China＇s image in Africa depends on an ＇African China success story＇. First decade of the 21st Century experienced a rise in efforts to cultivate public diplomacy among different nations to augment practices in bila...China＇s image in Africa depends on an ＇African China success story＇. First decade of the 21st Century experienced a rise in efforts to cultivate public diplomacy among different nations to augment practices in bilateral relations. Public diplomacy has been mostly pronounced within the framework of soft power as a means of establishing appeal and grounding the likeability of one＇s nation in foreign shores. China has been at the forefront of cultivating means of public diplomacy in their new spheres of influence as it positions itself on the global centre stage. The promotion and success of the Chinese Dream by President Xi Jinping ought to be viewed within the context of efforts by China to complement the usual foreign policy practices through public diplomacy.展开更多
The resting zone(RZ)in mammalian growth plates is critical for maintaining and regulating chondrocyte turnover during longitudinal bone growth as a control tower and stem cell reservoir.Although recent lineage tracing...The resting zone(RZ)in mammalian growth plates is critical for maintaining and regulating chondrocyte turnover during longitudinal bone growth as a control tower and stem cell reservoir.Although recent lineage tracing studies have identified several markers for stem cells in the RZ,these markers only partially label chondrocytes in the RZ,suggesting that the resting chondrocytes(RCs)are a heterogeneous population with different types of stem cells.Since a comprehensive marker for RCs is still lacking,the RZ is generally determined based on ambiguous histological criteria,such as small and round chondrocytes without columnar formation,which may lead to inconsistencies among researchers.Therefore,in this study,we used single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNAseq)of growth plate chondrocytes followed by validation by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)to precisely annotate cell clusters in scRNAseq and search for a marker of RCs.The scRNAseq analysis revealed that apolipoprotein E(Apoe)was the tophit gene,which was ubiquitously expressed in the RC cluster.FISH confirmed that Apoe was exclusively localized to the histologically defined RZ.In newly generated Apoe^(mCherry)knock-in mice,we further confirmed that mCherry expression mirrored the distribution of Apoe-expressing chondrocytes in the RZ particularly after the formation of the secondary ossification center.These mCherry+RCs were slow cycling in vivo and exhibited stem cell properties in vitro.Moreover,APOE was detected in human growth plate RCs.These findings suggest that apolipoprotein E is a novel pan-RC marker in both mouse and human growth plates.展开更多
AIM:To analyze whether alterations of voxel mirror homology connectivity(VMHC)values,as determined by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rsfMRI),occur in cerebral regions of patients with hypertensive...AIM:To analyze whether alterations of voxel mirror homology connectivity(VMHC)values,as determined by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rsfMRI),occur in cerebral regions of patients with hypertensive retinopathy(HR)and to determine the relationship between VMHC values and clinical characteristics in patients with HR.METHODS:Twenty-one patients with HR and 21 agematched healthy controls(HCs)were assessed by rsfMRI scanning.The functional connectivity between the hemispheres of the cerebrum was assessed by measuring VMHC,with the ability of VMHC to distinguish between the HR and HC groups assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Differences in the demographic and clinical characteristics of the HR and HC groups were analyzed by independent sample t-tests.The relationship between average VMHC in several brain areas of HR patients and clinical features was determined using Pearson correlation analysis.RESULTS:Mean VMHC values of the bilateral cuneus gyrus(BA19),bilateral middle orbitofrontal gyrus(BA47),bilateral middle temporal gyrus(BA39)and bilateral superior medial frontal gyrus(BA9)were lower in the HR than in the HC group.CONCLUSION:VMHC values can predict the development of early HR,prevent the transformation of hypertensive microangiopathy,and provide useful information explaining the changes in neural mechanism associated with HR.展开更多
RESTful APIs have been adopted as the standard way of developing web services,allowing for smooth communication between clients and servers.Their simplicity,scalability,and compatibility have made them crucial to mode...RESTful APIs have been adopted as the standard way of developing web services,allowing for smooth communication between clients and servers.Their simplicity,scalability,and compatibility have made them crucial to modern web environments.However,the increased adoption of RESTful APIs has simultaneously exposed these interfaces to significant security threats that jeopardize the availability,confidentiality,and integrity of web services.This survey focuses exclusively on RESTful APIs,providing an in-depth perspective distinct from studies addressing other API types such as GraphQL or SOAP.We highlight concrete threats-such as injection attacks and insecure