Irrigation was developed in ancient China.The management of water resources has existed since ancient times when the embryonic form of water right system was established.From perspectives of environmental law,the wate...Irrigation was developed in ancient China.The management of water resources has existed since ancient times when the embryonic form of water right system was established.From perspectives of environmental law,the water rights system in ancient China,especially the water rights system after Ming Dynasty,gave no explicit concept to water rights,but the participatory management of water users was included in implementation.Such management had the same connotation with the modern concept of water rights and thereby it has an instructional significance to perfect the water rights system of in modern China.展开更多
In the research, reform of rural collective economy property right system in Beijing rural-urban continuum was explored in terms of background, cause, pro- cess and practice modes by surveying and interviewing, and th...In the research, reform of rural collective economy property right system in Beijing rural-urban continuum was explored in terms of background, cause, pro- cess and practice modes by surveying and interviewing, and the value of system reform on urbanization in rural areas was illustrated from the perspective of farmers who lose lands. The results showed that since reform and opening-up, disadvan- tages of collective economy property are always the fundamental cause of reform; rural-urban contradiction produced from rapid urbanization makes the reform much more urgent; shareholding co-operative system is the essence of reform of collective economy property right system. Rural collective economy property right system in Beijing includes stock-assets quantification shareholding co-operative system, share- capitalization of contractual land management right, farmers as shareholders by investment, and resource and capital mode, with advantages and disadvantages respectively. The common character should be noticed is that all modes have share on contractual right of land, indicating the core of the reform of property system lies in asset quantification and stock quota. In improving urban-rural integration and modern market system, as well as endowing more rights to farmers, reform of rural collective economy property right system is of great significance, which provides a transition space and buffer mechanism for urbanization in rural areas.展开更多
The China Yangtze Group Corp. was founded in 1980. Now it has developed into a large state-owned consortium, with its business scope covering electrical appliances, automobiles, light industry and other industrial sec...The China Yangtze Group Corp. was founded in 1980. Now it has developed into a large state-owned consortium, with its business scope covering electrical appliances, automobiles, light industry and other industrial sectors. It has gross assets of RMB 1.737 billion, and net assets of RMB359 million. The Yangtze Group has been developing, with reliance on bank loans in recent years, incurring heavy debts; and its leading product-refrigerator,展开更多
Taking sample survey in the eighteen villages of Yunhe, Longquan and Qingyuan County of Lishui City of Zhejiang Province, the results show that the forest land transfer of sample peasants is mainly transfer-out, the p...Taking sample survey in the eighteen villages of Yunhe, Longquan and Qingyuan County of Lishui City of Zhejiang Province, the results show that the forest land transfer of sample peasants is mainly transfer-out, the private treaty of forest land transfer is the main pattern of most peasant households, forest right trading market hasn't got wide approval in peasants, peasants' dependence on land is reducing, and so on. Through analysis, the reasons of influent transfer of forest land include peasant's subjective will, less type of transfer objects, dull information communication, big difference of expected price and imperfect development of intermediary organization. In order to promote a healthy development of forest land transfer, the paper puts forward proposals of strengthening policy publicity, improving system, identifying property right, pushing variety of transfer types, developing forest land market, cultivating subject of market and so on.展开更多
Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,stressed that we should adhere to the“two integrations”(namely,integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realit...Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,stressed that we should adhere to the“two integrations”(namely,integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and fine traditional culture),root ourselves in Chinese soil,carry forward the Chinese cultural heritage,and strengthen the academic foundation.We should accelerate the building of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences,and formulate original concepts and develop systems of academic discipline,research and discourse,drawing on China’s rich experience of advancing human rights.In the face of changes of a magnitude not seen in a century,in the historic process of advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through Chinese modernization,we should and must strengthen our theoretical self-consciousness and confidence in the path of Chinese modernization.We need to enhance human rights research,develop the human rights theoretical system and paradigm that are based on Chinese realities and express Chinese voice,and an independent Chinese knowledge system for human rights.展开更多
