Presents the calculation of critical velocity, natural frequency and dynamic respondency of fluid conveying pipe are calculated under different boundary conditions using finite element method, and the use of calculati...Presents the calculation of critical velocity, natural frequency and dynamic respondency of fluid conveying pipe are calculated under different boundary conditions using finite element method, and the use of calculation results to design and research rocket pipes feeding fuel and watery turbine pipes conveying water etc.展开更多
1.Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary malignancy of the liver.HCC is the sixth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-relatedmortality worldwide.[1]Part...1.Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary malignancy of the liver.HCC is the sixth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-relatedmortality worldwide.[1]Partial hepatectomy is recommended for patients with early stage HCC.[2]A large proportion of patients with HCC inChina are diagnosed in the intermediate to advanced HCC stages,rendering them ineligible for hepatectomy due to aspects such as liver dysfunction,insufficient residual liver volume,or surgical technique.展开更多
Emergency medical services (EMS) are a vital element of the public healthcare system in China,^([1])providing an opportunity to respond to critical medical conditions and save people’s lives.^([2])The accessibility o...Emergency medical services (EMS) are a vital element of the public healthcare system in China,^([1])providing an opportunity to respond to critical medical conditions and save people’s lives.^([2])The accessibility of EMS has received considerable attention in health and transport geography studies.^([3])One of the optimal gauges for evaluating the accessibility of EMS is the response time,which is defined as the time from receiving an emergency call to the arrival of an ambulance.^([4])Beijing has already reduced the response time to approximately12 min,and the next goal is to ensure that the response time across Beijing does not exceed 12 min (the information comes from the Beijing Emergency Medical Center).展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to study the sensitive response characteristics of the main agronomic traits of somaclonal and the variation of sensitive response of the lines of somaclonal to sowing date. [Method]The RITSD ch...[Objective]The aim was to study the sensitive response characteristics of the main agronomic traits of somaclonal and the variation of sensitive response of the lines of somaclonal to sowing date. [Method]The RITSD changing of agronomic traits was studied by using 24 rice somaclonal and its donor parent under two sowing dates. [Result]The average values of RITSD were higher （over one） for the traits of pant height （PH）,density of spikelets （DS）,filled spikelets per panicle （FSP）,spikelets per panicle （SP） and grain weight per plant （GWP）,but lower for days of sowing to heading （DSH）,effective panicles （EP）,panicle length （PL）,seed setting rate （SS） and 1 000-grain weight （1 000-GW）. These showed that PH,DS,FSP,SP and GWP were easily affected by sowing date and tended to higher with the later sowing; the RITSD of somaclonal changed with the agronomic traits. The frequency of RITSD＇ variation of DSH and PH was higher than that of PL. The RITSD＇ value of EP,PL,DS,FSP,SP and SS became higher,and higher or lower for DSH and GWP in different somaclonal; compared with the donor,20 of 24 was significantly different,and the frequency of RITSD variation was over 83. 3%,however,RITSD of the most lines （75%） changed only for 1-2 characters; cluster analysis showed that the RITSD of agronomic traits belonged to different combinations of somaclonal in rice. [Conclusion]the study had provided a theoretical basis for the screening and using of the somaclonal.展开更多
In order to establish the relationship between the measured dynamic response and the health status of long-span bridges, a double-layer model updating method for steel-concrete composite beam cable-stayed bridges is p...In order to establish the relationship between the measured dynamic response and the health status of long-span bridges, a double-layer model updating method for steel-concrete composite beam cable-stayed bridges is proposed. Measured frequencies are selected as the first-layer reference data, and the mass of the bridge deck, the grid density, the modulus of concrete and the ballast on the side span are modified by using a manual tuning technique. Measured global positioning system （GPS） data is selected as the second-layer reference data, and the degradation of the integral structure stiffness EI of the whole bridge is taken into account for the second-layer model updating by using the finite element iteration algorithm. The Nanpu Bridge in Shanghai is taken as a case to verify the applicability of the proposed model updating method. After the first-layer model updating, the standard deviation of modal frequencies is smaller than 7%. After the second-layer model updating, the error of the deflection of the mid-span is smaller than 10%. The integral structure stiffness of the whole bridge decreases about 20%. The research results show a good agreement between the calculated response and the measured response.展开更多
It is acknowledged that teachers' instruction and guidance play an important role in students' improvements of schooling. A number of teachers, however, regard effectively responding to students' papers as...It is acknowledged that teachers' instruction and guidance play an important role in students' improvements of schooling. A number of teachers, however, regard effectively responding to students' papers as a touchy issue. In order to address this problem, this essay will review some of the major studies on teachers' response to students' writing in a historical way and, from these studies, some beneficial methods will be suggested, such as a process approach, collaborative ways of writing and motivational techniques.展开更多
Vaccination is the main prophylactic measure to reduce the mortality caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in healthy subjects since the immune response to hepatitis B recombinant vaccination occurs in over 90% ...Vaccination is the main prophylactic measure to reduce the mortality caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in healthy subjects since the immune response to hepatitis B recombinant vaccination occurs in over 90% of general population. Individuals who develop an anti-HBs titer less than 10 mIU/mL after primary vaccination cycle are defined “no responders”. Many factors could cause a non response to the HBV vaccination, such as administration of the vaccine in buttocks, impaired vaccine storage conditions, drug abuse, smoking, infections and obesity. Moreover there are some diseases, like chronic kidney disease, human immunodeficiency virus infection, chronic liver disease, celiac disease, thalassaemia, type I diabetes mellitus, down’s syndrome and other forms of mental retardation that are characterized by a poorer response to HBV vaccination than healthy subjects. To date it is still unclear how to treat this group of patients at high risk of hepatitis B infection. Recent studies seem to indicate that the administration of HBV recombinant vaccine by the intradermal route is very effective and could represent a more useful strategy than intramuscular route. This review focuses on the use of anti hepatitis B vaccine by intradermal route as alternative to conventional intramuscular vaccine in all non responder patients. A comprehensive review of the literature using PubMed database, with appropriate terms, was undertaken for articles in English published since 1983. The literature search was undertaken in September 2013.展开更多