direct object references(IDOR)-to illustrate the evolving risk landscape.Our work systematically reviews state-of-the-art detection methods,including static code analysis and penetration testing,and proposes a novel taxonomy that categorizes vulnerabilities such as authentication and authorization issues.Unlike existing taxonomies focused on general web or network-level threats,our taxonomy emphasizes API-specific design flaws and operational dependencies,offering a more granular and actionable framework for RESTful API security.By critically assessing current detection methodologies and identifying key research gaps,we offer a structured framework that advances the understanding and mitigation of RESTful API vulnerabilities.Ultimately,this work aims to drive significant advancements in API security,thereby enhancing the resilience of web services against evolving cyber threats.展开更多
In this study,we systematically tested the hypothesis that during the critical developmental period of adolescence,on a macro scale,the concentrations of major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters(glutamate/glu...In this study,we systematically tested the hypothesis that during the critical developmental period of adolescence,on a macro scale,the concentrations of major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters(glutamate/glutamine andγ‑aminobutyric acid[GABA])in the dorsal and ventral lateral prefrontal cortex are associated with the brain’s functional connectivity and an individual’s psychopathology.Neurotransmitters were measured via magnetic resonance spectroscopy while functional connectivity was measured with resting-state fMRI(n=121).Seed-based and network-based analyses revealed associations of neurotransmitter concentrations and functional connectivities between regions/networks that are connected to prefrontal cortices via structural connections that are thought to be under dynamic development during adolescence.These regions tend to be boundary areas between functional networks.Furthermore,several connectivities were found to be associated with individual’s levels of internalizing psychopathology.These findings provide insights into specific neurochemical mechanisms underlying the brain’s macroscale functional organization,its development during adolescence,and its potential associations with symptoms associated with internalizing psychopathology.展开更多
The dependence of energy metabolism on temperature is universally recognized as a critical physiological hallmark for evaluating the susceptibility of ectothermic organisms to global warming.However,the underlying phy...The dependence of energy metabolism on temperature is universally recognized as a critical physiological hallmark for evaluating the susceptibility of ectothermic organisms to global warming.However,the underlying physiological and biochemical bases of this temperature dependence remain largely unknown.In this study,we conducted a simulated climate warming experiment under seminatural enclosure conditions and compared the differences in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and key metabolic enzyme activities between the warming and control groups of Takydromus septentrionalis at various test temperatures.We found that the activities of hexokinase,lactate dehydrogenase,alanine aminotransferase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase of T.septentrionalis were not affected by climate warming,despite a decrease in RMR measured at high temperatures of 34°C and 38°C.Overall,these findings suggest that artificial warming simulating climate change can lead to a decline in RMR,but does not alter the activity of key metabolic enzymes.Our study provides insight into how climate warming influences the energy metabolism of lizards.展开更多
Harmful algal blooms(HABs)of dinoflagellates pose significant threats to aquaculture,marine ecosystems,and human health.While resting cysts have been well known for their vital roles in initiating HABs of dinoflagella...Harmful algal blooms(HABs)of dinoflagellates pose significant threats to aquaculture,marine ecosystems,and human health.While resting cysts have been well known for their vital roles in initiating HABs of dinoflagellates,mapping results of the cyst abundance and distribution in marine sediments have been also well documented to be a highly valuable predictor,and thus can be used as a basis to assess the risk of HABs.We attempted to establish a framework for the risk assessment of dinoflagellate HABs based mainly on cyst-mapping of marine sediments and a case application of it to the risk assessment of HABs in the Yellow Sea.In the framework,firstly,the targeted marine area subjected to the assessment was determined and gridded into different assessment units according to their geography,administration,and ecological or economic function.Secondly,the dinoflagellate cyst abundance from the surface sediment,HABs records,and the monitoring results of vegetative cells for all or particular species of concern were collected experimentally or by literature search,as three main indicators scored and weighted respectively with different values.The scoring and weighting process was based on scientific reasoning and empirical consideration as detailed in the text.Thirdly,the risk of HABs occurrences for all or any particular species of concern at each site was ranked with five levels according to the calculated risk values.Finally,the final evaluation results were presented with tables,matrix diagrams,and color-coded textual annotations on nautical charts.As a case application,we performed a risk assessment for HABs of target species in the Yellow Sea,which warned high risks of HABs for Karlodinium veneficum,Gymnodinium catenatum,and others.This assessment framework provides a practical and testable tool for all involved stakeholders,and subject to improvement along with the advancement of ecology of HABs.展开更多
