Comfort is one of the important indicators evaluation of voice. In order to understand the urban neighborhood public space environment of comfort,this paper is to explore characteristics of consumer society on the pub...Comfort is one of the important indicators evaluation of voice. In order to understand the urban neighborhood public space environment of comfort,this paper is to explore characteristics of consumer society on the public space environment evaluation of the effect,and using the questionnaire survey method,to evaluate the Harbin city neighborhood area public space as the typical case analysis. Based on one of the main sound source in neighborhood public space,environment,business facilities environment as the breakthrough point,it is to consider neighborhood public space environment evaluation and social characteristics.展开更多
One long standing limitation of survey research is the issue of respondent error.Until present there have been no research methods able to correct for this problem.In this study we present two approaches to correct fo...One long standing limitation of survey research is the issue of respondent error.Until present there have been no research methods able to correct for this problem.In this study we present two approaches to correct for respondent error.In the first approach,we demonstrate how a valid instrument can be used,and the second approach requires two additional indicators.One is used to measure the response error and the second is used to correct for endogeneity.The second half of this study presents possible sources for valid indicators to correct for respondent error and make consistent estimation possible.展开更多
This study uses an innovative, network-based recruitment strategy (non-monetary, web-based respondent driven sampling) to gather a sample of il/legal marijuana users. Network-driven effects amongst marijuana users are...This study uses an innovative, network-based recruitment strategy (non-monetary, web-based respondent driven sampling) to gather a sample of il/legal marijuana users. Network-driven effects amongst marijuana users are examined to test the explanatory validity of several theories of social deviance. The study finds that respondent driven sampling techniques lack effectiveness without primary monetary incentives, even when meaningful secondary incentives are utilized. Additionally, the study suggests that marijuana user networks exhibit strong homophilic attachment tendencies.展开更多
Objectives:At the time of the bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma City,Oklahoma(OKC),it was the deadliest terrorist attack in the United States of America.Available research on this incident,and in general,has...Objectives:At the time of the bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma City,Oklahoma(OKC),it was the deadliest terrorist attack in the United States of America.Available research on this incident,and in general,has been quantitative,using deductive methods.The purpose of the current study was to systematically examine professional disaster response workers’emotions elicited spontaneously and in detail as they were experienced over time after a major disaster.This qualitative study will add to existing knowledge of psychopathology and the psychosocial effects of disasters on professional responders,which have not been explored by prior quantitative studies.Methods:A volunteer sample of 181 rescue and recovery workers for the 1995 bombing of the OKC Murrah Federal Building was interviewed approximately 3 years after the bombing.These responders were asked open-ended questions to elicit undirected responses in their own words.In these interviews,they were prompted to describe their feelings at 3 distinct time points:upon their arrival at the bombing scene(“immediately”),in the first 1 week following the bombing,and currently at the time of the interview(“now”).Results:Data items were coded into the 5 themes:Anticipation,Shock and awe,Negative reactions,Positive reactions,and Emotionally unengaged/unaffected.The emotional themes of the responders mapped into 2 conceptual domains.The first domain is related to common human responses to horrible events such as the bombing.The second domain is related to the professional identities of the disaster responders.Conclusions:Specific aspects of the professional responder roles asserted themselves,shaping their emotional responses distinctly from those of the bomb blast survivors.This study identified both negative and positive emotions,which may help identify risk for or resistance to posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD).展开更多
1.Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary malignancy of the liver.HCC is the sixth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-relatedmortality worldwide.[1]Part...1.Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary malignancy of the liver.HCC is the sixth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-relatedmortality worldwide.[1]Partial hepatectomy is recommended for patients with early stage HCC.[2]A large proportion of patients with HCC inChina are diagnosed in the intermediate to advanced HCC stages,rendering them ineligible for hepatectomy due to aspects such as liver dysfunction,insufficient residual liver volume,or surgical technique.展开更多
Emergency medical services (EMS) are a vital element of the public healthcare system in China,^([1])providing an opportunity to respond to critical medical conditions and save people’s lives.^([2])The accessibility o...Emergency medical services (EMS) are a vital element of the public healthcare system in China,^([1])providing an opportunity to respond to critical medical conditions and save people’s lives.^([2])The accessibility of EMS has received considerable attention in health and transport geography studies.^([3])One of the optimal gauges for evaluating the accessibility of EMS is the response time,which is defined as the time from receiving an emergency call to the arrival of an ambulance.^([4])Beijing has already reduced the response time to approximately12 min,and the next goal is to ensure that the response time across Beijing does not exceed 12 min (the information comes from the Beijing Emergency Medical Center).展开更多