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma continues to heavily burden clinicians worldwide. Researchers have discovered the genomic landscape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which holds promise for an era of personali...Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma continues to heavily burden clinicians worldwide. Researchers have discovered the genomic landscape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which holds promise for an era of personalized oncology care. One of the most pressing problems facing this issue is to improve the understanding of the newly available genomic data, and identify the driver-gene mutations, pathways, and networks. The emergence of a legion of novel targeted agents has generated much hope and hype regarding more potent treatment regimens, but the accuracy of drug selection is still arguable. Other problems, such as cancer heterogeneity, drug resistance, exceptional responders, and side effects, have to be surmounted. Evolving topics in personalized oncology, such as interpretation of genomics data, issues in targeted therapy, research approaches for targeted therapy, and future perspectives, will be discussed in this editorial.展开更多
This review aims to provide a concise overview of the trauma management evolution in the past decade. 1） Trauma care priorities have incorporated staff protection against infection and early decision making in additi...This review aims to provide a concise overview of the trauma management evolution in the past decade. 1） Trauma care priorities have incorporated staff protection against infection and early decision making in addition to the conventional ABCDE. 2） Five stratified levels for DAM have replaced the non-specific conventional Plans A ＆ B. 3） CT scanning can be the tunnel to death for the hemodynamically unstable patient. 4） DPL has virtually been replaced by the FAST USG. 5） Direct whole-body MDCT provides rapid imaging diagnosis ＆ expedites the definitive treatment but carries high radiation hazards. 6） The dynamic shock assessment by fluid resuscitation response provides more outcome-specific evaluation than the static blood volume loss model. 7） DCR comprising of permissive hypotension, hemostatic resuscitation ＆ DCS aims to overcome the lethal triad of trauma. Early transfusion of blood components of FFP ＆ platelet concentrates improves the outcome in massive blood transfusion. 8） DCS aims to rectify the deranged physiology and not to fully restore the damaged anatomy. 9） A pre-defined protocol for major pelvic fracture can be life-saving and the novel Pre-PPP （pre-peritoneal pelvic packing） may further reduce mortality coupled with the necessary TCAE. 10） Injury prevention is equally important if not more than the trauma resuscitation ＆ operation.展开更多
AIM: To review evidence supporting pharmacological treatments for treatment-resistant depression(TRD) and to discuss them according to personal clinical experience.METHODS: Original studies, clinical trials, systemati...AIM: To review evidence supporting pharmacological treatments for treatment-resistant depression(TRD) and to discuss them according to personal clinical experience.METHODS: Original studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses addressing pharmacological treatment for TRD in adult patients published from 1990 to 2013 were identified by data base queries(Pub Med, Google Scholar e Quertle Searches) using terms: "treatment resistant depression", "treatment refractory depression", "partial response depression", "non responder depression", "optimization strategy", "switching strategy", "combination strategy", "augmentation strategy", selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors antidepressants(SSRI), tricyclic antidepressants(TCA), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors antidepressants, mirtazapine, mianserine, bupropione, monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressant(MAOI), lithium, thyroid hormones, second generation antipsychotics(SGA), dopamine agonists, lamotrigine, psychostimulants, dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, ketamine, omega-3 fatty acids, S-adenosil-L-metionine, methylfolat, pindolol, sex steroids, glucocorticoid agents. Other citations of interest were further identified from references reported in the accessed articles. Selected publications were grouped by treatment strategy:(1) switching from an ineffective antidepressant(AD) to a new AD from a similar or different class;(2) combining the current AD regimen with a second AD from a different class; and(3) augmenting the current AD regimen with a second agent not thought to be an antidepressant itself.RESULTS: Switching from a TCA to another TCA provides only a modest advantage(response rate 9%-27%), while switching from a SSRI to another SSRI is more advantageous(response rate up to 75%). Evidence supports the usefulness of switching from SSRI to venlafaxine(5 positive trials out 6), TCA(2 positive trials out 3), and MAOI(2 positive trials out 2) but not from SSRI to bupropione, duloxetine and mirtazapine. Three reviews demonstrated that the benefits of intraand cross-class switch do not significantly differ. Data on combination strategy are controversial regarding TCA-SSRI combination(positive results in old studies, negative in more recent study) and bupropion-SSRI combination(three open series studies but not three controlled trails support the useful of this combination) and positive regard mirtazapine(or its analogue mianserine) combination with ADs of different classes. As regards the augmentation strategy, available evidences supported the efficacy of TCA augmentation with lithium salts and thyroid hormone(T3), but are conflicting regard the SSRI augmentation with these two drugs(1 positive trial out of 4 for lithium and 3 out of 5 for thyroid hormone). Double-blind controlled studies showed the efficacy of AD augmentation with aripiprazole(5 positive trials out 5), quetiapine(3 positive trials out 3) and, at less extent, of fluoxetine augmentation with olanzapine(3 positive trials out 6), so these drugs received the FDA indication for the acute treatment of TRD. Results on AD augmentation with risperidone are conflicting(2 short term positive trials, 1 short-term and 1 long-term negative trials). Case series and open-label trials showed that AD augmentation with pramipexole or ropinirole, two dopamine agonists, could be an effective treatment for TRD(response rate to pramipexole 48%-74%, to ropinirole 40%-44%) although one recent double-blind placebo-controlled study does not support the superiority of pramipexole over placebo. Evidences do not justify the use of psychostimulants, omega-3 fatty acids, S-adenosil-Lmetionine, methylfolate, pindolol, lamotrigine, and sex hormone as AD augmentation for TRD. Combining the available evidences with our experience we suggest treating non-responders to one SSRI bupropion or mirtazapine trial by switching to venlafaxine, and nonresponders to one venlafaxine trial by switching to a TCA or, if TCA are not tolerated, combining mirtazapine with SSRI or venlafaxine. In non-responders to two or more ADs(including at least one TCA if tolerated) current AD regimen could be augmented with lithium salts(mainly in patients with bipolar depression or suicidality), SGAs(mostly aripiprazole) or DA-agonists(mostly pramipexole). In patients with severe TRD, i.e., non-responders to combination and augmentation strategies as well as to electroconvulsive therapy if workable, we suggest to try a combination plus augmentation strategy.CONCLUSION: Our study identifies alternative effective treatment strategies for TRD. Further studies are needed to compare the efficacy of different strategies in more homogeneous subpopulations.