Filters,as a key component in the photoelectric detection system,can simplify the optical system and improve detection efficiency.Based on the usage requirements,a visible/near-infrared filter film with up to 5 waveba...Filters,as a key component in the photoelectric detection system,can simplify the optical system and improve detection efficiency.Based on the usage requirements,a visible/near-infrared filter film with up to 5 wavebands needs to be designed and prepared,while simultaneously satisfying high reflection in 2 wave-bands and high transmittance in 3 wavebands.Therefore,we have conducted a systematic study on the film design,thin film preparation process,and control accuracy of film layer thickness.In this work,the short-wave pass film system is superimposed with the long-wave pass film system,and the number of cycles and matching coefficient of the film system are tuned to meet the requirements of cut-off band.Additionally,Smith method was used to match bandpass film system to optimize the transmission band and complete the visible/near infrared multiband laser filter film design.In the preparation process,combined with the sensitiv-ity of the film layer,inverse analysis is used to invert the film layer monitored by each optical monitoring chip.The optical control scheme with weak optical signal in the monitoring process is simulated and correc-ted,and the monitoring wavelength with stronger optical signal is matched,resulting in an improvement of the control accuracy for the film thickness and the transmittance in the specified wavelength range.Ulti-mately,the actual physical thickness is 9.66μm,and the error with the theoretical design thickness is less than 0.4%,and the transmittance of the specified 3 wavebands exceeds 99%.The average transmittance of the cut-off bands at the 455−500 nm and 910−1000 nm is 0.45% and 0.16%,respectively.展开更多
Magnesium hydride(MgH_(2)) demonstrates immense potential as a solid-state hydrogen storage material,while its commercial utilization is impeded by the elevated operating temperature and sluggish reaction kinetics.Her...Magnesium hydride(MgH_(2)) demonstrates immense potential as a solid-state hydrogen storage material,while its commercial utilization is impeded by the elevated operating temperature and sluggish reaction kinetics.Herein,a MOF derived multi-phase FeNi_(3)-S catalyst was specially designed for efficient hydrogen storage in MgH_(2).Experiments confirmed that the incorporation of FeNi_(3)-S into MgH_(2) significantly lowered the desorption temperature and accelerated the kinetics of hydrogen desorption and reabsorption.The initial dehydrogenation temperature of the MgH_(2)+10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite was 202 ℃,which was 123 ℃ lower than that of pure MgH_(2).At 325 ℃,the MgH_(2)+10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite released 6.57 wt% H_(2)(fully dehydrogenated) within 1000 s.Remarkably,MgH_(2)+ 10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite initiated rehydrogenation at room temperature and rapidly absorbed 2.49 wt% H_(2) within 30 min at 100 ℃.Moreover,6.3 wt% H_(2) was still retained after 20 cycles at 300 ℃,demonstrating the superior cycling performance of the MgH_(2)+10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite.The activation energy fitting calculations further evidenced the addition of FeNi_(3)-S enhanced the de/resorption kinetics of MgH_(2)(E_(a)= 98.6 k J/mol and 43.3 k J/mol,respectively).Through phase and microstructural analysis,it was determined that the exceptional hydrogen storage performance of the composite was attributed to the in-situ formation of Mg/Mg_(2)Ni + Fe/MgS and MgH_(2)/Mg_(2)NiH_(4)+Fe/MgS hydrogen storage systems.Further mechanistic analysis revealed that Mg_(2)Ni/Mg_(2)NiH_(4) served as “hydrogen pump” and Fe/Mg S served as “hydrogen diffusion channel”,thus accelerating the dissociation and recombination of hydrogen molecules.In conclusion,this work offers insight into catalysts combining transition metal alloys and transition metal sulfide for exerting muti-phase synergistic effect on boosting the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation reactions of MgH_(2),which can also inspire future pioneering work on designing and fabricating high efficient catalysts in other energy storage related areas.展开更多
New-skeleton terpenoids have prompted considerable interest owing to their chemical and biological significance.A chemical study on the bark of Croton laui led to the isolation and identification of a new norsesterter...New-skeleton terpenoids have prompted considerable interest owing to their chemical and biological significance.A chemical study on the bark of Croton laui led to the isolation and identification of a new norsesterterpenoid,crolatinoid A(1),and two new neoclerodane diterpenoids,crolatinoids B and C(2 and 3).Structurally,compound 1 exhibits an unprecedented 12,17-cyclo20-nor phenyllabdane skeleton.Compound 2 features a novel 19(5→4)-abeo-3,5-cycloneoclerodane skeleton,which is hypothetically derived from precursor 3 through an oxa-di-π-methane rearrangement process.Furthermore,compound 1 demonstrated a significant capacity to reverse multidrug resistance in paclitaxel-resistant HCT-15 cells with a reversal fold value of 16.All three compounds displayed adipogenesis inhibition in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.展开更多
Lysine-targeting reversible covalent inhibitors,particularly salicylaldehyde-based compounds such as the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved drug Voxelotor,exhibit significant therapeutic potential but are limi...Lysine-targeting reversible covalent inhibitors,particularly salicylaldehyde-based compounds such as the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved drug Voxelotor,exhibit significant therapeutic potential but are limited by challenges including instability and off-target effects.To overcome these limitations in kinase inhibitor A5,we devised a pH-responsive prodrug strategy by masking its reactive aldehyde group with an acid-labile hydrazone linkage and enhancing intracellular delivery through conjugation with FK506.The optimized prodrug demonstrated robust antitumor efficacy in K562 tumor-bearing mice.Furthermore,the incorporation of the photosensitizer chlorin e6(Ce6)led to the formation of self-assembled nanoparticles(AKNP),which not only improved physiological stability and prolonged tumor retention but also enabled light-triggered release of A5 in conjunction with photodynamic therapy(PDT).Our study thus presents a promising prodrug self-assembly strategy that combines the on-demand release of a novel lysine-targeting,reversible covalent kinase inhibitor with PDT in clinical cancer therapy.展开更多
The nervous system function requires a precise but plastic neural architecture.The neuronal shape dictates how neurons interact with each other and with other cells,being the morphology of dendrites and axons the cent...The nervous system function requires a precise but plastic neural architecture.The neuronal shape dictates how neurons interact with each other and with other cells,being the morphology of dendrites and axons the central determinant of the functional properties of neurons and neural circuits.The topological and structural morphology of axons and dendrites defines and determines how synapses are conformed.The morphological diversity of axon and dendrite arborization governs the neuron’s inputs,synaptic integration,neuronal computation,signal transmission,and network circuitry,hence defining the particular connectivity and function of the different brain areas.展开更多
Current thermochromic materials for smart windows suffer from poor environmental stability,lack of self-healing and recyclability,and susceptibility to contamination.In this study,thermochromic supramolecular ionogels...Current thermochromic materials for smart windows suffer from poor environmental stability,lack of self-healing and recyclability,and susceptibility to contamination.In this study,thermochromic supramolecular ionogels with excellent environmental stability,efficient room-temperature self-healing and recyclability properties,as well as amphiphobic slippery surfaces,are fabricated by incorporating binary ionic liquids into a rationally designed self-healing polyurethane with perfluoroalkyl side chains.The outstanding and stable thermochromic performance of the resulting ionogels stems from the hydrogen bond-mediated,confined,and reversible phase separation of ionic liquids within the polyurethane network,enabling the ionogels to effectively reduce indoor temperatures and enhance the comfort of occupants.The surface-enriched perfluoroalkyl side chains enable various liquids,including water,alkanes,and edible oils,to easily slide off the ionogel surface without leaving any residue,preventing the transmittance decrease and thermochromic performance degradation caused by contaminations.The dynamic hydrogen bonds within the polyurethane network enable the ionogels to repeatedly heal physical and chemical damages,as well as to be recycled multiple times without performance loss,thereby reducing maintenance costs and minimizing material waste.This study provides a novel approach to developing advanced thermochromic materials for smart windows,potentially improving the building energy efficiency and sustainability.展开更多