In accordance with the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Inheritance and Innovation of traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),and to advance research o...In accordance with the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Inheritance and Innovation of traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),and to advance research on clinically advantageous diseases in TCM and promote academic innovation,the China Association of Chinese Medicine(CACM)convened the 31st Clinical Advantage Disease Salon(Rhinosinusitis)in Beijing on 28 March 2024.During the meeting,experts in Chinese and Western medicine conducted extensive and in-depth discussions,formulating suggestions for the integrated diagnosis and treatment of rhinosinusitis using both TCM and Western medicine approaches.This review examines the challenges in rhinosinusitis diagnosis and treatment by analyzing its occurrence and development.Given the advantages of integrating TCM and Western medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of rhinosinusitis,key scientific research points are proposed in three areas:Prediction,diagnosis and treatment,and chronic disease management.These include(1)development of a rhinosinusitis prediction model,(2)optimal timing and treatment protocols for the combined use of TCM and Western medicine in rhinosinusitis,(3)research on the mechanism of TCM in preventing and treating rhinosinusitis,(4)construction of an integrated TCM and Western medicine recurrence prevention strategy for refractory rhinosinusitis,(5)prevention and self-management strategies for chronic rhinosinusitis.Based on the salon of TCM dominant diseases of rhinosinusitis,this article proposes a research paradigm for rhinosinusitis to promote the high-quality development of TCM and provide a reference for national research direction selection.展开更多
The standard ordered response model (SORM) is a common disaggregate approach with ordered outcomes in which the effects of various exogenous attributes are assumed constant across ordinal choices. In this study, an in...The standard ordered response model (SORM) is a common disaggregate approach with ordered outcomes in which the effects of various exogenous attributes are assumed constant across ordinal choices. In this study, an innovative latent class based generalized ordered response model (LC-GORM) is formulated and used to assess the effects of various factors on respondents’ choice behavior with respect to congestion charge proposal for Jakarta, Indonesia. The proposed model probabilistically assigns respondents into selfish and altruistic class memberships (latently) based on their knowledge of the proposed scheme and their specific attributes. Aiming to capture observable preference heterogeneity across ordinal choices and allow the thresholds to be varied across observations, we parameterize the thresholds as a linear function of the exogenous variables for each ordinal preference. Using stated preference data collected in Jakarta in December 2013, we incorporate the influence of a comprehensive set of explanatory variables into four categories: charges, latent variables related to respondent’s psychological motivations, mobility attributes and socio-demographic characteristics. Empirical results obviously verify the existence of preference heterogeneity across outcomes. The findings confirm that the altruistic class are more sensitive with respect to acceptance of the scheme, while the selfish class are more sensitive with respect to rejection. The key factors influencing public acceptability include the charge level and respondent variables such as car dependency, awareness of the problem of cars in society, frequency of visits to the city center and frequency of private mode usage.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to study the sensitive response characteristics of the main agronomic traits of somaclonal and the variation of sensitive response of the lines of somaclonal to sowing date. [Method]The RITSD ch...[Objective]The aim was to study the sensitive response characteristics of the main agronomic traits of somaclonal and the variation of sensitive response of the lines of somaclonal to sowing date. [Method]The RITSD changing of agronomic traits was studied by using 24 rice somaclonal and its donor parent under two sowing dates. [Result]The average values of RITSD were higher （over one） for the traits of pant height （PH）,density of spikelets （DS）,filled spikelets per panicle （FSP）,spikelets per panicle （SP） and grain weight per plant （GWP）,but lower for days of sowing to heading （DSH）,effective panicles （EP）,panicle length （PL）,seed setting rate （SS） and 1 000-grain weight （1 000-GW）. These showed that PH,DS,FSP,SP and GWP were easily affected by sowing date and tended to higher with the later sowing; the RITSD of somaclonal changed with the agronomic traits. The frequency of RITSD＇ variation of DSH and PH was higher than that of PL. The RITSD＇ value of EP,PL,DS,FSP,SP and SS became higher,and higher or lower for DSH and GWP in different somaclonal; compared with the donor,20 of 24 was significantly different,and the frequency of RITSD variation was over 83. 3%,however,RITSD of the most lines （75%） changed only for 1-2 characters; cluster analysis showed that the RITSD of agronomic traits belonged to different combinations of somaclonal in rice. [Conclusion]the study had provided a theoretical basis for the screening and using of the somaclonal.展开更多
In order to establish the relationship between the measured dynamic response and the health status of long-span bridges, a double-layer model updating method for steel-concrete composite beam cable-stayed bridges is p...In order to establish the relationship between the measured dynamic response and the health status of long-span bridges, a double-layer model updating method for steel-concrete composite beam cable-stayed bridges is proposed. Measured frequencies are selected as the first-layer reference data, and the mass of the bridge deck, the grid density, the modulus of concrete and the ballast on the side span are modified by using a manual tuning technique. Measured global positioning system （GPS） data is selected as the second-layer reference data, and the degradation of the integral structure stiffness EI of the whole bridge is taken into account for the second-layer model updating by using the finite element iteration algorithm. The Nanpu Bridge in Shanghai is taken as a case to verify the applicability of the proposed model updating method. After the first-layer model updating, the standard deviation of modal frequencies is smaller than 7%. After the second-layer model updating, the error of the deflection of the mid-span is smaller than 10%. The integral structure stiffness of the whole bridge decreases about 20%. The research results show a good agreement between the calculated response and the measured response.展开更多
The presentation contains information on existing geodetic data for King George Island obtained from the questionnaires distributed among the members of the WGGGI.
