Editor-in Chief:Sung Keun Lee Managing Editor:Heejung Kim Associated Editors:Hema Achyuthan,Laia Alegret,Kristine Asch,Margaret Brocx,Elizabeth Catlos,Chee-Ming Chan,Giuseppe Di Capua,Sabina Dolenec,Andrea Festa,Stanl...Editor-in Chief:Sung Keun Lee Managing Editor:Heejung Kim Associated Editors:Hema Achyuthan,Laia Alegret,Kristine Asch,Margaret Brocx,Elizabeth Catlos,Chee-Ming Chan,Giuseppe Di Capua,Sabina Dolenec,Andrea Festa,Stanley Finney,Kathleen Histon,Gurmeet Kaur,Osamu Kazaoka,Heejung Kim,Jin-Yong Lee,Brian Marker,Victor Mocanu,Nellia Mutemeri,Maria Dolores Pereira,Maria Rose Petrizzo,Mihail Popescu,Brian Pratt,Elizabeth Rovere,Reimar Seltmann,Afroz Ahmad Shahd,Clara Vasconcelos,Wenjiao Xaio In the ever-evolving landscape of academic publishing,the peer review process remains the cornerstone of integrity,rigor,and scholarly excellence.At the heart of this process are our peer reviewers—dedicated experts who generously volunteer their time and expertise to ensure that every episode we publish meets the highest academic standards.展开更多
On January 17,a list of the“Top 10 News Stories on 2024 Lancang-Mekong Cooperation”was jointly unveiled by the Center for Asia-Pacific under China International Communications Group(CICG Asia-Pacific)and the Yunnan ...On January 17,a list of the“Top 10 News Stories on 2024 Lancang-Mekong Cooperation”was jointly unveiled by the Center for Asia-Pacific under China International Communications Group(CICG Asia-Pacific)and the Yunnan International Communication Center for South and Southeast Asia in Bangkok,Thailand,after a rigorous selection process.展开更多
Introduction Since the 21st century,the biomedical field has gained increasing attention.The biomedical field mainly encompasses biology,materials science,pharmacology,and drug delivery,etc.These areas hold significan...Introduction Since the 21st century,the biomedical field has gained increasing attention.The biomedical field mainly encompasses biology,materials science,pharmacology,and drug delivery,etc.These areas hold significant importance for human society in terms of health protection,disease diagnosis and treatment,via medical technology innovation and drug development.Consequently,scientists place great emphasis on research in this domain.It must be noted that the research process in biomedicine mainly includes topic selection,experimentation,analysis,and summary.Among these,topic selection is a critical step that affects the entire process.This topic selection not only clarifies the direction and objectives of the study but also provides a clear framework for subsequent research,thereby ensuring scientific rigor and effectiveness while laying a solid foundation for the result analysis.Thus,how to approach topic selection is a crucial issue that requires careful consideration.展开更多
Against the backdrop of a new era that commands the attention of scholars worldwide,and on a scientific research journey filled with both hope and challenges,Animal Models and Experimental Medicine(AMEM),as a beacon g...Against the backdrop of a new era that commands the attention of scholars worldwide,and on a scientific research journey filled with both hope and challenges,Animal Models and Experimental Medicine(AMEM),as a beacon guiding innovation and rigorous research in the field of animal models and experimental medicine,has once again shone brightly in 2024.With an impact factor of 3.8,a JCI and JCR Q2 ranking,and a CiteScore of 6.3,the journal has demonstrated a continuous rise in its influence and academic status.展开更多
Published:25 September 2025 In the article“MiR-16-5p plays an inhibitory role in human non-small cell lung cancer through Fermitin family member 2”(BIOCELL,2021,Vol.45,No.3,pp.627-638.doi:10.32604/biocell.2021.01349...Published:25 September 2025 In the article“MiR-16-5p plays an inhibitory role in human non-small cell lung cancer through Fermitin family member 2”(BIOCELL,2021,Vol.45,No.3,pp.627-638.doi:10.32604/biocell.2021.013496),there is an error in the Fig.3.In order to ensure the scientific and rigorous nature of our academic publications,we made a correction about Fig.3 correspondingly.展开更多
As a fundamental theory of structural transformations,the Zener ordering of interstitials in a body-centered cubic host lattice,which was established more than half a century ago,has been challenged by recent firstpri...As a fundamental theory of structural transformations,the Zener ordering of interstitials in a body-centered cubic host lattice,which was established more than half a century ago,has been challenged by recent firstprinciples investigations.In this Letter,we rigorously prove the existence of Zener ordering via Monte Carlo simulations with complete interstitial interactions and demonstrate the critical role of long-range indirect straininduced interactions in stabilizing Zener ordering.These insights improve our understanding of the self-induced collective ordering of point defects in a host lattice and elucidate the fundamental physics of order-disorder phase transitions in alloys.展开更多