Unwarranted death of neurons is a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases.Since mature neurons are postmitotic and do not replicate,their death usually constitutes an irreversible step in pathology.A logical strateg...Unwarranted death of neurons is a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases.Since mature neurons are postmitotic and do not replicate,their death usually constitutes an irreversible step in pathology.A logical strategy to prevent neurodegeneration would then be to save all neurons that are still alive,i.e.protecting the ones that are still healthy as well as trying to rescue the ones that are damaged and in the process of dying.Regarding the latter,recent experiments have indicated that the possibility of reversing the cell death process and rescuing dying cells is more significant than previously anticipated.In many situations,the elimination of the cell death trigger alone enables dying cells to spontaneously repair their damage,recover,and survive.In this review,we explore the factors,which determine the fate of neurons engaged in the cell death process.A deeper insight into cell death mechanisms and the intrinsic capacity of cells to recover could pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to neurodegenerative diseases.展开更多
Conversion-type electrode materials hold significant promise for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to their high theoretical capacities,yet their practical deployment is hindered by sluggish kinetics and irreversible s...Conversion-type electrode materials hold significant promise for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to their high theoretical capacities,yet their practical deployment is hindered by sluggish kinetics and irreversible structural degradation.To overcome these limitations,we propose a rationally engineered nanoreactor architecture that stabilizes defect-rich MoS_(2)via interlayer incorporation of a carbon monolayer,followed by encapsulation within a nitrogen-doped carbon shell,forming a MoSSe@NC heterostructure.This tailored structure synergistically accelerates both K^(+)diffusion kinetics and electron transfer,enabling unprecedented rate performance(107 mAh g^(-1)at 10 Ag^(-1))and ultralong cyclability(86.5%capacity retention after 1200 cycles at 3 A g^(-1)).Mechanistic insights reveal a distinctive“adsorption-conversion”pathway,where sulfur vacancies on exposed S-Mo-S basal planes act as preferential K^(+)adsorption sites,effectively suppressing parasitic phase transitions during intercalation.In situ X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy corroborate the structural reversibility of the conversion reaction,with the carbon matrix dynamically accommodating strain while preserving electrode integrity.This work not only advances the understanding of defect-driven interfacial chemistry in conversion-type materials but also provides a versatile strategy for designing high-performance anodes in next-generation PIBs through heterostructure engineering.展开更多
Message structure reconstruction is a critical task in protocol reverse engineering,aiming to recover protocol field structures without access to source code.It enables important applications in network security,inclu...Message structure reconstruction is a critical task in protocol reverse engineering,aiming to recover protocol field structures without access to source code.It enables important applications in network security,including malware analysis and protocol fuzzing.However,existing methods suffer from inaccurate field boundary delineation and lack hierarchical relationship recovery,resulting in imprecise and incomplete reconstructions.In this paper,we propose ProRE,a novel method for reconstructing protocol field structures based on program execution slice embedding.ProRE extracts code slices from protocol parsing at runtime,converts them into embedding vectors using a data flow-sensitive assembly language model,and performs hierarchical clustering to recover complete protocol field structures.Evaluation on two datasets containing 12 protocols shows that ProRE achieves an average F1 score of 0.85 and a cophenetic correlation coefficient of 0.189,improving by 19%and 0.126%respectively over state-of-the-art methods(including BinPRE,Tupni,Netlifter,and QwQ-32B-preview),demonstrating significant superiority in both accuracy and completeness of field structure recovery.Case studies further validate the effectiveness of ProRE in practical malware analysis scenarios.展开更多
Aircraft assembly is characterized by stringent precedence constraints,limited resource availability,spatial restrictions,and a high degree of manual intervention.These factors lead to considerable variability in oper...Aircraft assembly is characterized by stringent precedence constraints,limited resource availability,spatial restrictions,and a high degree of manual intervention.These factors lead to considerable variability in operator workloads and significantly increase the complexity of scheduling.To address this challenge,this study investigates the Aircraft Pulsating Assembly Line Scheduling Problem(APALSP)under skilled operator allocation,with the objective of minimizing assembly completion time.A mathematical model considering skilled operator allocation is developed,and a Q-Learning improved Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm(QLPSO)is proposed.In the algorithm design,a reverse scheduling strategy is adopted to effectively manage large-scale precedence constraints.Moreover,a reverse sequence encoding method is introduced to generate operation sequences,while a time decoding mechanism is employed to determine completion times.The problem is further reformulated as a Markov Decision Process(MDP)with explicitly defined state and action spaces.Within QLPSO,the Q-learning mechanism adaptively adjusts inertia weights and learning factors,thereby achieving a balance between exploration capability and convergence performance.To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach,extensive computational experiments are conducted on benchmark instances of different scales,including small,medium,large,and ultra-large cases.The results demonstrate that QLPSO consistently delivers stable and high-quality solutions across all scenarios.In ultra-large-scale instances,it improves the best solution by 25.2%compared with the Genetic Algorithm(GA)and enhances the average solution by 16.9%over the Q-learning algorithm,showing clear advantages over the comparative methods.These findings not only confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm but also provide valuable theoretical references and practical guidance for the intelligent scheduling optimization of aircraft pulsating assembly lines.展开更多
Developing effective,versatile,and high-precision sensing interfaces remains a crucial challenge in human-machine-environment interaction applications.Despite progress in interaction-oriented sensing skins,limitations...Developing effective,versatile,and high-precision sensing interfaces remains a crucial challenge in human-machine-environment interaction applications.Despite progress in interaction-oriented sensing skins,limitations remain in unit-level reconfiguration,multiaxial force and motion sensing,and robust operation across dynamically changing or irregular surfaces.Herein,we develop a reconfigurable omnidirectional triboelectric whisker sensor array(RO-TWSA)comprising multiple sensing units that integrate a triboelectric whisker structure(TWS)with an untethered hydro-sealing vacuum sucker(UHSVS),enabling reversibly portable deployment and omnidirectional perception across diverse surfaces.Using a simple dual-triangular electrode layout paired with MXene/silicone nanocomposite dielectric layer,the sensor unit achieves precise omnidirectional force and motion sensing with a detection threshold as low as 0.024 N and an angular resolution of 5°,while the UHSVS provides reliable and reversible multi-surface anchoring for the sensor units by involving a newly designed hydrogel combining high mechanical robustness and superior water absorption.Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of RO-TWSA across various interactive scenarios,including teleoperation,tactile diagnostics,and robotic autonomous exploration.Overall,RO-TWSA presents a versatile and high-resolution tactile interface,offering new avenues for intelligent perception and interaction in complex real-world environments.展开更多
