The work takes a new liquid-cooling plate in a power battery with pin fins inside the channel as the object.A mathematical model is established via the central composite design of the response surface to study the rel...The work takes a new liquid-cooling plate in a power battery with pin fins inside the channel as the object.A mathematical model is established via the central composite design of the response surface to study the relationships among the length,width,height,and spacing of pin fins;the maximum temperature and temperature difference of the battery module;and the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.Model accuracy is verified via variance analysis.The new liquid-cooling plate enables the power battery to work within an optimal temperature range.Appropriately increasing the length,width,and height and reducing the spacing of pin fins could reduce the temperature of the power battery module and improve the temperature uniformity.However,the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate increases.The structural parameters of the pin fins are optimized to minimize the maximum temperature and the temperature difference of the battery module as well as the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.The errors between the values predicted and actual by the simulation test are 0.58%,4%,and 0.48%,respectively,which further verifies the model accuracy.The results reveal the influence of the structural parameters of the pin fins inside the liquid-cooling plate on its heat dissipation performance and pressure drop characteristics.A theoretical basis is provided for the design of liquid-cooling plates in power batteries and the optimization of structural parameters.展开更多
Practical applications of desulfurization gypsum are limited owing to its brittleness and low strength.To overcome these challenges,researchers have developed engineered desulfurization gypsum composites(EDGCs)by inco...Practical applications of desulfurization gypsum are limited owing to its brittleness and low strength.To overcome these challenges,researchers have developed engineered desulfurization gypsum composites(EDGCs)by incorporating ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)fiber and sulfoaluminate cement(SAC).The mix ratio was optimized using response surface methodology(RSM).Experimental testing of EDGC under compressive and tensile loads led to the creation of a regression model that investigates the influence of variables and their interactions on the material’s compressive and tensile strengths.Additionally,microscopic morphology and hydration product composition were analyzed to explore the influence mechanism.The results indicated that EDGC’s compressive strength increased by up to 38.4%owing to a decreased water-binder ratio and higher SAC content.Similarly,tensile strength increased by up to 38.6%owing to increased SAC and fiber content.Moreover,EDGC demonstrated excellent strain-hardening behavior and multiple cracking characteristics,achieving a maximum tensile strain of nearly 3%.The research findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the performance of desulfurization gypsum.展开更多
The escalating production of industrial solid waste,combined with the dwindling availability of natural resources,has intensified the focus on waste recycling.However,the heterogeneity and complexity of waste pose sig...The escalating production of industrial solid waste,combined with the dwindling availability of natural resources,has intensified the focus on waste recycling.However,the heterogeneity and complexity of waste pose significant challenges to determining process parameters.In this study,burnt coal cinder(BCC),granite powder(GP),and high-calcium fly ash(Class-C FA)were used as raw materials,and the response surface methodology(RSM)and single-factor experiments were applied to optimize the process parameters for geopolymer preparation.The optimized precursor powder composition was determined to be a mass ratio of 1.6:0.9:7.3 for BCC,GP,and Class-C FA.The NaOH-precursor powder ratio and liquid-solid ratio were adjusted to 0.084 and 0.222,respectively.The curing condition was set at 80℃ for 24 h.The resulting 28 d-aged multi-solid wastes-based geopolymer exhibited a high compressive strength of61.34 MPa.The microstructure,mineral phase,and atomic bonding of geopolymers were investigated using X-ray diffraction(XRD),thermal analysis(TA),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS).Findings indicate that the compressive strength of geopolymer is most significantly influenced by the Class-C FA,followed by BCC.Furthermore,a minor addition of GP can optimize the structural density of the geopolymer.The Ca present in the Class-C FA participates in the geopolymerization,forming a hybrid N-(C)-A-S-H gel.RSM optimization facilitates the synergistic utilization of multi-solid wastes,ensuring an even distribution of gel and filler.This research establishes a theoretical framework for optimizing the preparation parameters of multi-solid wastes-based geopolymer and its subsequent applications;it holds significant scientific implications for the circular economy,resource transformation,and environmental conservation.展开更多
Background Early embryo development plays a pivotal role in determining pregnancy outcomes,postnatal development,and lifelong health.Therefore,the strategic selection of functional nutrients to enhance embryo developm...Background Early embryo development plays a pivotal role in determining pregnancy outcomes,postnatal development,and lifelong health.Therefore,the strategic selection of functional nutrients to enhance embryo development is of paramount importance.In this study,we established a stable porcine trophectoderm cell line expressing dual fluorescent reporter genes driven by the CDX2 and TEAD4 gene promoter segments using lentiviral transfection.Results Three amino acid metabolites—kynurenic acid,taurine,and tryptamine—met the minimum z-score criteria of 2.0 for both luciferase and Renilla luciferase activities and were initially identified as potential metabolites for embryo development,with their beneficial effects validated by qPCR.Given that the identified metabolites are closely related to methionine,arginine,and tryptophan,we selected these three amino acids,using lysine as a standard,and employed response surface methodology combined with our high-throughput screening cell model to efficiently screen and optimize amino acid combination conducive to early embryo development.The optimized candidate amino acid system included lysine(1.87 mmol/L),methionine(0.82 mmol/L),tryptophan(0.23 mmol/L),and arginine(3 mmol/L),with the ratio of 1:0.43:0.12:1.60.In vitro experiments confirmed that this amino acid system enhances the expression of key genes involved in early embryonic development and improves in vitro embryo adhesion.Transcriptomic analysis of blastocysts suggested that candidate amino acid system enhances early embryo development by regulating early embryonic cell cycle and differentiation,as well as improving nutrient absorption.Furthermore,based on response surface methodology,400 sows were used to verify this amino acid system,substituting arginine with the more cost-effective N-carbamoyl glutamate(NCG),a precursor of arginine.The optimal dietary amino acid requirement was predicted to be 0.71%lysine,0.32%methionine,0.22%tryptophan,and 0.10%NCG for sows during early gestation.The optimized amino acid system ratio of the feed,derived from the peripheral release of essential amino acids,was found to be 1:0.45:0.13,which is largely consistent with the results obtained from the cell model optimization.Subsequently,we furtherly verified that this optimal dietary amino acid system significantly increased total litter size,live litter size and litter weight in sows.Conclusions In summary,we successfully established a dual-fluorescent high-throughput screening cell model for the efficient identification of potential nutrients that would promote embryo development and implantation.This innovative approach overcomes the limitations of traditional amino acid nutrition studies in sows,providing a more effective model for enhancing reproductive outcomes.展开更多