展开更多
We studied gas-exchange, chlorophyll pigments, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, and biomass partitioning responses in seedlings of four wolfberry species （Lycium chinense Mill. var. potaninii （Pojark.） A. M...We studied gas-exchange, chlorophyll pigments, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, and biomass partitioning responses in seedlings of four wolfberry species （Lycium chinense Mill. var. potaninii （Pojark.） A. M. Lu, Lycium chinense Mill., Lycium barbarum L., and Lycium yunnanense Kuang ＆ A. M. Lu） under four water supply regimes. In all four species, drought affected seedlings in terms of chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate （Pn）＇ transpiration rate （E）, and lipid peroxidation. Drought also increased some antioxidant enzyme activities, such as peroxidase （POD）, catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and ascorbate peroxidase （APX）. Significant changes in dry biomass partitioning also occurred in response to water stress. In particular, dry biomass of leaves and fruits decreased significantly. L. chinense Mill. and L. barbarum L. possessed greater drought tolerance and exhibited superior antioxidant processing ability and other related physiological traits compared to the other two species. L. chinense Mill. was the most tolerant to all levels of drought. In contrast,L, yunnanense Kuang ＆ A. M. Lu was more affected by water supply and had the lowest resistance to drought stress. These findings would provide some important information regarding genetic resources for future forest tree improvement in relation to drought tolerance.展开更多
The seismic behavior of frames with semi rigid connections and rotational dampers is examined.The ground acceleration due to earthquake is regarded as a stochastic process,and a pseudo excitation algorithm in frequen...The seismic behavior of frames with semi rigid connections and rotational dampers is examined.The ground acceleration due to earthquake is regarded as a stochastic process,and a pseudo excitation algorithm in frequency domain is implemented in a computer program to handle non orthogonal damping properties of the system.The computer program which incorporates detailed connection models and rotational damping models is used to investigate the effect of the connection of the semi rigid frame.It is shown from analytical studies that semi rigid frames with rotational dampers improve the seismic response of the building and may provide an effective and reliable earthquake resistant design solution.展开更多
Since 2017, a plenty of gas hydrates have been drilled in a new area of Shenhu, and good heterogeneity has been found throughout the spatial distribution of the reservoir. After distinguishing different sedimentary se...Since 2017, a plenty of gas hydrates have been drilled in a new area of Shenhu, and good heterogeneity has been found throughout the spatial distribution of the reservoir. After distinguishing different sedimentary sequence types and matching their formation with slope deposition settings, this study proposes three mass transport deposit(MTD) patterns related to canyon activity that occurred contemporaneously or epigenetically with it: well preserved MTDs, MTDs eroded by canyon migration, and MTDs dislocated by contemporaneous faults. Based on seismic reflection characteristics, this study proposed methods of quantitatively analyzing sedimentary factors,such as measuring the turbidities flow rate in the canyon, and results are interpreted with respect to canyon activity. Combining the above parameters and their relationship with gas hydrate accumulation, fine-grained seals overlapping coarse MTDs reservoirs are found to be indispensable to gas hydrate accumulation, as they prevent the release of free gas. Based on grain size data of hydrate samples from drilling wells, multi-layered gas hydrate reservoirs capped by fine-grained sediments and overlapping mud show favorable hydrate-bearing prospects. The release of gas hydrates, however, is mostly caused by the lack of mud sealing in relation to canyon activity, such as turbidities flow erosion and contemporaneous fault breaking. Canyon migration with respect to MTDs may be the actual cause of erosion of overlapping syn-sedimentary layers, and high bottom flows may contribute to an increase in the release of free gas. It is believed that contemporaneous faults caused by unstable canyon walls may break the muddy over layers and decrease the accumulation pressure of gas hydrate bearing.Thus, according to the sedimentary characteristics of MTDs and the hydrate accumulation process, three responding accumulation or releasing patterns are proposed, which respond to the different types of MTDs distinguished above: a well-preserved MTD accumulation pattern; a canyon migration eroded MTD release pattern; and a micro-contemporaneous fault dislocated MTD release pattern.展开更多
Some studies showed that in celiac patients the immunological response to vaccination is similar to that one found in general population except for vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV).The non-responsiveness to HBV...Some studies showed that in celiac patients the immunological response to vaccination is similar to that one found in general population except for vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV).The non-responsiveness to HBV vaccine has also been described in healthy people,nevertheless the number of non-responders has been demonstrated to be higher in celiac disease (CD) patients than in healthy controls.Several hypothesis explaining this higher rate of unresponsiveness to HBV vaccine in CD patients have been described,such as the genetic hypothesis,according with CD patients carrying the disease-specific haplotype HLA-B8,DR3,and DQ2,show a lower response to HBV vaccine both in clinical expressed CD patients and in healthy people carrying the same haplotype.On the other hand,it has been demonstrated that the gluten intake during the vaccination seems to influence the response to the same vaccine.Moreover,it has been demonstrated a possible genetic predisposition to hepatitis B vaccine nonresponsiveness likely due to the presence of specific human leukocyte antigen haplotypes and specific single nucleotide polymorphism in genes of cytokine/cytokinereceptors and toll like receptors,but the pathogenic mechanism responsible for this low responsiveness still remains unclear.The aim of this review is to focus on the possible pathogenic causes of unresponsiveness to HBV vaccine in CD patients and to propose an alternative vaccination schedule in order to improve the responsiveness to HBV vaccine in this at-risk patients.展开更多