In 2024,China’s human rights research has assumed a distinct“autonomy-oriented shift,”with scholars beginning to refine and construct uniquely Chinese and locally identifiable human rights concepts,categories,and d...In 2024,China’s human rights research has assumed a distinct“autonomy-oriented shift,”with scholars beginning to refine and construct uniquely Chinese and locally identifiable human rights concepts,categories,and discourses.Building an independent human rights knowledge system has become a core academic focus in China’s human rights research field.Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground are the key methodological principles for the process.China’s human rights research should be rooted in the“cultural lineage”by preserving the essence of fine traditional Chinese culture,guided by the“moral lineage”by adhering to the Marxist view on human rights,and anchored in the“Four-sphere Confidence”by upholding a distinct human rights development path,so as to define the historical coordinates and value stance of China’s independent human rights knowledge system.Meanwhile,it should maintain a high degree of openness in knowledge,theory,and methodology to address emerging rights demands and contribute to building a new global human rights governance order,so as to underscore the mission of China’s independent human rights knowledge system in the contemporary era and China’s responsibility as a major global actor.China’s human rights research should uphold the dialectical unity between the fundamental principles and innovations,and advance the systemic and theoretical interpretation of its independent human rights knowledge.展开更多
In order to promote the development of the mineral industry in their countries,Tanzania and Uganda have revised their mining acts in recent years,and the reform of the mineral rights licensing system is one of the key...In order to promote the development of the mineral industry in their countries,Tanzania and Uganda have revised their mining acts in recent years,and the reform of the mineral rights licensing system is one of the key points.This paper is intended to make a comparative analysis of the two countries’mineral rights licensing systems in terms of the main body of approval,approval time,approval information,approval conditions and application fees.Through comparison,it can be seen that the two countries focus on the role of the government in the mineral rights licensing,jurisdiction is more centralized,access system is fairer,the review is more stringent,and the provisions are clearer and more concise.On the whole,Tanzania’s mineral rights licensing system is more detailed and standardized than Uganda’s,and is more operational in practice.In addition to exploring the advantages of the two countries’mineral rights licensing system,this paper also summarizes and analyzes the shortcomings of the two countries’mineral rights licensing system,how to verify the review of information in the two countries’mineral rights licensing system,how to effectively supervise the activities after licensing,and how to continue to deepen the reform of the two countries’ministries of mines and minerals,which are responsible for the important task of strengthening the administrative capacity and improving the efficiency of the administration,is still an important issue that deserves continuous and in-depth study for the two countries.For both countries,this is still a topic that deserves continuous and in-depth research.Through the comparative analysis of the Tanzanian and Ugandan mineral rights licensing systems,this paper clearly demonstrates the similarities and differences between the two systems as well as their advantages and disadvantages,which can provide decision-making references for relevant mining investments and help investors more comprehensively assess the legal environment,policy risks and operating costs of mining development in the two countries,so as to optimize their investment strategies and reduce compliance risks.展开更多
Cultural rights are important human rights established by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(UDHR)and the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights(ICESCR).However,they have not received due...Cultural rights are important human rights established by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(UDHR)and the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights(ICESCR).However,they have not received due attention within the United Nations human rights system and related academic research.As a specialized agency within the United Nations system primarily responsible for cultural affairs,United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)has played a significant role in promoting the recognition and advocacy of cultural rights in the international community,mainly by expanding and deepening the normative connotations of cultural rights,strengthening the integration of culture and cultural rights with the United Nations’development agenda,and creating cultural heritage rights and other specific examples of protection practices.Under its leadership,the United Nations system is exploring a new agenda of collective actions to promote cultural rights,which shows a trend of emphasizing cross-sectoral collaboration between culture and science,as well as culture and education.Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Culture,China should further leverage the advantages of UNESCO as a global cultural governance platform to share its concepts and experience in protecting and realizing cultural rights with the international community.Through the Global Civilization Initiative,China can lead and shape the emerging international agenda on cultural rights and promote the progress of international human rights and the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dissection of the right paraesophageal lymph node(RPELN)in managing papillary thyroid carcinoma remains a contentious issue.This meta-analysis assesses previously established and novel risk factors associat...BACKGROUND Dissection of the right paraesophageal lymph node(RPELN)in managing papillary thyroid carcinoma remains a contentious issue.This meta-analysis assesses previously established and novel risk factors associated with RPELN metastasis.AIM To evaluate previously established and novel risk factors associated with RPELN metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma papillary thyroid carcinoma through a comprehensive meta-analysis.METHODS We searched MEDLINE(via PubMed),ScienceDirect,Scopus and EMBASE up to December 2024.Studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Statistical analysis was conducted with RevMan version 5.4,using the Q-test and I2-test for heterogeneity.Sensitivity was evaluated with the leave-one-out method,and publication bias with the Egger regression test and funnel plot.RESULTS Of 2444 articles retrieved,26 were included in our meta-analysis with 16427 patients.The RPELN metastasis rate was 12.98%[95%confidence interval(CI):12.46%-13.50%].The pooled results suggested that age<55 years[odds ratio(OR)=1.71,95%CI:1.35-2.16,P<0.00001],sex(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.54-0.67,P<0.00001),tumor size 1 cm(OR=3.37,95%CI:2.69-4.21,P<0.00001),multifocality(OR=1.81,95%CI:1.49-2.20,P<0.00001),capsular invasion(OR=2.94,95%CI:2.05-4.20,P<0.00001),vascular invasion(OR=2.16,95%CI:1.56-2.99,P<0.00001),extra-thyroid extension(OR=3.30,95%CI:1.82-5.98,P<0.0001),central lymph node metastasis(OR=7.77,95%CI:4.73-12.76,P<0.00001),lateral lymph node metastasis(OR=6.94,95%CI:6.11-7.89,P<0.00001),Hashimoto thyroiditis(OR=0.79,95%CI:0.69-0.92,P=0.002),micro-calcifications(OR=2.29,95%CI:1.20-4.37,P=0.01),and echogenicity(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.40-0.98,P=0.04)should be considered with RPELN metastasis.CONCLUSION The male<55,tumor size>1 cm,multifocality,capsular and vascular invasion,extrathyroidal extension,lymph node metastasis,and Hashimoto thyroiditis were significantly associated with RPELN metastasis and should be carefully assessed during dissection.展开更多
If the world prior to World War Ⅱ was one where all continents and countries acted on their own volition,the post-WWII world has evolved into an interconnected global community bound by intercontinental interdependen...If the world prior to World War Ⅱ was one where all continents and countries acted on their own volition,the post-WWII world has evolved into an interconnected global community bound by intercontinental interdependence,with the United Nations(UN),founded in 1945,serving as its driving force.展开更多
In 1945,after a same generation went through two world wars,the community of states united to create the United Nations(UN),in the hope of not returning to make the mistakes of the past.However,due to disparate ideolo...In 1945,after a same generation went through two world wars,the community of states united to create the United Nations(UN),in the hope of not returning to make the mistakes of the past.However,due to disparate ideologies and conflicting strategic interests,the main powers of that era,e.g.the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR),two different world orders emerged,each with their own worldviews and geopolitical concerns,although both orders were part of the same international system.展开更多
In a deeply aging society,the appointed guardianship system,as an important arrangement for the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly,still faces many practical difficulties.Typical examples include:du...In a deeply aging society,the appointed guardianship system,as an important arrangement for the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly,still faces many practical difficulties.Typical examples include:during the decision-making stage of whether to choose appointed guardianship,the lack of professionalism and availability of appointed guardians can easily hinder the elderly from choosing to apply it;during the establishment stage of appointed guardianship,the limited rules related to the appointed guardianship agreement can easily lead to the frustration of the elderly’s subjective will;during the operation stage of appointed guardianship,the insufficient accountability mechanisms for appointed guardians can easily lead to the infringement of the personal or property rights of the elderly.By reflecting on its jurisprudential causes,it can be found that the current law largely ignores the orientation of appointed guardianship as a welfare for the elderly in social law,the concept of substantive equality in the appointed guardianship agreement,and the theoretical attributes of the appointed guardianship as a fiduciary relationship.Therefore,the appointed guardianship system in China should be systematically improved to fully release its institutional potential in the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly based on these jurisprudential principles.In particular,it is possible to consider actively promoting the“trust+appointed guardianship”model and cultivating a team of appointed guardians by the state based on the concept of elderly welfare;strengthening the protection of notarization procedures and the reasonable design of the appointed guardianship agreement based on the concept of substantive equality;and refining the fiduciary standards of appointed guardians and strengthening guardianship supervision based on the nature of fiduciary relationship.展开更多
