Leather industry is an important light industry in China.Leather making requires a series of chemical treatment.Degreasing,unhairing and chrome tanning wastewaters are the main portions of tannery wastewater.Reclaimin...Leather industry is an important light industry in China.Leather making requires a series of chemical treatment.Degreasing,unhairing and chrome tanning wastewaters are the main portions of tannery wastewater.Reclaiming and reusing these wastewaters can eliminate 80% of COD,75% of BOD,95% of chromium and 93% of sulfuret,furthermore reduce environment impact,decrease treatment costs,save chemicals and water.Some application methods of wastewater reclamation and reuse for different operations were reported.The suitable reclamation and reuse technologies can enable leather making processes more rational,and realize the recovery and recycle of several chemicals in the tannery.Resourceful utilization of tannery wastewater should mate with renovating production technology,updating equipment,and must be guaranteed sufficiently by environmental protection measures.展开更多
The effects of micro-ridge-furrow planting(MR)on yield and the efficiency of light,water,and thermal resource use in rapeseed were tested in a three-year field experiment comparing MR to conventional flat planting.MR ...The effects of micro-ridge-furrow planting(MR)on yield and the efficiency of light,water,and thermal resource use in rapeseed were tested in a three-year field experiment comparing MR to conventional flat planting.MR enhanced canopy heterogeneity by altering the leaf angle between plants on ridges and furrows.The heterogeneous canopy environment increased intercepted photosynthetic active radiation,alleviated canopy temperature stress,and optimized canopy humidity,leading to improvements in light-nitrogen matching and net photosynthetic rate.Consequently,dry matter and yield increased by 13.0%and 11.0%,respectively,while radiation,thermal,and precipitation utilization efficiency increased by 12.3%-16.2%.The corresponding improvements in yield and resource use efficiency were attributed to a heterogeneous canopy environment that improved microclimatic conditions.展开更多
Membrane technology has thus far played an essential role in promoting environmental sustainability through improving the quality of water.Taking into account the current growth rate of membrane products along with th...Membrane technology has thus far played an essential role in promoting environmental sustainability through improving the quality of water.Taking into account the current growth rate of membrane products along with the market capacity,a tremendous rise in the amount of end-of-life(EoL)membranes is inevitable.In 2022,the global records of EoL membranes reached 35,000 tons.Recycling and resource utilization of EoL membranes is a viable option and hold significant promises for energy conservation and carbon neutralization.The present work provides an extensive overview of the latest progress in the field in relation with the prominent application cases.Furthermore,the avenues for the contributions of membrane recycling treatment technology within the framework of“carbon neutrality”are discussed with emphasis on permeability,pollutant interception capacity,and other relevant factors associated with the recycled membranes.This review strives to summarize the recycling and efficient utilization of EoL membranes,aiming at providing technical support to reduce operational costs and promote the low-carbon development of membrane technology.展开更多
The resource utilization of sludge can effectively achieve the regeneration and utilization of resources,and promote sustainable economic development.Sludge carbonization is a sludge treatment and disposal technology ...The resource utilization of sludge can effectively achieve the regeneration and utilization of resources,and promote sustainable economic development.Sludge carbonization is a sludge treatment and disposal technology with broad application prospects,and its products have shown significant resource potential in land use,fuel utilization,and other fields.At present,China still faces some challenges in the resource utilization of sludge carbonization,such as issues related to heavy metal stability and outdated standards.In the future,it is necessary to further strengthen research,improve the standard system,and promote the widespread application of sludge carbonization technology,so as to achieve the goals of sludge reduction,harmlessness,and resource utilization and support the development of circular economy.展开更多
This study aims to explore the potential of using a blended pulp from Mikania micrantha(M.micrantha)and waste paper for producing composite paper.The effects of the mass ratio of M.micrantha stem to waste paper(MRMW),...This study aims to explore the potential of using a blended pulp from Mikania micrantha(M.micrantha)and waste paper for producing composite paper.The effects of the mass ratio of M.micrantha stem to waste paper(MRMW),the beating time(BT),the water-to-pulp mass ratio(WPMR)and the times of pulp suspension screening(TPSS)on the paper’s basic structural,optical and mechanical properties are investigated.It is found that MRMW primarily affects the grammage(mass per unit area),density,bulkness and whiteness;WPMR mainly affects the thickness and density;TPSS mainly affects the thickness and grammage.When MRMW is 3:7,the composite paper shows higher values for thickness,grammage,density and whiteness;whereas when MRMW is 7:3,these values are lower.Extending BT can increase paper density.The tensile strengths of all prepared samples fall in the range of 1.5 to 4.1 kN/m,indicating their excellent strength properties that meet the demands of many paper applications.The artistic bags and lampshades crafted from this composite paper exhibit a more natural texture compared to conventional packaging paper.This research demonstrates the feasibility of papermaking by using M.micrantha,while showcasing the potential for synergistic integration of waste resources with traditional hand papermaking techniques.展开更多