In the course of this work which is the impact of zoological garden in schools, the questionnaire interviewed was used in the collection of data. Based on the finding it was observed that people visit zoological garde...In the course of this work which is the impact of zoological garden in schools, the questionnaire interviewed was used in the collection of data. Based on the finding it was observed that people visit zoological gardens for different purposes like educational, recreational, research, economic and cultural values. Also the chi-square (X2) is used in this research to show if there is significant difference or not. Result indicated that people from various works of life visited the zoo. Some recommendations were also made for further studies as well as the opposition of establishment of a zoo. Thus, the objectives of the this work are to identify the conservation areas in which zoos make a contribution, to develop understanding and support of the conservation potentials of zoos, to convince local zoos and conservation agencies that they can make important contributions to conservation, to help zoos formulate conservation priorities and policies and finally, to promote action of individual zoos by participation in the global zoo and other conservation network.展开更多
Building envelopes include facades and roof, which have the most interaction and exchange with outside and natural environment. In the future, meeting buildings various complicated needs with new technological advance...Building envelopes include facades and roof, which have the most interaction and exchange with outside and natural environment. In the future, meeting buildings various complicated needs with new technological advances necessitates a change and evolution in building envelopes. Controlling the energy consumption of the buildings is mostly through controlling the energy performance of the building envelopes. New technologies lead to the intelligent facades and envelopes. The envelope can be designed to be a part of the whole building＇s metabolism （energy production, storage and consumption） and morphology. The envelope would be a controlled part of the building which is managed through the central control system of the building, which connects it to other parts. It caused building envelope design to be changed fundamentally, so that there is a need to interact with engineering disciplines including computer engineering, mechanical engineering, material engineering and so on. All of these caused building envelope to get closer to biological and living systems. The physical restrictions which affect buildings system and living systems are the same. So they cause the same forces to shape the structure and form of the systems and the same rules to interact with the environment. The restrictions of material and energy resources caused living systems to be energy efficient and consuming less material. But the most important difference between living systems and building systems is in maximum use of different resources. As living systems use information maximally, the building system technology is based on using maximum energy. Now, there are many reasons and restrictions that building envelopes cannot act like living systems. But technological developments and contributing more disciplines in design and construction of building envelopes caused the future way of these envelopes get close to living systems for their energy efficiency. Some of living systems characteristics which the future building envelopes would have partially or benefit for the design process or construction are self-organization, evolution principles, hierarchical levels, processing energy, reaction to environmental stimuli and self-adjustment. Self-organization is achieved in some design software and in building material production for creating formal patterns. Evolution principles provide infrastructure for soft wares for optimization purposes and form creation. Hierarchical levels refer to giving hierarchical structure to the building envelopes through layering and designing different scales. Processing energy （metabolism） would be achieved through photovoltaic and solar collectors to produce energy and in passive systems for energy storage and distribution. Controlling solar radiation absorption and transmittance would help energy transfer from outside to building and vice versa. Reaction to environmental stimuli which is one of the most important characteristics of future building envelopes would use different types of active and passive sensors to create envelope mechanical reactions through material properties or collect data for processing in the control center to determine the right reaction. The reaction would be through different strategies such as changing properties and moving. Reaction could be passive or active. Self-adjustment can be achieved by control systems and processing units. All of these mean intelligent envelopes are essential parts of future buildings. Though it is now started with new design soft wares based on biological principles to optimize different parameters affecting the envelope function or to create the most efficient form.展开更多
A survey on different aspects of Buriganga River encroachment was conducted in a 300 meter long encroached part of the river located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 100 respondents were surveyed and three Focus Group...A survey on different aspects of Buriganga River encroachment was conducted in a 300 meter long encroached part of the river located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 100 respondents were surveyed and three Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were arranged prior to the semi-structured questionnaire survey. It was observed that almost all of the respondents migrated to the study area. The majority of the respondents had better business opportunity (69.23%) as the cause of encroachment. Significant portions of the respondents occupying the encroached area were found to be landless (36.84%), small businessmen (31.58%) and people with political affluence (26.32%). Major portions (23.33%) of the encroached land were used for industrial development as well as housing and developmental projects. Negative health impact (40%) was found to be the main adverse effect of encroachment of the river. Other adverse effects included economic loss through obliteration of fisheries (35.71%), scarcity of clean water (32.14%), reduction of aesthetic value of the surroundings (25%) etc. For the protection of the river, the majority of the respondents opted for relocation of the industries (46.15%) and enforcement of strict rules and regulations (38.46%).展开更多