Among the “three data rights,” the data utilization right has been persistently overlooked, and is similar to a neglected “middle child” in the context of the data rights family. However, it is precisely during th...Among the “three data rights,” the data utilization right has been persistently overlooked, and is similar to a neglected “middle child” in the context of the data rights family. However, it is precisely during the stages of processing and utilization that data undergoes its transformations and where its economic value is ultimately created. A series of recent policy documents on treating data as a factor of production have emphasized that the building of a scientific data property rights system requires a fair and efficient mechanism for benefit distribution, which provides reasonable preference for creators of data value and use value in terms of the income generated by data elements. Constrained by the inertial thinking of property right logic, the data utilization right is often regarded as a “transitional fulcrum” wherein the holders of data resources have to authorize the operators of data products to realize data value thereby. In the future structural design and implementation of the coordination mechanism for the property right system against the backdrop of the data factor-oriented reform, the establishment of data processing and utilization as an independent right will require the implementation of two core initiatives: first, attaching importance to the independent protection of the benefit distribution;second, implementing risk regulation for data security through optimization of governance. These two initiatives will serve as the key for optimizing the data factor governance system and accelerating the release of data value.展开更多
This paper proposes a robust control-oriented identification method for errors-in-variables(EIV)systems in output feedbacks using frequency-response(FR)experimental data.An important relation between such a closed-loo...This paper proposes a robust control-oriented identification method for errors-in-variables(EIV)systems in output feedbacks using frequency-response(FR)experimental data.An important relation between such a closed-loop EIV system and its coprime factor(CF)uncertainty description is first derived,based on which the FR measurements suitable for plant CF identification are able to be generated.Different factorizations of a given controller in the closed-loop system can be made best use to adjust right coprime factors(RCFs)of the plant so as to realize an improvement on the signal-to-noise ratio of identification experimental data.Subsequently,a nominal RCF model is estimated by linear matrix inequalities from the applicable FR measurements and its associated worst-case errors are quantified from a priori and a posteriori information on the underlying system.A resulting RCF perturbation model set can then be described by the nominal RCF model and its worst-case error bounds.Such a model set capable of being stabilized by the given controller is ready for its robust stabilizing controller redesign and robust performance analysis.Finally,a numerical simulation is given to show the efficacy of the proposed identification method.展开更多
专家共识作为临床实践指南的重要补充,在证据不足或存在争议时支持临床决策。与临床实践指南相比,专家共识的呈现更具有多样性。目前,尚无针对临床和公共卫生决策的专家共识报告规范(reporting guideline)。RIGHT(Reporting Items for P...专家共识作为临床实践指南的重要补充,在证据不足或存在争议时支持临床决策。与临床实践指南相比,专家共识的呈现更具有多样性。目前,尚无针对临床和公共卫生决策的专家共识报告规范(reporting guideline)。RIGHT(Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare)清单是目前国际最常用的指南报告规范,常用于专家共识的写作参考。然而,RIGHT清单不包括共识形成方法的部分;而ACCORD(ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document)清单虽然包含共识形成方法的报告要求,但不包含推荐意见的报告规范。因此,本文综合RIGHT和ACCORD两个报告清单,提出综合记忆框架(TIMER-DO),帮助作者综合两部国际通用的报告规范,完成专家共识的规范化报告。展开更多
AIM To compare the clinical outcomes of right hepatectomy for large hepatocellular carcinoma via the anterior and conventional approach.METHODS We comprehensively performed an electronic search of Pub Med, EMBASE, and...AIM To compare the clinical outcomes of right hepatectomy for large hepatocellular carcinoma via the anterior and conventional approach.METHODS We comprehensively performed an electronic search of Pub Med, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials(RCTs) or controlled clinical trials(CCTs) published between January 2000 and May 2017 concerning the anterior approach(AA) and the conventional approach(CA) to right hepatectomy. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were included, and their outcome analyses were further assessed using a fixed or random effects model.RESULTS This analysis included 2297 patients enrolled in 16 studies(3 RCTs and 13 CTTs). Intraoperative blood loss [weighted mean difference =-255.21; 95% confidence interval(95%CI):-371.3 to-139.12; P < 0.0001], intraoperative blood transfusion [odds ratio(OR) = 0.42; 95%CI: 0.29-0.61; P < 0.0001], mortality(OR = 0.59; 95%CI: 0.38-0.92; P = 0.02), morbidity(OR = 0.77; 95%CI: 0.62-0.95; P = 0.01), and recurrencerate(OR = 0.62; 95%CI: 0.47-0.83; P = 0.001) were significantly reduced in the AA group. Patients in the AA group had better overall survival(hazard ratio [HR] = 0.71; 95%CI: 0.50-1.00; P = 0.05) and disease-free survival(HR = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.58-0.79; P < 0.0001) than those in the CA group.CONCLUSION The AA is safe and effective for right hepatectomy for large hepatocellular carcinoma and could accelerate postoperative recovery and achieve better survival outcomes than the CA.展开更多
With the increasing proportion of renewable energy in the power market,the demands on government financial subsidies are gradually increasing.Thus,a joint green certificate-carbon emission right-electricity multi-mark...With the increasing proportion of renewable energy in the power market,the demands on government financial subsidies are gradually increasing.Thus,a joint green certificate-carbon emission right-electricity multi-market trading process is proposed to study the market-based strategy for renewable energy.Considering the commodity characteristics of green certificates and carbon emission rights,the dynamic cost models of green certificates and carbon rights are constructed based on the Rubinstein game and ladder pricing models.Furthermore,considering the irrational bidding behavior of energy suppliers in the actual electricity market,an evolutionary game based multi-market bidding optimization model is presented.Subsequently,it is solved using a composite differential evolutionary algorithm.Finally,the case study results reveal that the proposed model can increase profits and the consumption rate of renewable energy and reduce carbon emission.展开更多