The asphalt pavement industry is transforming because of the growing influence of artificial intelligence and industrial digitization.As a result of this shift,there is a stronger emphasis on advanced statistical appr...The asphalt pavement industry is transforming because of the growing influence of artificial intelligence and industrial digitization.As a result of this shift,there is a stronger emphasis on advanced statistical approaches like optimization tools like response surface methodology(RSM)and machine learning(ML)techniques.The goal of this paper is to provide a scientometric and systematic review of the application of RSM and ML applications in data-driven approaches such as optimizing,modeling,and predicting asphalt pavement performance to achieve sustainable asphalt pavements in support of numerous sustainable development goals(SDGs).These include Goals 9(sustainable infrastructure),11(urban resilience),12(sustainable construction strategies),13(climate action through optimized materials),and 17(multidisciplinary interaction).A thorough search of the ScienceDirect,Web of Science,and Scopus databases from 2010 to 2023 yielded 1249 relevant records,with 125 studies closely examined.Over the last thirteen years,there has been significant research growth in RSM and ML applications,particularly in ML-based pavement optimization.The study shows that the topic has a global presence,with notable contributions from Asia,North America,Europe,and other continents.Researchers have concentrated on utilizing sophisticated ML models such as support vector machines(SVM),artificial neural networks(ANN),and Bayesian networks for prediction.Also,the integration of RSM and ML provides a faster and more efficient method for analyzing large datasets to optimize asphalt pavement performance variables.Key contributors include the United States,China,and Malaysia,with global efforts focused on sustainable materials and approaches to reduce impact on the environment.Furthermore,the review demonstrates the integrated use of RSM and ML as transformative tools for improving sustainability,which contributes significantly to SDGs 9,11,12,13,and 17.Providing valuable insights for future research and guiding decision-making for soft computing applications for asphalt pavement projects.展开更多
In situ recycling is one of the most effective methods to dispose of earth pressure balance(EPB)shield waste muck with residual foaming agents with high moisture content.In this context,response surface methodology(RS...In situ recycling is one of the most effective methods to dispose of earth pressure balance(EPB)shield waste muck with residual foaming agents with high moisture content.In this context,response surface methodology(RSM)was employed to quantify the effects of independent variables,including flocculant dosage,defoamer dosage,and muck drying mass(MDM)and their interactions on defoaming-flocculation-dewatering indices.The polymeric aluminum chloride(PACL)and hydroxy silicone oil-glycerol polypropylene ether(H-G)were selected as the flocculant and defoamer.The contents of surfactants and foam stabilizers in residual foaming agents were determined using the proposed empirical equation.The defoaming ratio,antifoaming ratio,turbidity,moisture content,filtration loss ratio,and fall cone penetration depth were considered as dependent variables.The accuracy of developed RSM models was verified by the analysis results of variance,residuals,and paired t-test.Combined with the desirability approach,an optimal mixing ratio of 0.078 wt%PACL,0.016 wt%H-G,and 27.882 wt%MDM was recommended,leading to a defoaming ratio of 98.34 vol%for residual foams and a moisture content of 56.72 wt%for pressure-filtration cakes.Our findings were demonstrated to be able to provide useful guidance for prediction and optimization of the in situ recycling indicators of EPB shield waste muck in metro tunnel construction sites.展开更多
The objective of this study was to determine the optimal proportions of plant growth regulators for growth and non-tube rapid propagation of Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum;seedlings were utilized as the m...The objective of this study was to determine the optimal proportions of plant growth regulators for growth and non-tube rapid propagation of Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum;seedlings were utilized as the material. The effects of various combinations and concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), gibberellic acid (GA_(3)), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on growth and non-tube rapid propagation were assessed through a single-factor testing and response surface methodology. The results indicated that 6-BA at 60 mg/L, GA_(3) at 150 mg/L, and NAA at 30 mg/L were the most effective concentrations for promoting leaf buds formation in the single-factor analysis. Response surface methodology clarified the sensitivity of the proliferation rate of lateral buds to the three factors, with 6-BA being the most influential, followed by GA_(3) and NAA. The increase in leaf area was most significantly influenced by NAA, then GA_(3), and least by 6-BA, while the increase in plant height was most responsive to GA_(3), followed by 6-BA, and then NAA. The ideal concentrations of plant growth regulators were established as 6-BA at 43 mg/L, GA_(3) at 169 mg/L, and NAA at 36 mg/L. Under these conditions, the lateral bud number per plant was 2.78, with a leaf area increment of 2.87 cm2 and a plant height increment of 2.67 cm.展开更多
[Objectives] To optimize the crystallization process of ceftriaxone sodium using response surface methodology (RSM) for enhancing both the crystallization rate and the quality of the final product. [Methods] Four key ...[Objectives] To optimize the crystallization process of ceftriaxone sodium using response surface methodology (RSM) for enhancing both the crystallization rate and the quality of the final product. [Methods] Four key factors, including crystallization temperature, stirring speed, solvent drop rate, and seed crystal content, were employed as independent variables, while the crystallization rate served as the response variable. The Box-Behnken response surface method was utilized for the optimization design. [Results] The optimal parameters for the crystallization process, determined through optimization, were as follows: a temperature of 10.6 ℃, a stirring rate of 150 rpm, a solvent drop rate of 1.50 mL/min, and a seed crystal content of 0.12 g. Validation tests conducted under these conditions yielded an average crystallization rate of 94.38% for the refined product. [Conclusions] The crystallization efficiency of ceftriaxone sodium is markedly enhanced, thereby offering substantial support for its industrial production and clinical application.展开更多
This research introduces a novel approach to enhancing bucket elevator design and operation through the integration of discrete element method(DEM)simulation,design of experiments(DOE),and metaheuristic optimization a...This research introduces a novel approach to enhancing bucket elevator design and operation through the integration of discrete element method(DEM)simulation,design of experiments(DOE),and metaheuristic optimization algorithms.Specifically,the study employs the firefly algorithm(FA),a metaheuristic optimization technique,to optimize bucket elevator parameters for maximizing transport mass and mass flow rate discharge of granular materials under specified working conditions.The experimental methodology involves several key steps:screening experiments to identify significant factors affecting bucket elevator operation,central composite design(CCD)experiments to further explore these factors,and response surface methodology(RSM)to create predictive models for transport mass and mass flow rate discharge.The FA algorithm is then applied to optimize these models,and the results are validated through simulation and empirical experiments.The study validates the optimized parameters through simulation and empirical experiments,comparing results with DEM simulation.The outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of the FA algorithm in identifying optimal bucket parameters,showcasing less than 10%and 15%deviation for transport mass and mass flow rate discharge,respectively,between predicted and actual values.Overall,this research provides insights into the critical factors influencing bucket elevator operation and offers a systematic methodology for optimizing bucket parameters,contributing to more efficient material handling in various industrial applications.展开更多
Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)synthesized using tartaric acid as a capping agent have a great impact on the reaction kinetics and contribute significantly to the stability of AgNPs.The protective layer formed by tartaric...Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)synthesized using tartaric acid as a capping agent have a great impact on the reaction kinetics and contribute significantly to the stability of AgNPs.The protective layer formed by tartaric acid is an important factor that protects the silver surface and reduces potential cytotoxicity problems.These attributes are critical for assessing the compatibility of AgNPs with biological systems and making them suitable for drug delivery applications.The aim of this research is to conduct a comprehensive study of the effect of tartaric acid concentration,sonication time and temperature on the formation of silver nanoparticles.Using Response Surface Methodology(RSM)with Face-Centered Central Composite Design(FCCD),the optimization process identifies the most favorable synthesis conditions.UV-Vis spectrum regression analysis shows that AgNPs stabilized with tartaric acid are more stable than AgNPs without tartaric acid.This highlights the increased stability that tartaric acid provides in AgNP ssssynthesis.Particle size distribution analysis showed a multimodal distribution for AgNPs with tartaric acid and showed the smallest size peak with an average size of 20.53 nm.The second peak with increasing intensity shows a dominant average size of 108.8 nm accompanied by one standard deviation of 4.225 nm and a zeta potential of−11.08 mV.In contrast,AgNPs synthesized with polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)showed a unimodal particle distribution with an average particle size of 81.62 nm and a zeta potential of−2.96 mV.The more negative zeta potential of AgNP-tartaric acid indicates its increased stability.Evaluation of antibacterial activity showed that AgNPs stabilized with tartaric acid showed better performance against E.coli and B.subtilis bacteria compared with AgNPs-PVP.In summary,this study highlights the potential of tartaric acid in AgNP synthesis and suggests an avenue for the development of stable AgNPs with versatile applications.展开更多
[Objectives]To optimize the formulation and preparation of oregano oil microspheres by Box-Behnken response surface methodology.[Methods]Chitosan was used as the carrier material to prepare oregano oil microspheres by...[Objectives]To optimize the formulation and preparation of oregano oil microspheres by Box-Behnken response surface methodology.[Methods]Chitosan was used as the carrier material to prepare oregano oil microspheres by emulsion crosslinking method.The encapsulation efficiency,drug loading and ID 50 were used as the evaluation indicators,and the comprehensive score(OD)obtained by"coefficient of variation-AHP comprehensive weighting method"was used as the final evaluation indicator.The formulation design and preparation process were optimized by single factor experiment and Box-Behnken response surface methodology,and the optimal process parameters were determined.[Results]The optimal formulation and preparation process parameters of oregano oil microspheres were as follows:the ratio of oregano oil to chitosan was 2∶1,the emulsifying speed of double emulsion was 200 r/min,the amount of emulsifier in the colostrum was 4%,and the volume of curing agent was 1.0 mL.The average encapsulation efficiency was 45.33%±1.32%,the average drug loading was 30.59%±2.45%,and the median diameter(ID 50)was 52.596μm±0.023%.[Conclusions]The encapsulation efficiency,drug loading and ID 50 of oregano oil chitosan microspheres prepared by emulsion crosslinking method met the requirements.The drug-loaded microsphere not only can be used as a preparation finished product for direct application,but also be used as a product intermediate to lay a foundation for the research and development of subsequent dosage forms.展开更多
Yingshan Yunwu tea was a characteristic agricultural product in Hubei Province.It possesses special flavor and great taste.However,the lack of Yunwu tea products made it lose competition in the market.In this study,th...Yingshan Yunwu tea was a characteristic agricultural product in Hubei Province.It possesses special flavor and great taste.However,the lack of Yunwu tea products made it lose competition in the market.In this study,the peanuts with Yingshan Yunwu tea flavor were cooked,and the effect of factors on the sensory test was investigated.The single-factor experiment was performed to study all factors on the sensory score of the peanut,including tea amount,salt amount,sugar amount,flavor amount and cooking time.Then,response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken design were carried out,and the optimal formulation composition was 100 g peanuts,500 mL of water,25 g tea,5 g salt,8 g sugar and 1 g tea flavor with a sensory score of 94.3 points.This study demonstrated that the peanuts with Yingshan Yunwu flavor could be a valuable product for the market and contribute to promoting practical application of Yingshan Yunwu tea.展开更多
For the estimation of global karst carbon sink,a few conventional methods usually require the parameters that are difficult to measure,resulting in the big cost.Moreover,under the constraints of incomplete and timelin...For the estimation of global karst carbon sink,a few conventional methods usually require the parameters that are difficult to measure,resulting in the big cost.Moreover,under the constraints of incomplete and timeliness issues in the collection of data over a large region,it has remained a challenge for these methods to study global karst carbon sink.Therefore,this paper proposes estimating the global karst carbon sink,and analyzing the suitability of the response surface methodology and the fluctuating variation of karst carbon sink in global karst regions from 1951 to 2050.This paper shows that the proposed method can reduce the time of numerical calculation and is suitable for application in global weathering models;The global karst carbon sink in the future changes not only displays an upward trend but also exposures its fluctuating trend largely.This fluctuation is probably due to global warming.展开更多
Response surface methodology (RSM) using the central composite design (CCD) was applied to examine the impact of soda-anthraquinone pulping conditions on Grevillea robusta fall leaves. The pulping factors studied were...Response surface methodology (RSM) using the central composite design (CCD) was applied to examine the impact of soda-anthraquinone pulping conditions on Grevillea robusta fall leaves. The pulping factors studied were: NaOH charge 5% to 20% w/v, pulping time 30 to 180 minutes, and the anthraquinone charge 0.1 to 0.5% w/w based on the oven-dried leaves. The responses evaluated were the pulp yield, cellulose content, and the degree of delignification. Various regression models were used to evaluate the effects of varying the pulping conditions. The optimum conditions attained were;NaOH charge of 14.63%, 0.1% anthraquinone, and a pulping period of 154 minutes, corresponding to 20.68% pulp yield, 80.56% cellulose content, and 70.34% lignin removal. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), was used to determine the most important variables that improve the extraction process of cellulose. The experiment outcomes matched those predicted by the model (Predicted R2 = 0.9980, Adjusted R2 = 0.9994), demonstrating the adequacy of the model used. FTIR analysis confirmed the elimination of the non-cellulosic fiber constituents. The lignin and hemicellulose-related bands (around 1514 cm−1, 1604 cm−1, 1239 cm−1, and 1734 cm−1) decreased with chemical treatment, indicating effective cellulose extraction by the soda-anthraquinone method. Similar results were obtained by XRD, SEM and thermogravimetric analysis of the extracted cellulose. Therefore, Grevillea robusta fall leaves are suitable renewable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly non-wood biomass for cellulose extraction.展开更多
