A numerical model for steady state analysis and analytical expressions for the AM and FM modulation responses of DFB lasers are presented.The small signal modulation responses of 3 phase shift(PS) DFB is investigate...A numerical model for steady state analysis and analytical expressions for the AM and FM modulation responses of DFB lasers are presented.The small signal modulation responses of 3 phase shift(PS) DFB is investigated for the first time.A new method(Vector Newton method) to obtain multiple longitudinal mode of DFB lasers is used.It is demonstrated that this method is suitable for obtaining multiple solution of high nonlinear equations.Longitudinal photon density distribution and multiple longitudinal mode of 3PS DFB and simple DFB lasers are analyzed.The results show that modulation response characteristics of 3PS DFB laser is as good as that of DFB,and PS can weaken the longitudinal spatial hole burning (LHSB) effect and is in favor of single longitudinal mode operating of lasers.展开更多
CD98 heavy chain（CD98hc）,encoded by Slc3a2,is a widely expressed vertebrate membrane protein whose functions are known as facilitating amino acid transporter and mediating integrin signaling.Little is known about it...CD98 heavy chain（CD98hc）,encoded by Slc3a2,is a widely expressed vertebrate membrane protein whose functions are known as facilitating amino acid transporter and mediating integrin signaling.Little is known about its function on T lymphocyte mediated immune response to alloantigen. Here we report that we successfully deleted CD98hc in T cells by crossing mice bearing a loxP-flanked Slc3a2 allele with those expressing Cre re-combinase in T cells（CD4-Cre+）.T cell-specific deficient of CD98hc resulted in lower responses to alloantigen stimulation in mixed lymphocyte reaction assay.Heterotopic cardiac grafting was then performed from BALB/c（H-2K<sup>d</sup>） to CD98hc<sup>lox/-</sup>CD4-Cre<sup>+</sup> /C57BL/6（H-2K<sup>b</sup>） or control littermate C57BL/6 （B6） mice.We found that all CD98hc<sup>lox/</sup>-CD4-Cre<sup>+</sup> recipients had indefinite survival（MST:】100days, n=8）.In contrast,all littermate B6 recipients suffered acute rejection[MST:（7.4±0.5）d,n=12].In addition,the survival of the skin grafts from donor BALB/c mice to more than postoperative day （POD） 100 heart-bearing tolerant CD98hc<sup>lox/-</sup>CD4- Cre<sup>+</sup> recipients was significantly prolonged[MST: （15.2±2.2）d,n =5]compared that of the B6 mice [MST:（8.2±1.3）d,n=9].In consistent with graft survival, we found that the graft infiltration cells on POD7 were fewer than that of the B6 mice by FACS and immune-staining analysis.Also chemotaxis assay data revealed that the migrated CD98hc<sup>lox/-</sup>CD4-Cre<sup>+</sup> lymphocyte were less than that of B6 in the presence of different concentration of chemokines CCL2, CCL5,and CCL2 plus CCL5.In addition,a neutralizing antibody（clone 26-24）specific against CD98hc prolonged the graft survival[MST:（13.4±2.7）d,n=8; P=0.001]in the B6 recipients after they received the BALB/c mice heart.Hence our data indicated that T cell-specific deficient of CD98hc impaired proliferate in response to alloantigens and decreased migration ability result in inducing immune tolerance after cardiac transplantation.Moreover,the application of the blocked of CD98hc by monoclonal antibody is effective in the treatment of acute cardiac allograft rejection, which may be useful clinically in the future.展开更多
Reverse logistics are playing more and more important role with the development of competition and the social responsibility of enterprises.It could be divided into commission acceptance,recycling and returned goods h...Reverse logistics are playing more and more important role with the development of competition and the social responsibility of enterprises.It could be divided into commission acceptance,recycling and returned goods handling.Reverse logistics information system consists of the database establishment,network structure and logic structure design.The collection,storage,processing,transmission and output functions of the reverse logistics information system were discussed in the thesis.Eventually,it established seven modules for the reverse logistics information system including the system management module,oriented module,returning goods processing module,reverse transportation management module,information sharing module,statistical analysis module and cost control module.展开更多