The article describes and interprets the results of a study aimed at studying public opinion about the activities of national parks. The attitude of the local population to the activities of the State Institution “Na...The article describes and interprets the results of a study aimed at studying public opinion about the activities of national parks. The attitude of the local population to the activities of the State Institution “National Park of Tajikistan” was studied. A total of 40 respondents from local residents were surveyed. Fifteen local residents of Khorog, most of them educated people, students of Khorog University and teachers of the Biological Institute of the Pamirs who are familiar with the Tajik National Park in the vicinity have carried out several scientific studies. Twenty-five respondents of the residents of the Murghab district are directly the population who live in the park. They have less education, and they are more prone to a rural lifestyle, and livestock far more knowledgeable about the Tajik National Park than the residents of Khorog. Interviewed residents of the Murgab and Karakuls villages believe that the activities of the Tajik National Park should be more efficient and lay down ways to improve its activities and form a positive image. In their opinion, the employees of the national park should interact more with the local population, take into account their interests, improve information carrying out activities of the national park. Proceeding from the answers of the respondents, we can conclude that the Tajik national park is already widely known to the circle of researchers and scientific applicants as a place or testing ground for research. For the local populations who live in the park, they use it as a place for animal husbandry and natural resources. During the survey, it turned out that the park is currently being used by all means, but not protected in any way. The results of a public opinion poll conducted in the September of 2021 in the settlements of the Khorug town of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast GBAO region, belonging to the central ecological zone of the Pamir natural territory, are presented. The attitude of the local population to the activities of the Tajik Nation Park was studied. Interviewed residents believe that the activities of the Tajik National Park should be more efficient and lay down ways to improve its activities and form a positive image.展开更多
The Central Statistical Agency （CSA） of Ethiopia included some questions in its 2005 Demographic and Health Survey （DHS） questionnaire, asking for the opinion of men and women if wives beaten by husbands is justif...The Central Statistical Agency （CSA） of Ethiopia included some questions in its 2005 Demographic and Health Survey （DHS） questionnaire, asking for the opinion of men and women if wives beaten by husbands is justified if wives commit some mistakes while they are undertaking their day to day family responsibilities and other personal functions. The sample size was about 14,000 women in the reproductive and productive ages of 15-49 and about 6,000 men in the age brackets of 15-59. The reasons for wife beating by husbands are examined against some selected independent background variables of the sampled men and women respondents, while the dependent variables are the responses to questions of wife beating. With respect to the analytical model, the author decided to focus on some descriptive statistics, such as frequency distributions tables, proportions, comparative analysis, and application of chi-squares （Xz） techniques to examine the variations in the responses of women and men amongst the independent backgrounds.展开更多
Cholera is a disease that Benin has been fighting against for years but which continues to create economic losses for households. The aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge of the population about this ...Cholera is a disease that Benin has been fighting against for years but which continues to create economic losses for households. The aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge of the population about this disease and to assess hygiene practices in order to identify the factors responsible for its sustainability. The data were collected through a survey of 720 households in the 12 departments of the country. These data were analyzed with SAS software and three groups of people were identified on the basis of hygiene measures. The majority of respondents know cholera. The main symptoms they mentioned were vomiting (84.83%) and diarrhea (81.04%). Diarrhea was more reported in group 3 (88.96%) than in groups 1 (86.58%) and 2 (83.19%). Low levels of hygiene were the main cause of this disease. In the absence of toilets, the interviewees pass stool in the bush and at the edge of water sources used in households. Some of them have bins (in particular group 1) for household waste but do not subscribe to refuse collection structures. Therefore, they throw garbage in sometimes unofficial landfills. Others, on the other hand, have not garbage cans (mainly group 2) and they empty garbage everywhere (street, gutters and bushes). In addition, hand washing is hardly ever done after using the toilet. Hygiene practices in some households are insufficient, which does not protect the population from cholera.展开更多
Excessive growth of population and urbanization in the developing countries set an increasing demand of mobility services. To meet this demand, public transport plays a significant role by providing an easy and afford...Excessive growth of population and urbanization in the developing countries set an increasing demand of mobility services. To meet this demand, public transport plays a significant role by providing an easy and affordable mobility service. Public transport service is a process evolving over time nevertheless is not always directly responsive to the changing demand of the passengers. Recently in developing countries, the unpleasant experience in public transport services is seen as one of the main reasons behind increased passenger car share, which eventually lead to traffic congestion. However, the situation can be ameliorated if the features of the public transport are improved by addressing the users’ demand. In this study, the primary features desired and demanded by the passengers of a developing country are identified by three phase survey. These identified features are also categorized based on public responses. And finally, the required features in an appropriate public transport mode are prioritized by using a common Multi Criteria Decision Making approach (AHP—Analytic Hierarchy Process). The study suggests that residents of the developing city are not that much concern on the outlook and ambience of the service rather they are concerned about finishing their trips safely in time at an affordable rate. The findings of this research will help planners and decision makers to make the best use of the investment in public transport services and infrastructure to promote these modes over privately owned vehicle.展开更多