We present quasi-exact ab initio path integral Monte Carlo(PIMC)results for the partial static density responses and local field factors of hydrogen in the warm dense matter regime,from solid density conditions to the...We present quasi-exact ab initio path integral Monte Carlo(PIMC)results for the partial static density responses and local field factors of hydrogen in the warm dense matter regime,from solid density conditions to the strongly compressed case.The full dynamic treatment of electrons and protons on the same footing allows us to rigorously quantify both electronic and ionic exchange–correlation effects in the system,and to compare the results with those of earlier incomplete models such as the archetypal uniform electron gas or electrons in a fixed ion snapshot potential that do not take into account the interplay between the two constituents.The full electronic density response is highly sensitive to electronic localization around the ions,and our results constitute unambiguous predictions for upcoming X-ray Thomson scattering experiments with hydrogen jets and fusion plasmas.All PIMC results are made freely available and can be used directly for a gamut of applications,including inertial confinement fusion calculations and the modeling of dense astrophysical objects.Moreover,they constitute invaluable benchmark data for approximate but computationally less demanding approaches such as density functional theory or PIMC within the fixed-node approximation.展开更多
Within the framework of quantum statistical mechanics,we have proposed an exact analytical solution to the problemof Bose-Einstein condensation(BEC)of harmonically trapped two-dimensional(2D)ideal photons.We utilize t...Within the framework of quantum statistical mechanics,we have proposed an exact analytical solution to the problemof Bose-Einstein condensation(BEC)of harmonically trapped two-dimensional(2D)ideal photons.We utilize this analyticalsolution to investigate the statistical properties of ideal photons in a 2D dye-filled spherical cap cavity.The resultsof numerical calculation of the analytical solution agree completely with the foregoing experimental results in the BEC ofharmonically trapped 2D ideal photons.The analytical expressions of the critical temperature and the condensate fractionare derived in the thermodynamic limit.It is found that the 2D critical photon number is larger than the one-dimensional(1D)critical photon number by two orders of magnitude.The spectral radiance of a 2D spherical cap cavity has a sharppeak at the frequency of the cavity cutoff when the photon number exceeds the critical value determined by a temperature.展开更多
This paper offers a study of J.L.Lagrange's research on history of mathematics,aiming to clarify Lagrange's intention in carrying out historical work.To this end,I first document how Lagrange worked with and e...This paper offers a study of J.L.Lagrange's research on history of mathematics,aiming to clarify Lagrange's intention in carrying out historical work.To this end,I first document how Lagrange worked with and exerted his influence on other scholars in the translation and diffusion of ancient Greek texts.Second,investigating Lagrange's style in doing and writing history of mathematics,this paper takes a new perspective and elucidates his motivation in these activities.In particular,it focuses on Lagrange's presentation of the history of calculus while he was teaching analysis at the Ecole Polytechnique(1795-1799)so as to clarify the function of history in Lagrange's mathematical works.My thesis is that Lagrange's intention in examining the different methods employed by his predecessors was to find inspiration and useful contents in his search for the proper approach to mathematical problems.I thus argue in this paper that history served as a guide or methodology for Lagrange's mathematics.Meanwhile,through an analysis of his historical writing,this paper points to four epistemological values according to which Lagrange judged various historical methods of differential calculus:generality,simplicity,clarity,and rigor.Lagrange's move to rigorize analysis was connected to his interest in and research of Greek texts;he was attempting to introduce the rigor of the ancient Greeks'demonstration in his works of analysis.展开更多
With high energy density and improved safety,rechargeable battery chemistries with a zinc(Zn)metal anode offer promising and sustainable alternatives to those based on lithium metal or lithium-ion intercalation/alloyi...With high energy density and improved safety,rechargeable battery chemistries with a zinc(Zn)metal anode offer promising and sustainable alternatives to those based on lithium metal or lithium-ion intercalation/alloying anode materials;however,the poor electrochemical reversibility of Zn plating/stripping,induced by parasitic reactions with both aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes,presently limits the practical appeal of these systems.Although recent efforts in rechargeable Zn metal batteries(RZMBs)have achieved certain advancements in Zn metal reversibility,as quantified by the Coulombic efficiency(CE),a standard protocol for CE has not been established,and results across chemistries and systems are often conflicting.More importantly,there is still an insufficient understanding regarding the critical factors dictating Zn reversibility.In this work,a rigorous,established protocol for determining CE of lithium metal anodes is transplanted to the Zn chemistry and is used for systematically examining how a series of factors including current collector chemistry,current density,temperature,and the upper voltage limit during stripping affect the measured reversibility of different Zn electrolytes.With support from density functional theory calculations,this standardized Zn CE protocol is then leveraged to identify an important correlation between electrolyte solvation strength toward Zn2+and the measured Zn CE in the corresponding electrolyte,providing new guidance for future development and evaluation of Zn electrolytes.展开更多