Raw water temperature can fluctuate significantly throughout the year,with peaks above 30℃in summer and below 15℃in winter.Traditional desalination systems(e.g.,reverse osmosis,RO)face challenges under these varying...Raw water temperature can fluctuate significantly throughout the year,with peaks above 30℃in summer and below 15℃in winter.Traditional desalination systems(e.g.,reverse osmosis,RO)face challenges under these varying temperature conditions.Specifically,while the RO system performs well under high temperatures,its efficiency decreases sharply at lower temperatures.Membrane capacitive deionization(MCDI)is considered as an emergent and promising technology for brackish water desalination.While plenty of studies have been devoted to investigating the impacts of raw water properties(e.g.,salinity,coexisting ions,and natural organic matter)on MCDI performance,the role of water temperatures during the desalination remains under-explored.In this study,we first tested and determined the optimized MCDI operation parameters,such as the cell voltage and feedwater flow rate.Key findings showed that MCDI’s salt removal efficiency remains unaffected by feedwater temperature fluctuations.However,as feedwater temperature increases from 15℃to 40℃,the specific energy consumption for desalination slightly rises by 16.3%,and current efficiency drops by 14.1%.Compared to RO systems,the resilience of MCDI to temperature fluctuations makes it a preferable choice for brackish water treatment in areas with a large temperature difference.展开更多
BACKGROUND The optimal surgical approach for patients with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis(GHOA)and an intact rotator cuff remains debated.While anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty(TSA)has traditionally been favo...BACKGROUND The optimal surgical approach for patients with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis(GHOA)and an intact rotator cuff remains debated.While anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty(TSA)has traditionally been favoured,reverse TSA(RTSA)is increasingly utilized.AIM To systematically compare the outcomes of RTSA and TSA in this specific patient population.METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.Retrospective comparative studies evaluating RTSA and TSA in patients with GHOA and intact rotator cuff were included.Key outcomes assessed included complication and reoperation rates,patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs),and range of motion.Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool.RESULTS Twelve studies encompassing 1608 patients(580 RTSA,1028 TSA)met inclusion criteria.RTSA was associated with a lower reoperation rate compared to TSA[odds ratio=0.37;95%confidence interval(CI):0.14-0.94;P value=0.04],while no significant difference in overall complication rates was observed(odds ratio=0.47;95%CI:0.19-1.16;P value=0.10).RTSA patients showed superior outcomes in University of California Los Angeles,Simple Shoulder Test,and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index scores;however,the differences did not exceed the minimal clinically important difference.TSA patients had significantly better external rotation(mean difference=-9.0°;95%CI:-13.21 to-5.02;P value<0.0001).No significant differences were found in other range of motion measures or satisfaction scores.The overall methodological quality of included studies was moderate to serious.CONCLUSION In patients with GHOA and an intact rotator cuff,RTSA may offer comparable or improved outcomes to TSA with lower reoperation rates and similar complication profiles.Functional outcomes favour RTSA in certain patientreported outcome measures,while TSA retains an advantage in external rotation.Surgical decision-making should remain individualized based on patient characteristics and functional demands.展开更多
Reversible data hiding(RDH)enables secret data embedding while preserving complete cover image recovery,making it crucial for applications requiring image integrity.The pixel value ordering(PVO)technique used in multi...Reversible data hiding(RDH)enables secret data embedding while preserving complete cover image recovery,making it crucial for applications requiring image integrity.The pixel value ordering(PVO)technique used in multi-stego images provides good image quality but often results in low embedding capability.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a high-capacity RDH scheme based on PVO that generates three stego images from a single cover image.The cover image is partitioned into non-overlapping blocks with pixels sorted in ascending order.Four secret bits are embedded into each block’s maximum pixel value,while three additional bits are embedded into the second-largest value when the pixel difference exceeds a predefined threshold.A similar embedding strategy is also applied to the minimum side of the block,including the second-smallest pixel value.This design enables each block to embed up to 14 bits of secret data.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves significantly higher embedding capacity and improved visual quality compared to existing triple-stego RDH approaches,advancing the field of reversible steganography.展开更多
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)exciplexes,constituted of donor-acceptor moieties,have garnered mounting interest because of their promising potential to obtain high-performance electroluminescent device...Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)exciplexes,constituted of donor-acceptor moieties,have garnered mounting interest because of their promising potential to obtain high-performance electroluminescent devices.However,the moderate reverse intersystem crossing(RISC)of current reported exciplex systems and the lack of clear molecular design concepts to improve this situation have distinctly hindered the further use of exciplexes in organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).Herein,we conduct an exploration of exciplex systems founded upon[2,2]paracyclophane(PCP)-containing donor molecules and a triazine acceptor,which exhibit very fast RISC processes with a rate constant(k_(RISC))up to 8.3×10^(6) s^(-1)benefiting from the efficient interactions between the donor and acceptor fragments induced by the peripheral spatial-blocking of PCP group.Utilizing these deep-blue exciplexes as hosts and a multiple resonance(MR)molecule as emitter,pure-blue narrowband OLEDs with CIE coordinates of(0.124,0.137),a full-width at half-maximum(FWHM)of 23 nm,and a high external quantum efficiency(EQE)of around 30%are accessed.This study paves the way for developing blue OLEDs using PCP-based exciplex materials with an enhanced RISC process.展开更多
To enhance power flow regulation in scenarios involving large-scale renewable energy transmission via high-voltage direct current(HVDC)links and multi-infeed DC systems in load-center regions,this paper proposes a hyb...To enhance power flow regulation in scenarios involving large-scale renewable energy transmission via high-voltage direct current(HVDC)links and multi-infeed DC systems in load-center regions,this paper proposes a hybrid modular multilevel converter–capacitor-commutated line-commutated converter(MMC-CLCC)HVDC transmission system and its corresponding control strategy.First,the system topology is constructed,and a submodule configuration method for the MMC—combining full-bridge submodules(FBSMs)and half-bridge submodules(HBSMs)—is proposed to enable direct power flow reversal.Second,a hierarchical control strategy is introduced,includingMMCvoltage control,CLCC current control,and a coordinationmechanism,along with the derivation of the hybrid system’s power flow reversal characteristics.Third,leveraging the CLCC’s fast current regulation and theMMC’s negative voltage control capability,a coordinated power flow reversal control strategy is developed.Finally,an 800 kV MMC-CLCC hybrid HVDC system is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC to validate the power flow reversal performance under a high proportion of full-bridge submodule configuration.Results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy enables rapid(1-s transition)and smooth switching of bidirectional power flow without modifying the structure of primary equipment:the transient fluctuation ofDC voltage from the rated value(UdcN)to themaximumreverse voltage(-kUdcN)is less than 5%;the DC current strictly follows the preset characteristic curve with a deviation of≤3%;the active power reverses continuously,and the system maintains stable operation throughout the reversal process.展开更多
