Climate va riability is an important factor leading to spatial and temporal changes in structu re and functions of plant communities.Exploring the temporal stability of communities in response to climate variability i...Climate va riability is an important factor leading to spatial and temporal changes in structu re and functions of plant communities.Exploring the temporal stability of communities in response to climate variability is essential for further evaluating the impacts of climate change to ecosystem functions and services.Current research on climate variability mainly focuses on plot-scale experiments(alpha scale),while how it impacts the long-term stability of a metacommunity(gamma scale) still needs further study.We analyzed the effects of climate variability on the temporal stability of plant communities at alpha and gamma scales based on a long-term observation of plant cover from 1938 to 1968 in a mixed-grass prairie in Kansas,western United States.展开更多
Objective:To assess the pharmaceutical quality of different brands of metronidazole manufactured,available and prescribed by the doctors of Peshawar,Pakistan.Methods:Different film-coated metronidazole products manufa...Objective:To assess the pharmaceutical quality of different brands of metronidazole manufactured,available and prescribed by the doctors of Peshawar,Pakistan.Methods:Different film-coated metronidazole products manufactured by multinational and national pharmaceutical industries and prescribed by the doctors were collected from Peshawar,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan.Their hysico-chemical properties were assessed,which included friability,hardness,disintegration,dissolution and weight variation tests according to the the United States Pharmacopoeia(USP)standards.Results:All the brands showed a average weight of 5.74 g for 13 tablets(products A-M).Product J had the highest weight and products D and E failed the hardness,friability and disintegration time according to USP standards.Products M,K and G,L failed disintegration test and dissolution test,respectively.Weight variation of all the products proved statistically that they were in accordance with the standards of USP.Conclusions:The study suggested that products A,F,H and J passed all the tests according to the USP standards while the rest of them did not fulfill the standards specification.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32025025,U1910207,32201302)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M700229)
文摘Climate va riability is an important factor leading to spatial and temporal changes in structu re and functions of plant communities.Exploring the temporal stability of communities in response to climate variability is essential for further evaluating the impacts of climate change to ecosystem functions and services.Current research on climate variability mainly focuses on plot-scale experiments(alpha scale),while how it impacts the long-term stability of a metacommunity(gamma scale) still needs further study.We analyzed the effects of climate variability on the temporal stability of plant communities at alpha and gamma scales based on a long-term observation of plant cover from 1938 to 1968 in a mixed-grass prairie in Kansas,western United States.
文摘Objective:To assess the pharmaceutical quality of different brands of metronidazole manufactured,available and prescribed by the doctors of Peshawar,Pakistan.Methods:Different film-coated metronidazole products manufactured by multinational and national pharmaceutical industries and prescribed by the doctors were collected from Peshawar,Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,Pakistan.Their hysico-chemical properties were assessed,which included friability,hardness,disintegration,dissolution and weight variation tests according to the the United States Pharmacopoeia(USP)standards.Results:All the brands showed a average weight of 5.74 g for 13 tablets(products A-M).Product J had the highest weight and products D and E failed the hardness,friability and disintegration time according to USP standards.Products M,K and G,L failed disintegration test and dissolution test,respectively.Weight variation of all the products proved statistically that they were in accordance with the standards of USP.Conclusions:The study suggested that products A,F,H and J passed all the tests according to the USP standards while the rest of them did not fulfill the standards specification.