This study focuses on the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), derived from Ayous sawdust. The process involves multiple steps and a large amount of chemical products. The...This study focuses on the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), derived from Ayous sawdust. The process involves multiple steps and a large amount of chemical products. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of factors that impact the isolation process and to identify the optimal conditions for CNC isolation by using the response surface methodology. The factors that varied during the process were the quantity of MCC, the concentration of sulfuric acid, the hydrolysis time and temperature, and the ultrasonic treatment time. The response measured was the yield. The study found that with 5.80 g of microcrystalline cellulose, a sulfuric acid concentration of 63.50% (w/w), a hydrolysis time of 53 minutes, a hydrolysis temperature of 69˚C, and a sonication time of 19 minutes are the ideal conditions for isolation. The experimental yield achieved was (37.84 ± 0.99) %. The main factors influencing the process were the sulfuric acid concentration, hydrolysis time and temperature, with a significant influence (p < 0.05). Infrared characterization results showed that nanocrystals were indeed isolated. With a crystallinity of 35.23 and 79.74, respectively, for Ayous wood fiber and nanocrystalline cellulose were observed by X-ray diffraction, with the formation of type II cellulose, thermodynamically more stable than native cellulose type I.展开更多
In this study, coconut husk cellulose was employed as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent to eliminate methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The successful development of response surface...In this study, coconut husk cellulose was employed as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent to eliminate methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The successful development of response surface methodology paired with a central composite design (RSM-CCD) enabled the optimization and modelling of the adsorption process. The study investigated the individual and combined effects of three variables (pH, contact time, and initial MB dye concentration) on the adsorption of MB dye onto coconut husk cellulose. The developed RSM-CCD model exhibited a remarkable degree of precision in predicting the removal efficiency of MB dye within the specified experimental parameters. This was demonstrated by the strong regression parameters, with an R<sup>2</sup> value of 99.79% and an adjusted R<sup>2</sup> value of 99.6%. The study depicted that the optimal parameters for attaining a 98.8827% removal of MB dye using coconut husk cellulose were as follows: an initial MB dye concentration of 30 mg∙L<sup>−1</sup>, contact time of 120 minutes, and pH 7 at a fixed adsorbent dose of 0.5 g. The Freundlich isotherm model provided the most satisfactory description of the equilibrium adsorption isotherms, suggesting that MB dye adsorption onto coconut husk cellulose occurs on a heterogeneous surface. The experimental results demonstrated a strong agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, indicating that the number of active sites present on the cellulose adsorbent predominantly influences the adsorption process of MB dye. Additionally, the adsorbent made from coconut husk cellulose exhibited the potential to be reused, as it retained its efficiency for a maximum of three cycles of adsorption of MB dye. The results of this study show that coconut husk cellulose has the potential to be an effective and sustainable adsorbent for removing MB dye from aqueous solutions.展开更多
Parameters of technique to prepare vanadium pentoxide by calcination from ammonium metavanadate were optimized using central composite design of response surface methodology. A quadratic equation model for decompositi...Parameters of technique to prepare vanadium pentoxide by calcination from ammonium metavanadate were optimized using central composite design of response surface methodology. A quadratic equation model for decomposition rate was built and effects of main factors and their corresponding relationships were obtained. The results of the statistical analysis show that the decomposition rate of ammonium metavanadate is significantly affected by calcination temperature and calcination time. The optimized calcination conditions are as follows： calcination temperature 669.71 K, calcination time 35.9 min and sample mass 4.25 g. The decomposition rate of ammonium metavanadate is 99.71%,which coincides well with experimental value of 99.27% under the optimized conditions, suggesting that regressive equation fits the decomposition rates perfectly. XRD reveals that it is feasible to prepare the V2O5 by calcination from ammonium metavanadate using response surface methodology.展开更多
Identifying suitable processing window is necessary but difficult for achieving favorable microstructure and performance in extrusion of large thick-walled pipe with difficult-to-deform Inconel 625 alloy. In this work...Identifying suitable processing window is necessary but difficult for achieving favorable microstructure and performance in extrusion of large thick-walled pipe with difficult-to-deform Inconel 625 alloy. In this work, a method was established for identifying the extrusion process window considering temperature control using response surface methodology. Firstly, the response surface models, which correlate temperature rise and peak temperature to key extrusion parameters, have been developed by orthogonal regression based on finite element calculated data. Secondly, the coupled effects of the key extrusion parameters on the temperature rise and peak temperature have been disclosed based on the regression models. Lastly, suitable extrusion processing windows, which are described by contour map of peak temperature in the space of extrusion speed and initial billet temperature, have been established for different extrusion ratios. Using the identified process window, a suitable combination of the key extrusion parameters can be determined conveniently and quickly.展开更多
The uniform design and response surface methodology （RSM） are applied to the multi-objective optimization of a 2-D mixed compression scramjet inlet. The set of experimental design points on the design space is selec...The uniform design and response surface methodology （RSM） are applied to the multi-objective optimization of a 2-D mixed compression scramjet inlet. The set of experimental design points on the design space is selected by the uniform design, and the inlet performance is analyzed by computational fluid dynamics （CFD）. Then complete quadratic polynomial response surface approximation models are constructed based on the performance analysis results and then used to replace theoriginal complex inlet performance model. The optimization is conducted using a multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-Ⅱ, and the Pareto optimal solution set is obtained. Results show that the uniform design and RSM can reduce the computational complexity of numerical simulation and improve the optimization efficiency.展开更多
Device robust-design is inherently a multiple-objective optimization problem.Using design of experiments (DoE) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) can satisfy the great incentive to reduce the number of t...Device robust-design is inherently a multiple-objective optimization problem.Using design of experiments (DoE) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) can satisfy the great incentive to reduce the number of technology CAD(TCAD) simulations that need to be performed.However,the errors of RSM models might be large enough to diminish the validity of the results for some nonlinear problems.To find the feasible design space,a new method with objectives-oriented design in generations that takes the errors of RSM model into account is presented.After the augment design of experiments in promising space according to the results of RSM model in current generation,the feasible space will be emerging as the model errors deceasing.The results on FIBMOS examples show that the methodology is efficient.展开更多
基金supported by the Education and Teaching Research Project of Universities in Fujian Province(FBJY20230167).