[Objectives] To evaluate the utilization and application value of vine plant resources,and enrich the urban vertical greening landscape.[Methods] Route survey and sample plot observation methods were employed to inves...[Objectives] To evaluate the utilization and application value of vine plant resources,and enrich the urban vertical greening landscape.[Methods] Route survey and sample plot observation methods were employed to investigate 96 greening sites in Shenyang area,China.[Results] There are 21 species of vines used in vertical greening,including 15 species of woody vines and 6 species of herbaceous vines.According to the biological characteristics of vine plants and the actual needs of vertical application in landscape greening,a comprehensive evaluation system with one target layer,three criterion layers and a total of 14 indicators was constructed,and the application value of 21 species of vines was evaluated.Based on the comprehensive evaluation value,the vine plants were divided into four grades,and four of them had good application prospects and could be used in urban vertical greening.[Conclusions] The evaluation model and evaluation results will provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of vine plant resources.展开更多
Animal husbandry is an essential pillar sector in China.However,the wastewater including a mixture of feces,urine,and flushing water from livestock and poultry farming poses serious environmental risks if not properly...Animal husbandry is an essential pillar sector in China.However,the wastewater including a mixture of feces,urine,and flushing water from livestock and poultry farming poses serious environmental risks if not properly managed or over-applied.This paper analyzes the existing challenges in the utilization of livestock manure,focusing on source control,process management,and end-use treatment.To address these issues,it proposes establishing a sustainable long-term mechanism.Key recommendations include enhancing source control,strengthening policy support to alleviate the financial burden on enterprises,aligning with market demands,intensifying the promotion of technologies and equipment development,and improving manure quality.In addition,advocating for grain-efficient animal husbandry and promoting diversified utilization through bio-chain approaches are essential.展开更多
State Key Laboratory of Baiyun Obo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization was approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology to be one of the national key laboratories in November 2022.The la...State Key Laboratory of Baiyun Obo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization was approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology to be one of the national key laboratories in November 2022.The laboratory was reconstructed based on former State Key Laboratory of Baiyun Obo Rare Earth Resources Researches and Comprehensive Utilization.展开更多
State Key Laboratory of Baiyun Obo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization was approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology to be one of the national key laboratories in November 2022.The la...State Key Laboratory of Baiyun Obo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization was approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology to be one of the national key laboratories in November 2022.The laboratory was reconstructed based on former State Key Laboratory of Baiyun Obo Rare Earth Resources Researches and Comprehensive Utilization.展开更多
With the extending scale of agricultural production,the treatment and utilization of waste have become increasingly serious environmental problem.Taking city garden and Zhongnan pasture in Pujiang Town of Minhang Dist...With the extending scale of agricultural production,the treatment and utilization of waste have become increasingly serious environmental problem.Taking city garden and Zhongnan pasture in Pujiang Town of Minhang District in Shanghai for example,according to the analysis on discharge characteristic of waste and balance of resources and energy utilization,mixed anaerobic digestion was chosen to dispose waste based on government guidance and feasibility analysis of project,and the combining disposal and resource utilization of waste were realized in two enterprises,providing reference for close cases.展开更多
