Individuals,local communities,environmental associations,private organizations,and public representatives and bodies may all be aggrieved by environmental problems concerning poor air quality,illegal waste disposal,wa...Individuals,local communities,environmental associations,private organizations,and public representatives and bodies may all be aggrieved by environmental problems concerning poor air quality,illegal waste disposal,water contamination,and general pollution.Environmental complaints represent the expressions of dissatisfaction with these issues.As the timeconsuming of managing a large number of complaints,text mining may be useful for automatically extracting information on stakeholder priorities and concerns.The paper used text mining and semantic network analysis to crawl relevant keywords about environmental complaints from two online complaint submission systems:online claim submission system of Regional Agency for Prevention,Environment and Energy(Arpae)(“Contact Arpae”);and Arpae's internal platform for environmental pollution(“Environmental incident reporting portal”)in the Emilia-Romagna Region,Italy.We evaluated the total of 2477 records and classified this information based on the claim topic(air pollution,water pollution,noise pollution,waste,odor,soil,weather-climate,sea-coast,and electromagnetic radiation)and geographical distribution.Then,this paper used natural language processing to extract keywords from the dataset,and classified keywords ranking higher in Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency(TF-IDF)based on the driver,pressure,state,impact,and response(DPSIR)framework.This study provided a systemic approach to understanding the interaction between people and environment in different geographical contexts and builds sustainable and healthy communities.The results showed that most complaints are from the public and associated with air pollution and odor.Factories(particularly foundries and ceramic industries)and farms are identified as the drivers of environmental issues.Citizen believed that environmental issues mainly affect human well-being.Moreover,the keywords of“odor”,“report”,“request”,“presence”,“municipality”,and“hours”were the most influential and meaningful concepts,as demonstrated by their high degree and betweenness centrality values.Keywords connecting odor(classified as impacts)and air pollution(classified as state)were the most important(such as“odor-burnt plastic”and“odor-acrid”).Complainants perceived odor annoyance as a primary environmental concern,possibly related to two main drivers:“odor-factory”and“odorsfarms”.The proposed approach has several theoretical and practical implications:text mining may quickly and efficiently address citizen needs,providing the basis toward automating(even partially)the complaint process;and the DPSIR framework might support the planning and organization of information and the identification of stakeholder concerns and priorities,as well as metrics and indicators for their assessment.Therefore,integration of the DPSIR framework with the text mining of environmental complaints might generate a comprehensive environmental knowledge base as a prerequisite for a wider exploitation of analysis to support decision-making processes and environmental management activities.展开更多
Relying on the conceptual DPSIR framework and MODFLOW analysis,this study used a mixed approach to produce groundwater resource management solutions for the Najafabad area in central Iran.According to DPSIR results,ag...Relying on the conceptual DPSIR framework and MODFLOW analysis,this study used a mixed approach to produce groundwater resource management solutions for the Najafabad area in central Iran.According to DPSIR results,agricultural activities put the highest pressure on groundwater resources in this region.The results showed the effectiveness of reducing waterwithdrawal over 30 years in maintaining the aquifer in a state of equilibrium.The best scenario consisted of cutting down extraction by 10%over the said period.Output maps of the water table rise at the Najafabad aquifer clearly showed that the groundwater management scenario involving a 10%reduction ofwater withdrawal was the most effective solution,as itwould raise thewater level by 6.7 m.Regarding other scenarios,reducing cultivated area by 20%was found to raise the water table by 5.03 m on average,while cutting down water withdrawal by 5%increased the water table by 3.6 m,and a 10%reduction of the cultivated area resulted in a 1.85mrise.The combinedmodel proposed here can be used for similar aquifers and can aid decision-makers and managers.展开更多