Respiratory viral co-infections present significant challenges in clinical settings due to their impact on disease severity and patient outcomes.Current diagnostic methods often miss these co-infections,complicating t...Respiratory viral co-infections present significant challenges in clinical settings due to their impact on disease severity and patient outcomes.Current diagnostic methods often miss these co-infections,complicating the epidemiology and management of these cases.Research,primarily conducted in vitro and in vivo,suggests that co-infections can lead to more severe illnesses,increased hospitalization rates,and greater healthcare utilization,especially in high-risk groups such as children,the elderly,and immunocompromised individuals.Common coinfection patterns,risk factors,and their impact on disease dynamics highlight the need for advanced diagnostic techniques and tailored therapeutic strategies.Understanding the virological interactions and immune response modulation during co-infections is crucial for developing effective public health interventions and improving patient outcomes.Future research should focus on the molecular mechanisms of co-infection and the development of specific therapies to mitigate the adverse effects of these complex infections.展开更多
The development of intrinsically stretchable organic electrochemical synaptic transistors(ISOESTs)based entirely on elastomeric materials is pivotal for advancing applications requiring neuromorphic functionality unde...The development of intrinsically stretchable organic electrochemical synaptic transistors(ISOESTs)based entirely on elastomeric materials is pivotal for advancing applications requiring neuromorphic functionality under significant mechanical deformation.This study presents ISOESTs capable of replicating a comprehensive range of synaptic behaviors,including excitatory postsynaptic currents(EPSCs),paired-pulse facilitation(PPF),and transitions from short-term memory(STM)to long-term memory(LTM).Remarkably,these synaptic characteristics were preserved even when the devices were subjected to 30%uniaxial strain,demonstrating exceptional mechanical robustness and functional stability.A pixelated 5×5 array of ISOESTs exhibited minimal device-to-device variation,underscoring the scalability and uniformity of the fabrication approach.To further illustrate their potential,a neurologically integrated electronic skin(e-skin)was fabricated,incorporating these ISOESTs to enable modulation of synaptic responses.The modulation of synaptic responses was strongly correlated with electrochemical analyses,establishing a robust operational framework for programmable neuromorphic systems.Comprehensive investigations into device fabrication,operation mechanisms,and integration strategies provide critical insights into the potential of these systems for next-generation applications in wearable electronics,soft robotics,neuro-prosthetics,and human–machine interfaces.This work represents a significant step toward realizing adaptive,biologically inspired electronic platforms capable of bridging the gap between engineered systems and living tissues.展开更多
In a recent study published in Cell,1 Hou et al.presents a compelling investigation into the impact of circadian timing on the incidence and severity of acute graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD)following allogeneic hemat...In a recent study published in Cell,1 Hou et al.presents a compelling investigation into the impact of circadian timing on the incidence and severity of acute graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD)following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).Through a combination of preclinical murine models and clinical cohort analyses,the authors demonstrate that the timing of stem cell infusion relative to the recipient’s circadian rhythm plays a pivotal role in modulating immune responses posttransplantation.展开更多
Decisions made by foraging animals conform a complex process based on the integration of information from multiple external environmental stimuli and internal physiological signals,which in turn are modulated by indiv...Decisions made by foraging animals conform a complex process based on the integration of information from multiple external environmental stimuli and internal physiological signals,which in turn are modulated by individual experience and a detection threshold of each individual.For social insects in which foraging is limited to given age subcastes,individual foraging decisions may also be affected by ontogenetic shifts and colony requirements.We studied the short-term changes in foraging preferences of the generalist wasp Vespula germanica,focusing on whether the individual response to different resources could be influenced by the ontogenetic shifts and/or by social interaction with nestmates.We carried both laboratory and field experiments to confront worker wasps to a short-term resource switch between either protein or carbohydrate-based foods.We tested the response of(1)Preforager workers(no foraging experience nor interaction with other wasps),(2)Forager workers(experience in foraging and no colony feedback),and(3)Wild forager workers(foraging naturally and exposed to free interactions with nestmates).We evaluated the maxilla-labium extension response(MaLER)for laboratory assays or the landing response for field assays.We observed that for wasps deprived of colony feedback(either preforagers or foragers),the protein-rich foods acceptance threshold increased(and thus a lower level of foraging on that item was observed)if they had foraged on carbohydrates previously,whereas carbohydrates were accepted in all assays.However,wasps immersed in a natural foraging context did accept protein foods regardless of their first foraging experience and reduced the carbohydrates collected when trained on protein foods.We provide evidence that short-term changes in foraging preferences depend on the type of resource foraged and on the social interactions,but not on ontogenetic shifts.展开更多