It is acknowledged that teachers' instruction and guidance play an important role in students' improvements of schooling. A number of teachers, however, regard effectively responding to students' papers as...It is acknowledged that teachers' instruction and guidance play an important role in students' improvements of schooling. A number of teachers, however, regard effectively responding to students' papers as a touchy issue. In order to address this problem, this essay will review some of the major studies on teachers' response to students' writing in a historical way and, from these studies, some beneficial methods will be suggested, such as a process approach, collaborative ways of writing and motivational techniques.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the 12th Five-year Plan Period (Grant No.2013BAJ12B01)
文摘Comfort is one of the important indicators evaluation of voice. In order to understand the urban neighborhood public space environment of comfort,this paper is to explore characteristics of consumer society on the public space environment evaluation of the effect,and using the questionnaire survey method,to evaluate the Harbin city neighborhood area public space as the typical case analysis. Based on one of the main sound source in neighborhood public space,environment,business facilities environment as the breakthrough point,it is to consider neighborhood public space environment evaluation and social characteristics.
文摘One long standing limitation of survey research is the issue of respondent error.Until present there have been no research methods able to correct for this problem.In this study we present two approaches to correct for respondent error.In the first approach,we demonstrate how a valid instrument can be used,and the second approach requires two additional indicators.One is used to measure the response error and the second is used to correct for endogeneity.The second half of this study presents possible sources for valid indicators to correct for respondent error and make consistent estimation possible.
文摘This study uses an innovative, network-based recruitment strategy (non-monetary, web-based respondent driven sampling) to gather a sample of il/legal marijuana users. Network-driven effects amongst marijuana users are examined to test the explanatory validity of several theories of social deviance. The study finds that respondent driven sampling techniques lack effectiveness without primary monetary incentives, even when meaningful secondary incentives are utilized. Additionally, the study suggests that marijuana user networks exhibit strong homophilic attachment tendencies.
文摘Objectives:At the time of the bombing of the federal building in Oklahoma City,Oklahoma(OKC),it was the deadliest terrorist attack in the United States of America.Available research on this incident,and in general,has been quantitative,using deductive methods.The purpose of the current study was to systematically examine professional disaster response workers’emotions elicited spontaneously and in detail as they were experienced over time after a major disaster.This qualitative study will add to existing knowledge of psychopathology and the psychosocial effects of disasters on professional responders,which have not been explored by prior quantitative studies.Methods:A volunteer sample of 181 rescue and recovery workers for the 1995 bombing of the OKC Murrah Federal Building was interviewed approximately 3 years after the bombing.These responders were asked open-ended questions to elicit undirected responses in their own words.In these interviews,they were prompted to describe their feelings at 3 distinct time points:upon their arrival at the bombing scene(“immediately”),in the first 1 week following the bombing,and currently at the time of the interview(“now”).Results:Data items were coded into the 5 themes:Anticipation,Shock and awe,Negative reactions,Positive reactions,and Emotionally unengaged/unaffected.The emotional themes of the responders mapped into 2 conceptual domains.The first domain is related to common human responses to horrible events such as the bombing.The second domain is related to the professional identities of the disaster responders.Conclusions:Specific aspects of the professional responder roles asserted themselves,shaping their emotional responses distinctly from those of the bomb blast survivors.This study identified both negative and positive emotions,which may help identify risk for or resistance to posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD).
文摘1.Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary malignancy of the liver.HCC is the sixth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-relatedmortality worldwide.[1]Partial hepatectomy is recommended for patients with early stage HCC.[2]A large proportion of patients with HCC inChina are diagnosed in the intermediate to advanced HCC stages,rendering them ineligible for hepatectomy due to aspects such as liver dysfunction,insufficient residual liver volume,or surgical technique.
基金supported by National Key Research & Development Program of China (2022YFC3006201)。
文摘Emergency medical services (EMS) are a vital element of the public healthcare system in China,^([1])providing an opportunity to respond to critical medical conditions and save people’s lives.^([2])The accessibility of EMS has received considerable attention in health and transport geography studies.^([3])One of the optimal gauges for evaluating the accessibility of EMS is the response time,which is defined as the time from receiving an emergency call to the arrival of an ambulance.^([4])Beijing has already reduced the response time to approximately12 min,and the next goal is to ensure that the response time across Beijing does not exceed 12 min (the information comes from the Beijing Emergency Medical Center).