To screen the stable expression genes related to the stress （strong light, dehydration and temperature shock） we applied Absolute real-time PCR technology to determine the transcription numbers of the selected test ...To screen the stable expression genes related to the stress （strong light, dehydration and temperature shock） we applied Absolute real-time PCR technology to determine the transcription numbers of the selected test genes in Porphyra yezoensis, which has been regarded as a potential model species responding the stress conditions in the intertidal. Absolute real-time PCR technology was applied to determine the transcription numbers of the selected test genes in Porphyra yezoensis, which has been regarded as a potential model species in stress responding. According to the results of photosynthesis parameters, we observed that Y（II） and Fv/Fm were significantly affected when stress was imposed on the thalli of Porphyra yezoensis, but underwent almost completely recovered under normal conditions, which were collected for the following experiments. Then three samples, which were treated with different grade stresses combined with salinity, irradiation and temperature, were collected. The transcription numbers of seven constitutive expression genes in above samples were determined after RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. Finally, a general insight into the selection of internal control genes during stress response was obtained. We found that there were no obvious effects in terms of salinity stress （at salinity 90） on transcription of most genes used in the study. The 18S ribosomal RNA gene had the highest expression level, varying remarkably among different tested groups. RPS8 expression showed a high irregular variance between samples. GAPDH presented comparatively stable expression and could thus be selected as the internal control. EF-la showed stable expression during the series of multiple-stress tests. Our research provided available references for the selection of internal control genes for transcripts determination of P. yezoensis.展开更多
Comfort is one of the important indicators evaluation of voice. In order to understand the urban neighborhood public space environment of comfort,this paper is to explore characteristics of consumer society on the pub...Comfort is one of the important indicators evaluation of voice. In order to understand the urban neighborhood public space environment of comfort,this paper is to explore characteristics of consumer society on the public space environment evaluation of the effect,and using the questionnaire survey method,to evaluate the Harbin city neighborhood area public space as the typical case analysis. Based on one of the main sound source in neighborhood public space,environment,business facilities environment as the breakthrough point,it is to consider neighborhood public space environment evaluation and social characteristics.展开更多
AIM:To document the sustained virological response (SVR) in rapid virological responders (RVR) of genotype-3 chronic hepatitis C with standard interferon (SdIF). METHODS:Hepatitis C genotype-3 patients during the peri...AIM:To document the sustained virological response (SVR) in rapid virological responders (RVR) of genotype-3 chronic hepatitis C with standard interferon (SdIF). METHODS:Hepatitis C genotype-3 patients during the period July 2006 and June 2007 were included. Complete blood counts, prothrombin time, ALT, albumin, qualitative HCV RNA were done. SdIF and ribavirin were given for 4 wk and qualitative HCV RNA was repeated. Those testing negative were allocated to group-A while the rest were allocated to group-B. Treatment was continued a total of 16 and 24 wk for group A and B respectively. HCV RNA was repeated after 24 wk of treatment. End virological and sustained virological responses were compared by χ2 test. ROC of pretreatment age, ALT and albumin were plotted for failure to achieve SVR. RESULTS:Of 74 patients treated, RCV RNA after 16 wk of therapy became undetectable in 34 (45.9%) and was detectable in 40 (54.1%) and were allocated to groups A and B respectively. SVR was achieved in 58.8% and 27.8% in groups A and B respectively. SVR rates were significantly higher in patients who had RVR as compared to those who did not (P = 0.0;γ = 2). Both groups combined ETR and SVR were 70% and 33% respectively. ROC plots of pretreatment age, ALT and albumin for SVR showed only ALT to have a significantly large area under the curve.CONCLUSION:SVR rates were higher in patients who had RVR with SdIF and high pre treatment ALT values correlated to probability of having RVR.展开更多
AIM To investigate the role of genetic variants of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) and angiotensinogen(AGT) genes in the antiproteinuric efficacy of ACE inhibitor therapy in diabetic nephropathy(DN) patients.METHOD...AIM To investigate the role of genetic variants of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) and angiotensinogen(AGT) genes in the antiproteinuric efficacy of ACE inhibitor therapy in diabetic nephropathy(DN) patients.METHODS In the present study, 270 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with nephropathy were enrolled and treated with ACE inhibitor(ramipril) and followed at 6 mo for renal function and albumin excretion by estimating serum creatinine, end stage renal disease, and albumin/creatinine ratio(ACR) in urine. Genotyping of ACE I/D and AGT M235 T polymorphisms were performed by using primer specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and PCR-RFLP techniques, respectively. RESULTS Forty-eight percent of DN patients(responders) benefited with respect to proteinuria from ACE inhibitor therapy at 6 mo follow-up. A significant reduction in ACR was observed after 6 mo treatment with ACE inhibitor irrespective of whether DN patients were micro-albuminuric(≥ 30 and < 300 mg/g creatinine) or macro-albuminuric(≥ 300 mg/g creatinine) at the time of enrollment. However, macro-albuminuric patients(55%) showed better response to therapy. A reduction in urinary ACR was found independent of genotypes of ACE I/D and AGT M235 T polymorphisms although macro-albuminuric patients having TT genotype showed statistically insignificant increased response(72%). CONCLUSION ACE inhibitor therapy reduced urinary ACR by ≥ 30% in 50% of DN patients and the response is independent of ACE I/D and AGT M235 T polymorphisms.展开更多
文摘Presents the calculation of critical velocity, natural frequency and dynamic respondency of fluid conveying pipe are calculated under different boundary conditions using finite element method, and the use of calculation results to design and research rocket pipes feeding fuel and watery turbine pipes conveying water etc.