Damp-heat karst mountainous areas are unique areas in terms of socialeconomic development, resource endowment and eco-environment in China, where natural resources are abundant,unique and diverse. However, fragile eco...Damp-heat karst mountainous areas are unique areas in terms of socialeconomic development, resource endowment and eco-environment in China, where natural resources are abundant,unique and diverse. However, fragile eco-environment, undeveloped economy and culture, and conflict of human and environment should not be ignored. In the research, a framework of integration of resource-development and environment-protection in damp-heat karst was designed on basis of resource and environment integration, which was applied to Daxin County in Guangxi Province. Furthermore, some integration models were proposed, including integration of development of characteristic agricultural resources and protection of eco-environment, integration of development of manganese ore resources and protection of eco-environment, integration of development of tourism resources and protection of ecoenvironment and integration of development of clean energy and protection of eco-environment.展开更多
Based on provincial panel data of water footprint and grey water footprint, and with the help of data envelopment analysis model considering and without considering the unde- sirable output, this paper estimates the w...Based on provincial panel data of water footprint and grey water footprint, and with the help of data envelopment analysis model considering and without considering the unde- sirable output, this paper estimates the water resources utilization efficiency in China from 1997 to 2011. The spatial weighting matrix based on economy-spatial distance function is established to discuss spatial autocorrelation of water resources utilization efficiency. With the help of absolute/3-convergence model, this paper concludes that there exists/%convergence in the water resources utilization efficiency. Under the conditions of considering and without considering the undesirable output, it takes about 52.6 and 5.6 years respectively to achieve the extent of half of convergence. By mean of the spatial Durbin econometric model, this paper studies spatial spillover effects of the provincial water resources utilization efficiency in China. The results are as follows. 1） With considering and without considering the undesir- able output, there is significant spatial correlation in provincial water resource efficiency in China. 2） Under the two cases, the spatial autoregressive coefficients （p） are 0.278 and 0.507 respectively, at 1% significance level. There exist the spatial spillover effects of provin- cial water resources utilization efficiency. 3） With considering the undesirable output, these factors of the education funds, the transportation infrastructure, and the industrial and agri- cultural water consumption proportion have positive impacts. These factors of foreign direct investment, the industry value-added water consumption per ten thousand yuan, per capita water consumption, and the total precipitation have negative impacts. 4） Without considering the undesirable output, the factor of GDP per laborer has a greater positive significant influ- ence on the water resources utilization efficiency. However the facts of industry value-added water consumption in ten thousand yuan and the transportation infrastructure have no sig- nificant influence. 5） Regardless of undesirable output of water resources utilization efficiency the assessment of the present real water resources utilization in China will be distorted and policy-making will be misled. The water efficiency measure considering environmental factors （such as gray water footprint） is more reasonable.展开更多
Coal gasification fine slag(FS)is a typical solid waste generated in coal gasification.Its current disposal methods of stockpil-ing and landfilling have caused serious soil and ecological hazards.Separation recovery a...Coal gasification fine slag(FS)is a typical solid waste generated in coal gasification.Its current disposal methods of stockpil-ing and landfilling have caused serious soil and ecological hazards.Separation recovery and the high-value utilization of residual carbon(RC)in FS are the keys to realizing the win-win situation of the coal chemical industry in terms of economic and environmental benefits.The structural properties,such as pore,surface functional group,and microcrystalline structures,of RC in FS(FS-RC)not only affect the flotation recovery efficiency of FS-RC but also form the basis for the high-value utilization of FS-RC.In this paper,the characteristics of FS-RC in terms of pore structure,surface functional groups,and microcrystalline structure are sorted out in accordance with gasification type and FS particle size.The reasons for the formation of the special structural properties of FS-RC are analyzed,and their influence on the flotation separation and high-value utilization of FS-RC is summarized.Separation methods based on the pore structural characterist-ics of FS-RC,such as ultrasonic pretreatment-pore-blocking flotation and pore breaking-flocculation flotation,are proposed to be the key development technologies for improving FS-RC recovery in the future.The design of low-cost,low-dose collectors containing polar bonds based on the surface and microcrystalline structures of FS-RC is proposed to be an important breakthrough point for strengthening the flotation efficiency of FS-RC in the future.The high-value utilization of FS should be based on the physicochemical structural proper-ties of FS-RC and should focus on the environmental impact of hazardous elements and the recyclability of chemical waste liquid to es-tablish an environmentally friendly utilization method.This review is of great theoretical importance for the comprehensive understand-ing of the unique structural properties of FS-RC,the breakthrough of the technological bottleneck in the efficient flotation separation of FS,and the expansion of the field of the high value-added utilization of FS-RC.展开更多