The robust control issue for uncertain nonlinear system is discussed by using the method of right coprime factorization.As it is difficult to obtain the inverse of the right factor due to the high nonlinearity,the pro...The robust control issue for uncertain nonlinear system is discussed by using the method of right coprime factorization.As it is difficult to obtain the inverse of the right factor due to the high nonlinearity,the proving of the Bezout identity becomes troublesome.Therefore,two sufficient conditions are derived to manage this problem with the nonlinear feedback system as well as that with the uncertain nonlinear feedback system under the definition of Lipschitz norm.A simulation of temperature control is given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.展开更多
文摘Irrigation was developed in ancient China.The management of water resources has existed since ancient times when the embryonic form of water right system was established.From perspectives of environmental law,the water rights system in ancient China,especially the water rights system after Ming Dynasty,gave no explicit concept to water rights,but the participatory management of water users was included in implementation.Such management had the same connotation with the modern concept of water rights and thereby it has an instructional significance to perfect the water rights system of in modern China.
基金Supported by Major Project of the National Social Science Fund(13&ZD027)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41371177)the National Science and Technology Support Planning(2012BAJ22B03)~~
文摘In the research, reform of rural collective economy property right system in Beijing rural-urban continuum was explored in terms of background, cause, pro- cess and practice modes by surveying and interviewing, and the value of system reform on urbanization in rural areas was illustrated from the perspective of farmers who lose lands. The results showed that since reform and opening-up, disadvan- tages of collective economy property are always the fundamental cause of reform; rural-urban contradiction produced from rapid urbanization makes the reform much more urgent; shareholding co-operative system is the essence of reform of collective economy property right system. Rural collective economy property right system in Beijing includes stock-assets quantification shareholding co-operative system, share- capitalization of contractual land management right, farmers as shareholders by investment, and resource and capital mode, with advantages and disadvantages respectively. The common character should be noticed is that all modes have share on contractual right of land, indicating the core of the reform of property system lies in asset quantification and stock quota. In improving urban-rural integration and modern market system, as well as endowing more rights to farmers, reform of rural collective economy property right system is of great significance, which provides a transition space and buffer mechanism for urbanization in rural areas.
文摘The China Yangtze Group Corp. was founded in 1980. Now it has developed into a large state-owned consortium, with its business scope covering electrical appliances, automobiles, light industry and other industrial sectors. It has gross assets of RMB 1.737 billion, and net assets of RMB359 million. The Yangtze Group has been developing, with reliance on bank loans in recent years, incurring heavy debts; and its leading product-refrigerator,
文摘Taking sample survey in the eighteen villages of Yunhe, Longquan and Qingyuan County of Lishui City of Zhejiang Province, the results show that the forest land transfer of sample peasants is mainly transfer-out, the private treaty of forest land transfer is the main pattern of most peasant households, forest right trading market hasn't got wide approval in peasants, peasants' dependence on land is reducing, and so on. Through analysis, the reasons of influent transfer of forest land include peasant's subjective will, less type of transfer objects, dull information communication, big difference of expected price and imperfect development of intermediary organization. In order to promote a healthy development of forest land transfer, the paper puts forward proposals of strengthening policy publicity, improving system, identifying property right, pushing variety of transfer types, developing forest land market, cultivating subject of market and so on.
文摘Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,stressed that we should adhere to the“two integrations”(namely,integrating the basic tenets of Marxism with China’s specific realities and fine traditional culture),root ourselves in Chinese soil,carry forward the Chinese cultural heritage,and strengthen the academic foundation.We should accelerate the building of an independent knowledge system for Chinese philosophy and social sciences,and formulate original concepts and develop systems of academic discipline,research and discourse,drawing on China’s rich experience of advancing human rights.In the face of changes of a magnitude not seen in a century,in the historic process of advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through Chinese modernization,we should and must strengthen our theoretical self-consciousness and confidence in the path of Chinese modernization.We need to enhance human rights research,develop the human rights theoretical system and paradigm that are based on Chinese realities and express Chinese voice,and an independent Chinese knowledge system for human rights.
基金a phased result funded by the Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research Expenses of Universities under the Central Government(24CXTD01).