文摘1.Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most common primary malignancy of the liver.HCC is the sixth most frequently diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-relatedmortality worldwide.[1]Partial hepatectomy is recommended for patients with early stage HCC.[2]A large proportion of patients with HCC inChina are diagnosed in the intermediate to advanced HCC stages,rendering them ineligible for hepatectomy due to aspects such as liver dysfunction,insufficient residual liver volume,or surgical technique.
基金supported by National Key Research & Development Program of China (2022YFC3006201)。
文摘Emergency medical services (EMS) are a vital element of the public healthcare system in China,^([1])providing an opportunity to respond to critical medical conditions and save people’s lives.^([2])The accessibility of EMS has received considerable attention in health and transport geography studies.^([3])One of the optimal gauges for evaluating the accessibility of EMS is the response time,which is defined as the time from receiving an emergency call to the arrival of an ambulance.^([4])Beijing has already reduced the response time to approximately12 min,and the next goal is to ensure that the response time across Beijing does not exceed 12 min (the information comes from the Beijing Emergency Medical Center).
基金Supported by Chongqing Major Research Project "Innovation in Hybrid Rice Breeding and New Materials" ( CSTC, 2007, AA1019 )Sichuan Province Breeding Research Project (06yzgg-01)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to study the sensitive response characteristics of the main agronomic traits of somaclonal and the variation of sensitive response of the lines of somaclonal to sowing date. [Method]The RITSD changing of agronomic traits was studied by using 24 rice somaclonal and its donor parent under two sowing dates. [Result]The average values of RITSD were higher （over one） for the traits of pant height （PH）,density of spikelets （DS）,filled spikelets per panicle （FSP）,spikelets per panicle （SP） and grain weight per plant （GWP）,but lower for days of sowing to heading （DSH）,effective panicles （EP）,panicle length （PL）,seed setting rate （SS） and 1 000-grain weight （1 000-GW）. These showed that PH,DS,FSP,SP and GWP were easily affected by sowing date and tended to higher with the later sowing; the RITSD of somaclonal changed with the agronomic traits. The frequency of RITSD＇ variation of DSH and PH was higher than that of PL. The RITSD＇ value of EP,PL,DS,FSP,SP and SS became higher,and higher or lower for DSH and GWP in different somaclonal; compared with the donor,20 of 24 was significantly different,and the frequency of RITSD variation was over 83. 3%,however,RITSD of the most lines （75%） changed only for 1-2 characters; cluster analysis showed that the RITSD of agronomic traits belonged to different combinations of somaclonal in rice. [Conclusion]the study had provided a theoretical basis for the screening and using of the somaclonal.
基金The Special Project of the Ministry of Construction ofChina (No.20060909).
文摘In order to establish the relationship between the measured dynamic response and the health status of long-span bridges, a double-layer model updating method for steel-concrete composite beam cable-stayed bridges is proposed. Measured frequencies are selected as the first-layer reference data, and the mass of the bridge deck, the grid density, the modulus of concrete and the ballast on the side span are modified by using a manual tuning technique. Measured global positioning system （GPS） data is selected as the second-layer reference data, and the degradation of the integral structure stiffness EI of the whole bridge is taken into account for the second-layer model updating by using the finite element iteration algorithm. The Nanpu Bridge in Shanghai is taken as a case to verify the applicability of the proposed model updating method. After the first-layer model updating, the standard deviation of modal frequencies is smaller than 7%. After the second-layer model updating, the error of the deflection of the mid-span is smaller than 10%. The integral structure stiffness of the whole bridge decreases about 20%. The research results show a good agreement between the calculated response and the measured response.
文摘It is acknowledged that teachers' instruction and guidance play an important role in students' improvements of schooling. A number of teachers, however, regard effectively responding to students' papers as a touchy issue. In order to address this problem, this essay will review some of the major studies on teachers' response to students' writing in a historical way and, from these studies, some beneficial methods will be suggested, such as a process approach, collaborative ways of writing and motivational techniques.
文摘Vaccination is the main prophylactic measure to reduce the mortality caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in healthy subjects since the immune response to hepatitis B recombinant vaccination occurs in over 90% of general population. Individuals who develop an anti-HBs titer less than 10 mIU/mL after primary vaccination cycle are defined “no responders”. Many factors could cause a non response to the HBV vaccination, such as administration of the vaccine in buttocks, impaired vaccine storage conditions, drug abuse, smoking, infections and obesity. Moreover there are some diseases, like chronic kidney disease, human immunodeficiency virus infection, chronic liver disease, celiac disease, thalassaemia, type I diabetes mellitus, down’s syndrome and other forms of mental retardation that are characterized by a poorer response to HBV vaccination than healthy subjects. To date it is still unclear how to treat this group of patients at high risk of hepatitis B infection. Recent studies seem to indicate that the administration of HBV recombinant vaccine by the intradermal route is very effective and could represent a more useful strategy than intramuscular route. This review focuses on the use of anti hepatitis B vaccine by intradermal route as alternative to conventional intramuscular vaccine in all non responder patients. A comprehensive review of the literature using PubMed database, with appropriate terms, was undertaken for articles in English published since 1983. The literature search was undertaken in September 2013.