This paper deals with a first-principle mathematical model that describes the electrostatic coalescer unitsdevoted to the separation of water from oil in water-in-oil emulsions, which are typical of the upstreamoperat...This paper deals with a first-principle mathematical model that describes the electrostatic coalescer unitsdevoted to the separation of water from oil in water-in-oil emulsions, which are typical of the upstreamoperations in oil fields. The main phenomena governing the behavior of the electrostatic coalescer are denscribed, starting from fundamental laws. In addition, the gradual coalescence of the emulsion droplets isconsidered in the mathematical modeling in a dynamic fashion, as the phenomenon is identified as a keystep in the overall yield of the unit operation. The resulting differential system with boundary conditionsis then integrated via performing numerical libraries, and the simulation results confirm the available lit-erature and the industrial data. A sensitivity analysis is provided with respect to the main parameters. Themathematical model results in a flexible tool that is useful for the purposes of design, unit behavior predic-tion. performance rnoniroring, and ontimization.展开更多
A rigorous spectral representation of relativistic random-phase approximation is presented.Explicit expression is derived for the effective particle-hole interaction which contains the direct term Kan,the exchange ter...A rigorous spectral representation of relativistic random-phase approximation is presented.Explicit expression is derived for the effective particle-hole interaction which contains the direct term Kan,the exchange term KaQ and the kernel for the fermion line renormalization K_(fr).It is shown that according to our method,not only K_(an) but also K_(sc) and K_(fr) can be given rigorously in a form which depends only on one ω(energy)-variable and they all take account of the retardation effect properly.展开更多
For N-component distillation(N≥3),consolidation between different column sections is an inevitable manipulation when synthesizing complex distillation configurations.In the consolidation,the idiomatic vapor balance(I...For N-component distillation(N≥3),consolidation between different column sections is an inevitable manipulation when synthesizing complex distillation configurations.In the consolidation,the idiomatic vapor balance(IVB)rule,in which the larger vapor flowrate in the two columns before consolidation will be chosen as the balanced vapor flowrate at the consolidation point,has been widely used.However,the applicability of the IVB rule has not been verified,which is of essential importance to the accuracy of the distillation configuration synthesis.In the present study,the applicability of the IVB rule to distillation column consolidation was systematically explored by rigorous method for the first time.First,the separation of ideal and non-ideal three-component mixtures with variable compositions was studied,and the optimized configurations before and after consolidation were determined by a rigorous method.The results indicated that for the separation of an ideal mixture,the IVB rule was applicable for the whole composition range,while for the separation of a non-ideal mixture,the IVB rule was only applicable for very limited composition range.Finally,two cases of synthesizing distillation configurations for the separation of non-ideal mixtures were studied to verify the remarkable deviations the IVB rule may cause.The results indicated that the applicability of the shortcut method using the IVB rule to the distillation configuration synthesis depended on the composition of the non-ideal mixture,and a remarkable error might result and the truly optimal configuration might be missed if the IVB rule is applied to a non-ideal mixture.展开更多
The RPC model has recently raised considerable interest in the photogrammetry and remote sensing community. The RPC is a generalized sensor model that is capable of achieving high approximation accuracy. Unfortunately...The RPC model has recently raised considerable interest in the photogrammetry and remote sensing community. The RPC is a generalized sensor model that is capable of achieving high approximation accuracy. Unfortunately, the computation of the parameters of RPC model is subject to the initial of the parameter in all available literature. An algorithm for computation of parameters of RPC model without initial value is presented and tested on SPOT-5, CBERS-2, ERSq imageries. RPC model is suitable for both push-broom and SAR imagery.展开更多