[目的]“驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应”(driving force-pressure-state-impact-response,DPSIR)模型被广泛应用于可持续发展、水土资源及环境管理科学等多个领域,成为评价社会经济与生态环境协调发展程度的有效工具.然而,很少有指标能...[目的]“驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应”(driving force-pressure-state-impact-response,DPSIR)模型被广泛应用于可持续发展、水土资源及环境管理科学等多个领域,成为评价社会经济与生态环境协调发展程度的有效工具.然而,很少有指标能够反映当地有关部门对水资源的调蓄能力,尤其在一些水资源水质和水量分布差异过大的地区,为此需要对模型的响应层指标进行优化.[方法]在指标选取和权重计算过程中,针对研究区的特点,在响应层中加入了大中型水库供水覆盖范围的指标,用以反映当地有关部门对于水资源的调蓄能力;同时,在对大中型水库供水覆盖范围的评价中,综合考虑水平维度和垂直维度两方面的因素.[结果]利用地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)技术,在DPSIR模型中将水平维度和垂直维度两方面的评价结果相结合,使得大中型水库供水覆盖范围的最终评价结果与实际情况更加贴合,从而使得最终的评价结果能够更加精准地反映研究区岩溶水资源的承载力情况.[结论]大中型水库供水覆盖范围指标的引入以及评价方法很好地反映了水资源的调蓄能力,一定程度上完善了当前的水资源评价体系.展开更多
本文采用驱动力-压力-状态-影响-反应模型(Drivingforces Pressure State Impact Response,简称DPSIR模型),提出了一个广义的水资源承载能力综合评价指标体系,并提出了具体确定水资源承载能力综合评价指标的7个原则,即符合水资源可持续...本文采用驱动力-压力-状态-影响-反应模型(Drivingforces Pressure State Impact Response,简称DPSIR模型),提出了一个广义的水资源承载能力综合评价指标体系,并提出了具体确定水资源承载能力综合评价指标的7个原则,即符合水资源可持续利用的原则、本地化原则、预警性原则、反映评价目的原则、指标数量适度原则、适于量化原则和相对指标原则。根据深圳市水资源情势及社会经济发展状况,提出了深圳市水资源承载能力综合评价的9个评价指标,包括:人均GDP、万元GDP综合耗水率、城镇居民人均月生活用水量、废污水排放率、水资源开发利用率、人均水资源可利用量、水质优良率、植被覆盖率和水资源综合管理效率。应用该指标体系,采用模糊综合评判方法对深圳市2002年水资源承载能力现状评价的结果与实际情况一致。展开更多
文摘Individuals,local communities,environmental associations,private organizations,and public representatives and bodies may all be aggrieved by environmental problems concerning poor air quality,illegal waste disposal,water contamination,and general pollution.Environmental complaints represent the expressions of dissatisfaction with these issues.As the timeconsuming of managing a large number of complaints,text mining may be useful for automatically extracting information on stakeholder priorities and concerns.The paper used text mining and semantic network analysis to crawl relevant keywords about environmental complaints from two online complaint submission systems:online claim submission system of Regional Agency for Prevention,Environment and Energy(Arpae)(“Contact Arpae”);and Arpae's internal platform for environmental pollution(“Environmental incident reporting portal”)in the Emilia-Romagna Region,Italy.We evaluated the total of 2477 records and classified this information based on the claim topic(air pollution,water pollution,noise pollution,waste,odor,soil,weather-climate,sea-coast,and electromagnetic radiation)and geographical distribution.Then,this paper used natural language processing to extract keywords from the dataset,and classified keywords ranking higher in Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency(TF-IDF)based on the driver,pressure,state,impact,and response(DPSIR)framework.This study provided a systemic approach to understanding the interaction between people and environment in different geographical contexts and builds sustainable and healthy communities.The results showed that most complaints are from the public and associated with air pollution and odor.Factories(particularly foundries and ceramic industries)and farms are identified as the drivers of environmental issues.Citizen believed that environmental issues mainly affect human well-being.Moreover,the keywords of“odor”,“report”,“request”,“presence”,“municipality”,and“hours”were the most influential and meaningful concepts,as demonstrated by their high degree and betweenness centrality values.Keywords connecting odor(classified as impacts)and air pollution(classified as state)were the most important(such as“odor-burnt plastic”and“odor-acrid”).Complainants perceived odor annoyance as a primary environmental concern,possibly related to two main drivers:“odor-factory”and“odorsfarms”.The proposed approach has several theoretical and practical implications:text mining may quickly and efficiently address citizen needs,providing the basis toward automating(even partially)the complaint process;and the DPSIR framework might support the planning and organization of information and the identification of stakeholder concerns and priorities,as well as metrics and indicators for their assessment.Therefore,integration of the DPSIR framework with the text mining of environmental complaints might generate a comprehensive environmental knowledge base as a prerequisite for a wider exploitation of analysis to support decision-making processes and environmental management activities.
