“Common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities”(CBDRRC) is the most significant guiding principle in the international climate change regime, created by the United Nations Framework Conventi...“Common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities”(CBDRRC) is the most significant guiding principle in the international climate change regime, created by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 and inherited by the Paris Agreement 24 years later. This paper examines the operationalization of the CBDRRC principle in one of the cornerstone rules of the regimedits transparency provisions, both in existing practice under the convention and possible evolvement in negotiations under the Paris Agreement, from the perspectives of both international rule-making and domestic implementation. The authors have found a continuous enhancement of the transparency framework since the 1990s, and gradual consolidation of a bifurcated system between developed and developing countries into a common one. The authors argue that the transparency framework, as part of the procedural rules, should be designed to facilitate transparent information sharing in accordance with substantive commitments under international climate change laws. Thus, it indirectly reflects historical responsibilities for climate change, while the framework should also be designed as feasible and reflective of the respective capabilities of nations. Finally, the evolution of the transparency framework will aim to enact common and enhanced provisions while differentiating between developed and developing countries in the near term, and greater transparency-related capacity-building for developing countries.展开更多
The effect of a partial substitution of Zr, Ga; Co and Ga; Co. Ga and Zr; respectively, for Fe on the structure and magnetic properties of Nd_8.4Fe_87.1B_4.5 alloy prepared by mechanical alloying has been studied in d...The effect of a partial substitution of Zr, Ga; Co and Ga; Co. Ga and Zr; respectively, for Fe on the structure and magnetic properties of Nd_8.4Fe_87.1B_4.5 alloy prepared by mechanical alloying has been studied in detail. It has been shown that, intrinsic coercivity μ0 H_c and maximum magnetic energy product (BH)_max increase for only Zr or Ga-containing samples, which is mainly due to the refinement of soft grains. The combined addition of Co and Ga is less effective for improving μoH_c and (BH)_max than the respective addition of Co or Ga. which may be due to the formation of CsCl-type CoGa. μoH_c and (BH)_max for combined Co, Ga. Zr-added alloy are higher than those for the combined Co, Ga-added alloy but lower than those for only Zr-containing alloy.展开更多
《大学英语》精读第三册第一单元中有这样一句话:I had the‘right’ac-cent respectable middle class parents in court,reliable witnesses,and I couldobviously afford a very good solicitor.其中 respectable middle class paren...《大学英语》精读第三册第一单元中有这样一句话:I had the‘right’ac-cent respectable middle class parents in court,reliable witnesses,and I couldobviously afford a very good solicitor.其中 respectable middle class parents 译为“体面的中产阶级的双亲”。与 respectable 形式上相近的词还有 respect-ful,respective,respecting,respected,但是这几个词的意义却不相同,使用时应加以注意。展开更多
Early in the gestation stage of the new labor contract law, the intensive debates sparked by worries and doubts prevailed, and the event of Huawei Group forcing their employees to re-apply for their jobs made this con...Early in the gestation stage of the new labor contract law, the intensive debates sparked by worries and doubts prevailed, and the event of Huawei Group forcing their employees to re-apply for their jobs made this controversy reach fever pitch. When it came into effect on 1st January, 2008, confusions still bothered people of all sides: someone were on thorns about the increased cost and found wry ways to digest it, and someone were scramble to their rights and looked for shortcut to get it, etc. in particular, textile industry featuring labor-intensive will increase 20% on average in terms of cost, so how to cushion the blow and reverse adversity become prominent, what’s more, we should emancipate our mind to create profits rather than make ourselves balky with losses. Brand-building, technology application as well as expanding business abroad where with relatively cheap cost, etc, all of which can be utilized. In fact, launch of new labor contract law coupled with other polices home and aboard and materials cost increment lift the threshold of Chinese textile industry and rendered a new shuffling, so that the conception of "survival of the fittest" becomes the last straw we should grasp……展开更多
In this paper,we present a novel approach to enhancing the visible light photodetection efficiency of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)by incorporating polypyrrole(Ppy)nanoparticles sized between 126 nm and 1025 nm.The rGO ...In this paper,we present a novel approach to enhancing the visible light photodetection efficiency of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)by incorporating polypyrrole(Ppy)nanoparticles sized between 126 nm and 1025 nm.The rGO and Ppy nanoparticles were synthesized via Hummer’s method and chemical polymerization,respectively.Characterization was performed using scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),Raman spectroscopy,and optical measurements.The rGO/Ppy photodetector demonstrated a high photoresponsivity of 15 mA/W and a broad spectral response from 405 nm to 805 nm,indicating improved efficiency and versatility.This study high-lights the potential of tailored Ppy nanoparticle sizes in advancing rGO photodetectors for high-performance optoelectronic applications.展开更多