文摘In 2024,China’s human rights research has assumed a distinct“autonomy-oriented shift,”with scholars beginning to refine and construct uniquely Chinese and locally identifiable human rights concepts,categories,and discourses.Building an independent human rights knowledge system has become a core academic focus in China’s human rights research field.Upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground are the key methodological principles for the process.China’s human rights research should be rooted in the“cultural lineage”by preserving the essence of fine traditional Chinese culture,guided by the“moral lineage”by adhering to the Marxist view on human rights,and anchored in the“Four-sphere Confidence”by upholding a distinct human rights development path,so as to define the historical coordinates and value stance of China’s independent human rights knowledge system.Meanwhile,it should maintain a high degree of openness in knowledge,theory,and methodology to address emerging rights demands and contribute to building a new global human rights governance order,so as to underscore the mission of China’s independent human rights knowledge system in the contemporary era and China’s responsibility as a major global actor.China’s human rights research should uphold the dialectical unity between the fundamental principles and innovations,and advance the systemic and theoretical interpretation of its independent human rights knowledge.
基金Shenzhen Polytechnic University’s Key Scientific Research Project,The Field Exploitation of Shenzhen Enterprises’Investment in Africa and the Prevention and Control of Legal Risks(Project No.:6024310006S)。
文摘In order to promote the development of the mineral industry in their countries,Tanzania and Uganda have revised their mining acts in recent years,and the reform of the mineral rights licensing system is one of the key points.This paper is intended to make a comparative analysis of the two countries’mineral rights licensing systems in terms of the main body of approval,approval time,approval information,approval conditions and application fees.Through comparison,it can be seen that the two countries focus on the role of the government in the mineral rights licensing,jurisdiction is more centralized,access system is fairer,the review is more stringent,and the provisions are clearer and more concise.On the whole,Tanzania’s mineral rights licensing system is more detailed and standardized than Uganda’s,and is more operational in practice.In addition to exploring the advantages of the two countries’mineral rights licensing system,this paper also summarizes and analyzes the shortcomings of the two countries’mineral rights licensing system,how to verify the review of information in the two countries’mineral rights licensing system,how to effectively supervise the activities after licensing,and how to continue to deepen the reform of the two countries’ministries of mines and minerals,which are responsible for the important task of strengthening the administrative capacity and improving the efficiency of the administration,is still an important issue that deserves continuous and in-depth study for the two countries.For both countries,this is still a topic that deserves continuous and in-depth research.Through the comparative analysis of the Tanzanian and Ugandan mineral rights licensing systems,this paper clearly demonstrates the similarities and differences between the two systems as well as their advantages and disadvantages,which can provide decision-making references for relevant mining investments and help investors more comprehensively assess the legal environment,policy risks and operating costs of mining development in the two countries,so as to optimize their investment strategies and reduce compliance risks.
文摘Cultural rights are important human rights established by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(UDHR)and the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights(ICESCR).However,they have not received due attention within the United Nations human rights system and related academic research.As a specialized agency within the United Nations system primarily responsible for cultural affairs,United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)has played a significant role in promoting the recognition and advocacy of cultural rights in the international community,mainly by expanding and deepening the normative connotations of cultural rights,strengthening the integration of culture and cultural rights with the United Nations’development agenda,and creating cultural heritage rights and other specific examples of protection practices.Under its leadership,the United Nations system is exploring a new agenda of collective actions to promote cultural rights,which shows a trend of emphasizing cross-sectoral collaboration between culture and science,as well as culture and education.Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Culture,China should further leverage the advantages of UNESCO as a global cultural governance platform to share its concepts and experience in protecting and realizing cultural rights with the international community.Through the Global Civilization Initiative,China can lead and shape the emerging international agenda on cultural rights and promote the progress of international human rights and the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.