基金supported by the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2022YFC2504100)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82205202)+1 种基金the Beijing Municipal Health Commission High Level Public Health Technical Talent Construction Project(Discipline Backbone)(No.02-046)Scarce Resources and Representative Achievements of the "New 3+3" Project for the Inheritance of firewood of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Beijing(No.2023-XQZY-02).
文摘In accordance with the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Inheritance and Innovation of traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM),and to advance research on clinically advantageous diseases in TCM and promote academic innovation,the China Association of Chinese Medicine(CACM)convened the 31st Clinical Advantage Disease Salon(Rhinosinusitis)in Beijing on 28 March 2024.During the meeting,experts in Chinese and Western medicine conducted extensive and in-depth discussions,formulating suggestions for the integrated diagnosis and treatment of rhinosinusitis using both TCM and Western medicine approaches.This review examines the challenges in rhinosinusitis diagnosis and treatment by analyzing its occurrence and development.Given the advantages of integrating TCM and Western medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of rhinosinusitis,key scientific research points are proposed in three areas:Prediction,diagnosis and treatment,and chronic disease management.These include(1)development of a rhinosinusitis prediction model,(2)optimal timing and treatment protocols for the combined use of TCM and Western medicine in rhinosinusitis,(3)research on the mechanism of TCM in preventing and treating rhinosinusitis,(4)construction of an integrated TCM and Western medicine recurrence prevention strategy for refractory rhinosinusitis,(5)prevention and self-management strategies for chronic rhinosinusitis.Based on the salon of TCM dominant diseases of rhinosinusitis,this article proposes a research paradigm for rhinosinusitis to promote the high-quality development of TCM and provide a reference for national research direction selection.
文摘The standard ordered response model (SORM) is a common disaggregate approach with ordered outcomes in which the effects of various exogenous attributes are assumed constant across ordinal choices. In this study, an innovative latent class based generalized ordered response model (LC-GORM) is formulated and used to assess the effects of various factors on respondents’ choice behavior with respect to congestion charge proposal for Jakarta, Indonesia. The proposed model probabilistically assigns respondents into selfish and altruistic class memberships (latently) based on their knowledge of the proposed scheme and their specific attributes. Aiming to capture observable preference heterogeneity across ordinal choices and allow the thresholds to be varied across observations, we parameterize the thresholds as a linear function of the exogenous variables for each ordinal preference. Using stated preference data collected in Jakarta in December 2013, we incorporate the influence of a comprehensive set of explanatory variables into four categories: charges, latent variables related to respondent’s psychological motivations, mobility attributes and socio-demographic characteristics. Empirical results obviously verify the existence of preference heterogeneity across outcomes. The findings confirm that the altruistic class are more sensitive with respect to acceptance of the scheme, while the selfish class are more sensitive with respect to rejection. The key factors influencing public acceptability include the charge level and respondent variables such as car dependency, awareness of the problem of cars in society, frequency of visits to the city center and frequency of private mode usage.
基金Supported by Chongqing Major Research Project "Innovation in Hybrid Rice Breeding and New Materials" ( CSTC, 2007, AA1019 )Sichuan Province Breeding Research Project (06yzgg-01)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to study the sensitive response characteristics of the main agronomic traits of somaclonal and the variation of sensitive response of the lines of somaclonal to sowing date. [Method]The RITSD changing of agronomic traits was studied by using 24 rice somaclonal and its donor parent under two sowing dates. [Result]The average values of RITSD were higher （over one） for the traits of pant height （PH）,density of spikelets （DS）,filled spikelets per panicle （FSP）,spikelets per panicle （SP） and grain weight per plant （GWP）,but lower for days of sowing to heading （DSH）,effective panicles （EP）,panicle length （PL）,seed setting rate （SS） and 1 000-grain weight （1 000-GW）. These showed that PH,DS,FSP,SP and GWP were easily affected by sowing date and tended to higher with the later sowing; the RITSD of somaclonal changed with the agronomic traits. The frequency of RITSD＇ variation of DSH and PH was higher than that of PL. The RITSD＇ value of EP,PL,DS,FSP,SP and SS became higher,and higher or lower for DSH and GWP in different somaclonal; compared with the donor,20 of 24 was significantly different,and the frequency of RITSD variation was over 83. 3%,however,RITSD of the most lines （75%） changed only for 1-2 characters; cluster analysis showed that the RITSD of agronomic traits belonged to different combinations of somaclonal in rice. [Conclusion]the study had provided a theoretical basis for the screening and using of the somaclonal.
基金The Special Project of the Ministry of Construction ofChina (No.20060909).