Parents play a very important role in our lives.They not only give us life,but also help us grow into responsible persons.There is no doubt that we should respect our parents.Firstly,we should communicate with them mo...Parents play a very important role in our lives.They not only give us life,but also help us grow into responsible persons.There is no doubt that we should respect our parents.Firstly,we should communicate with them more often,and share our joys and sorrows with them.Secondly,we can show our respect by doing small daily things.For example,we can help with housework.Simple things like washing dishes or taking out the rubbish can show our love.More importantly,we should work hard and take good care of ourselves.展开更多
This year marks the 20th anniversary of the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between China and Spain.Over these two decades,this relationship has matured into a model of mutual respect,strategic foresight,and vibra...This year marks the 20th anniversary of the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between China and Spain.Over these two decades,this relationship has matured into a model of mutual respect,strategic foresight,and vibrant cooperation,serving as a cornerstone for stability and growth in both nations and offering a reference for productive China-EU engagement.展开更多
MADRID and Beijing,though thousands of miles apart,have become a model for mutual learning between different civilizations through mutual respect and dialogue.In November,Spanish King Felipe VI will visit China.This w...MADRID and Beijing,though thousands of miles apart,have become a model for mutual learning between different civilizations through mutual respect and dialogue.In November,Spanish King Felipe VI will visit China.This will be another milestone in bilateral relations following the 2007 visit of former Spanish King Juan Carlos I to China and President Xi Jinping’s visit to Spain in 2018.展开更多
China and the European Union(EU)now stand ready to commemorate a remarkable milestone:five decades of diplomatic relations.From humble trade exchanges to cutting-edge innovation collaboration,their story is a testamen...China and the European Union(EU)now stand ready to commemorate a remarkable milestone:five decades of diplomatic relations.From humble trade exchanges to cutting-edge innovation collaboration,their story is a testament to how mutual respect and shared vision can ride the waves of globalization to bring prosperity for all.展开更多
Human dignity is a core concept in contemporary moral philosophy,political science,and jurisprudence.The“social status theory”proposed by Jeremy Waldron argues that human dignity is a social construct,focusing on th...Human dignity is a core concept in contemporary moral philosophy,political science,and jurisprudence.The“social status theory”proposed by Jeremy Waldron argues that human dignity is a social construct,focusing on the fundamental equal social status of individuals.It addresses behaviors of humiliation or devaluation by others,emphasizing both the negative prohibition of such harms and the positive promotion of protections against them.Unlike traditional theories of dignity that often rely on abstract or metaphysical justifications,the social status theory adopts a bottom-up approach grounded in the social practices of dignity.This perspective avoids entanglement in endless value debates over the concept and provides new rationale for affirming human dignity.Furthermore,it refines the understanding of human dignity by identifying three specific types of social harm to dignity and corresponding protective measures.The social status theory significantly mitigates cultural skepticism regarding the concept of human dignity,offering a relatively objective and practicable framework for defining dignity norms.Practically,the theory aligns well with the application of human dignity in both public and private law domains and effectively explains the concept as utilized in international human rights conventions and practices.While there is room for further refinement,the social status theory currently stands out as the most advantageous and robust framework for understanding and promoting human dignity.展开更多
On June 18, 2025, the second ChinaCentral Asia Summit was held in Astana, Kazakhstan. The member states of the China-Central Asia mechanism emphasized the importance of further deepening multilateral cooperation based...On June 18, 2025, the second ChinaCentral Asia Summit was held in Astana, Kazakhstan. The member states of the China-Central Asia mechanism emphasized the importance of further deepening multilateral cooperation based on principles of equality, mutual respect, and mutual benefit. They declared their commitment to continue strengthening friendly relations, deepening political trust, and expanding economic cooperation among the six nations.展开更多
In today's global society,people from multiple cultural backgrounds often communicate with foreign friends on a daily basis,making it increasingly important to respect and understand cultural differences.For examp...In today's global society,people from multiple cultural backgrounds often communicate with foreign friends on a daily basis,making it increasingly important to respect and understand cultural differences.For example,students who join international exchange programs may find that simple gestures considered polite in one culture,such as bowing or handshakes,might be impolite or confusing in another.展开更多
Marking 20 years as comprehensive strategic partners,Spain and China should now deepen their ties through sustained dialogue,mutual respect,and pragmatic cooperation.