This article examines the study by Lin et al,which explores the effects of night sentry duties on cardiometabolic health in military personnel.The research identifies significant correlations between the frequency of ...This article examines the study by Lin et al,which explores the effects of night sentry duties on cardiometabolic health in military personnel.The research identifies significant correlations between the frequency of night shifts and nega-tive cardiometabolic outcomes,such as elevated resting pulse rates and lowered levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.These outcomes underscore the health risks linked to partial sleep deprivation,a common challenge in military environments.The editorial highlights the clinical significance of these findings,advocating for the implementation of targeted health interventions to mitigate these risks.Strategies such as structured sleep recovery programs and lifestyle modifications are recommended to improve the health management of military personnel engaged in nocturnal duties.By addressing these issues,military health management can better safeguard the well-being and operational readiness of its personnel.展开更多
Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder.The clinical manifestations of PD include motor symptoms,such as bradykinesia,resting tremor,rigidity,and nonmotor symptoms,which include...Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder.The clinical manifestations of PD include motor symptoms,such as bradykinesia,resting tremor,rigidity,and nonmotor symptoms,which include disturbances in sleep,gastrointestinal function,and olfaction.PD misdiagnosis rates have been reported to reach approximately 30%,partly owing to the heterogeneity of parkinsonism with non-PD pathologies,and the differential diagnosis of PD from neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple systemic atrophy(MSA)and progressive supranuclear palsy poses another unmet need.展开更多
文摘China＇s image in Africa depends on an ＇African China success story＇. First decade of the 21st Century experienced a rise in efforts to cultivate public diplomacy among different nations to augment practices in bilateral relations. Public diplomacy has been mostly pronounced within the framework of soft power as a means of establishing appeal and grounding the likeability of one＇s nation in foreign shores. China has been at the forefront of cultivating means of public diplomacy in their new spheres of influence as it positions itself on the global centre stage. The promotion and success of the Chinese Dream by President Xi Jinping ought to be viewed within the context of efforts by China to complement the usual foreign policy practices through public diplomacy.
基金supported by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (R01AR075733, R01AR083363, R21AR077654 to S.O.)by the Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund (MSCRF) Discovery Grant (2023-MSCRFD-6160 to S.O.)supported by the Post-Doctoral Fellowship from MSCRF (2023-MSCRFF-6176)
文摘The resting zone(RZ)in mammalian growth plates is critical for maintaining and regulating chondrocyte turnover during longitudinal bone growth as a control tower and stem cell reservoir.Although recent lineage tracing studies have identified several markers for stem cells in the RZ,these markers only partially label chondrocytes in the RZ,suggesting that the resting chondrocytes(RCs)are a heterogeneous population with different types of stem cells.Since a comprehensive marker for RCs is still lacking,the RZ is generally determined based on ambiguous histological criteria,such as small and round chondrocytes without columnar formation,which may lead to inconsistencies among researchers.Therefore,in this study,we used single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNAseq)of growth plate chondrocytes followed by validation by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)to precisely annotate cell clusters in scRNAseq and search for a marker of RCs.The scRNAseq analysis revealed that apolipoprotein E(Apoe)was the tophit gene,which was ubiquitously expressed in the RC cluster.FISH confirmed that Apoe was exclusively localized to the histologically defined RZ.In newly generated Apoe^(mCherry)knock-in mice,we further confirmed that mCherry expression mirrored the distribution of Apoe-expressing chondrocytes in the RZ particularly after the formation of the secondary ossification center.These mCherry+RCs were slow cycling in vivo and exhibited stem cell properties in vitro.Moreover,APOE was detected in human growth plate RCs.These findings suggest that apolipoprotein E is a novel pan-RC marker in both mouse and human growth plates.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160195,No.82460203).