文摘The work takes a new liquid-cooling plate in a power battery with pin fins inside the channel as the object.A mathematical model is established via the central composite design of the response surface to study the relationships among the length,width,height,and spacing of pin fins;the maximum temperature and temperature difference of the battery module;and the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.Model accuracy is verified via variance analysis.The new liquid-cooling plate enables the power battery to work within an optimal temperature range.Appropriately increasing the length,width,and height and reducing the spacing of pin fins could reduce the temperature of the power battery module and improve the temperature uniformity.However,the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate increases.The structural parameters of the pin fins are optimized to minimize the maximum temperature and the temperature difference of the battery module as well as the pressure drop of the liquid-cooling plate.The errors between the values predicted and actual by the simulation test are 0.58%,4%,and 0.48%,respectively,which further verifies the model accuracy.The results reveal the influence of the structural parameters of the pin fins inside the liquid-cooling plate on its heat dissipation performance and pressure drop characteristics.A theoretical basis is provided for the design of liquid-cooling plates in power batteries and the optimization of structural parameters.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51978504).
文摘Practical applications of desulfurization gypsum are limited owing to its brittleness and low strength.To overcome these challenges,researchers have developed engineered desulfurization gypsum composites(EDGCs)by incorporating ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE)fiber and sulfoaluminate cement(SAC).The mix ratio was optimized using response surface methodology(RSM).Experimental testing of EDGC under compressive and tensile loads led to the creation of a regression model that investigates the influence of variables and their interactions on the material’s compressive and tensile strengths.Additionally,microscopic morphology and hydration product composition were analyzed to explore the influence mechanism.The results indicated that EDGC’s compressive strength increased by up to 38.4%owing to a decreased water-binder ratio and higher SAC content.Similarly,tensile strength increased by up to 38.6%owing to increased SAC and fiber content.Moreover,EDGC demonstrated excellent strain-hardening behavior and multiple cracking characteristics,achieving a maximum tensile strain of nearly 3%.The research findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the performance of desulfurization gypsum.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.104972025RSCrc0005)the Science and Technology Project of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum(Group)Co.,LTD,China(No.yc-whlg-2023ky-03)。
文摘The escalating production of industrial solid waste,combined with the dwindling availability of natural resources,has intensified the focus on waste recycling.However,the heterogeneity and complexity of waste pose significant challenges to determining process parameters.In this study,burnt coal cinder(BCC),granite powder(GP),and high-calcium fly ash(Class-C FA)were used as raw materials,and the response surface methodology(RSM)and single-factor experiments were applied to optimize the process parameters for geopolymer preparation.The optimized precursor powder composition was determined to be a mass ratio of 1.6:0.9:7.3 for BCC,GP,and Class-C FA.The NaOH-precursor powder ratio and liquid-solid ratio were adjusted to 0.084 and 0.222,respectively.The curing condition was set at 80℃ for 24 h.The resulting 28 d-aged multi-solid wastes-based geopolymer exhibited a high compressive strength of61.34 MPa.The microstructure,mineral phase,and atomic bonding of geopolymers were investigated using X-ray diffraction(XRD),thermal analysis(TA),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS).Findings indicate that the compressive strength of geopolymer is most significantly influenced by the Class-C FA,followed by BCC.Furthermore,a minor addition of GP can optimize the structural density of the geopolymer.The Ca present in the Class-C FA participates in the geopolymerization,forming a hybrid N-(C)-A-S-H gel.RSM optimization facilitates the synergistic utilization of multi-solid wastes,ensuring an even distribution of gel and filler.This research establishes a theoretical framework for optimizing the preparation parameters of multi-solid wastes-based geopolymer and its subsequent applications;it holds significant scientific implications for the circular economy,resource transformation,and environmental conservation.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172747 and 32425052)
文摘Background Early embryo development plays a pivotal role in determining pregnancy outcomes,postnatal development,and lifelong health.Therefore,the strategic selection of functional nutrients to enhance embryo development is of paramount importance.In this study,we established a stable porcine trophectoderm cell line expressing dual fluorescent reporter genes driven by the CDX2 and TEAD4 gene promoter segments using lentiviral transfection.Results Three amino acid metabolites—kynurenic acid,taurine,and tryptamine—met the minimum z-score criteria of 2.0 for both luciferase and Renilla luciferase activities and were initially identified as potential metabolites for embryo development,with their beneficial effects validated by qPCR.Given that the identified metabolites are closely related to methionine,arginine,and tryptophan,we selected these three amino acids,using lysine as a standard,and employed response surface methodology combined with our high-throughput screening cell model to efficiently screen and optimize amino acid combination conducive to early embryo development.The optimized candidate amino acid system included lysine(1.87 mmol/L),methionine(0.82 mmol/L),tryptophan(0.23 mmol/L),and arginine(3 mmol/L),with the ratio of 1:0.43:0.12:1.60.In vitro experiments confirmed that this amino acid system enhances the expression of key genes involved in early embryonic development and improves in vitro embryo adhesion.Transcriptomic analysis of blastocysts suggested that candidate amino acid system enhances early embryo development by regulating early embryonic cell cycle and differentiation,as well as improving nutrient absorption.Furthermore,based on response surface methodology,400 sows were used to verify this amino acid system,substituting arginine with the more cost-effective N-carbamoyl glutamate(NCG),a precursor of arginine.The optimal dietary amino acid requirement was predicted to be 0.71%lysine,0.32%methionine,0.22%tryptophan,and 0.10%NCG for sows during early gestation.The optimized amino acid system ratio of the feed,derived from the peripheral release of essential amino acids,was found to be 1:0.45:0.13,which is largely consistent with the results obtained from the cell model optimization.Subsequently,we furtherly verified that this optimal dietary amino acid system significantly increased total litter size,live litter size and litter weight in sows.Conclusions In summary,we successfully established a dual-fluorescent high-throughput screening cell model for the efficient identification of potential nutrients that would promote embryo development and implantation.This innovative approach overcomes the limitations of traditional amino acid nutrition studies in sows,providing a more effective model for enhancing reproductive outcomes.
