AIM:To assess the feasibility and safety of the use of soehendra stent retriever as a new technique for biliary access in endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage.METHODS:The medical records and endoscopic report...AIM:To assess the feasibility and safety of the use of soehendra stent retriever as a new technique for biliary access in endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage.METHODS:The medical records and endoscopic reports of the patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage(EUS-BD) owing to failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in our institute between June 2011 and January 2014 were collected and reviewed.All the procedures were performed in the endoscopic suite under intravenous sedation with propofol and full anaesthetic monitoring.Then we used the Soehendra stent retriever as new equipment for neo-tract creation and dilation when performing EUS-BD procedures.The patients were observed in the recovery room for 1-2 h and transferred to the regular ward,patients' clinical data were reviewed and analysed,clinical outcomes were defined by using several different criteria.Data were analysed by using SPSS 13 and presented as percentages,means,and medians.RESULTS:A total of 12 patients were enrolled.The most common indications for EUS-BD in this series were failed common bile duct cannulation,duodenal obstruction,failed selective intrahepatic duct cannulation,and surgical altered anatomy for 50%,25%,16.7%,and 8.3%,respectively.Seven patients underwent EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy(58.3%),and 5 underwent EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy(41.7%).The technical success rate was 100%,while the clinical success rate was 91.7%.Major and minor complications occurred in 16.6% and 33.3% of patients,respectively,but there were no procedurerelated death.CONCLUSION:Soehendra stent retriever could be used as an alternative instrument for biliary access in endoscopic ultrasound guided biliary drainage.展开更多
Bilioenteric or pancreatoenteric anastomotic stric-tures often occur after surgery for a pancreaticobiliary disorder. Therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholan-giopancreatography using balloon enteroscopy has been show...Bilioenteric or pancreatoenteric anastomotic stric-tures often occur after surgery for a pancreaticobiliary disorder. Therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholan-giopancreatography using balloon enteroscopy has been shown to be feasible and effective in patients with such strictures. However, when a benign anas-tomotic stricture is severe, a dilation catheter cannot pass through the stricture despite successful insertion of the guidewire. We report on the usefulness of the Soehendra Stent Retriever over a guidewire for dilating a severe bilioenteric or pancreatoenteric anastomotic stricture under short double-balloon enteroscopy, in two patients with surgically altered anatomies.展开更多
Acute ischemic stroke(AIS)is a cerebrovascular disease characterized by high morbidity,disability,0 and mortality,posing a significant threat to human health.Endovascular treatment has now been established as a key me...Acute ischemic stroke(AIS)is a cerebrovascular disease characterized by high morbidity,disability,0 and mortality,posing a significant threat to human health.Endovascular treatment has now been established as a key method for AIS management,in which stent retrievers that can mechanically remove blood clots play a key role in this technique.In recent years,stent retrievers have evolved in complexity and functionality to improve the ability of clot removing and surgical safety.However,the present instruments still have limitations on treatment efficiency,vascular adaptability,and operational precision,posing an urgent need for innovation in the design of stent retrievers.This paper systematically reviewed the structural features and working principles of AIS stent retrievers from the perspective of efficacy evaluation metrics,historical development,recent advancements in stent retrieval technology,and future prospects.展开更多
The arms race between avian brood parasites and their hosts provides a classic model for studying coevolution.In one of the most widespread obligate brood parasites,the Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus),chicks typically ...The arms race between avian brood parasites and their hosts provides a classic model for studying coevolution.In one of the most widespread obligate brood parasites,the Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus),chicks typically evict all host progeny(eggs and nestlings)from the nest cup,resulting in complete reproductive failure for the host.Host parents of Common Cuckoos could thus potentially benefit from retrieving evicted eggs and nestlings into the nest cup.However,whether hosts of the Common Cuckoo exhibit such retrieval behavior has been scarcely studied.In this study,we experimentally investigated the occurrence of retrieval in a nestbox-breeding population of Daurian Redstarts(Phoenicurus auroreus),a common cavity-nesting host of the Common Cuckoo.To test the redstarts'response to an egg or a nestling outside the nest cup,we experimentally placed either a conspecific egg,a model cuckoo egg,or a redstart nestling near the rim of the nest cup.We found that redstarts never showed retrieval behavior of either eggs or nestlings.All hosts ignored the experimental nestling and conspecific egg,but most ejected the model cuckoo egg from the nestbox.Our results suggest that selection for retrieval behavior in this cavity-nesting host may be weak or even negative.We discuss several ecological and evolutionary factors that may explain the absence of retrieval in this system.展开更多
Accurate retrieval of atmospheric vertical profiles is critical for improving weather prediction and climate monitoring.However,the complexity of atmospheric processes in cloudy regions poses challenges compared to th...Accurate retrieval of atmospheric vertical profiles is critical for improving weather prediction and climate monitoring.However,the complexity of atmospheric processes in cloudy regions poses challenges compared to those of clear sky scenarios.This study presents a novel framework that integrates Bayesian optimization and machine learning approaches to retrieve atmospheric vertical profiles—including temperature,humidity,ozone concentration,cloud fraction,ice water content(IWC),and liquid water content(LWC)—from hyperspectral infrared observations.Specifically,a Bayesian method was used to refine ERA5 reanalysis data by minimizing brightness temperature(BT)discrepancies against FY-4B Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder(GIIRS)observations,generating a high-quality profile database(~2.8 million profiles)across diverse weather systems.The optimized profiles improve radiative consistency,reducing BT biases from>40 K to<10 K in cloudy regions.To further overcome the limitations of the Bayesian method,we developed a Transformer-Resnet hybrid model(TERNet),which achieved superior performance with RMSE values of 1.61 K(temperature),5.77%(humidity),and 2.25×10^(–6)/6.09×10^(–6)kg kg^(–1)(IWC/LWC)across the entire vertical levels in all-sky conditions.The TERNet outperforms both ERA5 in cloud parameter retrieval and the GIIRS L2 product in thermodynamic profiling.Independent verification with radiosonde and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations(CALIPSO)datasets confirms the framework's reliability across various meteorological regimes.This work demonstrates the capability of combining physics-informed Bayesian methods with data-driven machine learning to fully exploit hyperspectral IR data.展开更多
Smart cities,as a typical application in the field of the Internet of Things,can combine cloud computing to realize the intelligent control of objects and process massive data.While cloud computing brings convenience ...Smart cities,as a typical application in the field of the Internet of Things,can combine cloud computing to realize the intelligent control of objects and process massive data.While cloud computing brings convenience to smart city services,a serious problem is ensuring that confidential data cannot be leaked to malicious adversaries.Considering the security and privacy of data,data owners transmit sensitive data in its encrypted form to cloud server,which seriously hinders the improvements of potential utilization and efficient sharing.Public key searchable encryption ensures that users can securely retrieve the encrypted data without decryption.However,most existing schemes cannot resist keyword guessing attacks or the size of trapdoors linearly increases with the number of data owners.In this work,by utilizing certificateless encryption and proxy re-encryption,we design an authenticated searchable encryption scheme with constant trapdoors.The designed scheme preserves the privacy of index ciphertexts and keyword trapdoors,and can resist keyword guessing attacks.In addition,data users can generate and upload trapdoors with lower computation and communication overheads.We show that the proposed scheme is suitable for smart city implementations and applications by experimentally evaluating its performance.