文摘In order to establish the relationship between the measured dynamic response and the health status of long-span bridges, a double-layer model updating method for steel-concrete composite beam cable-stayed bridges is proposed. Measured frequencies are selected as the first-layer reference data, and the mass of the bridge deck, the grid density, the modulus of concrete and the ballast on the side span are modified by using a manual tuning technique. Measured global positioning system （GPS） data is selected as the second-layer reference data, and the degradation of the integral structure stiffness EI of the whole bridge is taken into account for the second-layer model updating by using the finite element iteration algorithm. The Nanpu Bridge in Shanghai is taken as a case to verify the applicability of the proposed model updating method. After the first-layer model updating, the standard deviation of modal frequencies is smaller than 7%. After the second-layer model updating, the error of the deflection of the mid-span is smaller than 10%. The integral structure stiffness of the whole bridge decreases about 20%. The research results show a good agreement between the calculated response and the measured response.
文摘The presentation contains information on existing geodetic data for King George Island obtained from the questionnaires distributed among the members of the WGGGI.
文摘In the course of this work which is the impact of zoological garden in schools, the questionnaire interviewed was used in the collection of data. Based on the finding it was observed that people visit zoological gardens for different purposes like educational, recreational, research, economic and cultural values. Also the chi-square (X2) is used in this research to show if there is significant difference or not. Result indicated that people from various works of life visited the zoo. Some recommendations were also made for further studies as well as the opposition of establishment of a zoo. Thus, the objectives of the this work are to identify the conservation areas in which zoos make a contribution, to develop understanding and support of the conservation potentials of zoos, to convince local zoos and conservation agencies that they can make important contributions to conservation, to help zoos formulate conservation priorities and policies and finally, to promote action of individual zoos by participation in the global zoo and other conservation network.
文摘Building envelopes include facades and roof, which have the most interaction and exchange with outside and natural environment. In the future, meeting buildings various complicated needs with new technological advances necessitates a change and evolution in building envelopes. Controlling the energy consumption of the buildings is mostly through controlling the energy performance of the building envelopes. New technologies lead to the intelligent facades and envelopes. The envelope can be designed to be a part of the whole building＇s metabolism （energy production, storage and consumption） and morphology. The envelope would be a controlled part of the building which is managed through the central control system of the building, which connects it to other parts. It caused building envelope design to be changed fundamentally, so that there is a need to interact with engineering disciplines including computer engineering, mechanical engineering, material engineering and so on. All of these caused building envelope to get closer to biological and living systems. The physical restrictions which affect buildings system and living systems are the same. So they cause the same forces to shape the structure and form of the systems and the same rules to interact with the environment. The restrictions of material and energy resources caused living systems to be energy efficient and consuming less material. But the most important difference between living systems and building systems is in maximum use of different resources. As living systems use information maximally, the building system technology is based on using maximum energy. Now, there are many reasons and restrictions that building envelopes cannot act like living systems. But technological developments and contributing more disciplines in design and construction of building envelopes caused the future way of these envelopes get close to living systems for their energy efficiency. Some of living systems characteristics which the future building envelopes would have partially or benefit for the design process or construction are self-organization, evolution principles, hierarchical levels, processing energy, reaction to environmental stimuli and self-adjustment. Self-organization is achieved in some design software and in building material production for creating formal patterns. Evolution principles provide infrastructure for soft wares for optimization purposes and form creation. Hierarchical levels refer to giving hierarchical structure to the building envelopes through layering and designing different scales. Processing energy （metabolism） would be achieved through photovoltaic and solar collectors to produce energy and in passive systems for energy storage and distribution. Controlling solar radiation absorption and transmittance would help energy transfer from outside to building and vice versa. Reaction to environmental stimuli which is one of the most important characteristics of future building envelopes would use different types of active and passive sensors to create envelope mechanical reactions through material properties or collect data for processing in the control center to determine the right reaction. The reaction would be through different strategies such as changing properties and moving. Reaction could be passive or active. Self-adjustment can be achieved by control systems and processing units. All of these mean intelligent envelopes are essential parts of future buildings. Though it is now started with new design soft wares based on biological principles to optimize different parameters affecting the envelope function or to create the most efficient form.
文摘A survey on different aspects of Buriganga River encroachment was conducted in a 300 meter long encroached part of the river located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 100 respondents were surveyed and three Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were arranged prior to the semi-structured questionnaire survey. It was observed that almost all of the respondents migrated to the study area. The majority of the respondents had better business opportunity (69.23%) as the cause of encroachment. Significant portions of the respondents occupying the encroached area were found to be landless (36.84%), small businessmen (31.58%) and people with political affluence (26.32%). Major portions (23.33%) of the encroached land were used for industrial development as well as housing and developmental projects. Negative health impact (40%) was found to be the main adverse effect of encroachment of the river. Other adverse effects included economic loss through obliteration of fisheries (35.71%), scarcity of clean water (32.14%), reduction of aesthetic value of the surroundings (25%) etc. For the protection of the river, the majority of the respondents opted for relocation of the industries (46.15%) and enforcement of strict rules and regulations (38.46%).