Polarization singularities in the near-field of Gaussian vortex beams diffracted by a circular aperture are studied by a rigorous electromagnetic theory. It is shown that there exist C-points and L-lines, which depend...Polarization singularities in the near-field of Gaussian vortex beams diffracted by a circular aperture are studied by a rigorous electromagnetic theory. It is shown that there exist C-points and L-lines, which depend on off-axis displacement parameters along the x and y directions, waist width, wavelength, and topological charge of the diffracted Gaussian vortex beam, as well as on propagation distance. The results are illustrated by numerical calculations.展开更多
Background: The registered dietetic four-year degree educational structure has been intact since 1926. Master level nutrition programs exist in the U.S., but are not standardized or accredited unlike four-year degrees...Background: The registered dietetic four-year degree educational structure has been intact since 1926. Master level nutrition programs exist in the U.S., but are not standardized or accredited unlike four-year degrees. Academic requirements for nutrition graduate programs vary regionally across the nation. Objective: To 1) quantify and describe the availability of Master level nutrition programs regionally;and 2) examine the current M.A. and M.S. program requirements for a nutrition graduate degree in the U.S. Methods: Nutrition graduate programs (n = 201) were analyzed and compared by geographical region. Data were collected between August 2017 and May 2018. Inclusion criteria were defined as: nutrition graduate programs listed in the American Society of Nutrition (ASN) database that had a nutrition graduate program website. Descriptive statistical analysis measured evaluated variables. Results: A total of 201 nutrition graduate programs in the U.S. were identified. The title of the programs was categorized into 29 main themes. The most common nutrition graduate program title was a M.S. in Nutrition, 55 institutions (27.4%). A total of 181 institutions offered a M.S. with a required thesis, whereas 95 offered a M.S. with a non-thesis option, and only eight offered a M.A. Region 3-South offered the highest number of nutrition graduate programs (66), followed by region 2-Midwest with 49 programs, region 1-Northeast offered a total of 46 programs, and 37 programs were offered in region 4-West. Conclusion: In 2024, as part of the RD eligibility criteria, it will be required that students possess a master’s degree. To date, only one master’s program in the U.S. is accredited, which assures the student a measure of confidence of program rigor and accountability. Dietitians’ three major professional concerns: respect, recognition and rewards are predicated on rigorous educational programs that meet ACEND standards. It is unlikely that all U.S. master level programs will be accredited by 2024.展开更多
The motivation to use air foil bearings in fuel cell compressors is driven by the demand for oil-free and high-power density system to reduce system volume and weight. The characteristics of air foil bearings that rea...The motivation to use air foil bearings in fuel cell compressors is driven by the demand for oil-free and high-power density system to reduce system volume and weight. The characteristics of air foil bearings that realize this demand are its independency on auxiliary system and no scheduled maintenance as well as their superb performance at high speeds. However, integration of the foil bearings to the compressor needs rigorous developmental tests for the bearing to withstand high g-load during vehicle maneuver and to remain stable in rotordynamics under external destabilizing forces. This paper presents multi-pads foil bearing technology applicable to single stage high speed fuel cell air compressors.Two different multi-pad air foil bearing designs(two-pad vs three-pad) were tested using a high-speed spin test rig to identify the differences in rotordynamics responses. The two-pad bearing is superior in rotordynamics without any sub-synchronous vibration while three-pad bearing provides more uniform load capacity in all directions with less rotordynamics stability. Frequency-domain modal analyses verify the experimental observations. Axial foil bearings with 38 mm outer diameter was designed and tested up to 140 krpm with load capacity of 90 N(1.4 bar specific load capacity).Finally, a platform design of single stage 15 k W fuel cell compressor with rated speed of 130 krpm is proposed using the multi-pad foil bearings and axial foil bearings developed through this paper.展开更多
In order to make more available methods for natural jadeite quality evaluation,this study applied rigorous coupled wave theory to calculate and simulate the reflection characteristics of various natural jadeites,and e...In order to make more available methods for natural jadeite quality evaluation,this study applied rigorous coupled wave theory to calculate and simulate the reflection characteristics of various natural jadeites,and establish evaluation standard based on the relationship between refractive index and reflectivity and responses of reflection efficiency to refractive index,grating thickness and incident angles,etc.The results suggest that reflection efficiency varies significantly as a function of the natural jadeite quality,which can provide a new method to evaluate natural jadeite.展开更多