文摘BACKGROUND Dissection of the right paraesophageal lymph node(RPELN)in managing papillary thyroid carcinoma remains a contentious issue.This meta-analysis assesses previously established and novel risk factors associated with RPELN metastasis.AIM To evaluate previously established and novel risk factors associated with RPELN metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma papillary thyroid carcinoma through a comprehensive meta-analysis.METHODS We searched MEDLINE(via PubMed),ScienceDirect,Scopus and EMBASE up to December 2024.Studies were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Statistical analysis was conducted with RevMan version 5.4,using the Q-test and I2-test for heterogeneity.Sensitivity was evaluated with the leave-one-out method,and publication bias with the Egger regression test and funnel plot.RESULTS Of 2444 articles retrieved,26 were included in our meta-analysis with 16427 patients.The RPELN metastasis rate was 12.98%[95%confidence interval(CI):12.46%-13.50%].The pooled results suggested that age<55 years[odds ratio(OR)=1.71,95%CI:1.35-2.16,P<0.00001],sex(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.54-0.67,P<0.00001),tumor size 1 cm(OR=3.37,95%CI:2.69-4.21,P<0.00001),multifocality(OR=1.81,95%CI:1.49-2.20,P<0.00001),capsular invasion(OR=2.94,95%CI:2.05-4.20,P<0.00001),vascular invasion(OR=2.16,95%CI:1.56-2.99,P<0.00001),extra-thyroid extension(OR=3.30,95%CI:1.82-5.98,P<0.0001),central lymph node metastasis(OR=7.77,95%CI:4.73-12.76,P<0.00001),lateral lymph node metastasis(OR=6.94,95%CI:6.11-7.89,P<0.00001),Hashimoto thyroiditis(OR=0.79,95%CI:0.69-0.92,P=0.002),micro-calcifications(OR=2.29,95%CI:1.20-4.37,P=0.01),and echogenicity(OR=0.62,95%CI:0.40-0.98,P=0.04)should be considered with RPELN metastasis.CONCLUSION The male<55,tumor size>1 cm,multifocality,capsular and vascular invasion,extrathyroidal extension,lymph node metastasis,and Hashimoto thyroiditis were significantly associated with RPELN metastasis and should be carefully assessed during dissection.
文摘If the world prior to World War Ⅱ was one where all continents and countries acted on their own volition,the post-WWII world has evolved into an interconnected global community bound by intercontinental interdependence,with the United Nations(UN),founded in 1945,serving as its driving force.
文摘In 1945,after a same generation went through two world wars,the community of states united to create the United Nations(UN),in the hope of not returning to make the mistakes of the past.However,due to disparate ideologies and conflicting strategic interests,the main powers of that era,e.g.the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR),two different world orders emerged,each with their own worldviews and geopolitical concerns,although both orders were part of the same international system.
基金the National Social Science Fund of China Youth Project“Research on the Application Dilemma and Solutions of the Appointed Guardianship Clauses in the Civil Code”(Project Approval Number 20CFX075).
文摘In a deeply aging society,the appointed guardianship system,as an important arrangement for the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly,still faces many practical difficulties.Typical examples include:during the decision-making stage of whether to choose appointed guardianship,the lack of professionalism and availability of appointed guardians can easily hinder the elderly from choosing to apply it;during the establishment stage of appointed guardianship,the limited rules related to the appointed guardianship agreement can easily lead to the frustration of the elderly’s subjective will;during the operation stage of appointed guardianship,the insufficient accountability mechanisms for appointed guardians can easily lead to the infringement of the personal or property rights of the elderly.By reflecting on its jurisprudential causes,it can be found that the current law largely ignores the orientation of appointed guardianship as a welfare for the elderly in social law,the concept of substantive equality in the appointed guardianship agreement,and the theoretical attributes of the appointed guardianship as a fiduciary relationship.Therefore,the appointed guardianship system in China should be systematically improved to fully release its institutional potential in the protection of the rights and interests of the elderly based on these jurisprudential principles.In particular,it is possible to consider actively promoting the“trust+appointed guardianship”model and cultivating a team of appointed guardians by the state based on the concept of elderly welfare;strengthening the protection of notarization procedures and the reasonable design of the appointed guardianship agreement based on the concept of substantive equality;and refining the fiduciary standards of appointed guardians and strengthening guardianship supervision based on the nature of fiduciary relationship.
文摘Among the “three data rights,” the data utilization right has been persistently overlooked, and is similar to a neglected “middle child” in the context of the data rights family. However, it is precisely during the stages of processing and utilization that data undergoes its transformations and where its economic value is ultimately created. A series of recent policy documents on treating data as a factor of production have emphasized that the building of a scientific data property rights system requires a fair and efficient mechanism for benefit distribution, which provides reasonable preference for creators of data value and use value in terms of the income generated by data elements. Constrained by the inertial thinking of property right logic, the data utilization right is often regarded as a “transitional fulcrum” wherein the holders of data resources have to authorize the operators of data products to realize data value thereby. In the future structural design and implementation of the coordination mechanism for the property right system against the backdrop of the data factor-oriented reform, the establishment of data processing and utilization as an independent right will require the implementation of two core initiatives: first, attaching importance to the independent protection of the benefit distribution;second, implementing risk regulation for data security through optimization of governance. These two initiatives will serve as the key for optimizing the data factor governance system and accelerating the release of data value.