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the impact of anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)levels on the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)cycles in women of advanced age and also to explore the effect of age on the ICSI ...Objective:To investigate the impact of anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)levels on the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)cycles in women of advanced age and also to explore the effect of age on the ICSI results in patients with low AMH levels.Methods:This retrospective cohort study involved 143 infertile couples undergoing ICSI cycles at a fertility clinic in Iran from November 2021 to November 2023.Women aged<37 years with AMH<1 ng/mL and those aged≥37 years were included.A standardized ovarian stimulation protocol was followed,leading to oocyte retrieval and ICSI on mature oocytes.Key oocyte quality indexes,including the maturation rate,fertilization rate,and embryo quality metrics,were evaluated.Poisson regression analyses were also employed to investigate the association between AMH levels and oocyte quality parameters in the advanced age groups,as well as the association between age and oocyte quality parameters in patients with low AMH.Results:We analyzed 143 ICSI cycles from 143 infertile couples.The mean ages of the women and their partners were(38.2±4.7)years and(40.6±5.9)years,respectively,with a median(IQR)AMH level of 0.7(0.4–2.0)ng/mL.Younger women with low AMH levels(<1 ng/mL)showed significantly better outcomes in terms of the number of MⅡ oocytes[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)1.89,95%CI 1.31-2.71;P=0.001],fertilized(2PN)oocytes(aOR 1.97,95%CI 1.36-2.86;P<0.001),embryo number(aOR 2.16,95%CI 1.44-3.24;P<0.001),and embryos suitable for freezing(aOR 2.88,95%CI 1.80-4.61;P<0.001)compared to advanced-age women.Furthermore,among women of advanced age,those with normal AMH levels exhibited a significantly higher number of MⅡ oocyte(aOR 3.55,95%CI 2.31-5.44;P<0.001),fertilized(2PN)oocytes(aOR 3.54,95%CI 2.29-5.49;P<0.001),embryo number(aOR 3.89,95%CI 2.48-6.10;P<0.001),and embryos suitable for freezing(aOR 4.75,95%CI 2.79-8.09;P<0.001)compared to those with low AMH levels.Conclusions:AMH level is a significant predictor of oocyte and embryo number and quality in infertile women of advanced age undergoing ICSI cycles.Our findings suggest that maternal age markedly impacts the quality of oocytes and embryos in low AMHlevel patients.展开更多
Fine-scale structures can be observed in small field-of-view(FOV)auroral observations,but they are often overlooked because they appear only sporadically in all-sky observations.Such forms are of great interest becaus...Fine-scale structures can be observed in small field-of-view(FOV)auroral observations,but they are often overlooked because they appear only sporadically in all-sky observations.Such forms are of great interest because they may embody specific magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling processes,reveal localized energy deposition pathways,and provide new insights into cross-scale plasma dynamics and instabilities.However,their limited spatial extent,transient occurrence,and scarcity in wide-FOV observations make systematic investigation challenging.Traditional manual analysis struggles to capture these subtle structures within vast all-sky datasets,while automated detection faces severe data imbalance and morphological ambiguity.To address these challenges,we propose a synthetic-to-real progressive learning framework for cross-FOV retrieval of rare auroral forms.A Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)is employed to perform cross-FOV transformation between unpaired small-FOV images containing rare aurora forms and all-sky images(ASI)without such structures,thereby generating large numbers of synthetic ASI with rare auroral morphology.These synthetic samples are used to train an initial detection model,which subsequently undergoes iterative fine-tuning through feedback-guided learning:The model performs inference on new all-sky data,and the progressively accumulated real detections are incorporated into the training set.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves over 92%detection accuracy on ASI,enabling high-precision retrieval of small-scale auroral structures across large-scale observations.This framework provides a scalable and effective approach to rediscovering rare auroral phenomena in continuous all-sky monitoring,offering new opportunities for exploring the fine-scale dynamics of the upper atmosphere.展开更多
Background:Hormonal treatment and response as a predictor of sperm retrieval prior to microdissection testicular sperm extraction(micro-TESE)are not well established in the current literature.This study aimed to inves...Background:Hormonal treatment and response as a predictor of sperm retrieval prior to microdissection testicular sperm extraction(micro-TESE)are not well established in the current literature.This study aimed to investigate the hormonal response as a predictor of sperm retrieval among men with nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA).Methods:Seventy-seven consecutive patients who had testosterone levels≤14 nmol/L were treated medically with an aromatase inhibitor or recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin(rec-hCG)prior to micro-TESE and were included.Thirty-four(44.2%)had unexplained NOA(UNEX),25(32.5%)had Klinefelter syndrome(KS),8(10.4%)had a history of cryptorchidism(UDT),4(5.2%)had microdeletion of the Azoospermia factor C(AZFc),and 6(7.8%)were treated previously with chemotherapy.Baseline and post-treatment serum hormonal levels were documented.Pre-op testosterone levels were entered into binary logistic regressions with age,Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),and Luteinizing hormone(LH)levels to test for significance with sperm retrieval.We then built logistic regression models to identify predictors of successful surgical sperm retrieval(SSR).Results:Forty-five patients(58%)had successful retrieval.In 32 patients(42%),no sperm was retrieved.Both the mean pre-op testosterone and the mean testosterone change between the two groups were significant(p=0.02 and p=0.011,respectively).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis demonstrated an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.785(95%CI=0.685-0.886,p<0.001).The Youden index coefficient was calculated for KS and UNEX.The cut-off point for KS was established at 0.764(sensitivity=0.875,false positive rate[FPR]=0.111),and 0.215 for UNEX(sensitivity=0.438,FPR=0.222).We also observed a correlation between age and SSR(p=0.05).In KS patients,SSR was determined by pre-op testosterone levels irrespective of age.Conclusion:Pre-operative hormonal response is a predictor for SSR in NOA patients who were treated medically.This data may help during pre-operative counselling.展开更多
Neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)has become the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced breast cancer and stage II-III HER2-positive(HER2+)or triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)1,2.It is essential to accurately m...Neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)has become the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced breast cancer and stage II-III HER2-positive(HER2+)or triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)1,2.It is essential to accurately mark the primary breast tumor and positive axillary lymph nodes(ALNs)prior to NAT to ensure precise surgical excision,guide axillary downstaging,and guarantee reliable lesion retrieval for pathologic evaluation3.The false-negative rate of sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB)after NAT can be reduced to<10%by applying modalities,such as the identification of≥3 sentinel lymph nodes(SLNs)with dual-mapping techniques or removal of the marked lymph node with target axillary dissection(TAD)according to the ASCO,NCCN,and CBCS guidelines3-5.However,there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal methods and materials for accurate marking6,7.Conventional techniques include clip placement,guidewire localization,and carbon or ink tattooing,whereas wireless technologies,such as MagseedR,radiofrequency identification tags,SAVI SCOUTR,and radioactive iodine-125(125I)seeds,have also been adopted.Traditional marking techniques have a localization failure rate of approximately 10%.In contrast,the use of 125I seeds(with a radiation dose of 0.1-0.3 mCi)has significantly improved localization accuracy8,9.Nevertheless,owing to radioactive properties,concerns have been raised regarding the potential impact of 125I seed marking on assessing the pathologic complete response(pCR)after NAT10.Moreover,whether the influence of 125I seed marking on pCR could lead to suboptimal adjuvant treatment decisions and potentially compromise long-term oncologic outcomes has not been established.To investigate the potential impact of 125I seed placement on the pCR rate and long-term outcomes in breast cancer patients receiving NAT,we conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing propensity score matching(PSM).展开更多