In June 2024,the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted a resolution proposed by China,designating June 10 of each year as the International Day for Dialogue Among Civilizations.This i...In June 2024,the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted a resolution proposed by China,designating June 10 of each year as the International Day for Dialogue Among Civilizations.This initiative aimed to deepen global appreciation for the value of civilizational diversity,promote dialogue and mutual respect,and advance the construction of a more harmonious and interconnected world.展开更多
New correlations based on group-contribution method for estimating critical properties have been proposed with con-tribution values of 67 groups.The new correlations have been examined by extensive comparison of the v...New correlations based on group-contribution method for estimating critical properties have been proposed with con-tribution values of 67 groups.The new correlations have been examined by extensive comparison of the values calculatedwith the experimental data of 275 substanees.The average percent deviations of estimation of T_c,P_c and V_c are respective-ly 0.76,2.73 and 2.50 which are lower than those estimated by the Lydersen method and the Ambrose method chosenfor eomparision.展开更多
In this contribution results from different disciplines of science were compared to show their intimate interweaving with each other having in common the golden ratio <span style="font-family:Verdana;">...In this contribution results from different disciplines of science were compared to show their intimate interweaving with each other having in common the golden ratio <span style="font-family:Verdana;">φ<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> respectively its fifth power <span style="font-family:Verdana;">φ<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">5</sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The research fields cover model calculations of statistical physics associated with phase transitions, the quantum probability of two particles, new physics of everything suggested by the information relativity theory (<span style="font-family:Verdana;">IRT<span style="font-family:Verdana;">) including explanations of cosmological relevance, the <span style="font-family:Verdana;">ε<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-<span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">infinity theory, superconductivity, and the <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tammes<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> problem of the largest diameter of <span style="font-family:Verdana;">N<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> non-overlapping circles on the surface of a sphere with its connection to viral morphology and crystallography. Finally, <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fibo<span style="font-family:Verdana;">nacci<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> anyons proposed for topological quantum<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> computation (<span style="font-family:Verdana;">TQC<span style="font-family:Verdana;">) were briefly described in comparison to the recently formulated reverse <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fibonacci<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> approach using the <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Jani<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">čko<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> number sequence. An architecture applicable for a quantum computer is proposed consisting of 13-step twisted microtubules similar to tubulin microtubules of living matter. Most topics point to the omnipresence of the golden mean as the numerical dominator of our world.展开更多
文摘“Common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities”(CBDRRC) is the most significant guiding principle in the international climate change regime, created by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992 and inherited by the Paris Agreement 24 years later. This paper examines the operationalization of the CBDRRC principle in one of the cornerstone rules of the regimedits transparency provisions, both in existing practice under the convention and possible evolvement in negotiations under the Paris Agreement, from the perspectives of both international rule-making and domestic implementation. The authors have found a continuous enhancement of the transparency framework since the 1990s, and gradual consolidation of a bifurcated system between developed and developing countries into a common one. The authors argue that the transparency framework, as part of the procedural rules, should be designed to facilitate transparent information sharing in accordance with substantive commitments under international climate change laws. Thus, it indirectly reflects historical responsibilities for climate change, while the framework should also be designed as feasible and reflective of the respective capabilities of nations. Finally, the evolution of the transparency framework will aim to enact common and enhanced provisions while differentiating between developed and developing countries in the near term, and greater transparency-related capacity-building for developing countries.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China!59571014National Natural Science Foundation of China!59725103National Natur
文摘The effect of a partial substitution of Zr, Ga; Co and Ga; Co. Ga and Zr; respectively, for Fe on the structure and magnetic properties of Nd_8.4Fe_87.1B_4.5 alloy prepared by mechanical alloying has been studied in detail. It has been shown that, intrinsic coercivity μ0 H_c and maximum magnetic energy product (BH)_max increase for only Zr or Ga-containing samples, which is mainly due to the refinement of soft grains. The combined addition of Co and Ga is less effective for improving μoH_c and (BH)_max than the respective addition of Co or Ga. which may be due to the formation of CsCl-type CoGa. μoH_c and (BH)_max for combined Co, Ga. Zr-added alloy are higher than those for the combined Co, Ga-added alloy but lower than those for only Zr-containing alloy.