文摘Relying on the conceptual DPSIR framework and MODFLOW analysis,this study used a mixed approach to produce groundwater resource management solutions for the Najafabad area in central Iran.According to DPSIR results,agricultural activities put the highest pressure on groundwater resources in this region.The results showed the effectiveness of reducing waterwithdrawal over 30 years in maintaining the aquifer in a state of equilibrium.The best scenario consisted of cutting down extraction by 10%over the said period.Output maps of the water table rise at the Najafabad aquifer clearly showed that the groundwater management scenario involving a 10%reduction ofwater withdrawal was the most effective solution,as itwould raise thewater level by 6.7 m.Regarding other scenarios,reducing cultivated area by 20%was found to raise the water table by 5.03 m on average,while cutting down water withdrawal by 5%increased the water table by 3.6 m,and a 10%reduction of the cultivated area resulted in a 1.85mrise.The combinedmodel proposed here can be used for similar aquifers and can aid decision-makers and managers.
文摘[目的]“驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应”(driving force-pressure-state-impact-response,DPSIR)模型被广泛应用于可持续发展、水土资源及环境管理科学等多个领域,成为评价社会经济与生态环境协调发展程度的有效工具.然而,很少有指标能够反映当地有关部门对水资源的调蓄能力,尤其在一些水资源水质和水量分布差异过大的地区,为此需要对模型的响应层指标进行优化.[方法]在指标选取和权重计算过程中,针对研究区的特点,在响应层中加入了大中型水库供水覆盖范围的指标,用以反映当地有关部门对于水资源的调蓄能力;同时,在对大中型水库供水覆盖范围的评价中,综合考虑水平维度和垂直维度两方面的因素.[结果]利用地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)技术,在DPSIR模型中将水平维度和垂直维度两方面的评价结果相结合,使得大中型水库供水覆盖范围的最终评价结果与实际情况更加贴合,从而使得最终的评价结果能够更加精准地反映研究区岩溶水资源的承载力情况.[结论]大中型水库供水覆盖范围指标的引入以及评价方法很好地反映了水资源的调蓄能力,一定程度上完善了当前的水资源评价体系.
文摘本文采用驱动力-压力-状态-影响-反应模型(Drivingforces Pressure State Impact Response,简称DPSIR模型),提出了一个广义的水资源承载能力综合评价指标体系,并提出了具体确定水资源承载能力综合评价指标的7个原则,即符合水资源可持续利用的原则、本地化原则、预警性原则、反映评价目的原则、指标数量适度原则、适于量化原则和相对指标原则。根据深圳市水资源情势及社会经济发展状况,提出了深圳市水资源承载能力综合评价的9个评价指标,包括:人均GDP、万元GDP综合耗水率、城镇居民人均月生活用水量、废污水排放率、水资源开发利用率、人均水资源可利用量、水质优良率、植被覆盖率和水资源综合管理效率。应用该指标体系,采用模糊综合评判方法对深圳市2002年水资源承载能力现状评价的结果与实际情况一致。