文摘The asphalt pavement industry is transforming because of the growing influence of artificial intelligence and industrial digitization.As a result of this shift,there is a stronger emphasis on advanced statistical approaches like optimization tools like response surface methodology(RSM)and machine learning(ML)techniques.The goal of this paper is to provide a scientometric and systematic review of the application of RSM and ML applications in data-driven approaches such as optimizing,modeling,and predicting asphalt pavement performance to achieve sustainable asphalt pavements in support of numerous sustainable development goals(SDGs).These include Goals 9(sustainable infrastructure),11(urban resilience),12(sustainable construction strategies),13(climate action through optimized materials),and 17(multidisciplinary interaction).A thorough search of the ScienceDirect,Web of Science,and Scopus databases from 2010 to 2023 yielded 1249 relevant records,with 125 studies closely examined.Over the last thirteen years,there has been significant research growth in RSM and ML applications,particularly in ML-based pavement optimization.The study shows that the topic has a global presence,with notable contributions from Asia,North America,Europe,and other continents.Researchers have concentrated on utilizing sophisticated ML models such as support vector machines(SVM),artificial neural networks(ANN),and Bayesian networks for prediction.Also,the integration of RSM and ML provides a faster and more efficient method for analyzing large datasets to optimize asphalt pavement performance variables.Key contributors include the United States,China,and Malaysia,with global efforts focused on sustainable materials and approaches to reduce impact on the environment.Furthermore,the review demonstrates the integrated use of RSM and ML as transformative tools for improving sustainability,which contributes significantly to SDGs 9,11,12,13,and 17.Providing valuable insights for future research and guiding decision-making for soft computing applications for asphalt pavement projects.
基金supported by the National Youth Top-notch Talent Support Program of China(Grant No.00389335)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52378392)the“Foal Eagle Program”Youth Top-notch Talent Project of Fujian Province(Grant No.00387088).
文摘In situ recycling is one of the most effective methods to dispose of earth pressure balance(EPB)shield waste muck with residual foaming agents with high moisture content.In this context,response surface methodology(RSM)was employed to quantify the effects of independent variables,including flocculant dosage,defoamer dosage,and muck drying mass(MDM)and their interactions on defoaming-flocculation-dewatering indices.The polymeric aluminum chloride(PACL)and hydroxy silicone oil-glycerol polypropylene ether(H-G)were selected as the flocculant and defoamer.The contents of surfactants and foam stabilizers in residual foaming agents were determined using the proposed empirical equation.The defoaming ratio,antifoaming ratio,turbidity,moisture content,filtration loss ratio,and fall cone penetration depth were considered as dependent variables.The accuracy of developed RSM models was verified by the analysis results of variance,residuals,and paired t-test.Combined with the desirability approach,an optimal mixing ratio of 0.078 wt%PACL,0.016 wt%H-G,and 27.882 wt%MDM was recommended,leading to a defoaming ratio of 98.34 vol%for residual foams and a moisture content of 56.72 wt%for pressure-filtration cakes.Our findings were demonstrated to be able to provide useful guidance for prediction and optimization of the in situ recycling indicators of EPB shield waste muck in metro tunnel construction sites.
基金funded by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program“Research on Synergistic Relationship and Reintroduction Technology of C.tortisepalum var.longibracteatum and Endophytic Mycorrhizal Fungi in Eastern Sichuan”(2017JY0132)Longshan Academic Talent Research Supporting Program of SWUST(17LZX521,18LZX522).
文摘The objective of this study was to determine the optimal proportions of plant growth regulators for growth and non-tube rapid propagation of Cymbidium tortisepalum var. longibracteatum;seedlings were utilized as the material. The effects of various combinations and concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), gibberellic acid (GA_(3)), and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on growth and non-tube rapid propagation were assessed through a single-factor testing and response surface methodology. The results indicated that 6-BA at 60 mg/L, GA_(3) at 150 mg/L, and NAA at 30 mg/L were the most effective concentrations for promoting leaf buds formation in the single-factor analysis. Response surface methodology clarified the sensitivity of the proliferation rate of lateral buds to the three factors, with 6-BA being the most influential, followed by GA_(3) and NAA. The increase in leaf area was most significantly influenced by NAA, then GA_(3), and least by 6-BA, while the increase in plant height was most responsive to GA_(3), followed by 6-BA, and then NAA. The ideal concentrations of plant growth regulators were established as 6-BA at 43 mg/L, GA_(3) at 169 mg/L, and NAA at 36 mg/L. Under these conditions, the lateral bud number per plant was 2.78, with a leaf area increment of 2.87 cm2 and a plant height increment of 2.67 cm.
基金Supported by Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Funds(ZY20230102)Guilin Scientific Research and Technology Development Programme Project(2023010301-1,20220104-4)+1 种基金Guangxi Science and Technology Programme Project(GK AB24010263)Guangxi Innovation Driving Development Special Funds Project(GK AA22096020).
文摘[Objectives] To optimize the crystallization process of ceftriaxone sodium using response surface methodology (RSM) for enhancing both the crystallization rate and the quality of the final product. [Methods] Four key factors, including crystallization temperature, stirring speed, solvent drop rate, and seed crystal content, were employed as independent variables, while the crystallization rate served as the response variable. The Box-Behnken response surface method was utilized for the optimization design. [Results] The optimal parameters for the crystallization process, determined through optimization, were as follows: a temperature of 10.6 ℃, a stirring rate of 150 rpm, a solvent drop rate of 1.50 mL/min, and a seed crystal content of 0.12 g. Validation tests conducted under these conditions yielded an average crystallization rate of 94.38% for the refined product. [Conclusions] The crystallization efficiency of ceftriaxone sodium is markedly enhanced, thereby offering substantial support for its industrial production and clinical application.
基金This research was funded by the Faculty of Engineering,King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok.Contract No.ENG-NEW-66-39.
文摘This research introduces a novel approach to enhancing bucket elevator design and operation through the integration of discrete element method(DEM)simulation,design of experiments(DOE),and metaheuristic optimization algorithms.Specifically,the study employs the firefly algorithm(FA),a metaheuristic optimization technique,to optimize bucket elevator parameters for maximizing transport mass and mass flow rate discharge of granular materials under specified working conditions.The experimental methodology involves several key steps:screening experiments to identify significant factors affecting bucket elevator operation,central composite design(CCD)experiments to further explore these factors,and response surface methodology(RSM)to create predictive models for transport mass and mass flow rate discharge.The FA algorithm is then applied to optimize these models,and the results are validated through simulation and empirical experiments.The study validates the optimized parameters through simulation and empirical experiments,comparing results with DEM simulation.The outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of the FA algorithm in identifying optimal bucket parameters,showcasing less than 10%and 15%deviation for transport mass and mass flow rate discharge,respectively,between predicted and actual values.Overall,this research provides insights into the critical factors influencing bucket elevator operation and offers a systematic methodology for optimizing bucket parameters,contributing to more efficient material handling in various industrial applications.