文摘《大学英语》精读第三册第一单元中有这样一句话:I had the‘right’ac-cent respectable middle class parents in court,reliable witnesses,and I couldobviously afford a very good solicitor.其中 respectable middle class parents 译为“体面的中产阶级的双亲”。与 respectable 形式上相近的词还有 respect-ful,respective,respecting,respected,但是这几个词的意义却不相同,使用时应加以注意。
文摘Early in the gestation stage of the new labor contract law, the intensive debates sparked by worries and doubts prevailed, and the event of Huawei Group forcing their employees to re-apply for their jobs made this controversy reach fever pitch. When it came into effect on 1st January, 2008, confusions still bothered people of all sides: someone were on thorns about the increased cost and found wry ways to digest it, and someone were scramble to their rights and looked for shortcut to get it, etc. in particular, textile industry featuring labor-intensive will increase 20% on average in terms of cost, so how to cushion the blow and reverse adversity become prominent, what’s more, we should emancipate our mind to create profits rather than make ourselves balky with losses. Brand-building, technology application as well as expanding business abroad where with relatively cheap cost, etc, all of which can be utilized. In fact, launch of new labor contract law coupled with other polices home and aboard and materials cost increment lift the threshold of Chinese textile industry and rendered a new shuffling, so that the conception of "survival of the fittest" becomes the last straw we should grasp……
文摘In this paper,we present a novel approach to enhancing the visible light photodetection efficiency of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)by incorporating polypyrrole(Ppy)nanoparticles sized between 126 nm and 1025 nm.The rGO and Ppy nanoparticles were synthesized via Hummer’s method and chemical polymerization,respectively.Characterization was performed using scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),Raman spectroscopy,and optical measurements.The rGO/Ppy photodetector demonstrated a high photoresponsivity of 15 mA/W and a broad spectral response from 405 nm to 805 nm,indicating improved efficiency and versatility.This study high-lights the potential of tailored Ppy nanoparticle sizes in advancing rGO photodetectors for high-performance optoelectronic applications.
文摘Parents play a very important role in our lives.They not only give us life,but also help us grow into responsible persons.There is no doubt that we should respect our parents.Firstly,we should communicate with them more often,and share our joys and sorrows with them.Secondly,we can show our respect by doing small daily things.For example,we can help with housework.Simple things like washing dishes or taking out the rubbish can show our love.More importantly,we should work hard and take good care of ourselves.
文摘This year marks the 20th anniversary of the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between China and Spain.Over these two decades,this relationship has matured into a model of mutual respect,strategic foresight,and vibrant cooperation,serving as a cornerstone for stability and growth in both nations and offering a reference for productive China-EU engagement.
文摘MADRID and Beijing,though thousands of miles apart,have become a model for mutual learning between different civilizations through mutual respect and dialogue.In November,Spanish King Felipe VI will visit China.This will be another milestone in bilateral relations following the 2007 visit of former Spanish King Juan Carlos I to China and President Xi Jinping’s visit to Spain in 2018.
文摘China and the European Union(EU)now stand ready to commemorate a remarkable milestone:five decades of diplomatic relations.From humble trade exchanges to cutting-edge innovation collaboration,their story is a testament to how mutual respect and shared vision can ride the waves of globalization to bring prosperity for all.