We demonstrate a new technique of measuring differential carrier lifetime and linewidth enhancement factor in a semiconductor optical amplifier. In our method, the optical responses and fiber transfer functions of a s...We demonstrate a new technique of measuring differential carrier lifetime and linewidth enhancement factor in a semiconductor optical amplifier. In our method, the optical responses and fiber transfer functions of a self-gain modulated SOA are measured and, from these, values of carrier lifetimes and linewidth enhancement factors are determined for various SOA input optical powers.展开更多
In a recent study published in Nature,Rafei and colleagues identified the transcription factor cAMP responsive element modulator(CREM)as an important regulator in natural killer(NK)cells that have been engineered with...In a recent study published in Nature,Rafei and colleagues identified the transcription factor cAMP responsive element modulator(CREM)as an important regulator in natural killer(NK)cells that have been engineered with Chimeric antigen receptors(CARs).Their study demonstrated that CREM integrates signals from CAR activation and from interleukin-15(IL-15)stimulation and serves as a molecular brake that limits CAR-NK functionality.展开更多
The hole injection capability is essentially important for GaN-based vertical cavity surface emitting lasers[VCSELs]to enhance the laser power.In this work,we propose GaN-based VCSELs with the p-AlGaN/p-GaN structure ...The hole injection capability is essentially important for GaN-based vertical cavity surface emitting lasers[VCSELs]to enhance the laser power.In this work,we propose GaN-based VCSELs with the p-AlGaN/p-GaN structure as the p-type hole supplier to facilitate the hole injection.The p-AlGaN/p-GaN heterojunction is able to store the electric field and thus can moderately adjust the drift velocity and the kinetic energy for holes,which can improve the thermionic emission proc-ess for holes to travel across the p-type electron blocking layer[p-EBL].Besides,the valence band barrier height in the p-EBL can be reduced as a result of usage of the p-AlGaN layer.Therefore,the better stimulated radiative recombination rate and the increased laser power are obtained,thus enhancing the 3 dB frequency bandwidth.Moreover,we also inves-tigate the impact of the p-AlGaN/p-GaN structure with various AIN compositions in the p-AlGaN layer on the hole injection capabilit,the laser power,and the了dB frequency bandwidth.展开更多
Protein poly ADP-ribosylation（PARylation） is a widespread post-translational modification at DNA lesions,which is catalyzed by poly（ADP-ribose） polymerases（PARPs）.This modification regulates a number of biologic...Protein poly ADP-ribosylation（PARylation） is a widespread post-translational modification at DNA lesions,which is catalyzed by poly（ADP-ribose） polymerases（PARPs）.This modification regulates a number of biological processes including chromatin reorganization,DNA damage response（DDR）,transcriptional regulation,apoptosis,and mitosis.PARP1,functioning as a DNA damage sensor,can be activated by DNA lesions,forming PAR chains that serve as a docking platform for DNA repair factors with high biochemical complexity.Here,we highlight molecular insights into PARylation recognition,the expanding role of PARylation in DDR pathways,and the functional interaction between PARylation and ubiquitination,which will offer us a better understanding of the biological roles of this unique post-translational modification.展开更多
文摘A numerical model for steady state analysis and analytical expressions for the AM and FM modulation responses of DFB lasers are presented.The small signal modulation responses of 3 phase shift(PS) DFB is investigated for the first time.A new method(Vector Newton method) to obtain multiple longitudinal mode of DFB lasers is used.It is demonstrated that this method is suitable for obtaining multiple solution of high nonlinear equations.Longitudinal photon density distribution and multiple longitudinal mode of 3PS DFB and simple DFB lasers are analyzed.The results show that modulation response characteristics of 3PS DFB laser is as good as that of DFB,and PS can weaken the longitudinal spatial hole burning (LHSB) effect and is in favor of single longitudinal mode operating of lasers.