Web search provides a promising way for people to obtain information and has been extensively studied.With the surge of deep learning and large-scale pre-training techniques,various neural information retrieval models...Web search provides a promising way for people to obtain information and has been extensively studied.With the surge of deep learning and large-scale pre-training techniques,various neural information retrieval models are proposed,and they have demonstrated the power for improving search(especially,the ranking)quality.All these existing search methods follow a common paradigm,i.e.,index-retrieve-rerank,where they first build an index of all documents based on document terms(i.e.,sparse inverted index)or representation vectors(i.e.,dense vector index),then retrieve and rerank retrieved documents based on the similarity between the query and documents via ranking models.In this paper,we explore a new paradigm of information retrieval without an explicit index but only with a pre-trained model.Instead,all of the knowledge of the documents is encoded into model parameters,which can be regarded as a differentiable indexer and optimized in an end-to-end manner.Specifically,we propose a pre-trained model-based information retrieval(IR)system called DynamicRetriever,which directly returns document identifiers for a given query.Under such a framework,we implement two variants to explore how to train the model from scratch and how to combine the advantages of dense retrieval models.Compared with existing search methods,the model-based IR system parameterizes the traditional static index with a pre-training model,which converts the document semantic mapping into a dynamic and updatable process.Extensive experiments conducted on the public search benchmark Microsoft machine reading comprehension(MS MARCO)verify the effectiveness and potential of our proposed new paradigm for information retrieval.展开更多
Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy,impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation.The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial,involving the intricate a...Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy,impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation.The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial,involving the intricate anatomy of the root canal system,instrument-related factors,and instrumentation techniques.Instrument separation can hinder thorough cleaning,shaping,and obturation of the root canal,posing challenges to successful treatment outcomes.Although retrieval of separated instrument is often feasible,it carries risks including perforation,excessive removal of tooth structure and root fractures.Effective management of separated instruments requires a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors,meticulous preoperative assessment,and precise evaluation of the retrieval difficulty.The application of appropriate retrieval techniques is essential to minimize complications and optimize clinical outcomes.The current manuscript provides a framework for understanding the causes,risk factors,and clinical management principles of instrument separation.By integrating effective strategies,endodontists can enhance decision-making,improve endodontic treatment success and ensure the preservation of natural dentition.展开更多
In global navigation satellite system denial environment,cross-view geo-localization based on image retrieval presents an exceedingly critical visual localization solution for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)systems.The e...In global navigation satellite system denial environment,cross-view geo-localization based on image retrieval presents an exceedingly critical visual localization solution for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)systems.The essence of cross-view geo-localization resides in matching images containing the same geographical targets from disparate platforms,such as UAV-view and satellite-view images.However,images of the same geographical targets may suffer from occlusions and geometric distortions due to variations in the capturing platform,view,and timing.The existing methods predominantly extract features by segmenting feature maps,which overlook the holistic semantic distribution and structural information of objects,resulting in loss of image information.To address these challenges,dilated neighborhood attention Transformer is employed as the feature extraction backbone,and Multi-feature representations based on Multi-scale Hierarchical Contextual Aggregation(MMHCA)is proposed.In the proposed MMHCA method,the multiscale hierarchical contextual aggregation method is utilized to extract contextual information from local to global across various granularity levels,establishing feature associations of contextual information with global and local information in the image.Subsequently,the multi-feature representations method is utilized to obtain rich discriminative feature information,bolstering the robustness of model in scenarios characterized by positional shifts,varying distances,and scale ambiguities.Comprehensive experiments conducted on the extensively utilized University-1652 and SUES-200 benchmarks indicate that the MMHCA method surpasses the existing techniques.showing outstanding results in UAV localization and navigation.展开更多
Image-based similar trademark retrieval is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task in the trademark examination process.This paper aims to support trademark examiners by training Deep Convolutional Neural Network(DC...Image-based similar trademark retrieval is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task in the trademark examination process.This paper aims to support trademark examiners by training Deep Convolutional Neural Network(DCNN)models for effective Trademark Image Retrieval(TIR).To achieve this goal,we first develop a novel labeling method that automatically generates hundreds of thousands of labeled similar and dissimilar trademark image pairs using accompanying data fields such as citation lists,Vienna classification(VC)codes,and trademark ownership information.This approach eliminates the need for manual labeling and provides a large-scale dataset suitable for training deep learning models.We then train DCNN models based on Siamese and Triplet architectures,evaluating various feature extractors to determine the most effective configuration.Furthermore,we present an Adapted Contrastive Loss Function(ACLF)for the trademark retrieval task,specifically engineered to mitigate the influence of noisy labels found in automatically created datasets.Experimental results indicate that our proposed model(Efficient-Net_v21_Siamese)performs best at both True Negative Rate(TNR)threshold levels,TNR 0.9 and TNR 0.95,with==respective True Positive Rates(TPRs)of 77.7%and 70.8%and accuracies of 83.9%and 80.4%.Additionally,when testing on the public trademark dataset METU_v2,our model achieves a normalized average rank(NAR)of 0.0169,outperforming the current state-of-the-art(SOTA)model.Based on these findings,we estimate that considering only approximately 10%of the returned trademarks would be sufficient,significantly reducing the review time.Therefore,the paper highlights the potential of utilizing national trademark data to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of trademark retrieval systems,ultimately supporting trademark examiners in their evaluation tasks.展开更多
Pill image recognition is an important field in computer vision.It has become a vital technology in healthcare and pharmaceuticals due to the necessity for precise medication identification to prevent errors and ensur...Pill image recognition is an important field in computer vision.It has become a vital technology in healthcare and pharmaceuticals due to the necessity for precise medication identification to prevent errors and ensure patient safety.This survey examines the current state of pill image recognition,focusing on advancements,methodologies,and the challenges that remain unresolved.It provides a comprehensive overview of traditional image processing-based,machine learning-based,deep learning-based,and hybrid-based methods,and aims to explore the ongoing difficulties in the field.We summarize and classify the methods used in each article,compare the strengths and weaknesses of traditional image processing-based,machine learning-based,deep learning-based,and hybrid-based methods,and review benchmark datasets for pill image recognition.Additionally,we compare the performance of proposed methods on popular benchmark datasets.This survey applies recent advancements,such as Transformer models and cutting-edge technologies like Augmented Reality(AR),to discuss potential research directions and conclude the review.By offering a holistic perspective,this paper aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners striving to advance the field of pill image recognition.展开更多
DDeeaarr EEddiittoorr,,The encoding and retrieval of emotional memories demands intricate interplay within the limbic network,where the network state is subject to significant reconfiguration by learning-induced plast...DDeeaarr EEddiittoorr,,The encoding and retrieval of emotional memories demands intricate interplay within the limbic network,where the network state is subject to significant reconfiguration by learning-induced plasticity,behavioral state,and contextual information[1].展开更多