文摘This paper proposes a robust control-oriented identification method for errors-in-variables(EIV)systems in output feedbacks using frequency-response(FR)experimental data.An important relation between such a closed-loop EIV system and its coprime factor(CF)uncertainty description is first derived,based on which the FR measurements suitable for plant CF identification are able to be generated.Different factorizations of a given controller in the closed-loop system can be made best use to adjust right coprime factors(RCFs)of the plant so as to realize an improvement on the signal-to-noise ratio of identification experimental data.Subsequently,a nominal RCF model is estimated by linear matrix inequalities from the applicable FR measurements and its associated worst-case errors are quantified from a priori and a posteriori information on the underlying system.A resulting RCF perturbation model set can then be described by the nominal RCF model and its worst-case error bounds.Such a model set capable of being stabilized by the given controller is ready for its robust stabilizing controller redesign and robust performance analysis.Finally,a numerical simulation is given to show the efficacy of the proposed identification method.
文摘专家共识作为临床实践指南的重要补充,在证据不足或存在争议时支持临床决策。与临床实践指南相比,专家共识的呈现更具有多样性。目前,尚无针对临床和公共卫生决策的专家共识报告规范(reporting guideline)。RIGHT(Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare)清单是目前国际最常用的指南报告规范,常用于专家共识的写作参考。然而,RIGHT清单不包括共识形成方法的部分;而ACCORD(ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document)清单虽然包含共识形成方法的报告要求,但不包含推荐意见的报告规范。因此,本文综合RIGHT和ACCORD两个报告清单,提出综合记忆框架(TIMER-DO),帮助作者综合两部国际通用的报告规范,完成专家共识的规范化报告。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81572368the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation,No.2016A030313278the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China,No.2014A020212084
文摘AIM To compare the clinical outcomes of right hepatectomy for large hepatocellular carcinoma via the anterior and conventional approach.METHODS We comprehensively performed an electronic search of Pub Med, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for randomized controlled trials(RCTs) or controlled clinical trials(CCTs) published between January 2000 and May 2017 concerning the anterior approach(AA) and the conventional approach(CA) to right hepatectomy. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were included, and their outcome analyses were further assessed using a fixed or random effects model.RESULTS This analysis included 2297 patients enrolled in 16 studies(3 RCTs and 13 CTTs). Intraoperative blood loss [weighted mean difference =-255.21; 95% confidence interval(95%CI):-371.3 to-139.12; P < 0.0001], intraoperative blood transfusion [odds ratio(OR) = 0.42; 95%CI: 0.29-0.61; P < 0.0001], mortality(OR = 0.59; 95%CI: 0.38-0.92; P = 0.02), morbidity(OR = 0.77; 95%CI: 0.62-0.95; P = 0.01), and recurrencerate(OR = 0.62; 95%CI: 0.47-0.83; P = 0.001) were significantly reduced in the AA group. Patients in the AA group had better overall survival(hazard ratio [HR] = 0.71; 95%CI: 0.50-1.00; P = 0.05) and disease-free survival(HR = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.58-0.79; P < 0.0001) than those in the CA group.CONCLUSION The AA is safe and effective for right hepatectomy for large hepatocellular carcinoma and could accelerate postoperative recovery and achieve better survival outcomes than the CA.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB0902200).
文摘With the increasing proportion of renewable energy in the power market,the demands on government financial subsidies are gradually increasing.Thus,a joint green certificate-carbon emission right-electricity multi-market trading process is proposed to study the market-based strategy for renewable energy.Considering the commodity characteristics of green certificates and carbon emission rights,the dynamic cost models of green certificates and carbon rights are constructed based on the Rubinstein game and ladder pricing models.Furthermore,considering the irrational bidding behavior of energy suppliers in the actual electricity market,an evolutionary game based multi-market bidding optimization model is presented.Subsequently,it is solved using a composite differential evolutionary algorithm.Finally,the case study results reveal that the proposed model can increase profits and the consumption rate of renewable energy and reduce carbon emission.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61304093,61472195)
文摘The robust control issue for uncertain nonlinear system is discussed by using the method of right coprime factorization.As it is difficult to obtain the inverse of the right factor due to the high nonlinearity,the proving of the Bezout identity becomes troublesome.Therefore,two sufficient conditions are derived to manage this problem with the nonlinear feedback system as well as that with the uncertain nonlinear feedback system under the definition of Lipschitz norm.A simulation of temperature control is given to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