In this paper, a one-dimensional multilayer is optimized for potential applications as thermophotovoltaic (TPV) selective emitter. The proposed TPV emitter was fabricated through a magnetron sputtering process by usin...In this paper, a one-dimensional multilayer is optimized for potential applications as thermophotovoltaic (TPV) selective emitter. The proposed TPV emitter was fabricated through a magnetron sputtering process by using the radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering system. The spectral emittance of the proposed TPV emitter is measured by using spectral transmittance and reflectance measurement system at wavelength from 0.3 μm to 2.5 μm at near-normal incident 8。. The bidirectional reflectance distribution function BRDF is measured by three axis automated scatterometer (TAAS). The effect of the diffraction orders and plane of incidence on the spectral emittance of the proposed TPV emitter is calculated numerically by using the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA). The emittance spectrum of the proposed TPV selective emitter shows three close to unity emission peaks which are explained by the surface plasmon polariton (SPP), gap plasmon polariton (GPP) and magnetic polariton (MP) excitation. The results show that the proposed emitter has high emittance value in the spectral range of 0.69 emitter, if used as a selective emitter with a low band gap photovoltaic cell (GaSb), would lead to high TPV overall efficiency and high electrical output power.展开更多
In this paper, we present the first order perturbation bounds for the SR factorization with respect to left multiplicative perturbation, and the first order and rigorous perturbation bounds for this factorization with...In this paper, we present the first order perturbation bounds for the SR factorization with respect to left multiplicative perturbation, and the first order and rigorous perturbation bounds for this factorization with respect to right multiplicative perturbation.Moreover, taking the properties of SR factors into consideration, we also provide some refined perturbation bounds.展开更多
文摘Editor-in Chief:Sung Keun Lee Managing Editor:Heejung Kim Associated Editors:Hema Achyuthan,Laia Alegret,Kristine Asch,Margaret Brocx,Elizabeth Catlos,Chee-Ming Chan,Giuseppe Di Capua,Sabina Dolenec,Andrea Festa,Stanley Finney,Kathleen Histon,Gurmeet Kaur,Osamu Kazaoka,Heejung Kim,Jin-Yong Lee,Brian Marker,Victor Mocanu,Nellia Mutemeri,Maria Dolores Pereira,Maria Rose Petrizzo,Mihail Popescu,Brian Pratt,Elizabeth Rovere,Reimar Seltmann,Afroz Ahmad Shahd,Clara Vasconcelos,Wenjiao Xaio In the ever-evolving landscape of academic publishing,the peer review process remains the cornerstone of integrity,rigor,and scholarly excellence.At the heart of this process are our peer reviewers—dedicated experts who generously volunteer their time and expertise to ensure that every episode we publish meets the highest academic standards.
文摘On January 17,a list of the“Top 10 News Stories on 2024 Lancang-Mekong Cooperation”was jointly unveiled by the Center for Asia-Pacific under China International Communications Group(CICG Asia-Pacific)and the Yunnan International Communication Center for South and Southeast Asia in Bangkok,Thailand,after a rigorous selection process.
文摘Introduction Since the 21st century,the biomedical field has gained increasing attention.The biomedical field mainly encompasses biology,materials science,pharmacology,and drug delivery,etc.These areas hold significant importance for human society in terms of health protection,disease diagnosis and treatment,via medical technology innovation and drug development.Consequently,scientists place great emphasis on research in this domain.It must be noted that the research process in biomedicine mainly includes topic selection,experimentation,analysis,and summary.Among these,topic selection is a critical step that affects the entire process.This topic selection not only clarifies the direction and objectives of the study but also provides a clear framework for subsequent research,thereby ensuring scientific rigor and effectiveness while laying a solid foundation for the result analysis.Thus,how to approach topic selection is a crucial issue that requires careful consideration.
文摘Against the backdrop of a new era that commands the attention of scholars worldwide,and on a scientific research journey filled with both hope and challenges,Animal Models and Experimental Medicine(AMEM),as a beacon guiding innovation and rigorous research in the field of animal models and experimental medicine,has once again shone brightly in 2024.With an impact factor of 3.8,a JCI and JCR Q2 ranking,and a CiteScore of 6.3,the journal has demonstrated a continuous rise in its influence and academic status.
文摘Published:25 September 2025 In the article“MiR-16-5p plays an inhibitory role in human non-small cell lung cancer through Fermitin family member 2”(BIOCELL,2021,Vol.45,No.3,pp.627-638.doi:10.32604/biocell.2021.013496),there is an error in the Fig.3.In order to ensure the scientific and rigorous nature of our academic publications,we made a correction about Fig.3 correspondingly.