文摘CD98 heavy chain（CD98hc）,encoded by Slc3a2,is a widely expressed vertebrate membrane protein whose functions are known as facilitating amino acid transporter and mediating integrin signaling.Little is known about its function on T lymphocyte mediated immune response to alloantigen. Here we report that we successfully deleted CD98hc in T cells by crossing mice bearing a loxP-flanked Slc3a2 allele with those expressing Cre re-combinase in T cells（CD4-Cre+）.T cell-specific deficient of CD98hc resulted in lower responses to alloantigen stimulation in mixed lymphocyte reaction assay.Heterotopic cardiac grafting was then performed from BALB/c（H-2K<sup>d</sup>） to CD98hc<sup>lox/-</sup>CD4-Cre<sup>+</sup> /C57BL/6（H-2K<sup>b</sup>） or control littermate C57BL/6 （B6） mice.We found that all CD98hc<sup>lox/</sup>-CD4-Cre<sup>+</sup> recipients had indefinite survival（MST:】100days, n=8）.In contrast,all littermate B6 recipients suffered acute rejection[MST:（7.4±0.5）d,n=12].In addition,the survival of the skin grafts from donor BALB/c mice to more than postoperative day （POD） 100 heart-bearing tolerant CD98hc<sup>lox/-</sup>CD4- Cre<sup>+</sup> recipients was significantly prolonged[MST: （15.2±2.2）d,n =5]compared that of the B6 mice [MST:（8.2±1.3）d,n=9].In consistent with graft survival, we found that the graft infiltration cells on POD7 were fewer than that of the B6 mice by FACS and immune-staining analysis.Also chemotaxis assay data revealed that the migrated CD98hc<sup>lox/-</sup>CD4-Cre<sup>+</sup> lymphocyte were less than that of B6 in the presence of different concentration of chemokines CCL2, CCL5,and CCL2 plus CCL5.In addition,a neutralizing antibody（clone 26-24）specific against CD98hc prolonged the graft survival[MST:（13.4±2.7）d,n=8; P=0.001]in the B6 recipients after they received the BALB/c mice heart.Hence our data indicated that T cell-specific deficient of CD98hc impaired proliferate in response to alloantigens and decreased migration ability result in inducing immune tolerance after cardiac transplantation.Moreover,the application of the blocked of CD98hc by monoclonal antibody is effective in the treatment of acute cardiac allograft rejection, which may be useful clinically in the future.
基金Course Construction of Customs Practice,China(No.z201308003)
文摘Reverse logistics are playing more and more important role with the development of competition and the social responsibility of enterprises.It could be divided into commission acceptance,recycling and returned goods handling.Reverse logistics information system consists of the database establishment,network structure and logic structure design.The collection,storage,processing,transmission and output functions of the reverse logistics information system were discussed in the thesis.Eventually,it established seven modules for the reverse logistics information system including the system management module,oriented module,returning goods processing module,reverse transportation management module,information sharing module,statistical analysis module and cost control module.