文摘AIM:To analyze whether alterations of voxel mirror homology connectivity(VMHC)values,as determined by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rsfMRI),occur in cerebral regions of patients with hypertensive retinopathy(HR)and to determine the relationship between VMHC values and clinical characteristics in patients with HR.METHODS:Twenty-one patients with HR and 21 agematched healthy controls(HCs)were assessed by rsfMRI scanning.The functional connectivity between the hemispheres of the cerebrum was assessed by measuring VMHC,with the ability of VMHC to distinguish between the HR and HC groups assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.Differences in the demographic and clinical characteristics of the HR and HC groups were analyzed by independent sample t-tests.The relationship between average VMHC in several brain areas of HR patients and clinical features was determined using Pearson correlation analysis.RESULTS:Mean VMHC values of the bilateral cuneus gyrus(BA19),bilateral middle orbitofrontal gyrus(BA47),bilateral middle temporal gyrus(BA39)and bilateral superior medial frontal gyrus(BA9)were lower in the HR than in the HC group.CONCLUSION:VMHC values can predict the development of early HR,prevent the transformation of hypertensive microangiopathy,and provide useful information explaining the changes in neural mechanism associated with HR.
文摘RESTful APIs have been adopted as the standard way of developing web services,allowing for smooth communication between clients and servers.Their simplicity,scalability,and compatibility have made them crucial to modern web environments.However,the increased adoption of RESTful APIs has simultaneously exposed these interfaces to significant security threats that jeopardize the availability,confidentiality,and integrity of web services.This survey focuses exclusively on RESTful APIs,providing an in-depth perspective distinct from studies addressing other API types such as GraphQL or SOAP.We highlight concrete threats-such as injection attacks and insecure direct object references(IDOR)-to illustrate the evolving risk landscape.Our work systematically reviews state-of-the-art detection methods,including static code analysis and penetration testing,and proposes a novel taxonomy that categorizes vulnerabilities such as authentication and authorization issues.Unlike existing taxonomies focused on general web or network-level threats,our taxonomy emphasizes API-specific design flaws and operational dependencies,offering a more granular and actionable framework for RESTful API security.By critically assessing current detection methodologies and identifying key research gaps,we offer a structured framework that advances the understanding and mitigation of RESTful API vulnerabilities.Ultimately,this work aims to drive significant advancements in API security,thereby enhancing the resilience of web services against evolving cyber threats.
基金supported by NIMH grant R01105501(PI:MTB and BLK).