文摘The article describes and interprets the results of a study aimed at studying public opinion about the activities of national parks. The attitude of the local population to the activities of the State Institution “National Park of Tajikistan” was studied. A total of 40 respondents from local residents were surveyed. Fifteen local residents of Khorog, most of them educated people, students of Khorog University and teachers of the Biological Institute of the Pamirs who are familiar with the Tajik National Park in the vicinity have carried out several scientific studies. Twenty-five respondents of the residents of the Murghab district are directly the population who live in the park. They have less education, and they are more prone to a rural lifestyle, and livestock far more knowledgeable about the Tajik National Park than the residents of Khorog. Interviewed residents of the Murgab and Karakuls villages believe that the activities of the Tajik National Park should be more efficient and lay down ways to improve its activities and form a positive image. In their opinion, the employees of the national park should interact more with the local population, take into account their interests, improve information carrying out activities of the national park. Proceeding from the answers of the respondents, we can conclude that the Tajik national park is already widely known to the circle of researchers and scientific applicants as a place or testing ground for research. For the local populations who live in the park, they use it as a place for animal husbandry and natural resources. During the survey, it turned out that the park is currently being used by all means, but not protected in any way. The results of a public opinion poll conducted in the September of 2021 in the settlements of the Khorug town of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast GBAO region, belonging to the central ecological zone of the Pamir natural territory, are presented. The attitude of the local population to the activities of the Tajik Nation Park was studied. Interviewed residents believe that the activities of the Tajik National Park should be more efficient and lay down ways to improve its activities and form a positive image.
文摘The Central Statistical Agency （CSA） of Ethiopia included some questions in its 2005 Demographic and Health Survey （DHS） questionnaire, asking for the opinion of men and women if wives beaten by husbands is justified if wives commit some mistakes while they are undertaking their day to day family responsibilities and other personal functions. The sample size was about 14,000 women in the reproductive and productive ages of 15-49 and about 6,000 men in the age brackets of 15-59. The reasons for wife beating by husbands are examined against some selected independent background variables of the sampled men and women respondents, while the dependent variables are the responses to questions of wife beating. With respect to the analytical model, the author decided to focus on some descriptive statistics, such as frequency distributions tables, proportions, comparative analysis, and application of chi-squares （Xz） techniques to examine the variations in the responses of women and men amongst the independent backgrounds.
文摘Cholera is a disease that Benin has been fighting against for years but which continues to create economic losses for households. The aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge of the population about this disease and to assess hygiene practices in order to identify the factors responsible for its sustainability. The data were collected through a survey of 720 households in the 12 departments of the country. These data were analyzed with SAS software and three groups of people were identified on the basis of hygiene measures. The majority of respondents know cholera. The main symptoms they mentioned were vomiting (84.83%) and diarrhea (81.04%). Diarrhea was more reported in group 3 (88.96%) than in groups 1 (86.58%) and 2 (83.19%). Low levels of hygiene were the main cause of this disease. In the absence of toilets, the interviewees pass stool in the bush and at the edge of water sources used in households. Some of them have bins (in particular group 1) for household waste but do not subscribe to refuse collection structures. Therefore, they throw garbage in sometimes unofficial landfills. Others, on the other hand, have not garbage cans (mainly group 2) and they empty garbage everywhere (street, gutters and bushes). In addition, hand washing is hardly ever done after using the toilet. Hygiene practices in some households are insufficient, which does not protect the population from cholera.
文摘Excessive growth of population and urbanization in the developing countries set an increasing demand of mobility services. To meet this demand, public transport plays a significant role by providing an easy and affordable mobility service. Public transport service is a process evolving over time nevertheless is not always directly responsive to the changing demand of the passengers. Recently in developing countries, the unpleasant experience in public transport services is seen as one of the main reasons behind increased passenger car share, which eventually lead to traffic congestion. However, the situation can be ameliorated if the features of the public transport are improved by addressing the users’ demand. In this study, the primary features desired and demanded by the passengers of a developing country are identified by three phase survey. These identified features are also categorized based on public responses. And finally, the required features in an appropriate public transport mode are prioritized by using a common Multi Criteria Decision Making approach (AHP—Analytic Hierarchy Process). The study suggests that residents of the developing city are not that much concern on the outlook and ambience of the service rather they are concerned about finishing their trips safely in time at an affordable rate. The findings of this research will help planners and decision makers to make the best use of the investment in public transport services and infrastructure to promote these modes over privately owned vehicle.
文摘It is acknowledged that teachers' instruction and guidance play an important role in students' improvements of schooling. A number of teachers, however, regard effectively responding to students' papers as a touchy issue. In order to address this problem, this essay will review some of the major studies on teachers' response to students' writing in a historical way and, from these studies, some beneficial methods will be suggested, such as a process approach, collaborative ways of writing and motivational techniques.