文摘Respiratory viral co-infections present significant challenges in clinical settings due to their impact on disease severity and patient outcomes.Current diagnostic methods often miss these co-infections,complicating the epidemiology and management of these cases.Research,primarily conducted in vitro and in vivo,suggests that co-infections can lead to more severe illnesses,increased hospitalization rates,and greater healthcare utilization,especially in high-risk groups such as children,the elderly,and immunocompromised individuals.Common coinfection patterns,risk factors,and their impact on disease dynamics highlight the need for advanced diagnostic techniques and tailored therapeutic strategies.Understanding the virological interactions and immune response modulation during co-infections is crucial for developing effective public health interventions and improving patient outcomes.Future research should focus on the molecular mechanisms of co-infection and the development of specific therapies to mitigate the adverse effects of these complex infections.
基金supported by a New Faculty Research Grant of Pusan National University,2023support from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)(Nos.RS-2023-00222166 and RS-2025-00558955).
文摘The development of intrinsically stretchable organic electrochemical synaptic transistors(ISOESTs)based entirely on elastomeric materials is pivotal for advancing applications requiring neuromorphic functionality under significant mechanical deformation.This study presents ISOESTs capable of replicating a comprehensive range of synaptic behaviors,including excitatory postsynaptic currents(EPSCs),paired-pulse facilitation(PPF),and transitions from short-term memory(STM)to long-term memory(LTM).Remarkably,these synaptic characteristics were preserved even when the devices were subjected to 30%uniaxial strain,demonstrating exceptional mechanical robustness and functional stability.A pixelated 5×5 array of ISOESTs exhibited minimal device-to-device variation,underscoring the scalability and uniformity of the fabrication approach.To further illustrate their potential,a neurologically integrated electronic skin(e-skin)was fabricated,incorporating these ISOESTs to enable modulation of synaptic responses.The modulation of synaptic responses was strongly correlated with electrochemical analyses,establishing a robust operational framework for programmable neuromorphic systems.Comprehensive investigations into device fabrication,operation mechanisms,and integration strategies provide critical insights into the potential of these systems for next-generation applications in wearable electronics,soft robotics,neuro-prosthetics,and human–machine interfaces.This work represents a significant step toward realizing adaptive,biologically inspired electronic platforms capable of bridging the gap between engineered systems and living tissues.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:82341206)“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(grant number:2024SSYS0025)Zhejiang University Global Partnership Fund(grant number:188170*194252406/003).
文摘In a recent study published in Cell,1 Hou et al.presents a compelling investigation into the impact of circadian timing on the incidence and severity of acute graft-versus-host disease(aGVHD)following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).Through a combination of preclinical murine models and clinical cohort analyses,the authors demonstrate that the timing of stem cell infusion relative to the recipient’s circadian rhythm plays a pivotal role in modulating immune responses posttransplantation.
基金support from the Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche(IFAB)This study was financed by project BID PICT 2015-1150 provided by the "Agencia Nacional de Promocion Cientifica y Tecno-logica"(Argentina),project PUE 00692018-IFAB and project B215 from the Universidad Nacional del Comahue,Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche.