基金Supported by Grants from Beijing Academic Leaders Program,NO.2009-2-17Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.7102029+5 种基金Capital Medical Developed Research Fund,No.2007-1023New Scholar Star Program of Ministry of EducationNational Basic Research Program of China,No.2011CB504300Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,No.20130001110108National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars,No.81301748Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.IRT13003 and No.NIH/NCI U54 CA156735
文摘Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma continues to heavily burden clinicians worldwide. Researchers have discovered the genomic landscape of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, which holds promise for an era of personalized oncology care. One of the most pressing problems facing this issue is to improve the understanding of the newly available genomic data, and identify the driver-gene mutations, pathways, and networks. The emergence of a legion of novel targeted agents has generated much hope and hype regarding more potent treatment regimens, but the accuracy of drug selection is still arguable. Other problems, such as cancer heterogeneity, drug resistance, exceptional responders, and side effects, have to be surmounted. Evolving topics in personalized oncology, such as interpretation of genomics data, issues in targeted therapy, research approaches for targeted therapy, and future perspectives, will be discussed in this editorial.
文摘This review aims to provide a concise overview of the trauma management evolution in the past decade. 1） Trauma care priorities have incorporated staff protection against infection and early decision making in addition to the conventional ABCDE. 2） Five stratified levels for DAM have replaced the non-specific conventional Plans A ＆ B. 3） CT scanning can be the tunnel to death for the hemodynamically unstable patient. 4） DPL has virtually been replaced by the FAST USG. 5） Direct whole-body MDCT provides rapid imaging diagnosis ＆ expedites the definitive treatment but carries high radiation hazards. 6） The dynamic shock assessment by fluid resuscitation response provides more outcome-specific evaluation than the static blood volume loss model. 7） DCR comprising of permissive hypotension, hemostatic resuscitation ＆ DCS aims to overcome the lethal triad of trauma. Early transfusion of blood components of FFP ＆ platelet concentrates improves the outcome in massive blood transfusion. 8） DCS aims to rectify the deranged physiology and not to fully restore the damaged anatomy. 9） A pre-defined protocol for major pelvic fracture can be life-saving and the novel Pre-PPP （pre-peritoneal pelvic packing） may further reduce mortality coupled with the necessary TCAE. 10） Injury prevention is equally important if not more than the trauma resuscitation ＆ operation.
文摘AIM: To review evidence supporting pharmacological treatments for treatment-resistant depression(TRD) and to discuss them according to personal clinical experience.METHODS: Original studies, clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses addressing pharmacological treatment for TRD in adult patients published from 1990 to 2013 were identified by data base queries(Pub Med, Google Scholar e Quertle Searches) using terms: "treatment resistant depression", "treatment refractory depression", "partial response depression", "non responder depression", "optimization strategy", "switching strategy", "combination strategy", "augmentation strategy", selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors antidepressants(SSRI), tricyclic antidepressants(TCA), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors antidepressants, mirtazapine, mianserine, bupropione, monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressant(MAOI), lithium, thyroid hormones, second generation antipsychotics(SGA), dopamine agonists, lamotrigine, psychostimulants, dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, ketamine, omega-3 fatty acids, S-adenosil-L-metionine, methylfolat, pindolol, sex steroids, glucocorticoid agents. Other citations of interest were further identified from references reported in the accessed articles. Selected publications were grouped by treatment strategy:(1) switching from an ineffective antidepressant(AD) to a new AD from a similar or different class;(2) combining the current AD regimen with a second AD from a different class; and(3) augmenting the current AD regimen with a second agent not thought to be an antidepressant itself.RESULTS: Switching from a TCA to another TCA provides only a modest advantage(response rate 9%-27%), while switching from a SSRI to another SSRI is more advantageous(response rate up to 75%). Evidence supports the usefulness of switching from SSRI to venlafaxine(5 positive trials out 6), TCA(2 positive trials out 3), and MAOI(2 positive trials out 2) but not from SSRI to bupropione, duloxetine and mirtazapine. Three reviews demonstrated that the benefits of intraand cross-class switch do not significantly differ. Data on combination strategy are controversial regarding TCA-SSRI combination(positive results in old studies, negative in more recent study) and bupropion-SSRI combination(three open series studies but not three controlled trails support the useful of this combination) and positive regard mirtazapine(or its analogue mianserine) combination with ADs of different classes. As regards the augmentation strategy, available evidences supported the efficacy of TCA augmentation with lithium salts and thyroid hormone(T3), but are conflicting regard the SSRI augmentation with these two drugs(1 positive trial out of 4 for lithium and 3 out of 5 for thyroid hormone). Double-blind controlled studies showed the efficacy of AD augmentation with aripiprazole(5 positive trials out 5), quetiapine(3 positive trials out 3) and, at less extent, of fluoxetine augmentation with olanzapine(3 positive trials out 6), so these drugs received the FDA indication for the acute treatment of TRD. Results on AD augmentation with risperidone are conflicting(2 short term positive trials, 1 short-term and 1 long-term negative trials). Case series and open-label trials showed that AD augmentation with pramipexole or ropinirole, two dopamine agonists, could be an effective treatment for TRD(response rate to pramipexole 48%-74%, to ropinirole 40%-44%) although one recent double-blind placebo-controlled study does not support the superiority of pramipexole over placebo. Evidences do not justify the use of psychostimulants, omega-3 fatty acids, S-adenosil-Lmetionine, methylfolate, pindolol, lamotrigine, and sex hormone as AD augmentation for TRD. Combining the available evidences with our experience we suggest treating non-responders to one SSRI bupropion or mirtazapine trial by switching to venlafaxine, and nonresponders to one venlafaxine trial by switching to a TCA or, if TCA are not tolerated, combining mirtazapine with SSRI or venlafaxine. In non-responders to two or more ADs(including at least one TCA if tolerated) current AD regimen could be augmented with lithium salts(mainly in patients with bipolar depression or suicidality), SGAs(mostly aripiprazole) or DA-agonists(mostly pramipexole). In patients with severe TRD, i.e., non-responders to combination and augmentation strategies as well as to electroconvulsive therapy if workable, we suggest to try a combination plus augmentation strategy.CONCLUSION: Our study identifies alternative effective treatment strategies for TRD. Further studies are needed to compare the efficacy of different strategies in more homogeneous subpopulations.
