Metabolic reprogramming is a critical process in the activation and function of immune cells,wherein changes in metabolites and enzymes regulate the phenotype and function of immune cells by modulating en-ergy metabol...Metabolic reprogramming is a critical process in the activation and function of immune cells,wherein changes in metabolites and enzymes regulate the phenotype and function of immune cells by modulating en-ergy metabolic pathways and signaling cascades.1 In the realm of cancer immunotherapy,metabolic interventions in immune cells have demon-strated potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy.For instance,Minogue et al.2 found that glutaric acid from tryptophan metabolism can mod-ulate the antitumor T cell response by affecting pyruvate metabolism and𝛼-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases.The adjustment of glutaric acid levels in CD8^(+)T cells has been shown to promote central memory T cell development,reduce exhaustion markers,and enhance cell death.展开更多
In cicadas the songs are produced by vibrations of the sounding membrane driven by sounding muscles. The innervations of sounding movements are synchro-controlling type for some species and asynchro-controlling type f...In cicadas the songs are produced by vibrations of the sounding membrane driven by sounding muscles. The innervations of sounding movements are synchro-controlling type for some species and asynchro-controlling type for other species. The contracting movements of sounding muscles on both sides are synchronous for some species and alternate for other species, and the contracting frequencies are from several decade to several hundred and generally below 500 Hz. On the basis of studies on the song property and innervation of sound production in the Mingnfing cicada, the innervation frequency-response of movements in sounding muscles is studied in this note. The results provide the important basis for expounding the sounding mechanism of vari-toned songs in cicadas.展开更多
International trade matters in assessing the extent of China＇s responsibility for CO2 emis- sions. A determining factor is whether emissions are measured in production or in consumption terms. Based on a series of in...International trade matters in assessing the extent of China＇s responsibility for CO2 emis- sions. A determining factor is whether emissions are measured in production or in consumption terms. Based on a series of input-output tables, an empirical analysis is conducted to measure the impact of international trade on China＇s emissions growth during the period 1997 to 2007. The authors also measure the impact on emissions of bilateral trade between China and US, European Union and Japan. As the largest of the developing countries, China has a trade surplus that can substantially influence its measured responsibility for emissions. The authors consider some policy implications for ihternational negotiations to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions.展开更多
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number:LGD22H090003).
文摘Metabolic reprogramming is a critical process in the activation and function of immune cells,wherein changes in metabolites and enzymes regulate the phenotype and function of immune cells by modulating en-ergy metabolic pathways and signaling cascades.1 In the realm of cancer immunotherapy,metabolic interventions in immune cells have demon-strated potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy.For instance,Minogue et al.2 found that glutaric acid from tryptophan metabolism can mod-ulate the antitumor T cell response by affecting pyruvate metabolism and𝛼-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases.The adjustment of glutaric acid levels in CD8^(+)T cells has been shown to promote central memory T cell development,reduce exhaustion markers,and enhance cell death.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In cicadas the songs are produced by vibrations of the sounding membrane driven by sounding muscles. The innervations of sounding movements are synchro-controlling type for some species and asynchro-controlling type for other species. The contracting movements of sounding muscles on both sides are synchronous for some species and alternate for other species, and the contracting frequencies are from several decade to several hundred and generally below 500 Hz. On the basis of studies on the song property and innervation of sound production in the Mingnfing cicada, the innervation frequency-response of movements in sounding muscles is studied in this note. The results provide the important basis for expounding the sounding mechanism of vari-toned songs in cicadas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.71103176,71003115 and 71473246,Collaborative Innovation CenterResearch Innovation Team Supporting Plan of the Central University of Finance and Economics
文摘International trade matters in assessing the extent of China＇s responsibility for CO2 emis- sions. A determining factor is whether emissions are measured in production or in consumption terms. Based on a series of input-output tables, an empirical analysis is conducted to measure the impact of international trade on China＇s emissions growth during the period 1997 to 2007. The authors also measure the impact on emissions of bilateral trade between China and US, European Union and Japan. As the largest of the developing countries, China has a trade surplus that can substantially influence its measured responsibility for emissions. The authors consider some policy implications for ihternational negotiations to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions.