This study describes the use of the weighted multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique(WMART)to obtain vertical ozone profiles from limb observations performed by the scanning imaging absorption spectrometer f...This study describes the use of the weighted multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique(WMART)to obtain vertical ozone profiles from limb observations performed by the scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric chartography(SCIAMACHY).This technique is based on SaskMART(the combination of the multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique and SaskTRAN radiative transfer model),which was originally developed for optical spectrometer and infrared imaging system(OSIRIS)data.One of the objectives of this study was to obtain consistent ozone profiles from the two satellites.In this study,the WMART algorithm is combined with a radiative transfer model(SCIATRAN),as well as a set of measurement vectors comprising five Hartley pairing vectors(HPVs)and one Chappuis triplet vector(CTV),to retrieve ozone profiles in the altitude range of 10–69 km.Considering that the weighting factors in WMART have a significant effect on the retrievals,we propose a novel approach to calculate the pair/triplet weighting factors using wavelength weighting functions.The results of the application of the proposed ozone retrieval scheme are compared with the SCIAMACHY v3.5 ozone product by University of Bremen and validated against profiles derived from other passive satellite observations or measured by ozonesondes.Between 18 and 55 km,the retrieved ozone profiles typically agree with data from the SCIAMACHY ozone product within 5%for tropics and middle latitudes,whereas a negative deviation exists between 35 and 50 km for northern high latitudes,with a deviation of less than 10%above 50 km.Comparison of the retrieved profiles with microwave limb sounder(MLS)v5.0 indicates that the difference is within±5%between 18 and 55 km,and an agreement within 10%is achieved in other altitudes for tropics and middle latitudes.Comparison of the retrieved profiles with OSIRIS v7.1 indicates that the average deviation is within±5%between 20 and 59 km,and difference of approximately 10%is achieved below 20 km.Compared with ozonesondes data,a general validity of the retrievals is no more than 5%between 15 and 30 km.展开更多
Background:Testicular sperm aspiration(TESA)is a minimally invasive testicular sperm retrieval technique that has been utilized in the treatment of male factor infertility.We sought to evaluate sperm retrieval outcome...Background:Testicular sperm aspiration(TESA)is a minimally invasive testicular sperm retrieval technique that has been utilized in the treatment of male factor infertility.We sought to evaluate sperm retrieval outcomes of primary and redo TESA in men with severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia(OAT)and obstructive azoospermia(OA).Methods:This is a retrospective analysis of consecutive TESAs(primary and redo)for men with severe OAT and OA performed between January 2011 and August 2022 at a high-volume infertility center.We compared TESA outcomes in men with severe OAT to those with OA and compared outcomes of men who underwent primary and redo TESA on the same testicular unit.Results:439 TESAs(366 primary and 73 redo)in men with severe OAT(n=133)and OA(n=306)were included.Men with OA had significantly higher sperm retrieval rate(SRR)and motile SRR compared to men with severe OAT(99%vs.95%and 98%vs.83%,respectively,p<0.05).The requirement for multiple biopsies and the total number of aspirates were significantly lower in men with OA compared to those with severe OAT(15%vs.32%and 1.2±0.5 vs.1.4±0.7,respectively,p<0.05).In both groups,SRR,motile SRR,the requirement for multiple biopsies,and the total number of aspirates were not significantly different in primary compared to redo cases.Conclusion:Our data demonstrate that TESA retrieval rates are significantly higher in men with OA compared to those with severe OAT.The data also demonstrate that a redo TESA in these men is as effective as a primary TESA,suggesting that areas of active spermatogenesis are preserved 6 months after TESA.展开更多
Content-Based Image Retrieval(CBIR)and image mining are becoming more important study fields in computer vision due to their wide range of applications in healthcare,security,and various domains.The image retrieval sy...Content-Based Image Retrieval(CBIR)and image mining are becoming more important study fields in computer vision due to their wide range of applications in healthcare,security,and various domains.The image retrieval system mainly relies on the efficiency and accuracy of the classification models.This research addresses the challenge of enhancing the image retrieval system by developing a novel approach,EfficientNet-Convolutional Neural Network(EffNet-CNN).The key objective of this research is to evaluate the proposed EffNet-CNN model’s performance in image classification,image mining,and CBIR.The novelty of the proposed EffNet-CNN model includes the integration of different techniques and modifications.The model includes the Mahalanobis distance metric for feature matching,which enhances the similarity measurements.The model extends EfficientNet architecture by incorporating additional convolutional layers,batch normalization,dropout,and pooling layers for improved hierarchical feature extraction.A systematic hyperparameter optimization using SGD,performance evaluation with three datasets,and data normalization for improving feature representations.The EffNet-CNN is assessed utilizing precision,accuracy,F-measure,and recall metrics across MS-COCO,CIFAR-10 and 100 datasets.The model achieved accuracy values ranging from 90.60%to 95.90%for the MS-COCO dataset,96.8%to 98.3%for the CIFAR-10 dataset and 92.9%to 98.6%for the CIFAR-100 dataset.A validation of the EffNet-CNN model’s results with other models reveals the proposed model’s superior performance.The results highlight the potential of the EffNet-CNN model proposed for image classification and its usefulness in image mining and CBIR.展开更多
Reliable surface height observations over inland water bodies are useful for understanding the hydrological cycle.Satellite radar altimetry particularly contributed with its long-term archive and minimal cloud interfe...Reliable surface height observations over inland water bodies are useful for understanding the hydrological cycle.Satellite radar altimetry particularly contributed with its long-term archive and minimal cloud interference.Specialized inland water altimetry,developed from oceanography and geodesy,is still being extensively investigated.By synthesizing pioneering studies on“retracking algorithms”,this review demonstrates,from a user perspective,why optimizing conventional retracking is still important and how it can extend reliable historical water level retrieval over more ungauged sites.Numerous unrevealed inland water bodies have small sizes or complex surroundings,posing challenges to maintaining accuracy.Applications have shown that a critical key lies in the retracking correction during range retrieval(uncertainty likely on the order of meters),compared with other corrections(on the order of centimeters or decimeters).From multiple uncertainty factors in range retrieval,signal entanglements from land contamination and off-nadir effects are core issues.We evaluate and compared key strategies from prototype retrackers to improved retrackers,especially the empirical ones optimized for inland waters.Sub-waveform extraction and adjustment for Delay-Doppler modes has advanced range retrieval to a new stage.Four innovative inland-water-compatible retrackers are introduced in detail,with a highlight on their distinct approaches to robustly improve performance.Considering the selection of different data and retrackers in varying scenarios,a synthesis analysis is conducted based on results reported in previous literature.In conclusion,the empirical retracking has been enhanced to offer stable decimeter-level accuracy in intricate landscapes(e.g.,small lakes and rivers with varied surroundings).In comparison,the physical retracking has been upgraded to provide greater precision for homogeneous surface in large lakes.For future inland water altimetry,we articulate how additionally retracked results can benefit hydrological applications,and what difficulties would arise when extending study scales.展开更多
文摘AIM:To assess the feasibility and safety of the use of soehendra stent retriever as a new technique for biliary access in endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage.METHODS:The medical records and endoscopic reports of the patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage(EUS-BD) owing to failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in our institute between June 2011 and January 2014 were collected and reviewed.All the procedures were performed in the endoscopic suite under intravenous sedation with propofol and full anaesthetic monitoring.Then we used the Soehendra stent retriever as new equipment for neo-tract creation and dilation when performing EUS-BD procedures.The patients were observed in the recovery room for 1-2 h and transferred to the regular ward,patients' clinical data were reviewed and analysed,clinical outcomes were defined by using several different criteria.Data were analysed by using SPSS 13 and presented as percentages,means,and medians.RESULTS:A total of 12 patients were enrolled.The most common indications for EUS-BD in this series were failed common bile duct cannulation,duodenal obstruction,failed selective intrahepatic duct cannulation,and surgical altered anatomy for 50%,25%,16.7%,and 8.3%,respectively.Seven patients underwent EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy(58.3%),and 5 underwent EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy(41.7%).The technical success rate was 100%,while the clinical success rate was 91.7%.Major and minor complications occurred in 16.6% and 33.3% of patients,respectively,but there were no procedurerelated death.CONCLUSION:Soehendra stent retriever could be used as an alternative instrument for biliary access in endoscopic ultrasound guided biliary drainage.