Hard carbon(HC)is widely used in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but its performance has always been limited by lowinitial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and cycling stability.Cathode compensation agent is a favorable strategy t...Hard carbon(HC)is widely used in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but its performance has always been limited by lowinitial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and cycling stability.Cathode compensation agent is a favorable strategy to make up for the loss of active sodium ions consumed byHCanode.Yet it lacks agent that effectively decomposes to increase the active sodium ions as well as regulate carbon defects for decreasing the irreversible sodium ions consumption.Here,we propose 1,2-dihydroxybenzene Na salt(NaDB)as a cathode compensation agent with high specific capacity(347.9 mAh g^(-1)),lower desodiation potential(2.4–2.8 V)and high utilization(99%).Meanwhile,its byproduct could functionalize HC with more C=O groups and promote its reversible capacity.Consequently,the presodiation hard carbon(pHC)anode exhibits highly reversible capacity of 204.7 mAh g^(-1) with 98%retention at 5 C rate over 1000 cycles.Moreover,with 5 wt%NaDB initially coated on the Na3V2(PO4)3(NVP)cathode,the capacity retention of NVP + NaDB|HC cell could increase from 22%to 89%after 1000 cycles at 1 C rate.This work provides a new avenue to improve reversible capacity and cycling performance of SIBs through designing functional cathode compensation agent.展开更多
Reversible solid oxide cell(RSOC)is a new energy conversion device with significant applications,especially for power grid peaking shaving.However,the reversible conversion process of power generation/energy storage p...Reversible solid oxide cell(RSOC)is a new energy conversion device with significant applications,especially for power grid peaking shaving.However,the reversible conversion process of power generation/energy storage poses challenges for the performance and stability of air electrodes.In this work,a novel high-entropy perovskite oxide La_(0.2)Pr_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Sr_(0.2)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3−δ)(HE-LSCF)is proposed and investigated as an air electrode in RSOC.The electrochemical behavior of HE-LSCF was studied as an air electrode in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes.The polarization impedance(Rp)of the HE-LSCF electrode is only 0.25Ω·cm^(2) at 800℃ in an air atmosphere.Notably,at an electrolytic voltage of 2 V and a temperature of 800℃,the current density reaches up to 1.68 A/cm^(2).The HE-LSCF air electrode exhibited excellent reversibility and stability,and its electrochemical performance remains stable after 100 h of reversible operation.With these advantages,HE-LSCF is shown to be an excellent air electrode for RSOC.展开更多
Obtaining high magnetic properties in high Ce-content magnets is essential to expand the widespread application of low-cost magnets.In this study,high Ce-content magnets with up to 45%Ce substitution for Nd were prepa...Obtaining high magnetic properties in high Ce-content magnets is essential to expand the widespread application of low-cost magnets.In this study,high Ce-content magnets with up to 45%Ce substitution for Nd were prepared by combining the single/dual/multi-main-phase processes with the Dy-containing grain boundary diffusion process(GBDP).The effects of base magnets with different Ce distributions on GBDP were systematically investigated.Magnetic properties and micro structure analysis reveal that high-performance multi-main-phase(MMP)diffused magnets with remanence(Br)up to 12.52 kGs,coercivity up to 16.08 kOe,and maximum magnetic energy product up to 36.44 MGOe are obtained,which is attributed to the regulation of Ce by the MMP process,and the optimization of microstructure by Gd-Cu alloy.Meanwhile,the diffusion efficiency is significantly improved because of Ce being restricted to the grain core,which promotes the formation of a continuous structure at the grain boundaries,and the formation of a continuous multilayer shell grain structure with high anisotropy field,while the Br of the diffused magnet is maintained.Besides,magnetic domain analysis shows that the MMP diffused magnet effectively suppresses the nucleation of demagnetized domains and enhances the pinning effect of domain walls.The study establishes an experimental foundation for the development of sintered high Ce-content magnets showcasing superior performance.展开更多
The austenite(γ)reversely transformed from lath martensite(LM),lath bainite(LB),granular bainite(GB)and pearlite+ferrite(P+F)in a high-strength steel was studied at high temperatures using in-situ electron backscatte...The austenite(γ)reversely transformed from lath martensite(LM),lath bainite(LB),granular bainite(GB)and pearlite+ferrite(P+F)in a high-strength steel was studied at high temperatures using in-situ electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).The memory effect of initial γ significantly affects the nucleation of the reverted γ in LM and GB structures,while a weak influence on that of LB and P+F structures.This results in a significant difference in γ grain size after complete austenitization,with the first two obtaining larger γ grains while the latter two are relatively small.Crystallographic analysis revealed that the reverted γ with acicular morphology(γA),most of which maintained the same orientation with the prior γ,dominated the reaustenitization behavior of LM and GB structures through preferential nucleation within γ grains and coalesced growth modes.Although globular reverted γ(γ_(G))with random orientation or large deviation from the prior γ can nucleate at the grain boundaries or within the grains,it is difficult for it to grow and play a role in segmenting and refining the prior γ due to the inhibition of γ_(A) coalescing.For LB and P+F structures,the nucleation rate of intragranular γ_(G) increases with increasing temperature,and always shows a random orientation.These γ_(G) grains can coarsen simultaneously with the intergranular γ_(G),ultimately playing a role in jointly dividing and refining the finalγgrains.Research also found that the differences in the effects of four different microstructures on revertedγnucleation are closely related to the variant selection of the matrix structure,as well as the content and size of cementite(θ).High density of block boundaries induced by weakening of variant selection and many fineθformed in the lath are the key to promoting LB structure to obtain more intragranular γ_(G) formation,as well as the important role of the large-sized θ in P+F structure.展开更多