基金The Project Advanced Buildings technology in a Dense Urban Environment of Hong Kong Polytechnic University the Application Lab of Digital Seismic Wave Data in Center for Analysis and Prediction+1 种基金 China Seismological Bureau and the Earthquake Prediction
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31360191, 31660220)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China (NZ16121)the Self-option and Foundation of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, China (YES-16-0402, NKYZ-16-0402)
文摘We studied gas-exchange, chlorophyll pigments, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, and biomass partitioning responses in seedlings of four wolfberry species （Lycium chinense Mill. var. potaninii （Pojark.） A. M. Lu, Lycium chinense Mill., Lycium barbarum L., and Lycium yunnanense Kuang ＆ A. M. Lu） under four water supply regimes. In all four species, drought affected seedlings in terms of chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate （Pn）＇ transpiration rate （E）, and lipid peroxidation. Drought also increased some antioxidant enzyme activities, such as peroxidase （POD）, catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and ascorbate peroxidase （APX）. Significant changes in dry biomass partitioning also occurred in response to water stress. In particular, dry biomass of leaves and fruits decreased significantly. L. chinense Mill. and L. barbarum L. possessed greater drought tolerance and exhibited superior antioxidant processing ability and other related physiological traits compared to the other two species. L. chinense Mill. was the most tolerant to all levels of drought. In contrast,L, yunnanense Kuang ＆ A. M. Lu was more affected by water supply and had the lowest resistance to drought stress. These findings would provide some important information regarding genetic resources for future forest tree improvement in relation to drought tolerance.
文摘The seismic behavior of frames with semi rigid connections and rotational dampers is examined.The ground acceleration due to earthquake is regarded as a stochastic process,and a pseudo excitation algorithm in frequency domain is implemented in a computer program to handle non orthogonal damping properties of the system.The computer program which incorporates detailed connection models and rotational damping models is used to investigate the effect of the connection of the semi rigid frame.It is shown from analytical studies that semi rigid frames with rotational dampers improve the seismic response of the building and may provide an effective and reliable earthquake resistant design solution.
文摘Since 2017, a plenty of gas hydrates have been drilled in a new area of Shenhu, and good heterogeneity has been found throughout the spatial distribution of the reservoir. After distinguishing different sedimentary sequence types and matching their formation with slope deposition settings, this study proposes three mass transport deposit(MTD) patterns related to canyon activity that occurred contemporaneously or epigenetically with it: well preserved MTDs, MTDs eroded by canyon migration, and MTDs dislocated by contemporaneous faults. Based on seismic reflection characteristics, this study proposed methods of quantitatively analyzing sedimentary factors,such as measuring the turbidities flow rate in the canyon, and results are interpreted with respect to canyon activity. Combining the above parameters and their relationship with gas hydrate accumulation, fine-grained seals overlapping coarse MTDs reservoirs are found to be indispensable to gas hydrate accumulation, as they prevent the release of free gas. Based on grain size data of hydrate samples from drilling wells, multi-layered gas hydrate reservoirs capped by fine-grained sediments and overlapping mud show favorable hydrate-bearing prospects. The release of gas hydrates, however, is mostly caused by the lack of mud sealing in relation to canyon activity, such as turbidities flow erosion and contemporaneous fault breaking. Canyon migration with respect to MTDs may be the actual cause of erosion of overlapping syn-sedimentary layers, and high bottom flows may contribute to an increase in the release of free gas. It is believed that contemporaneous faults caused by unstable canyon walls may break the muddy over layers and decrease the accumulation pressure of gas hydrate bearing.Thus, according to the sedimentary characteristics of MTDs and the hydrate accumulation process, three responding accumulation or releasing patterns are proposed, which respond to the different types of MTDs distinguished above: a well-preserved MTD accumulation pattern; a canyon migration eroded MTD release pattern; and a micro-contemporaneous fault dislocated MTD release pattern.