文摘Decisions made by foraging animals conform a complex process based on the integration of information from multiple external environmental stimuli and internal physiological signals,which in turn are modulated by individual experience and a detection threshold of each individual.For social insects in which foraging is limited to given age subcastes,individual foraging decisions may also be affected by ontogenetic shifts and colony requirements.We studied the short-term changes in foraging preferences of the generalist wasp Vespula germanica,focusing on whether the individual response to different resources could be influenced by the ontogenetic shifts and/or by social interaction with nestmates.We carried both laboratory and field experiments to confront worker wasps to a short-term resource switch between either protein or carbohydrate-based foods.We tested the response of(1)Preforager workers(no foraging experience nor interaction with other wasps),(2)Forager workers(experience in foraging and no colony feedback),and(3)Wild forager workers(foraging naturally and exposed to free interactions with nestmates).We evaluated the maxilla-labium extension response(MaLER)for laboratory assays or the landing response for field assays.We observed that for wasps deprived of colony feedback(either preforagers or foragers),the protein-rich foods acceptance threshold increased(and thus a lower level of foraging on that item was observed)if they had foraged on carbohydrates previously,whereas carbohydrates were accepted in all assays.However,wasps immersed in a natural foraging context did accept protein foods regardless of their first foraging experience and reduced the carbohydrates collected when trained on protein foods.We provide evidence that short-term changes in foraging preferences depend on the type of resource foraged and on the social interactions,but not on ontogenetic shifts.
文摘We demonstrate a new technique of measuring differential carrier lifetime and linewidth enhancement factor in a semiconductor optical amplifier. In our method, the optical responses and fiber transfer functions of a self-gain modulated SOA are measured and, from these, values of carrier lifetimes and linewidth enhancement factors are determined for various SOA input optical powers.
基金supported by interdisciplinary center for clinical research(IZKF)of the medical faculty of the RWTH Aachen(IZKF grant PTD 1-7)by START grant(692535AZ 019/25)funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
文摘In a recent study published in Nature,Rafei and colleagues identified the transcription factor cAMP responsive element modulator(CREM)as an important regulator in natural killer(NK)cells that have been engineered with Chimeric antigen receptors(CARs).Their study demonstrated that CREM integrates signals from CAR activation and from interleukin-15(IL-15)stimulation and serves as a molecular brake that limits CAR-NK functionality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62175061,52172140,52221001,and 52072117)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2022JJ30167)+1 种基金the Outstanding Scholarship Program of Hunan Province(2021JJ10021)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(BX20220104,2022M720046 and 2022TQ0100)。
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62074050 and 61975051)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.F2020202030)+2 种基金State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment,Hebei University of Technology(No.EERI_PI2020008)Joint Research Project for Tunghsu Group and Hebei University of Technology(No.HI1909)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nn 2019A1515111053)。
文摘The hole injection capability is essentially important for GaN-based vertical cavity surface emitting lasers[VCSELs]to enhance the laser power.In this work,we propose GaN-based VCSELs with the p-AlGaN/p-GaN structure as the p-type hole supplier to facilitate the hole injection.The p-AlGaN/p-GaN heterojunction is able to store the electric field and thus can moderately adjust the drift velocity and the kinetic energy for holes,which can improve the thermionic emission proc-ess for holes to travel across the p-type electron blocking layer[p-EBL].Besides,the valence band barrier height in the p-EBL can be reduced as a result of usage of the p-AlGaN layer.Therefore,the better stimulated radiative recombination rate and the increased laser power are obtained,thus enhancing the 3 dB frequency bandwidth.Moreover,we also inves-tigate the impact of the p-AlGaN/p-GaN structure with various AIN compositions in the p-AlGaN layer on the hole injection capabilit,the laser power,and the了dB frequency bandwidth.
基金funded by the National Institutes of Health of the United States(Grant Nos.CA132755,CA187209,and GM108647)
文摘Protein poly ADP-ribosylation（PARylation） is a widespread post-translational modification at DNA lesions,which is catalyzed by poly（ADP-ribose） polymerases（PARPs）.This modification regulates a number of biological processes including chromatin reorganization,DNA damage response（DDR）,transcriptional regulation,apoptosis,and mitosis.PARP1,functioning as a DNA damage sensor,can be activated by DNA lesions,forming PAR chains that serve as a docking platform for DNA repair factors with high biochemical complexity.Here,we highlight molecular insights into PARylation recognition,the expanding role of PARylation in DDR pathways,and the functional interaction between PARylation and ubiquitination,which will offer us a better understanding of the biological roles of this unique post-translational modification.