文摘Bilioenteric or pancreatoenteric anastomotic stric-tures often occur after surgery for a pancreaticobiliary disorder. Therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholan-giopancreatography using balloon enteroscopy has been shown to be feasible and effective in patients with such strictures. However, when a benign anas-tomotic stricture is severe, a dilation catheter cannot pass through the stricture despite successful insertion of the guidewire. We report on the usefulness of the Soehendra Stent Retriever over a guidewire for dilating a severe bilioenteric or pancreatoenteric anastomotic stricture under short double-balloon enteroscopy, in two patients with surgically altered anatomies.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M740708)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82371313).
文摘Acute ischemic stroke(AIS)is a cerebrovascular disease characterized by high morbidity,disability,0 and mortality,posing a significant threat to human health.Endovascular treatment has now been established as a key method for AIS management,in which stent retrievers that can mechanically remove blood clots play a key role in this technique.In recent years,stent retrievers have evolved in complexity and functionality to improve the ability of clot removing and surgical safety.However,the present instruments still have limitations on treatment efficiency,vascular adaptability,and operational precision,posing an urgent need for innovation in the design of stent retrievers.This paper systematically reviewed the structural features and working principles of AIS stent retrievers from the perspective of efficacy evaluation metrics,historical development,recent advancements in stent retrieval technology,and future prospects.
基金supported by the startup fund from Beijing Normal University(312200502560 to J.Z.)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32501383 to J.Z.,and 31672297 and 32271559 to W.D.)the Max Planck Society(to B.K.)。
文摘The arms race between avian brood parasites and their hosts provides a classic model for studying coevolution.In one of the most widespread obligate brood parasites,the Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus),chicks typically evict all host progeny(eggs and nestlings)from the nest cup,resulting in complete reproductive failure for the host.Host parents of Common Cuckoos could thus potentially benefit from retrieving evicted eggs and nestlings into the nest cup.However,whether hosts of the Common Cuckoo exhibit such retrieval behavior has been scarcely studied.In this study,we experimentally investigated the occurrence of retrieval in a nestbox-breeding population of Daurian Redstarts(Phoenicurus auroreus),a common cavity-nesting host of the Common Cuckoo.To test the redstarts'response to an egg or a nestling outside the nest cup,we experimentally placed either a conspecific egg,a model cuckoo egg,or a redstart nestling near the rim of the nest cup.We found that redstarts never showed retrieval behavior of either eggs or nestlings.All hosts ignored the experimental nestling and conspecific egg,but most ejected the model cuckoo egg from the nestbox.Our results suggest that selection for retrieval behavior in this cavity-nesting host may be weak or even negative.We discuss several ecological and evolutionary factors that may explain the absence of retrieval in this system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant U2442219Fengyun Satellite Application Pioneer Program(2023)Special Initiative on Numerical Weather Prediction(NWP)Applications,the Civil Aerospace Technology Pre-Research Project(D040405)the Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LZJMZ23D050003。
文摘Accurate retrieval of atmospheric vertical profiles is critical for improving weather prediction and climate monitoring.However,the complexity of atmospheric processes in cloudy regions poses challenges compared to those of clear sky scenarios.This study presents a novel framework that integrates Bayesian optimization and machine learning approaches to retrieve atmospheric vertical profiles—including temperature,humidity,ozone concentration,cloud fraction,ice water content(IWC),and liquid water content(LWC)—from hyperspectral infrared observations.Specifically,a Bayesian method was used to refine ERA5 reanalysis data by minimizing brightness temperature(BT)discrepancies against FY-4B Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder(GIIRS)observations,generating a high-quality profile database(~2.8 million profiles)across diverse weather systems.The optimized profiles improve radiative consistency,reducing BT biases from>40 K to<10 K in cloudy regions.To further overcome the limitations of the Bayesian method,we developed a Transformer-Resnet hybrid model(TERNet),which achieved superior performance with RMSE values of 1.61 K(temperature),5.77%(humidity),and 2.25×10^(–6)/6.09×10^(–6)kg kg^(–1)(IWC/LWC)across the entire vertical levels in all-sky conditions.The TERNet outperforms both ERA5 in cloud parameter retrieval and the GIIRS L2 product in thermodynamic profiling.Independent verification with radiosonde and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations(CALIPSO)datasets confirms the framework's reliability across various meteorological regimes.This work demonstrates the capability of combining physics-informed Bayesian methods with data-driven machine learning to fully exploit hyperspectral IR data.
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.2021CXGC010107)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A20466,62325209)+3 种基金the New 20 Project of Higher Education of Jinan(No.202228017)the Special Project on Science and Technology Program of Hubei Province(No.2021BAA025)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.2042023kf0203,20420241013)the Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSP2024R509),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia。
文摘Smart cities,as a typical application in the field of the Internet of Things,can combine cloud computing to realize the intelligent control of objects and process massive data.While cloud computing brings convenience to smart city services,a serious problem is ensuring that confidential data cannot be leaked to malicious adversaries.Considering the security and privacy of data,data owners transmit sensitive data in its encrypted form to cloud server,which seriously hinders the improvements of potential utilization and efficient sharing.Public key searchable encryption ensures that users can securely retrieve the encrypted data without decryption.However,most existing schemes cannot resist keyword guessing attacks or the size of trapdoors linearly increases with the number of data owners.In this work,by utilizing certificateless encryption and proxy re-encryption,we design an authenticated searchable encryption scheme with constant trapdoors.The designed scheme preserves the privacy of index ciphertexts and keyword trapdoors,and can resist keyword guessing attacks.In addition,data users can generate and upload trapdoors with lower computation and communication overheads.We show that the proposed scheme is suitable for smart city implementations and applications by experimentally evaluating its performance.
