In this paper,we study variations of a plastic scintillator tile coupled to silicon photomultiplier via a dome-shaped cavity originally developed in the CALICE collaboration.Four kinds of plastic scintillator detector...In this paper,we study variations of a plastic scintillator tile coupled to silicon photomultiplier via a dome-shaped cavity originally developed in the CALICE collaboration.Four kinds of plastic scintillator detector cells with different sizes based on the structure were studied for applications in analog readout highly granular hadronic calorimeter(AHCAL)in future circular electron positron collider(CEPC)project.The responses to cosmic rays of the detector cells could reach 33.89 p.e./MIPs(minimum ionizing particles).The good results of both response uniformity and MIP detection efficiency(above 95%)show that the detector cells with larger sizes(40×40×3 and 50×50×3 mm^(3))could provide an option for AHCAL detector cells of CEPC detectors.展开更多
This paper studies how the sample rotation method is applied to the case where item nonresponse occurs in surveys. The two cases where the response to the first occasion is complete or incomplete are considered. Using...This paper studies how the sample rotation method is applied to the case where item nonresponse occurs in surveys. The two cases where the response to the first occasion is complete or incomplete are considered. Using ratio imputation method, the estimators of the current population mean are proposed, which are valid under uniform response regardless of the model and under the ratio model regardless of the response mechanism. Under uniform response, the variances of the proposed estimators are derived. Interestingly, although their expressions are similar, the estimator for the case of incomplete response on the first occasion can have smaller variance than the one for the case of complete response on the first occasion under uniform response. The linearized jackknife variance estimators are also given. These variance estimators prove to be approximately design-unbiased under uniform response. It should be noted that similar property on variance estimators has not been discussed in literature.展开更多
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11575221)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0400400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11675196.)。
文摘In this paper,we study variations of a plastic scintillator tile coupled to silicon photomultiplier via a dome-shaped cavity originally developed in the CALICE collaboration.Four kinds of plastic scintillator detector cells with different sizes based on the structure were studied for applications in analog readout highly granular hadronic calorimeter(AHCAL)in future circular electron positron collider(CEPC)project.The responses to cosmic rays of the detector cells could reach 33.89 p.e./MIPs(minimum ionizing particles).The good results of both response uniformity and MIP detection efficiency(above 95%)show that the detector cells with larger sizes(40×40×3 and 50×50×3 mm^(3))could provide an option for AHCAL detector cells of CEPC detectors.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grnat Nos. 10071091 and 19831010).
文摘This paper studies how the sample rotation method is applied to the case where item nonresponse occurs in surveys. The two cases where the response to the first occasion is complete or incomplete are considered. Using ratio imputation method, the estimators of the current population mean are proposed, which are valid under uniform response regardless of the model and under the ratio model regardless of the response mechanism. Under uniform response, the variances of the proposed estimators are derived. Interestingly, although their expressions are similar, the estimator for the case of incomplete response on the first occasion can have smaller variance than the one for the case of complete response on the first occasion under uniform response. The linearized jackknife variance estimators are also given. These variance estimators prove to be approximately design-unbiased under uniform response. It should be noted that similar property on variance estimators has not been discussed in literature.