文摘Filters,as a key component in the photoelectric detection system,can simplify the optical system and improve detection efficiency.Based on the usage requirements,a visible/near-infrared filter film with up to 5 wavebands needs to be designed and prepared,while simultaneously satisfying high reflection in 2 wave-bands and high transmittance in 3 wavebands.Therefore,we have conducted a systematic study on the film design,thin film preparation process,and control accuracy of film layer thickness.In this work,the short-wave pass film system is superimposed with the long-wave pass film system,and the number of cycles and matching coefficient of the film system are tuned to meet the requirements of cut-off band.Additionally,Smith method was used to match bandpass film system to optimize the transmission band and complete the visible/near infrared multiband laser filter film design.In the preparation process,combined with the sensitiv-ity of the film layer,inverse analysis is used to invert the film layer monitored by each optical monitoring chip.The optical control scheme with weak optical signal in the monitoring process is simulated and correc-ted,and the monitoring wavelength with stronger optical signal is matched,resulting in an improvement of the control accuracy for the film thickness and the transmittance in the specified wavelength range.Ulti-mately,the actual physical thickness is 9.66μm,and the error with the theoretical design thickness is less than 0.4%,and the transmittance of the specified 3 wavebands exceeds 99%.The average transmittance of the cut-off bands at the 455−500 nm and 910−1000 nm is 0.45% and 0.16%,respectively.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No.2022YFB3803703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52071141,52271212,52201250,51771056,22305104)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No.BK20210893)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (No.G2023014022L)。
文摘Magnesium hydride(MgH_(2)) demonstrates immense potential as a solid-state hydrogen storage material,while its commercial utilization is impeded by the elevated operating temperature and sluggish reaction kinetics.Herein,a MOF derived multi-phase FeNi_(3)-S catalyst was specially designed for efficient hydrogen storage in MgH_(2).Experiments confirmed that the incorporation of FeNi_(3)-S into MgH_(2) significantly lowered the desorption temperature and accelerated the kinetics of hydrogen desorption and reabsorption.The initial dehydrogenation temperature of the MgH_(2)+10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite was 202 ℃,which was 123 ℃ lower than that of pure MgH_(2).At 325 ℃,the MgH_(2)+10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite released 6.57 wt% H_(2)(fully dehydrogenated) within 1000 s.Remarkably,MgH_(2)+ 10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite initiated rehydrogenation at room temperature and rapidly absorbed 2.49 wt% H_(2) within 30 min at 100 ℃.Moreover,6.3 wt% H_(2) was still retained after 20 cycles at 300 ℃,demonstrating the superior cycling performance of the MgH_(2)+10 wt% FeNi_(3)-S composite.The activation energy fitting calculations further evidenced the addition of FeNi_(3)-S enhanced the de/resorption kinetics of MgH_(2)(E_(a)= 98.6 k J/mol and 43.3 k J/mol,respectively).Through phase and microstructural analysis,it was determined that the exceptional hydrogen storage performance of the composite was attributed to the in-situ formation of Mg/Mg_(2)Ni + Fe/MgS and MgH_(2)/Mg_(2)NiH_(4)+Fe/MgS hydrogen storage systems.Further mechanistic analysis revealed that Mg_(2)Ni/Mg_(2)NiH_(4) served as “hydrogen pump” and Fe/Mg S served as “hydrogen diffusion channel”,thus accelerating the dissociation and recombination of hydrogen molecules.In conclusion,this work offers insight into catalysts combining transition metal alloys and transition metal sulfide for exerting muti-phase synergistic effect on boosting the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation reactions of MgH_(2),which can also inspire future pioneering work on designing and fabricating high efficient catalysts in other energy storage related areas.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFE0206100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22237007 and T2192972)+1 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(No.2022282)Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica of CAS(No.SIMM0120231002)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘New-skeleton terpenoids have prompted considerable interest owing to their chemical and biological significance.A chemical study on the bark of Croton laui led to the isolation and identification of a new norsesterterpenoid,crolatinoid A(1),and two new neoclerodane diterpenoids,crolatinoids B and C(2 and 3).Structurally,compound 1 exhibits an unprecedented 12,17-cyclo20-nor phenyllabdane skeleton.Compound 2 features a novel 19(5→4)-abeo-3,5-cycloneoclerodane skeleton,which is hypothetically derived from precursor 3 through an oxa-di-π-methane rearrangement process.Furthermore,compound 1 demonstrated a significant capacity to reverse multidrug resistance in paclitaxel-resistant HCT-15 cells with a reversal fold value of 16.All three compounds displayed adipogenesis inhibition in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
基金supported by the grants from National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFA1104800)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20210324124214038)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072418,82300016)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2023A1515140072)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neural Cell Reprogramming and Drug Research,Social Development Science and Technology Key Project of Dongguan(No.20231800940512)the National Medical Research Council(NMRC,No.23-0740-A0001)the Ministry of Education(MOE,No.T2EP10222-0002)of Singapore.
文摘Lysine-targeting reversible covalent inhibitors,particularly salicylaldehyde-based compounds such as the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)-approved drug Voxelotor,exhibit significant therapeutic potential but are limited by challenges including instability and off-target effects.To overcome these limitations in kinase inhibitor A5,we devised a pH-responsive prodrug strategy by masking its reactive aldehyde group with an acid-labile hydrazone linkage and enhancing intracellular delivery through conjugation with FK506.The optimized prodrug demonstrated robust antitumor efficacy in K562 tumor-bearing mice.Furthermore,the incorporation of the photosensitizer chlorin e6(Ce6)led to the formation of self-assembled nanoparticles(AKNP),which not only improved physiological stability and prolonged tumor retention but also enabled light-triggered release of A5 in conjunction with photodynamic therapy(PDT).Our study thus presents a promising prodrug self-assembly strategy that combines the on-demand release of a novel lysine-targeting,reversible covalent kinase inhibitor with PDT in clinical cancer therapy.
基金supported by the Wellcome Trust(grant No.103852).
文摘The nervous system function requires a precise but plastic neural architecture.The neuronal shape dictates how neurons interact with each other and with other cells,being the morphology of dendrites and axons the central determinant of the functional properties of neurons and neural circuits.The topological and structural morphology of axons and dendrites defines and determines how synapses are conformed.The morphological diversity of axon and dendrite arborization governs the neuron’s inputs,synaptic integration,neuronal computation,signal transmission,and network circuitry,hence defining the particular connectivity and function of the different brain areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22475082,21971083)。
文摘Current thermochromic materials for smart windows suffer from poor environmental stability,lack of self-healing and recyclability,and susceptibility to contamination.In this study,thermochromic supramolecular ionogels with excellent environmental stability,efficient room-temperature self-healing and recyclability properties,as well as amphiphobic slippery surfaces,are fabricated by incorporating binary ionic liquids into a rationally designed self-healing polyurethane with perfluoroalkyl side chains.The outstanding and stable thermochromic performance of the resulting ionogels stems from the hydrogen bond-mediated,confined,and reversible phase separation of ionic liquids within the polyurethane network,enabling the ionogels to effectively reduce indoor temperatures and enhance the comfort of occupants.The surface-enriched perfluoroalkyl side chains enable various liquids,including water,alkanes,and edible oils,to easily slide off the ionogel surface without leaving any residue,preventing the transmittance decrease and thermochromic performance degradation caused by contaminations.The dynamic hydrogen bonds within the polyurethane network enable the ionogels to repeatedly heal physical and chemical damages,as well as to be recycled multiple times without performance loss,thereby reducing maintenance costs and minimizing material waste.This study provides a novel approach to developing advanced thermochromic materials for smart windows,potentially improving the building energy efficiency and sustainability.