Exploring the utilization effect of water-land resources under the evolution of dietary patterns is of great significance in achieving sustainable global food consumption and the effective allocation of national resou...Exploring the utilization effect of water-land resources under the evolution of dietary patterns is of great significance in achieving sustainable global food consumption and the effective allocation of national resources.Our selected study area was China,a country with rapidly changing dietary consumption patterns,and the research period was between 1987 and 2020.Based on the material called Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2021,this study introduced the“virtual water”and the“virtual land”to quantify the utilization effect of water-land resources under the evolution of Chinese dietary patterns.Results showed that the dietary patterns gradually changed from“cereal-vegetable-based consumption”to“diversified consumption”.Food consumption’s total water footprint(WF)increased from 471.1 Gm3in 1987 to 848.8 Gm3in 2020,with a growth rate of 80.2%.Moreover,the total land requirement for food(LRF)increased from 88.8 Mha in 1987 to 129.9 Mha in 2020,with a growth rate of 46.3%.Furthermore,the meat consumption was the major contributor to the increase in total WF(104.0%)and LRF(102.1%).In contrast to the balanced diet pattern,there was no waste of water-land resources consumption for the food consumption of urban-rural residents in China between 1987 and 2020.However,the consumption of water resources would gradually approach the resource cost under the balanced diet patterns.It would eventually break through the critical value and reach the state of resource waste.In addition,the findings showed that urban residents’waste rate of water-land resources for meat consumption increased by 142.3%compared with that in 1987.The research results can provide scientific guidance for resolving the food crisis under the supply of water-land resources in China and have an essential reference for national food security and sustainable development of resources and environment.展开更多
Yield gap analysis could provide management suggestions to increase crop yields,while the understandings of resource utilization efficiency could help judge the rationality of the management.Based on more than 110 pub...Yield gap analysis could provide management suggestions to increase crop yields,while the understandings of resource utilization efficiency could help judge the rationality of the management.Based on more than 110 published papers and data from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO,www.fao.org/faostat) and the Global Yield Gap and Water Productivity Atlas (www.yieldgap.org),this study summarized the concept,quantitative method of yield gap,yield-limiting factors,and resource utilization efficiency of the three major food crops (wheat,maize and rice).Currently,global potential yields of wheat,maize and rice were 7.7,10.4 and 8.5 t ha^(–1),respectively.However,actual yields of wheat,maize and rice were just 4.1,5.5 and 4.0 t ha^(–1),respectively.Climate,nutrients,moisture,crop varieties,planting dates,and socioeconomic conditions are the most mentioned yield-limiting factors.In terms of resource utilization,nitrogen utilization,water utilization,and radiation utilization efficiencies are still not optimal,and this review has summarized the main improvement measures.The current research focuses on quantitative potential yield and yield gap,with a rough explanation of yield-limiting factors.Subsequent research should use remote sensing data to improve the accuracy of the regional scale and use machine learning to quantify the role of yield-limiting factors in yield gaps and the impact of change crop management on resource utilization efficiency,so as to propose reasonable and effective measures to close yield gaps.展开更多
Improving the efficiency with which natural resources are utilized is an indispensable for achieving sustainable development and carbon neutrality. By analyzing the utilization efficiency of energy, water, and land, w...Improving the efficiency with which natural resources are utilized is an indispensable for achieving sustainable development and carbon neutrality. By analyzing the utilization efficiency of energy, water, and land, we established a comprehensive natural resource utilization efficiency index(NRUEI). We then calculated the 2016 index for 165 cities in China,and investigated what caused it to vary. We found three main results:(1) the NRUEI varied greatly across China and there were significant positive correlations between urban energy utilization efficiency(EUE), water utilization efficiency(WUE) and land utilization efficiency(LUE);(2) the NRUEI showed a significant positive correlation with a city’s population size,economy(Gross Domestic