文摘Objective:To investigate the impact of anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)levels on the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)cycles in women of advanced age and also to explore the effect of age on the ICSI results in patients with low AMH levels.Methods:This retrospective cohort study involved 143 infertile couples undergoing ICSI cycles at a fertility clinic in Iran from November 2021 to November 2023.Women aged<37 years with AMH<1 ng/mL and those aged≥37 years were included.A standardized ovarian stimulation protocol was followed,leading to oocyte retrieval and ICSI on mature oocytes.Key oocyte quality indexes,including the maturation rate,fertilization rate,and embryo quality metrics,were evaluated.Poisson regression analyses were also employed to investigate the association between AMH levels and oocyte quality parameters in the advanced age groups,as well as the association between age and oocyte quality parameters in patients with low AMH.Results:We analyzed 143 ICSI cycles from 143 infertile couples.The mean ages of the women and their partners were(38.2±4.7)years and(40.6±5.9)years,respectively,with a median(IQR)AMH level of 0.7(0.4–2.0)ng/mL.Younger women with low AMH levels(<1 ng/mL)showed significantly better outcomes in terms of the number of MⅡ oocytes[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)1.89,95%CI 1.31-2.71;P=0.001],fertilized(2PN)oocytes(aOR 1.97,95%CI 1.36-2.86;P<0.001),embryo number(aOR 2.16,95%CI 1.44-3.24;P<0.001),and embryos suitable for freezing(aOR 2.88,95%CI 1.80-4.61;P<0.001)compared to advanced-age women.Furthermore,among women of advanced age,those with normal AMH levels exhibited a significantly higher number of MⅡ oocyte(aOR 3.55,95%CI 2.31-5.44;P<0.001),fertilized(2PN)oocytes(aOR 3.54,95%CI 2.29-5.49;P<0.001),embryo number(aOR 3.89,95%CI 2.48-6.10;P<0.001),and embryos suitable for freezing(aOR 4.75,95%CI 2.79-8.09;P<0.001)compared to those with low AMH levels.Conclusions:AMH level is a significant predictor of oocyte and embryo number and quality in infertile women of advanced age undergoing ICSI cycles.Our findings suggest that maternal age markedly impacts the quality of oocytes and embryos in low AMHlevel patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.41874173).
文摘Fine-scale structures can be observed in small field-of-view(FOV)auroral observations,but they are often overlooked because they appear only sporadically in all-sky observations.Such forms are of great interest because they may embody specific magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling processes,reveal localized energy deposition pathways,and provide new insights into cross-scale plasma dynamics and instabilities.However,their limited spatial extent,transient occurrence,and scarcity in wide-FOV observations make systematic investigation challenging.Traditional manual analysis struggles to capture these subtle structures within vast all-sky datasets,while automated detection faces severe data imbalance and morphological ambiguity.To address these challenges,we propose a synthetic-to-real progressive learning framework for cross-FOV retrieval of rare auroral forms.A Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)is employed to perform cross-FOV transformation between unpaired small-FOV images containing rare aurora forms and all-sky images(ASI)without such structures,thereby generating large numbers of synthetic ASI with rare auroral morphology.These synthetic samples are used to train an initial detection model,which subsequently undergoes iterative fine-tuning through feedback-guided learning:The model performs inference on new all-sky data,and the progressively accumulated real detections are incorporated into the training set.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves over 92%detection accuracy on ASI,enabling high-precision retrieval of small-scale auroral structures across large-scale observations.This framework provides a scalable and effective approach to rediscovering rare auroral phenomena in continuous all-sky monitoring,offering new opportunities for exploring the fine-scale dynamics of the upper atmosphere.
文摘Background:Hormonal treatment and response as a predictor of sperm retrieval prior to microdissection testicular sperm extraction(micro-TESE)are not well established in the current literature.This study aimed to investigate the hormonal response as a predictor of sperm retrieval among men with nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA).Methods:Seventy-seven consecutive patients who had testosterone levels≤14 nmol/L were treated medically with an aromatase inhibitor or recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin(rec-hCG)prior to micro-TESE and were included.Thirty-four(44.2%)had unexplained NOA(UNEX),25(32.5%)had Klinefelter syndrome(KS),8(10.4%)had a history of cryptorchidism(UDT),4(5.2%)had microdeletion of the Azoospermia factor C(AZFc),and 6(7.8%)were treated previously with chemotherapy.Baseline and post-treatment serum hormonal levels were documented.Pre-op testosterone levels were entered into binary logistic regressions with age,Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),and Luteinizing hormone(LH)levels to test for significance with sperm retrieval.We then built logistic regression models to identify predictors of successful surgical sperm retrieval(SSR).Results:Forty-five patients(58%)had successful retrieval.In 32 patients(42%),no sperm was retrieved.Both the mean pre-op testosterone and the mean testosterone change between the two groups were significant(p=0.02 and p=0.011,respectively).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis demonstrated an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.785(95%CI=0.685-0.886,p<0.001).The Youden index coefficient was calculated for KS and UNEX.The cut-off point for KS was established at 0.764(sensitivity=0.875,false positive rate[FPR]=0.111),and 0.215 for UNEX(sensitivity=0.438,FPR=0.222).We also observed a correlation between age and SSR(p=0.05).In KS patients,SSR was determined by pre-op testosterone levels irrespective of age.Conclusion:Pre-operative hormonal response is a predictor for SSR in NOA patients who were treated medically.This data may help during pre-operative counselling.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82573747,82172873,W2421095,and 82503888)National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2025ZD0543900)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant Nos.ZR2024LMB011 and ZR2024QH058)Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.tsqn202211337)Collaborative Academic Innovation Project of Shandong Cancer Hospital(Grant No.GF003).
文摘Neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)has become the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced breast cancer and stage II-III HER2-positive(HER2+)or triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)1,2.It is essential to accurately mark the primary breast tumor and positive axillary lymph nodes(ALNs)prior to NAT to ensure precise surgical excision,guide axillary downstaging,and guarantee reliable lesion retrieval for pathologic evaluation3.The false-negative rate of sentinel lymph node biopsy(SLNB)after NAT can be reduced to<10%by applying modalities,such as the identification of≥3 sentinel lymph nodes(SLNs)with dual-mapping techniques or removal of the marked lymph node with target axillary dissection(TAD)according to the ASCO,NCCN,and CBCS guidelines3-5.However,there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal methods and materials for accurate marking6,7.Conventional techniques include clip placement,guidewire localization,and carbon or ink tattooing,whereas wireless technologies,such as MagseedR,radiofrequency identification tags,SAVI SCOUTR,and radioactive iodine-125(125I)seeds,have also been adopted.Traditional marking techniques have a localization failure rate of approximately 10%.In contrast,the use of 125I seeds(with a radiation dose of 0.1-0.3 mCi)has significantly improved localization accuracy8,9.Nevertheless,owing to radioactive properties,concerns have been raised regarding the potential impact of 125I seed marking on assessing the pathologic complete response(pCR)after NAT10.Moreover,whether the influence of 125I seed marking on pCR could lead to suboptimal adjuvant treatment decisions and potentially compromise long-term oncologic outcomes has not been established.To investigate the potential impact of 125I seed placement on the pCR rate and long-term outcomes in breast cancer patients receiving NAT,we conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing propensity score matching(PSM).