基金supported by the following foundations:“Stichting Oogfonds Nederland(No.2023-26)”the“Landelijke Stichting voor Blinden en Slechtzienden(No.2023-24)”that contributed through UitZicht,ZonMw grant(No.435005020)a grant of the Chinese Scholarship Council(No.201809110169)(to TGMFG,CPMR,and WY).
文摘Unwarranted death of neurons is a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases.Since mature neurons are postmitotic and do not replicate,their death usually constitutes an irreversible step in pathology.A logical strategy to prevent neurodegeneration would then be to save all neurons that are still alive,i.e.protecting the ones that are still healthy as well as trying to rescue the ones that are damaged and in the process of dying.Regarding the latter,recent experiments have indicated that the possibility of reversing the cell death process and rescuing dying cells is more significant than previously anticipated.In many situations,the elimination of the cell death trigger alone enables dying cells to spontaneously repair their damage,recover,and survive.In this review,we explore the factors,which determine the fate of neurons engaged in the cell death process.A deeper insight into cell death mechanisms and the intrinsic capacity of cells to recover could pave the way for novel therapeutic approaches to neurodegenerative diseases.
基金financially supported by the supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2024MB108)Taishan Young Scholar Program(tsqn202312312)Excellent Young Scholars of the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Overseas)(2023HWYQ-112)。
文摘Conversion-type electrode materials hold significant promise for potassium-ion batteries(PIBs)due to their high theoretical capacities,yet their practical deployment is hindered by sluggish kinetics and irreversible structural degradation.To overcome these limitations,we propose a rationally engineered nanoreactor architecture that stabilizes defect-rich MoS_(2)via interlayer incorporation of a carbon monolayer,followed by encapsulation within a nitrogen-doped carbon shell,forming a MoSSe@NC heterostructure.This tailored structure synergistically accelerates both K^(+)diffusion kinetics and electron transfer,enabling unprecedented rate performance(107 mAh g^(-1)at 10 Ag^(-1))and ultralong cyclability(86.5%capacity retention after 1200 cycles at 3 A g^(-1)).Mechanistic insights reveal a distinctive“adsorption-conversion”pathway,where sulfur vacancies on exposed S-Mo-S basal planes act as preferential K^(+)adsorption sites,effectively suppressing parasitic phase transitions during intercalation.In situ X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy corroborate the structural reversibility of the conversion reaction,with the carbon matrix dynamically accommodating strain while preserving electrode integrity.This work not only advances the understanding of defect-driven interfacial chemistry in conversion-type materials but also provides a versatile strategy for designing high-performance anodes in next-generation PIBs through heterostructure engineering.
文摘Message structure reconstruction is a critical task in protocol reverse engineering,aiming to recover protocol field structures without access to source code.It enables important applications in network security,including malware analysis and protocol fuzzing.However,existing methods suffer from inaccurate field boundary delineation and lack hierarchical relationship recovery,resulting in imprecise and incomplete reconstructions.In this paper,we propose ProRE,a novel method for reconstructing protocol field structures based on program execution slice embedding.ProRE extracts code slices from protocol parsing at runtime,converts them into embedding vectors using a data flow-sensitive assembly language model,and performs hierarchical clustering to recover complete protocol field structures.Evaluation on two datasets containing 12 protocols shows that ProRE achieves an average F1 score of 0.85 and a cophenetic correlation coefficient of 0.189,improving by 19%and 0.126%respectively over state-of-the-art methods(including BinPRE,Tupni,Netlifter,and QwQ-32B-preview),demonstrating significant superiority in both accuracy and completeness of field structure recovery.Case studies further validate the effectiveness of ProRE in practical malware analysis scenarios.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52475543)Natural Science Foundation of Henan(Grant No.252300421101)+1 种基金Henan Province University Science and Technology Innovation Talent Support Plan(Grant No.24HASTIT048)Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry(Grant No.23XNKJTD0101).
文摘Aircraft assembly is characterized by stringent precedence constraints,limited resource availability,spatial restrictions,and a high degree of manual intervention.These factors lead to considerable variability in operator workloads and significantly increase the complexity of scheduling.To address this challenge,this study investigates the Aircraft Pulsating Assembly Line Scheduling Problem(APALSP)under skilled operator allocation,with the objective of minimizing assembly completion time.A mathematical model considering skilled operator allocation is developed,and a Q-Learning improved Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm(QLPSO)is proposed.In the algorithm design,a reverse scheduling strategy is adopted to effectively manage large-scale precedence constraints.Moreover,a reverse sequence encoding method is introduced to generate operation sequences,while a time decoding mechanism is employed to determine completion times.The problem is further reformulated as a Markov Decision Process(MDP)with explicitly defined state and action spaces.Within QLPSO,the Q-learning mechanism adaptively adjusts inertia weights and learning factors,thereby achieving a balance between exploration capability and convergence performance.To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach,extensive computational experiments are conducted on benchmark instances of different scales,including small,medium,large,and ultra-large cases.The results demonstrate that QLPSO consistently delivers stable and high-quality solutions across all scenarios.In ultra-large-scale instances,it improves the best solution by 25.2%compared with the Genetic Algorithm(GA)and enhances the average solution by 16.9%over the Q-learning algorithm,showing clear advantages over the comparative methods.These findings not only confirm the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm but also provide valuable theoretical references and practical guidance for the intelligent scheduling optimization of aircraft pulsating assembly lines.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program)under Grant 52571385National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFC2815000 and No.2024YFB3816000)+12 种基金Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Deep-sea Manned Vehicles(Grant No.2025SKLDMV07)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(WDZC20231128114452001,JCYJ20240813112107010 and JCYJ20240813111910014)the Tsinghua SIGS Scientific Research Startup Fund(QD2022021C)the Dreams Foundation of Jianghuai Advance Technology Center(2023-ZM 01 Z006)the Ocean Decade International Cooperation Center(ODCC)(GHZZ3702840002024020000026)Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Marine Ecology(ZDSYS20230626091459009)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.KJZD20240903100905008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22305141)Pearl River Talent Program(No.2023QN10C114)General Program of Guangdong Province(No.2025A1515011700)the Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2023ZT10C040)Scientific Research Foundation from Shenzhen Finance Bureau(No.GJHZ20240218113600002)Tsinghua University(JC2023001).