文摘As a fundamental theory of structural transformations,the Zener ordering of interstitials in a body-centered cubic host lattice,which was established more than half a century ago,has been challenged by recent firstprinciples investigations.In this Letter,we rigorously prove the existence of Zener ordering via Monte Carlo simulations with complete interstitial interactions and demonstrate the critical role of long-range indirect straininduced interactions in stabilizing Zener ordering.These insights improve our understanding of the self-induced collective ordering of point defects in a host lattice and elucidate the fundamental physics of order-disorder phase transitions in alloys.
基金supported by the Center for Advanced Systems Understanding(CASUS),financed by Germany’s Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)and the Saxon State Government out of the State Budget approved by the Saxon State Parliamentfunding from the European Research Council(ERC)under the European Union’s Horizon 2022 Research and Innovation Program(Grant Agreement No.101076233,“PREXTREME”).
文摘We present quasi-exact ab initio path integral Monte Carlo(PIMC)results for the partial static density responses and local field factors of hydrogen in the warm dense matter regime,from solid density conditions to the strongly compressed case.The full dynamic treatment of electrons and protons on the same footing allows us to rigorously quantify both electronic and ionic exchange–correlation effects in the system,and to compare the results with those of earlier incomplete models such as the archetypal uniform electron gas or electrons in a fixed ion snapshot potential that do not take into account the interplay between the two constituents.The full electronic density response is highly sensitive to electronic localization around the ions,and our results constitute unambiguous predictions for upcoming X-ray Thomson scattering experiments with hydrogen jets and fusion plasmas.All PIMC results are made freely available and can be used directly for a gamut of applications,including inertial confinement fusion calculations and the modeling of dense astrophysical objects.Moreover,they constitute invaluable benchmark data for approximate but computationally less demanding approaches such as density functional theory or PIMC within the fixed-node approximation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10174024 and 10474025).
文摘Within the framework of quantum statistical mechanics,we have proposed an exact analytical solution to the problemof Bose-Einstein condensation(BEC)of harmonically trapped two-dimensional(2D)ideal photons.We utilize this analyticalsolution to investigate the statistical properties of ideal photons in a 2D dye-filled spherical cap cavity.The resultsof numerical calculation of the analytical solution agree completely with the foregoing experimental results in the BEC ofharmonically trapped 2D ideal photons.The analytical expressions of the critical temperature and the condensate fractionare derived in the thermodynamic limit.It is found that the 2D critical photon number is larger than the one-dimensional(1D)critical photon number by two orders of magnitude.The spectral radiance of a 2D spherical cap cavity has a sharppeak at the frequency of the cavity cutoff when the photon number exceeds the critical value determined by a temperature.
文摘This paper offers a study of J.L.Lagrange's research on history of mathematics,aiming to clarify Lagrange's intention in carrying out historical work.To this end,I first document how Lagrange worked with and exerted his influence on other scholars in the translation and diffusion of ancient Greek texts.Second,investigating Lagrange's style in doing and writing history of mathematics,this paper takes a new perspective and elucidates his motivation in these activities.In particular,it focuses on Lagrange's presentation of the history of calculus while he was teaching analysis at the Ecole Polytechnique(1795-1799)so as to clarify the function of history in Lagrange's mathematical works.My thesis is that Lagrange's intention in examining the different methods employed by his predecessors was to find inspiration and useful contents in his search for the proper approach to mathematical problems.I thus argue in this paper that history served as a guide or methodology for Lagrange's mathematics.Meanwhile,through an analysis of his historical writing,this paper points to four epistemological values according to which Lagrange judged various historical methods of differential calculus:generality,simplicity,clarity,and rigor.Lagrange's move to rigorize analysis was connected to his interest in and research of Greek texts;he was attempting to introduce the rigor of the ancient Greeks'demonstration in his works of analysis.