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61872370 and 61832017)Beijing Outstanding Young Scientist Program(No.BJJWZYJH012019100020098)Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence(BAAI),the Outstanding Innovative Talents Cultivation Funded Programs 2021 of Renmin University of China,and Intelligent Social Governance Platform,Major Innovation&Planning Interdisciplinary Platform for the“Double-First Class”Initiative,Renmin University of China.
文摘Web search provides a promising way for people to obtain information and has been extensively studied.With the surge of deep learning and large-scale pre-training techniques,various neural information retrieval models are proposed,and they have demonstrated the power for improving search(especially,the ranking)quality.All these existing search methods follow a common paradigm,i.e.,index-retrieve-rerank,where they first build an index of all documents based on document terms(i.e.,sparse inverted index)or representation vectors(i.e.,dense vector index),then retrieve and rerank retrieved documents based on the similarity between the query and documents via ranking models.In this paper,we explore a new paradigm of information retrieval without an explicit index but only with a pre-trained model.Instead,all of the knowledge of the documents is encoded into model parameters,which can be regarded as a differentiable indexer and optimized in an end-to-end manner.Specifically,we propose a pre-trained model-based information retrieval(IR)system called DynamicRetriever,which directly returns document identifiers for a given query.Under such a framework,we implement two variants to explore how to train the model from scratch and how to combine the advantages of dense retrieval models.Compared with existing search methods,the model-based IR system parameterizes the traditional static index with a pre-training model,which converts the document semantic mapping into a dynamic and updatable process.Extensive experiments conducted on the public search benchmark Microsoft machine reading comprehension(MS MARCO)verify the effectiveness and potential of our proposed new paradigm for information retrieval.
文摘Instrument separation is a critical complication during root canal therapy,impacting treatment success and long-term tooth preservation.The etiology of instrument separation is multifactorial,involving the intricate anatomy of the root canal system,instrument-related factors,and instrumentation techniques.Instrument separation can hinder thorough cleaning,shaping,and obturation of the root canal,posing challenges to successful treatment outcomes.Although retrieval of separated instrument is often feasible,it carries risks including perforation,excessive removal of tooth structure and root fractures.Effective management of separated instruments requires a comprehensive understanding of the contributing factors,meticulous preoperative assessment,and precise evaluation of the retrieval difficulty.The application of appropriate retrieval techniques is essential to minimize complications and optimize clinical outcomes.The current manuscript provides a framework for understanding the causes,risk factors,and clinical management principles of instrument separation.By integrating effective strategies,endodontists can enhance decision-making,improve endodontic treatment success and ensure the preservation of natural dentition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12072027,62103052,61603346 and 62103379)the Henan Key Laboratory of General Aviation Technology,China(No.ZHKF-230201)+3 种基金the Funding for the Open Research Project of the Rotor Aerodynamics Key Laboratory,China(No.RAL20200101)the Key Research and Development Program of Henan Province,China(Nos.241111222000 and 241111222900)the Key Science and Technology Program of Henan Province,China(No.232102220067)the Scholarship Funding from the China Scholarship Council(No.202206030079).
文摘In global navigation satellite system denial environment,cross-view geo-localization based on image retrieval presents an exceedingly critical visual localization solution for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)systems.The essence of cross-view geo-localization resides in matching images containing the same geographical targets from disparate platforms,such as UAV-view and satellite-view images.However,images of the same geographical targets may suffer from occlusions and geometric distortions due to variations in the capturing platform,view,and timing.The existing methods predominantly extract features by segmenting feature maps,which overlook the holistic semantic distribution and structural information of objects,resulting in loss of image information.To address these challenges,dilated neighborhood attention Transformer is employed as the feature extraction backbone,and Multi-feature representations based on Multi-scale Hierarchical Contextual Aggregation(MMHCA)is proposed.In the proposed MMHCA method,the multiscale hierarchical contextual aggregation method is utilized to extract contextual information from local to global across various granularity levels,establishing feature associations of contextual information with global and local information in the image.Subsequently,the multi-feature representations method is utilized to obtain rich discriminative feature information,bolstering the robustness of model in scenarios characterized by positional shifts,varying distances,and scale ambiguities.Comprehensive experiments conducted on the extensively utilized University-1652 and SUES-200 benchmarks indicate that the MMHCA method surpasses the existing techniques.showing outstanding results in UAV localization and navigation.
基金funded by the Institute of InformationTechnology,VietnamAcademy of Science and Technology(project number CSCL02.02/22-23)“Research and Development of Methods for Searching Similar Trademark Images Using Machine Learning to Support Trademark Examination in Vietnam”.
文摘Image-based similar trademark retrieval is a time-consuming and labor-intensive task in the trademark examination process.This paper aims to support trademark examiners by training Deep Convolutional Neural Network(DCNN)models for effective Trademark Image Retrieval(TIR).To achieve this goal,we first develop a novel labeling method that automatically generates hundreds of thousands of labeled similar and dissimilar trademark image pairs using accompanying data fields such as citation lists,Vienna classification(VC)codes,and trademark ownership information.This approach eliminates the need for manual labeling and provides a large-scale dataset suitable for training deep learning models.We then train DCNN models based on Siamese and Triplet architectures,evaluating various feature extractors to determine the most effective configuration.Furthermore,we present an Adapted Contrastive Loss Function(ACLF)for the trademark retrieval task,specifically engineered to mitigate the influence of noisy labels found in automatically created datasets.Experimental results indicate that our proposed model(Efficient-Net_v21_Siamese)performs best at both True Negative Rate(TNR)threshold levels,TNR 0.9 and TNR 0.95,with==respective True Positive Rates(TPRs)of 77.7%and 70.8%and accuracies of 83.9%and 80.4%.Additionally,when testing on the public trademark dataset METU_v2,our model achieves a normalized average rank(NAR)of 0.0169,outperforming the current state-of-the-art(SOTA)model.Based on these findings,we estimate that considering only approximately 10%of the returned trademarks would be sufficient,significantly reducing the review time.Therefore,the paper highlights the potential of utilizing national trademark data to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of trademark retrieval systems,ultimately supporting trademark examiners in their evaluation tasks.
文摘Pill image recognition is an important field in computer vision.It has become a vital technology in healthcare and pharmaceuticals due to the necessity for precise medication identification to prevent errors and ensure patient safety.This survey examines the current state of pill image recognition,focusing on advancements,methodologies,and the challenges that remain unresolved.It provides a comprehensive overview of traditional image processing-based,machine learning-based,deep learning-based,and hybrid-based methods,and aims to explore the ongoing difficulties in the field.We summarize and classify the methods used in each article,compare the strengths and weaknesses of traditional image processing-based,machine learning-based,deep learning-based,and hybrid-based methods,and review benchmark datasets for pill image recognition.Additionally,we compare the performance of proposed methods on popular benchmark datasets.This survey applies recent advancements,such as Transformer models and cutting-edge technologies like Augmented Reality(AR),to discuss potential research directions and conclude the review.By offering a holistic perspective,this paper aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners striving to advance the field of pill image recognition.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2394531)the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFF1206500)+1 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2018SHZDZX01)ZJ Lab,and the Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology,China.