文摘Developing effective,versatile,and high-precision sensing interfaces remains a crucial challenge in human-machine-environment interaction applications.Despite progress in interaction-oriented sensing skins,limitations remain in unit-level reconfiguration,multiaxial force and motion sensing,and robust operation across dynamically changing or irregular surfaces.Herein,we develop a reconfigurable omnidirectional triboelectric whisker sensor array(RO-TWSA)comprising multiple sensing units that integrate a triboelectric whisker structure(TWS)with an untethered hydro-sealing vacuum sucker(UHSVS),enabling reversibly portable deployment and omnidirectional perception across diverse surfaces.Using a simple dual-triangular electrode layout paired with MXene/silicone nanocomposite dielectric layer,the sensor unit achieves precise omnidirectional force and motion sensing with a detection threshold as low as 0.024 N and an angular resolution of 5°,while the UHSVS provides reliable and reversible multi-surface anchoring for the sensor units by involving a newly designed hydrogel combining high mechanical robustness and superior water absorption.Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of RO-TWSA across various interactive scenarios,including teleoperation,tactile diagnostics,and robotic autonomous exploration.Overall,RO-TWSA presents a versatile and high-resolution tactile interface,offering new avenues for intelligent perception and interaction in complex real-world environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52370090,52300016)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M733379,2024M753122).
文摘Raw water temperature can fluctuate significantly throughout the year,with peaks above 30℃in summer and below 15℃in winter.Traditional desalination systems(e.g.,reverse osmosis,RO)face challenges under these varying temperature conditions.Specifically,while the RO system performs well under high temperatures,its efficiency decreases sharply at lower temperatures.Membrane capacitive deionization(MCDI)is considered as an emergent and promising technology for brackish water desalination.While plenty of studies have been devoted to investigating the impacts of raw water properties(e.g.,salinity,coexisting ions,and natural organic matter)on MCDI performance,the role of water temperatures during the desalination remains under-explored.In this study,we first tested and determined the optimized MCDI operation parameters,such as the cell voltage and feedwater flow rate.Key findings showed that MCDI’s salt removal efficiency remains unaffected by feedwater temperature fluctuations.However,as feedwater temperature increases from 15℃to 40℃,the specific energy consumption for desalination slightly rises by 16.3%,and current efficiency drops by 14.1%.Compared to RO systems,the resilience of MCDI to temperature fluctuations makes it a preferable choice for brackish water treatment in areas with a large temperature difference.
文摘BACKGROUND The optimal surgical approach for patients with primary glenohumeral osteoarthritis(GHOA)and an intact rotator cuff remains debated.While anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty(TSA)has traditionally been favoured,reverse TSA(RTSA)is increasingly utilized.AIM To systematically compare the outcomes of RTSA and TSA in this specific patient population.METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.Retrospective comparative studies evaluating RTSA and TSA in patients with GHOA and intact rotator cuff were included.Key outcomes assessed included complication and reoperation rates,patient-reported outcome measures(PROMs),and range of motion.Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool.RESULTS Twelve studies encompassing 1608 patients(580 RTSA,1028 TSA)met inclusion criteria.RTSA was associated with a lower reoperation rate compared to TSA[odds ratio=0.37;95%confidence interval(CI):0.14-0.94;P value=0.04],while no significant difference in overall complication rates was observed(odds ratio=0.47;95%CI:0.19-1.16;P value=0.10).RTSA patients showed superior outcomes in University of California Los Angeles,Simple Shoulder Test,and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index scores;however,the differences did not exceed the minimal clinically important difference.TSA patients had significantly better external rotation(mean difference=-9.0°;95%CI:-13.21 to-5.02;P value<0.0001).No significant differences were found in other range of motion measures or satisfaction scores.The overall methodological quality of included studies was moderate to serious.CONCLUSION In patients with GHOA and an intact rotator cuff,RTSA may offer comparable or improved outcomes to TSA with lower reoperation rates and similar complication profiles.Functional outcomes favour RTSA in certain patientreported outcome measures,while TSA retains an advantage in external rotation.Surgical decision-making should remain individualized based on patient characteristics and functional demands.
基金funded by University of Transport and Communications(UTC)under grant number T2025-CN-004.
文摘Reversible data hiding(RDH)enables secret data embedding while preserving complete cover image recovery,making it crucial for applications requiring image integrity.The pixel value ordering(PVO)technique used in multi-stego images provides good image quality but often results in low embedding capability.To address these challenges,this paper proposes a high-capacity RDH scheme based on PVO that generates three stego images from a single cover image.The cover image is partitioned into non-overlapping blocks with pixels sorted in ascending order.Four secret bits are embedded into each block’s maximum pixel value,while three additional bits are embedded into the second-largest value when the pixel difference exceeds a predefined threshold.A similar embedding strategy is also applied to the minimum side of the block,including the second-smallest pixel value.This design enables each block to embed up to 14 bits of secret data.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves significantly higher embedding capacity and improved visual quality compared to existing triple-stego RDH approaches,advancing the field of reversible steganography.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFE0109000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21975152,92256304,U23A20593)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722028)the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)under Germany’s Excellence Strategy(3DMM2O-EXC-2082/1-390761711)。
文摘Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF)exciplexes,constituted of donor-acceptor moieties,have garnered mounting interest because of their promising potential to obtain high-performance electroluminescent devices.However,the moderate reverse intersystem crossing(RISC)of current reported exciplex systems and the lack of clear molecular design concepts to improve this situation have distinctly hindered the further use of exciplexes in organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs).Herein,we conduct an exploration of exciplex systems founded upon[2,2]paracyclophane(PCP)-containing donor molecules and a triazine acceptor,which exhibit very fast RISC processes with a rate constant(k_(RISC))up to 8.3×10^(6) s^(-1)benefiting from the efficient interactions between the donor and acceptor fragments induced by the peripheral spatial-blocking of PCP group.Utilizing these deep-blue exciplexes as hosts and a multiple resonance(MR)molecule as emitter,pure-blue narrowband OLEDs with CIE coordinates of(0.124,0.137),a full-width at half-maximum(FWHM)of 23 nm,and a high external quantum efficiency(EQE)of around 30%are accessed.This study paves the way for developing blue OLEDs using PCP-based exciplex materials with an enhanced RISC process.
基金supported by Science and Technology Project of the headquarters of the State Grid Corporation of China(No.5500-202324492A-3-2-ZN).