文摘In this study,we systematically tested the hypothesis that during the critical developmental period of adolescence,on a macro scale,the concentrations of major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters(glutamate/glutamine andγ‑aminobutyric acid[GABA])in the dorsal and ventral lateral prefrontal cortex are associated with the brain’s functional connectivity and an individual’s psychopathology.Neurotransmitters were measured via magnetic resonance spectroscopy while functional connectivity was measured with resting-state fMRI(n=121).Seed-based and network-based analyses revealed associations of neurotransmitter concentrations and functional connectivities between regions/networks that are connected to prefrontal cortices via structural connections that are thought to be under dynamic development during adolescence.These regions tend to be boundary areas between functional networks.Furthermore,several connectivities were found to be associated with individual’s levels of internalizing psychopathology.These findings provide insights into specific neurochemical mechanisms underlying the brain’s macroscale functional organization,its development during adolescence,and its potential associations with symptoms associated with internalizing psychopathology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.32330067,31971419,32311530110,and 32171486)。
文摘The dependence of energy metabolism on temperature is universally recognized as a critical physiological hallmark for evaluating the susceptibility of ectothermic organisms to global warming.However,the underlying physiological and biochemical bases of this temperature dependence remain largely unknown.In this study,we conducted a simulated climate warming experiment under seminatural enclosure conditions and compared the differences in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and key metabolic enzyme activities between the warming and control groups of Takydromus septentrionalis at various test temperatures.We found that the activities of hexokinase,lactate dehydrogenase,alanine aminotransferase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase of T.septentrionalis were not affected by climate warming,despite a decrease in RMR measured at high temperatures of 34°C and 38°C.Overall,these findings suggest that artificial warming simulating climate change can lead to a decline in RMR,but does not alter the activity of key metabolic enzymes.Our study provides insight into how climate warming influences the energy metabolism of lizards.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022 YFC 3105201)the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ 202203700)the Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR 2021 QD 025)。
文摘Harmful algal blooms(HABs)of dinoflagellates pose significant threats to aquaculture,marine ecosystems,and human health.While resting cysts have been well known for their vital roles in initiating HABs of dinoflagellates,mapping results of the cyst abundance and distribution in marine sediments have been also well documented to be a highly valuable predictor,and thus can be used as a basis to assess the risk of HABs.We attempted to establish a framework for the risk assessment of dinoflagellate HABs based mainly on cyst-mapping of marine sediments and a case application of it to the risk assessment of HABs in the Yellow Sea.In the framework,firstly,the targeted marine area subjected to the assessment was determined and gridded into different assessment units according to their geography,administration,and ecological or economic function.Secondly,the dinoflagellate cyst abundance from the surface sediment,HABs records,and the monitoring results of vegetative cells for all or particular species of concern were collected experimentally or by literature search,as three main indicators scored and weighted respectively with different values.The scoring and weighting process was based on scientific reasoning and empirical consideration as detailed in the text.Thirdly,the risk of HABs occurrences for all or any particular species of concern at each site was ranked with five levels according to the calculated risk values.Finally,the final evaluation results were presented with tables,matrix diagrams,and color-coded textual annotations on nautical charts.As a case application,we performed a risk assessment for HABs of target species in the Yellow Sea,which warned high risks of HABs for Karlodinium veneficum,Gymnodinium catenatum,and others.This assessment framework provides a practical and testable tool for all involved stakeholders,and subject to improvement along with the advancement of ecology of HABs.
基金Supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education,No.NRF-RS-2023-00237287.
文摘This article examines the study by Lin et al,which explores the effects of night sentry duties on cardiometabolic health in military personnel.The research identifies significant correlations between the frequency of night shifts and nega-tive cardiometabolic outcomes,such as elevated resting pulse rates and lowered levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.These outcomes underscore the health risks linked to partial sleep deprivation,a common challenge in military environments.The editorial highlights the clinical significance of these findings,advocating for the implementation of targeted health interventions to mitigate these risks.Strategies such as structured sleep recovery programs and lifestyle modifications are recommended to improve the health management of military personnel engaged in nocturnal duties.By addressing these issues,military health management can better safeguard the well-being and operational readiness of its personnel.
基金supported by Swiss Center for Applied Human Toxicology(SCAHT AP22-01)(to RN)。
文摘Parkinson's disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder.The clinical manifestations of PD include motor symptoms,such as bradykinesia,resting tremor,rigidity,and nonmotor symptoms,which include disturbances in sleep,gastrointestinal function,and olfaction.PD misdiagnosis rates have been reported to reach approximately 30%,partly owing to the heterogeneity of parkinsonism with non-PD pathologies,and the differential diagnosis of PD from neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple systemic atrophy(MSA)and progressive supranuclear palsy poses another unmet need.