文摘DDeeaarr EEddiittoorr,,The encoding and retrieval of emotional memories demands intricate interplay within the limbic network,where the network state is subject to significant reconfiguration by learning-induced plasticity,behavioral state,and contextual information[1].
基金supported by the National Science Foundations of China(No.61905256)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC0214702)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2020439)。
文摘This study describes the use of the weighted multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique(WMART)to obtain vertical ozone profiles from limb observations performed by the scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric chartography(SCIAMACHY).This technique is based on SaskMART(the combination of the multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique and SaskTRAN radiative transfer model),which was originally developed for optical spectrometer and infrared imaging system(OSIRIS)data.One of the objectives of this study was to obtain consistent ozone profiles from the two satellites.In this study,the WMART algorithm is combined with a radiative transfer model(SCIATRAN),as well as a set of measurement vectors comprising five Hartley pairing vectors(HPVs)and one Chappuis triplet vector(CTV),to retrieve ozone profiles in the altitude range of 10–69 km.Considering that the weighting factors in WMART have a significant effect on the retrievals,we propose a novel approach to calculate the pair/triplet weighting factors using wavelength weighting functions.The results of the application of the proposed ozone retrieval scheme are compared with the SCIAMACHY v3.5 ozone product by University of Bremen and validated against profiles derived from other passive satellite observations or measured by ozonesondes.Between 18 and 55 km,the retrieved ozone profiles typically agree with data from the SCIAMACHY ozone product within 5%for tropics and middle latitudes,whereas a negative deviation exists between 35 and 50 km for northern high latitudes,with a deviation of less than 10%above 50 km.Comparison of the retrieved profiles with microwave limb sounder(MLS)v5.0 indicates that the difference is within±5%between 18 and 55 km,and an agreement within 10%is achieved in other altitudes for tropics and middle latitudes.Comparison of the retrieved profiles with OSIRIS v7.1 indicates that the average deviation is within±5%between 20 and 59 km,and difference of approximately 10%is achieved below 20 km.Compared with ozonesondes data,a general validity of the retrievals is no more than 5%between 15 and 30 km.
文摘Background:Testicular sperm aspiration(TESA)is a minimally invasive testicular sperm retrieval technique that has been utilized in the treatment of male factor infertility.We sought to evaluate sperm retrieval outcomes of primary and redo TESA in men with severe oligoasthenoteratozoospermia(OAT)and obstructive azoospermia(OA).Methods:This is a retrospective analysis of consecutive TESAs(primary and redo)for men with severe OAT and OA performed between January 2011 and August 2022 at a high-volume infertility center.We compared TESA outcomes in men with severe OAT to those with OA and compared outcomes of men who underwent primary and redo TESA on the same testicular unit.Results:439 TESAs(366 primary and 73 redo)in men with severe OAT(n=133)and OA(n=306)were included.Men with OA had significantly higher sperm retrieval rate(SRR)and motile SRR compared to men with severe OAT(99%vs.95%and 98%vs.83%,respectively,p<0.05).The requirement for multiple biopsies and the total number of aspirates were significantly lower in men with OA compared to those with severe OAT(15%vs.32%and 1.2±0.5 vs.1.4±0.7,respectively,p<0.05).In both groups,SRR,motile SRR,the requirement for multiple biopsies,and the total number of aspirates were not significantly different in primary compared to redo cases.Conclusion:Our data demonstrate that TESA retrieval rates are significantly higher in men with OA compared to those with severe OAT.The data also demonstrate that a redo TESA in these men is as effective as a primary TESA,suggesting that areas of active spermatogenesis are preserved 6 months after TESA.
基金The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,for funding this work through the Small Research Group Project under Grant Number RGP.1/316/45.
文摘Content-Based Image Retrieval(CBIR)and image mining are becoming more important study fields in computer vision due to their wide range of applications in healthcare,security,and various domains.The image retrieval system mainly relies on the efficiency and accuracy of the classification models.This research addresses the challenge of enhancing the image retrieval system by developing a novel approach,EfficientNet-Convolutional Neural Network(EffNet-CNN).The key objective of this research is to evaluate the proposed EffNet-CNN model’s performance in image classification,image mining,and CBIR.The novelty of the proposed EffNet-CNN model includes the integration of different techniques and modifications.The model includes the Mahalanobis distance metric for feature matching,which enhances the similarity measurements.The model extends EfficientNet architecture by incorporating additional convolutional layers,batch normalization,dropout,and pooling layers for improved hierarchical feature extraction.A systematic hyperparameter optimization using SGD,performance evaluation with three datasets,and data normalization for improving feature representations.The EffNet-CNN is assessed utilizing precision,accuracy,F-measure,and recall metrics across MS-COCO,CIFAR-10 and 100 datasets.The model achieved accuracy values ranging from 90.60%to 95.90%for the MS-COCO dataset,96.8%to 98.3%for the CIFAR-10 dataset and 92.9%to 98.6%for the CIFAR-100 dataset.A validation of the EffNet-CNN model’s results with other models reveals the proposed model’s superior performance.The results highlight the potential of the EffNet-CNN model proposed for image classification and its usefulness in image mining and CBIR.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF0711603)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA28020503)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42371399,42301431)Basic Research Program of Jiangsu(Grant No.BK20240112)the Science and Technology Planning Project of NIGLAS(Grant No.2022NIGLAS-CJH04).
文摘Reliable surface height observations over inland water bodies are useful for understanding the hydrological cycle.Satellite radar altimetry particularly contributed with its long-term archive and minimal cloud interference.Specialized inland water altimetry,developed from oceanography and geodesy,is still being extensively investigated.By synthesizing pioneering studies on“retracking algorithms”,this review demonstrates,from a user perspective,why optimizing conventional retracking is still important and how it can extend reliable historical water level retrieval over more ungauged sites.Numerous unrevealed inland water bodies have small sizes or complex surroundings,posing challenges to maintaining accuracy.Applications have shown that a critical key lies in the retracking correction during range retrieval(uncertainty likely on the order of meters),compared with other corrections(on the order of centimeters or decimeters).From multiple uncertainty factors in range retrieval,signal entanglements from land contamination and off-nadir effects are core issues.We evaluate and compared key strategies from prototype retrackers to improved retrackers,especially the empirical ones optimized for inland waters.Sub-waveform extraction and adjustment for Delay-Doppler modes has advanced range retrieval to a new stage.Four innovative inland-water-compatible retrackers are introduced in detail,with a highlight on their distinct approaches to robustly improve performance.Considering the selection of different data and retrackers in varying scenarios,a synthesis analysis is conducted based on results reported in previous literature.In conclusion,the empirical retracking has been enhanced to offer stable decimeter-level accuracy in intricate landscapes(e.g.,small lakes and rivers with varied surroundings).In comparison,the physical retracking has been upgraded to provide greater precision for homogeneous surface in large lakes.For future inland water altimetry,we articulate how additionally retracked results can benefit hydrological applications,and what difficulties would arise when extending study scales.