文摘To enhance power flow regulation in scenarios involving large-scale renewable energy transmission via high-voltage direct current(HVDC)links and multi-infeed DC systems in load-center regions,this paper proposes a hybrid modular multilevel converter–capacitor-commutated line-commutated converter(MMC-CLCC)HVDC transmission system and its corresponding control strategy.First,the system topology is constructed,and a submodule configuration method for the MMC—combining full-bridge submodules(FBSMs)and half-bridge submodules(HBSMs)—is proposed to enable direct power flow reversal.Second,a hierarchical control strategy is introduced,includingMMCvoltage control,CLCC current control,and a coordinationmechanism,along with the derivation of the hybrid system’s power flow reversal characteristics.Third,leveraging the CLCC’s fast current regulation and theMMC’s negative voltage control capability,a coordinated power flow reversal control strategy is developed.Finally,an 800 kV MMC-CLCC hybrid HVDC system is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC to validate the power flow reversal performance under a high proportion of full-bridge submodule configuration.Results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy enables rapid(1-s transition)and smooth switching of bidirectional power flow without modifying the structure of primary equipment:the transient fluctuation ofDC voltage from the rated value(UdcN)to themaximumreverse voltage(-kUdcN)is less than 5%;the DC current strictly follows the preset characteristic curve with a deviation of≤3%;the active power reverses continuously,and the system maintains stable operation throughout the reversal process.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278308 and 22109114)Open Foundation of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shaoxing Research Institute of Renewable Energy and Molecular Engineering(Grant number:JDSX2022023).
文摘Hard carbon(HC)is widely used in sodium-ion batteries(SIBs),but its performance has always been limited by lowinitial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)and cycling stability.Cathode compensation agent is a favorable strategy to make up for the loss of active sodium ions consumed byHCanode.Yet it lacks agent that effectively decomposes to increase the active sodium ions as well as regulate carbon defects for decreasing the irreversible sodium ions consumption.Here,we propose 1,2-dihydroxybenzene Na salt(NaDB)as a cathode compensation agent with high specific capacity(347.9 mAh g^(-1)),lower desodiation potential(2.4–2.8 V)and high utilization(99%).Meanwhile,its byproduct could functionalize HC with more C=O groups and promote its reversible capacity.Consequently,the presodiation hard carbon(pHC)anode exhibits highly reversible capacity of 204.7 mAh g^(-1) with 98%retention at 5 C rate over 1000 cycles.Moreover,with 5 wt%NaDB initially coated on the Na3V2(PO4)3(NVP)cathode,the capacity retention of NVP + NaDB|HC cell could increase from 22%to 89%after 1000 cycles at 1 C rate.This work provides a new avenue to improve reversible capacity and cycling performance of SIBs through designing functional cathode compensation agent.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023KYJD1008)the Science Research Projects of the Anhui Higher Education Institutions of China(2022AH051582).
文摘Reversible solid oxide cell(RSOC)is a new energy conversion device with significant applications,especially for power grid peaking shaving.However,the reversible conversion process of power generation/energy storage poses challenges for the performance and stability of air electrodes.In this work,a novel high-entropy perovskite oxide La_(0.2)Pr_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Sr_(0.2)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3−δ)(HE-LSCF)is proposed and investigated as an air electrode in RSOC.The electrochemical behavior of HE-LSCF was studied as an air electrode in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes.The polarization impedance(Rp)of the HE-LSCF electrode is only 0.25Ω·cm^(2) at 800℃ in an air atmosphere.Notably,at an electrolytic voltage of 2 V and a temperature of 800℃,the current density reaches up to 1.68 A/cm^(2).The HE-LSCF air electrode exhibited excellent reversibility and stability,and its electrochemical performance remains stable after 100 h of reversible operation.With these advantages,HE-LSCF is shown to be an excellent air electrode for RSOC.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3502803)The"Pioneer"and"Leading Goose"R&D program of Zhejiang(2022C01020)+3 种基金Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province(2024C01145)The Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo City(2023Z093)Kunpeng Plan of Zhejiang ProvinceNingbo Top Talent Program。
文摘Obtaining high magnetic properties in high Ce-content magnets is essential to expand the widespread application of low-cost magnets.In this study,high Ce-content magnets with up to 45%Ce substitution for Nd were prepared by combining the single/dual/multi-main-phase processes with the Dy-containing grain boundary diffusion process(GBDP).The effects of base magnets with different Ce distributions on GBDP were systematically investigated.Magnetic properties and micro structure analysis reveal that high-performance multi-main-phase(MMP)diffused magnets with remanence(Br)up to 12.52 kGs,coercivity up to 16.08 kOe,and maximum magnetic energy product up to 36.44 MGOe are obtained,which is attributed to the regulation of Ce by the MMP process,and the optimization of microstructure by Gd-Cu alloy.Meanwhile,the diffusion efficiency is significantly improved because of Ce being restricted to the grain core,which promotes the formation of a continuous structure at the grain boundaries,and the formation of a continuous multilayer shell grain structure with high anisotropy field,while the Br of the diffused magnet is maintained.Besides,magnetic domain analysis shows that the MMP diffused magnet effectively suppresses the nucleation of demagnetized domains and enhances the pinning effect of domain walls.The study establishes an experimental foundation for the development of sintered high Ce-content magnets showcasing superior performance.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52271089 and 52001023)the Basic Research and Application Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos.2022A1515240016 and 2023B1515250006)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-BD-23-01).
文摘The austenite(γ)reversely transformed from lath martensite(LM),lath bainite(LB),granular bainite(GB)and pearlite+ferrite(P+F)in a high-strength steel was studied at high temperatures using in-situ electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD).The memory effect of initial γ significantly affects the nucleation of the reverted γ in LM and GB structures,while a weak influence on that of LB and P+F structures.This results in a significant difference in γ grain size after complete austenitization,with the first two obtaining larger γ grains while the latter two are relatively small.Crystallographic analysis revealed that the reverted γ with acicular morphology(γA),most of which maintained the same orientation with the prior γ,dominated the reaustenitization behavior of LM and GB structures through preferential nucleation within γ grains and coalesced growth modes.Although globular reverted γ(γ_(G))with random orientation or large deviation from the prior γ can nucleate at the grain boundaries or within the grains,it is difficult for it to grow and play a role in segmenting and refining the prior γ due to the inhibition of γ_(A) coalescing.For LB and P+F structures,the nucleation rate of intragranular γ_(G) increases with increasing temperature,and always shows a random orientation.These γ_(G) grains can coarsen simultaneously with the intergranular γ_(G),ultimately playing a role in jointly dividing and refining the finalγgrains.Research also found that the differences in the effects of four different microstructures on revertedγnucleation are closely related to the variant selection of the matrix structure,as well as the content and size of cementite(θ).High density of block boundaries induced by weakening of variant selection and many fineθformed in the lath are the key to promoting LB structure to obtain more intragranular γ_(G) formation,as well as the important role of the large-sized θ in P+F structure.