基金supported by the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research(JCESR),a Department of Energy,Energy Innovation Hub,under an Interagency Agreement No.IAA SN2020957Forch Distinguished Postdoctoral Fellowship administered by the National Research Councilsupport from Oak Ridge Associated Universities(ORAU)
文摘With high energy density and improved safety,rechargeable battery chemistries with a zinc(Zn)metal anode offer promising and sustainable alternatives to those based on lithium metal or lithium-ion intercalation/alloying anode materials;however,the poor electrochemical reversibility of Zn plating/stripping,induced by parasitic reactions with both aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes,presently limits the practical appeal of these systems.Although recent efforts in rechargeable Zn metal batteries(RZMBs)have achieved certain advancements in Zn metal reversibility,as quantified by the Coulombic efficiency(CE),a standard protocol for CE has not been established,and results across chemistries and systems are often conflicting.More importantly,there is still an insufficient understanding regarding the critical factors dictating Zn reversibility.In this work,a rigorous,established protocol for determining CE of lithium metal anodes is transplanted to the Zn chemistry and is used for systematically examining how a series of factors including current collector chemistry,current density,temperature,and the upper voltage limit during stripping affect the measured reversibility of different Zn electrolytes.With support from density functional theory calculations,this standardized Zn CE protocol is then leveraged to identify an important correlation between electrolyte solvation strength toward Zn2+and the measured Zn CE in the corresponding electrolyte,providing new guidance for future development and evaluation of Zn electrolytes.
文摘This paper deals with a first-principle mathematical model that describes the electrostatic coalescer unitsdevoted to the separation of water from oil in water-in-oil emulsions, which are typical of the upstreamoperations in oil fields. The main phenomena governing the behavior of the electrostatic coalescer are denscribed, starting from fundamental laws. In addition, the gradual coalescence of the emulsion droplets isconsidered in the mathematical modeling in a dynamic fashion, as the phenomenon is identified as a keystep in the overall yield of the unit operation. The resulting differential system with boundary conditionsis then integrated via performing numerical libraries, and the simulation results confirm the available lit-erature and the industrial data. A sensitivity analysis is provided with respect to the main parameters. Themathematical model results in a flexible tool that is useful for the purposes of design, unit behavior predic-tion. performance rnoniroring, and ontimization.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Foundation of State Education Commission.
文摘A rigorous spectral representation of relativistic random-phase approximation is presented.Explicit expression is derived for the effective particle-hole interaction which contains the direct term Kan,the exchange term KaQ and the kernel for the fermion line renormalization K_(fr).It is shown that according to our method,not only K_(an) but also K_(sc) and K_(fr) can be given rigorously in a form which depends only on one ω(energy)-variable and they all take account of the retardation effect properly.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21676183 and 21978203)。
文摘For N-component distillation(N≥3),consolidation between different column sections is an inevitable manipulation when synthesizing complex distillation configurations.In the consolidation,the idiomatic vapor balance(IVB)rule,in which the larger vapor flowrate in the two columns before consolidation will be chosen as the balanced vapor flowrate at the consolidation point,has been widely used.However,the applicability of the IVB rule has not been verified,which is of essential importance to the accuracy of the distillation configuration synthesis.In the present study,the applicability of the IVB rule to distillation column consolidation was systematically explored by rigorous method for the first time.First,the separation of ideal and non-ideal three-component mixtures with variable compositions was studied,and the optimized configurations before and after consolidation were determined by a rigorous method.The results indicated that for the separation of an ideal mixture,the IVB rule was applicable for the whole composition range,while for the separation of a non-ideal mixture,the IVB rule was only applicable for very limited composition range.Finally,two cases of synthesizing distillation configurations for the separation of non-ideal mixtures were studied to verify the remarkable deviations the IVB rule may cause.The results indicated that the applicability of the shortcut method using the IVB rule to the distillation configuration synthesis depended on the composition of the non-ideal mixture,and a remarkable error might result and the truly optimal configuration might be missed if the IVB rule is applied to a non-ideal mixture.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program(No.2006CB701302) .
文摘The RPC model has recently raised considerable interest in the photogrammetry and remote sensing community. The RPC is a generalized sensor model that is capable of achieving high approximation accuracy. Unfortunately, the computation of the parameters of RPC model is subject to the initial of the parameter in all available literature. An algorithm for computation of parameters of RPC model without initial value is presented and tested on SPOT-5, CBERS-2, ERSq imageries. RPC model is suitable for both push-broom and SAR imagery.
基金Project supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2009450159)the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies for Micro-Frabrication and Micro-Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KF001)
文摘Polarization singularities in the near-field of Gaussian vortex beams diffracted by a circular aperture are studied by a rigorous electromagnetic theory. It is shown that there exist C-points and L-lines, which depend on off-axis displacement parameters along the x and y directions, waist width, wavelength, and topological charge of the diffracted Gaussian vortex beam, as well as on propagation distance. The results are illustrated by numerical calculations.