基金funded by the Directorate of Research and Community Service (DRPM,Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat)ITS through the ITS Research Local Grant (No:1665/PKS/ITS/2023).
文摘Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)synthesized using tartaric acid as a capping agent have a great impact on the reaction kinetics and contribute significantly to the stability of AgNPs.The protective layer formed by tartaric acid is an important factor that protects the silver surface and reduces potential cytotoxicity problems.These attributes are critical for assessing the compatibility of AgNPs with biological systems and making them suitable for drug delivery applications.The aim of this research is to conduct a comprehensive study of the effect of tartaric acid concentration,sonication time and temperature on the formation of silver nanoparticles.Using Response Surface Methodology(RSM)with Face-Centered Central Composite Design(FCCD),the optimization process identifies the most favorable synthesis conditions.UV-Vis spectrum regression analysis shows that AgNPs stabilized with tartaric acid are more stable than AgNPs without tartaric acid.This highlights the increased stability that tartaric acid provides in AgNP ssssynthesis.Particle size distribution analysis showed a multimodal distribution for AgNPs with tartaric acid and showed the smallest size peak with an average size of 20.53 nm.The second peak with increasing intensity shows a dominant average size of 108.8 nm accompanied by one standard deviation of 4.225 nm and a zeta potential of−11.08 mV.In contrast,AgNPs synthesized with polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)showed a unimodal particle distribution with an average particle size of 81.62 nm and a zeta potential of−2.96 mV.The more negative zeta potential of AgNP-tartaric acid indicates its increased stability.Evaluation of antibacterial activity showed that AgNPs stabilized with tartaric acid showed better performance against E.coli and B.subtilis bacteria compared with AgNPs-PVP.In summary,this study highlights the potential of tartaric acid in AgNP synthesis and suggests an avenue for the development of stable AgNPs with versatile applications.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81560659)General Program of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(2023BAB206169)+2 种基金Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education(GJJ2200903&GJJ2200952)Science and Technology Plan of Jiangxi Provincial Health Commission(202211411)National College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202310412028&202110412041).
文摘[Objectives]To optimize the formulation and preparation of oregano oil microspheres by Box-Behnken response surface methodology.[Methods]Chitosan was used as the carrier material to prepare oregano oil microspheres by emulsion crosslinking method.The encapsulation efficiency,drug loading and ID 50 were used as the evaluation indicators,and the comprehensive score(OD)obtained by"coefficient of variation-AHP comprehensive weighting method"was used as the final evaluation indicator.The formulation design and preparation process were optimized by single factor experiment and Box-Behnken response surface methodology,and the optimal process parameters were determined.[Results]The optimal formulation and preparation process parameters of oregano oil microspheres were as follows:the ratio of oregano oil to chitosan was 2∶1,the emulsifying speed of double emulsion was 200 r/min,the amount of emulsifier in the colostrum was 4%,and the volume of curing agent was 1.0 mL.The average encapsulation efficiency was 45.33%±1.32%,the average drug loading was 30.59%±2.45%,and the median diameter(ID 50)was 52.596μm±0.023%.[Conclusions]The encapsulation efficiency,drug loading and ID 50 of oregano oil chitosan microspheres prepared by emulsion crosslinking method met the requirements.The drug-loaded microsphere not only can be used as a preparation finished product for direct application,but also be used as a product intermediate to lay a foundation for the research and development of subsequent dosage forms.
基金Supported by Youth Talent Project of Education Department Scientific Research Plan of Hubei Province(Q20232904).
文摘Yingshan Yunwu tea was a characteristic agricultural product in Hubei Province.It possesses special flavor and great taste.However,the lack of Yunwu tea products made it lose competition in the market.In this study,the peanuts with Yingshan Yunwu tea flavor were cooked,and the effect of factors on the sensory test was investigated.The single-factor experiment was performed to study all factors on the sensory score of the peanut,including tea amount,salt amount,sugar amount,flavor amount and cooking time.Then,response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken design were carried out,and the optimal formulation composition was 100 g peanuts,500 mL of water,25 g tea,5 g salt,8 g sugar and 1 g tea flavor with a sensory score of 94.3 points.This study demonstrated that the peanuts with Yingshan Yunwu flavor could be a valuable product for the market and contribute to promoting practical application of Yingshan Yunwu tea.
基金supported by the National Natural Science of China[41961065]the Guangxi Innovative Development Grand Program[GuikeAD19254002 and GuikeAA18242048]+3 种基金the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation for Innovation Research Team[2019GXNSFGA245001]the Guilin Research and Development Plan Program[20190210-2]the National Key Research and Development Program of China[2016YFB0502501]the BaGuiScholars program of Guangxi and the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics[19-050-11-12].
文摘For the estimation of global karst carbon sink,a few conventional methods usually require the parameters that are difficult to measure,resulting in the big cost.Moreover,under the constraints of incomplete and timeliness issues in the collection of data over a large region,it has remained a challenge for these methods to study global karst carbon sink.Therefore,this paper proposes estimating the global karst carbon sink,and analyzing the suitability of the response surface methodology and the fluctuating variation of karst carbon sink in global karst regions from 1951 to 2050.This paper shows that the proposed method can reduce the time of numerical calculation and is suitable for application in global weathering models;The global karst carbon sink in the future changes not only displays an upward trend but also exposures its fluctuating trend largely.This fluctuation is probably due to global warming.
文摘Response surface methodology (RSM) using the central composite design (CCD) was applied to examine the impact of soda-anthraquinone pulping conditions on Grevillea robusta fall leaves. The pulping factors studied were: NaOH charge 5% to 20% w/v, pulping time 30 to 180 minutes, and the anthraquinone charge 0.1 to 0.5% w/w based on the oven-dried leaves. The responses evaluated were the pulp yield, cellulose content, and the degree of delignification. Various regression models were used to evaluate the effects of varying the pulping conditions. The optimum conditions attained were;NaOH charge of 14.63%, 0.1% anthraquinone, and a pulping period of 154 minutes, corresponding to 20.68% pulp yield, 80.56% cellulose content, and 70.34% lignin removal. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), was used to determine the most important variables that improve the extraction process of cellulose. The experiment outcomes matched those predicted by the model (Predicted R2 = 0.9980, Adjusted R2 = 0.9994), demonstrating the adequacy of the model used. FTIR analysis confirmed the elimination of the non-cellulosic fiber constituents. The lignin and hemicellulose-related bands (around 1514 cm−1, 1604 cm−1, 1239 cm−1, and 1734 cm−1) decreased with chemical treatment, indicating effective cellulose extraction by the soda-anthraquinone method. Similar results were obtained by XRD, SEM and thermogravimetric analysis of the extracted cellulose. Therefore, Grevillea robusta fall leaves are suitable renewable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly non-wood biomass for cellulose extraction.