文摘Some studies showed that in celiac patients the immunological response to vaccination is similar to that one found in general population except for vaccine against hepatitis B virus (HBV).The non-responsiveness to HBV vaccine has also been described in healthy people,nevertheless the number of non-responders has been demonstrated to be higher in celiac disease (CD) patients than in healthy controls.Several hypothesis explaining this higher rate of unresponsiveness to HBV vaccine in CD patients have been described,such as the genetic hypothesis,according with CD patients carrying the disease-specific haplotype HLA-B8,DR3,and DQ2,show a lower response to HBV vaccine both in clinical expressed CD patients and in healthy people carrying the same haplotype.On the other hand,it has been demonstrated that the gluten intake during the vaccination seems to influence the response to the same vaccine.Moreover,it has been demonstrated a possible genetic predisposition to hepatitis B vaccine nonresponsiveness likely due to the presence of specific human leukocyte antigen haplotypes and specific single nucleotide polymorphism in genes of cytokine/cytokinereceptors and toll like receptors,but the pathogenic mechanism responsible for this low responsiveness still remains unclear.The aim of this review is to focus on the possible pathogenic causes of unresponsiveness to HBV vaccine in CD patients and to propose an alternative vaccination schedule in order to improve the responsiveness to HBV vaccine in this at-risk patients.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41176134,30830015)the Prospective Joint Research Project of Jiangsu Province(No.BY2011188)+1 种基金the National Marine Public Welfare Research Project(Nos.201105008-2,201105023-7)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2011CB411908)
文摘To screen the stable expression genes related to the stress （strong light, dehydration and temperature shock） we applied Absolute real-time PCR technology to determine the transcription numbers of the selected test genes in Porphyra yezoensis, which has been regarded as a potential model species responding the stress conditions in the intertidal. Absolute real-time PCR technology was applied to determine the transcription numbers of the selected test genes in Porphyra yezoensis, which has been regarded as a potential model species in stress responding. According to the results of photosynthesis parameters, we observed that Y（II） and Fv/Fm were significantly affected when stress was imposed on the thalli of Porphyra yezoensis, but underwent almost completely recovered under normal conditions, which were collected for the following experiments. Then three samples, which were treated with different grade stresses combined with salinity, irradiation and temperature, were collected. The transcription numbers of seven constitutive expression genes in above samples were determined after RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. Finally, a general insight into the selection of internal control genes during stress response was obtained. We found that there were no obvious effects in terms of salinity stress （at salinity 90） on transcription of most genes used in the study. The 18S ribosomal RNA gene had the highest expression level, varying remarkably among different tested groups. RPS8 expression showed a high irregular variance between samples. GAPDH presented comparatively stable expression and could thus be selected as the internal control. EF-la showed stable expression during the series of multiple-stress tests. Our research provided available references for the selection of internal control genes for transcripts determination of P. yezoensis.
基金Sponsored by the National Science & Technology Pillar Program during the 12th Five-year Plan Period (Grant No.2013BAJ12B01)
文摘Comfort is one of the important indicators evaluation of voice. In order to understand the urban neighborhood public space environment of comfort,this paper is to explore characteristics of consumer society on the public space environment evaluation of the effect,and using the questionnaire survey method,to evaluate the Harbin city neighborhood area public space as the typical case analysis. Based on one of the main sound source in neighborhood public space,environment,business facilities environment as the breakthrough point,it is to consider neighborhood public space environment evaluation and social characteristics.
文摘AIM:To document the sustained virological response (SVR) in rapid virological responders (RVR) of genotype-3 chronic hepatitis C with standard interferon (SdIF). METHODS:Hepatitis C genotype-3 patients during the period July 2006 and June 2007 were included. Complete blood counts, prothrombin time, ALT, albumin, qualitative HCV RNA were done. SdIF and ribavirin were given for 4 wk and qualitative HCV RNA was repeated. Those testing negative were allocated to group-A while the rest were allocated to group-B. Treatment was continued a total of 16 and 24 wk for group A and B respectively. HCV RNA was repeated after 24 wk of treatment. End virological and sustained virological responses were compared by χ2 test. ROC of pretreatment age, ALT and albumin were plotted for failure to achieve SVR. RESULTS:Of 74 patients treated, RCV RNA after 16 wk of therapy became undetectable in 34 (45.9%) and was detectable in 40 (54.1%) and were allocated to groups A and B respectively. SVR was achieved in 58.8% and 27.8% in groups A and B respectively. SVR rates were significantly higher in patients who had RVR as compared to those who did not (P = 0.0;γ = 2). Both groups combined ETR and SVR were 70% and 33% respectively. ROC plots of pretreatment age, ALT and albumin for SVR showed only ALT to have a significantly large area under the curve.CONCLUSION:SVR rates were higher in patients who had RVR with SdIF and high pre treatment ALT values correlated to probability of having RVR.
基金Supported by Department of Biotechnology,Government of India,New Delhi(DBT Project),No.BT/PR 4640/MED/30/716/2012
文摘AIM To investigate the role of genetic variants of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) and angiotensinogen(AGT) genes in the antiproteinuric efficacy of ACE inhibitor therapy in diabetic nephropathy(DN) patients.METHODS In the present study, 270 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with nephropathy were enrolled and treated with ACE inhibitor(ramipril) and followed at 6 mo for renal function and albumin excretion by estimating serum creatinine, end stage renal disease, and albumin/creatinine ratio(ACR) in urine. Genotyping of ACE I/D and AGT M235 T polymorphisms were performed by using primer specific polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and PCR-RFLP techniques, respectively. RESULTS Forty-eight percent of DN patients(responders) benefited with respect to proteinuria from ACE inhibitor therapy at 6 mo follow-up. A significant reduction in ACR was observed after 6 mo treatment with ACE inhibitor irrespective of whether DN patients were micro-albuminuric(≥ 30 and < 300 mg/g creatinine) or macro-albuminuric(≥ 300 mg/g creatinine) at the time of enrollment. However, macro-albuminuric patients(55%) showed better response to therapy. A reduction in urinary ACR was found independent of genotypes of ACE I/D and AGT M235 T polymorphisms although macro-albuminuric patients having TT genotype showed statistically insignificant increased response(72%). CONCLUSION ACE inhibitor therapy reduced urinary ACR by ≥ 30% in 50% of DN patients and the response is independent of ACE I/D and AGT M235 T polymorphisms.
