynolds equation.A Sobol sensitivity analysis is conducted to quantify the influence of groove parameters-helix angle,groove depth,groove width ratio,and number of grooves-on bearing performance metrics.An artificial intelligence-based optimization framework,integrating artificial neural networks and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems,is developed to maximize load carrying capacity while minimiz-ing power loss,side leakage,and friction coefficient.The optimized texture parameters obtained from this framework are employed to validate the ANN model and evaluate the static and dynamic characteristics of the HTFRB.The dynamic coefficients of the HTFRB are further employed to evaluate the stability and robustness of the turbocharger rotor-HTFRB system.This study underscores the potential of combining bio-inspired texture design with numerical modeling and AI-based optimization to develop high-performance HTFRB.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22375024,21975031,51933001,and 21734009)。
文摘The fluorination strategy has been proven effective in significantly enhancing the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells(OSCs) based on non-fused ring electron acceptors(NFREAs).However,research on the impact of fluorination positions at side chains on NFREAs device performance remains scant.In this study,we introduce two isomeric NFREAs,designated as GA-2F-E and GA-2F,distinguished by their fluorination positions at the side chains.Both NFREAs share a thiophene[3,2-b]thiophene core,but their side chains differ:GA-2F-E features two(4-butylphenyl)-N-(4-fluorophenyl) amino groups,whereas GA-2F's side chains consist of bis(4-fluorophenyl)amino and bis(4-butylphenyl)amino groups attached to opposite sides of the core.To delve into the influence of fluorination positions on the optoelectronic properties,aggregation behavior,and overall efficiency of the acceptor molecules,a comprehensive investigation was conducted.The findings reveal that,despite similar photophysical properties and comparable absorption bandwidths,GA-2F-E,with fluorine atoms positioned on both sides of the molecular framework,demonstrates more compact π-π stacking,reduced bimolecular recombination,superior exciton transport,and a more balanced,higher mobility.As a result of these advantages,OSCs optimized with D18:GA-2F-E achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 16.45 %,surpassing the 15.83 %PCE of devices utilizing D18:GA-2F.This research underscores the potential of NFREAs in future applications and highlights the significance of fluorination positions in enhancing OSC performance,paving the way for the development of more efficient NFREAs.