基金This paper is an interim result of the“Research on the Construction of China’s Independent Human Rights Knowledge System,”a major project of the National Human Rights Education and Training Base(Approval Number 24JJD820007).
文摘Human dignity is a core concept in contemporary moral philosophy,political science,and jurisprudence.The“social status theory”proposed by Jeremy Waldron argues that human dignity is a social construct,focusing on the fundamental equal social status of individuals.It addresses behaviors of humiliation or devaluation by others,emphasizing both the negative prohibition of such harms and the positive promotion of protections against them.Unlike traditional theories of dignity that often rely on abstract or metaphysical justifications,the social status theory adopts a bottom-up approach grounded in the social practices of dignity.This perspective avoids entanglement in endless value debates over the concept and provides new rationale for affirming human dignity.Furthermore,it refines the understanding of human dignity by identifying three specific types of social harm to dignity and corresponding protective measures.The social status theory significantly mitigates cultural skepticism regarding the concept of human dignity,offering a relatively objective and practicable framework for defining dignity norms.Practically,the theory aligns well with the application of human dignity in both public and private law domains and effectively explains the concept as utilized in international human rights conventions and practices.While there is room for further refinement,the social status theory currently stands out as the most advantageous and robust framework for understanding and promoting human dignity.
文摘On June 18, 2025, the second ChinaCentral Asia Summit was held in Astana, Kazakhstan. The member states of the China-Central Asia mechanism emphasized the importance of further deepening multilateral cooperation based on principles of equality, mutual respect, and mutual benefit. They declared their commitment to continue strengthening friendly relations, deepening political trust, and expanding economic cooperation among the six nations.
文摘In today's global society,people from multiple cultural backgrounds often communicate with foreign friends on a daily basis,making it increasingly important to respect and understand cultural differences.For example,students who join international exchange programs may find that simple gestures considered polite in one culture,such as bowing or handshakes,might be impolite or confusing in another.
文摘Marking 20 years as comprehensive strategic partners,Spain and China should now deepen their ties through sustained dialogue,mutual respect,and pragmatic cooperation.
文摘In June 2024,the 78th session of the United Nations General Assembly unanimously adopted a resolution proposed by China,designating June 10 of each year as the International Day for Dialogue Among Civilizations.This initiative aimed to deepen global appreciation for the value of civilizational diversity,promote dialogue and mutual respect,and advance the construction of a more harmonious and interconnected world.
文摘New correlations based on group-contribution method for estimating critical properties have been proposed with con-tribution values of 67 groups.The new correlations have been examined by extensive comparison of the values calculatedwith the experimental data of 275 substanees.The average percent deviations of estimation of T_c,P_c and V_c are respective-ly 0.76,2.73 and 2.50 which are lower than those estimated by the Lydersen method and the Ambrose method chosenfor eomparision.
文摘In this contribution results from different disciplines of science were compared to show their intimate interweaving with each other having in common the golden ratio <span style="font-family:Verdana;">φ<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> respectively its fifth power <span style="font-family:Verdana;">φ<sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">5</sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The research fields cover model calculations of statistical physics associated with phase transitions, the quantum probability of two particles, new physics of everything suggested by the information relativity theory (<span style="font-family:Verdana;">IRT<span style="font-family:Verdana;">) including explanations of cosmological relevance, the <span style="font-family:Verdana;">ε<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-<span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">infinity theory, superconductivity, and the <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tammes<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> problem of the largest diameter of <span style="font-family:Verdana;">N<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> non-overlapping circles on the surface of a sphere with its connection to viral morphology and crystallography. Finally, <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fibo<span style="font-family:Verdana;">nacci<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> anyons proposed for topological quantum<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> computation (<span style="font-family:Verdana;">TQC<span style="font-family:Verdana;">) were briefly described in comparison to the recently formulated reverse <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Fibonacci<span style="font-family:Verdana;"> approach using the <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Jani<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">čko<span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> number sequence. An architecture applicable for a quantum computer is proposed consisting of 13-step twisted microtubules similar to tubulin microtubules of living matter. Most topics point to the omnipresence of the golden mean as the numerical dominator of our world.