文摘This study focuses on the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), derived from Ayous sawdust. The process involves multiple steps and a large amount of chemical products. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of factors that impact the isolation process and to identify the optimal conditions for CNC isolation by using the response surface methodology. The factors that varied during the process were the quantity of MCC, the concentration of sulfuric acid, the hydrolysis time and temperature, and the ultrasonic treatment time. The response measured was the yield. The study found that with 5.80 g of microcrystalline cellulose, a sulfuric acid concentration of 63.50% (w/w), a hydrolysis time of 53 minutes, a hydrolysis temperature of 69˚C, and a sonication time of 19 minutes are the ideal conditions for isolation. The experimental yield achieved was (37.84 ± 0.99) %. The main factors influencing the process were the sulfuric acid concentration, hydrolysis time and temperature, with a significant influence (p < 0.05). Infrared characterization results showed that nanocrystals were indeed isolated. With a crystallinity of 35.23 and 79.74, respectively, for Ayous wood fiber and nanocrystalline cellulose were observed by X-ray diffraction, with the formation of type II cellulose, thermodynamically more stable than native cellulose type I.
文摘In this study, coconut husk cellulose was employed as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent to eliminate methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The successful development of response surface methodology paired with a central composite design (RSM-CCD) enabled the optimization and modelling of the adsorption process. The study investigated the individual and combined effects of three variables (pH, contact time, and initial MB dye concentration) on the adsorption of MB dye onto coconut husk cellulose. The developed RSM-CCD model exhibited a remarkable degree of precision in predicting the removal efficiency of MB dye within the specified experimental parameters. This was demonstrated by the strong regression parameters, with an R<sup>2</sup> value of 99.79% and an adjusted R<sup>2</sup> value of 99.6%. The study depicted that the optimal parameters for attaining a 98.8827% removal of MB dye using coconut husk cellulose were as follows: an initial MB dye concentration of 30 mg∙L<sup>−1</sup>, contact time of 120 minutes, and pH 7 at a fixed adsorbent dose of 0.5 g. The Freundlich isotherm model provided the most satisfactory description of the equilibrium adsorption isotherms, suggesting that MB dye adsorption onto coconut husk cellulose occurs on a heterogeneous surface. The experimental results demonstrated a strong agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, indicating that the number of active sites present on the cellulose adsorbent predominantly influences the adsorption process of MB dye. Additionally, the adsorbent made from coconut husk cellulose exhibited the potential to be reused, as it retained its efficiency for a maximum of three cycles of adsorption of MB dye. The results of this study show that coconut husk cellulose has the potential to be an effective and sustainable adsorbent for removing MB dye from aqueous solutions.
基金Project (50734007) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (2007GA002) supported by Science and Technology Planning of Yunnan Province, ChinaProject (2008-16) supported by Analysis and Testing Foundation of Kunming University of Science and Technology, China
文摘Parameters of technique to prepare vanadium pentoxide by calcination from ammonium metavanadate were optimized using central composite design of response surface methodology. A quadratic equation model for decomposition rate was built and effects of main factors and their corresponding relationships were obtained. The results of the statistical analysis show that the decomposition rate of ammonium metavanadate is significantly affected by calcination temperature and calcination time. The optimized calcination conditions are as follows： calcination temperature 669.71 K, calcination time 35.9 min and sample mass 4.25 g. The decomposition rate of ammonium metavanadate is 99.71%,which coincides well with experimental value of 99.27% under the optimized conditions, suggesting that regressive equation fits the decomposition rates perfectly. XRD reveals that it is feasible to prepare the V2O5 by calcination from ammonium metavanadate using response surface methodology.
基金Project(2009ZX04005-031-11)supported by the Major National Science and Technology Special Project of ChinaProject(318968)supported by the Marie Curie International Research Staff Exchange Scheme(IRSES,Mat Pro Future)within the 7th EC Framework Program(FP7)Project(B08040)supported by the 111 Plan,China
文摘Identifying suitable processing window is necessary but difficult for achieving favorable microstructure and performance in extrusion of large thick-walled pipe with difficult-to-deform Inconel 625 alloy. In this work, a method was established for identifying the extrusion process window considering temperature control using response surface methodology. Firstly, the response surface models, which correlate temperature rise and peak temperature to key extrusion parameters, have been developed by orthogonal regression based on finite element calculated data. Secondly, the coupled effects of the key extrusion parameters on the temperature rise and peak temperature have been disclosed based on the regression models. Lastly, suitable extrusion processing windows, which are described by contour map of peak temperature in the space of extrusion speed and initial billet temperature, have been established for different extrusion ratios. Using the identified process window, a suitable combination of the key extrusion parameters can be determined conveniently and quickly.
文摘The uniform design and response surface methodology （RSM） are applied to the multi-objective optimization of a 2-D mixed compression scramjet inlet. The set of experimental design points on the design space is selected by the uniform design, and the inlet performance is analyzed by computational fluid dynamics （CFD）. Then complete quadratic polynomial response surface approximation models are constructed based on the performance analysis results and then used to replace theoriginal complex inlet performance model. The optimization is conducted using a multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-Ⅱ, and the Pareto optimal solution set is obtained. Results show that the uniform design and RSM can reduce the computational complexity of numerical simulation and improve the optimization efficiency.
文摘Device robust-design is inherently a multiple-objective optimization problem.Using design of experiments (DoE) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) can satisfy the great incentive to reduce the number of technology CAD(TCAD) simulations that need to be performed.However,the errors of RSM models might be large enough to diminish the validity of the results for some nonlinear problems.To find the feasible design space,a new method with objectives-oriented design in generations that takes the errors of RSM model into account is presented.After the augment design of experiments in promising space according to the results of RSM model in current generation,the feasible space will be emerging as the model errors deceasing.The results on FIBMOS examples show that the methodology is efficient.