文摘Background: The registered dietetic four-year degree educational structure has been intact since 1926. Master level nutrition programs exist in the U.S., but are not standardized or accredited unlike four-year degrees. Academic requirements for nutrition graduate programs vary regionally across the nation. Objective: To 1) quantify and describe the availability of Master level nutrition programs regionally;and 2) examine the current M.A. and M.S. program requirements for a nutrition graduate degree in the U.S. Methods: Nutrition graduate programs (n = 201) were analyzed and compared by geographical region. Data were collected between August 2017 and May 2018. Inclusion criteria were defined as: nutrition graduate programs listed in the American Society of Nutrition (ASN) database that had a nutrition graduate program website. Descriptive statistical analysis measured evaluated variables. Results: A total of 201 nutrition graduate programs in the U.S. were identified. The title of the programs was categorized into 29 main themes. The most common nutrition graduate program title was a M.S. in Nutrition, 55 institutions (27.4%). A total of 181 institutions offered a M.S. with a required thesis, whereas 95 offered a M.S. with a non-thesis option, and only eight offered a M.A. Region 3-South offered the highest number of nutrition graduate programs (66), followed by region 2-Midwest with 49 programs, region 1-Northeast offered a total of 46 programs, and 37 programs were offered in region 4-West. Conclusion: In 2024, as part of the RD eligibility criteria, it will be required that students possess a master’s degree. To date, only one master’s program in the U.S. is accredited, which assures the student a measure of confidence of program rigor and accountability. Dietitians’ three major professional concerns: respect, recognition and rewards are predicated on rigorous educational programs that meet ACEND standards. It is unlikely that all U.S. master level programs will be accredited by 2024.
文摘The motivation to use air foil bearings in fuel cell compressors is driven by the demand for oil-free and high-power density system to reduce system volume and weight. The characteristics of air foil bearings that realize this demand are its independency on auxiliary system and no scheduled maintenance as well as their superb performance at high speeds. However, integration of the foil bearings to the compressor needs rigorous developmental tests for the bearing to withstand high g-load during vehicle maneuver and to remain stable in rotordynamics under external destabilizing forces. This paper presents multi-pads foil bearing technology applicable to single stage high speed fuel cell air compressors.Two different multi-pad air foil bearing designs(two-pad vs three-pad) were tested using a high-speed spin test rig to identify the differences in rotordynamics responses. The two-pad bearing is superior in rotordynamics without any sub-synchronous vibration while three-pad bearing provides more uniform load capacity in all directions with less rotordynamics stability. Frequency-domain modal analyses verify the experimental observations. Axial foil bearings with 38 mm outer diameter was designed and tested up to 140 krpm with load capacity of 90 N(1.4 bar specific load capacity).Finally, a platform design of single stage 15 k W fuel cell compressor with rated speed of 130 krpm is proposed using the multi-pad foil bearings and axial foil bearings developed through this paper.
文摘In order to make more available methods for natural jadeite quality evaluation,this study applied rigorous coupled wave theory to calculate and simulate the reflection characteristics of various natural jadeites,and establish evaluation standard based on the relationship between refractive index and reflectivity and responses of reflection efficiency to refractive index,grating thickness and incident angles,etc.The results suggest that reflection efficiency varies significantly as a function of the natural jadeite quality,which can provide a new method to evaluate natural jadeite.
文摘In this paper, a one-dimensional multilayer is optimized for potential applications as thermophotovoltaic (TPV) selective emitter. The proposed TPV emitter was fabricated through a magnetron sputtering process by using the radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering system. The spectral emittance of the proposed TPV emitter is measured by using spectral transmittance and reflectance measurement system at wavelength from 0.3 μm to 2.5 μm at near-normal incident 8。. The bidirectional reflectance distribution function BRDF is measured by three axis automated scatterometer (TAAS). The effect of the diffraction orders and plane of incidence on the spectral emittance of the proposed TPV emitter is calculated numerically by using the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA). The emittance spectrum of the proposed TPV selective emitter shows three close to unity emission peaks which are explained by the surface plasmon polariton (SPP), gap plasmon polariton (GPP) and magnetic polariton (MP) excitation. The results show that the proposed emitter has high emittance value in the spectral range of 0.69 emitter, if used as a selective emitter with a low band gap photovoltaic cell (GaSb), would lead to high TPV overall efficiency and high electrical output power.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11201507)
文摘In this paper, we present the first order perturbation bounds for the SR factorization with respect to left multiplicative perturbation, and the first order and rigorous perturbation bounds for this factorization with respect to right multiplicative perturbation.Moreover, taking the properties of SR factors into consideration, we also provide some refined perturbation bounds.