Product(GDP)), and the level of urban social development(GDP per capita);(3) cities in East China have the highest natural resource utilization efficiency,while cities in Northeast China have the lowest. These results indicate that China’s increasing urban development is associated with rising natural resource utilization efficiency and that the city’s endowment of natural resources is an important factor affecting that efficiency. Further, the results showed that the determinants of a city’s NRUEI differed in large and small cities. Lastly, our results suggest that improving EUE is key for improving NRUEI in urban China, and different efficiencies can be improved intertwined. A major takeaway of this study is that there is great potential for improving natural resource utilization efficiency in Chinese cities and we include city-specific suggestions for efficiency improvements.展开更多
Northwest China includes Xinjiang Ugyur Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Shaanxi Province, covering 308×10^4km^2. It is located in the warm-temperate zone and...Northwest China includes Xinjiang Ugyur Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Shaanxi Province, covering 308×10^4km^2. It is located in the warm-temperate zone and the climate is arid or semi-arid. Precipitation is very scarce but evaporation is extremely high. The climate is dry, the water resources are deficient, the ecoenvironment is fragile, and the distribution of water resources is uneven. In this region, precipitation is the only input, and evaporation is the only output in the inland rivers, and precipitation, surface water and groundwater change with each other for many times, which benefits the storage and utilization of water resources. The average precipitation in this region is 232 mm, the total precipitation amount is 7003×108m^3/a, the surface water resources are 1891×10^8m^3/a, the total natural groundwater resources are 1150×10^8m^3/a, the total available water resources are 438×10^8 m^3/a, and the total water resources are 1996×10^8m^3/a and per capita water resources are 2278 m^3/a. The water resources of the whole area are 5.94×10^4m^3/（a.km^2）, being only one-fifth of the mean value in China. Now, the available water resources are 876×10^8m^3/a, among which groundwater is proximate 130×10^8m^3/a.展开更多
The utilization of steel slag has been a worldwide issue for a long time. Attention is increasingly being paid to the technological innovation and development of steel slag. Aiming at the development of environmentall...The utilization of steel slag has been a worldwide issue for a long time. Attention is increasingly being paid to the technological innovation and development of steel slag. Aiming at the development of environmentally friendly steel slag concrete materials and their use in a recyclable economy ,Baosteel has recently been conducting research on and using many new building materials, including steel slag powder concrete, steel slag pervious concrete, steel slag counter weight concrete and so on. In this way, steel slag has been turned from a kind of solid waste into a value-added material. The technology of steel slag utilization has been enriched and developed,while a new model of using Baosteel steel slag in a recyclable economy has also been explored and practised.展开更多
Sulfur dioxide is one of the main causes of air pollution such as acid rain and photochemical smog,and its pollution control and resource utilization become an important research direction of air pollution control,The...Sulfur dioxide is one of the main causes of air pollution such as acid rain and photochemical smog,and its pollution control and resource utilization become an important research direction of air pollution control,The active component La-Ce-O_(x) is loaded on SiO_(2),γ-Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2) and ZrO_(2),and the La-Ce-Ox@ZrO_(2)exhibits the best catalytic activity.By adjusting the loading amount of La-Ce-O_(x),La-Ce-Ox@ZrO_(2) with different mass fractions was prepared.The results show that the activity of 15%La-Ce-Ox@ZrO_(2)catalyst is the best.The SO_(2)conversion is 100%,and the S yield and S selectivity are more than 96% at 350℃.According to the analysis results of H_(2)-TPR,CO_(2)-TPD and NH_(3)-TPD,ZrO_(2) as a support not only reduces the acidity of the catalyst,but also improves the weak alkaline sites of the catalyst,which is conducive to the adsorption and activation of SO2molecules at low temperature.The incorporation of La and Ce increases the oxygen concentration adsorbed on the catalyst.The strong interaction between the support ZrO_(2) and the active component La-Ce-Oxis conducive to the electron transfer between the active component and the support,and improves the activity of the catalyst.For the 15%La-Ce-O_(x)@ZrO_(2),the main reaction intermediates are weakly adsorbed SO_(2)(SO_(3)^(2-)),bicoordinated CO_(3)^(2-),monodentate carbonate and CO in the gas phase.Therefore,the catalytic reaction follows both L-H and E-R mechanisms.展开更多
AIM: To determine healthcare resource utilization and the economic burden associated with wet age-related macular degeneration(AMD) in Thailand ·METHODS: This study included patients diagnosed with wet AMD that w...AIM: To determine healthcare resource utilization and the economic burden associated with wet age-related macular degeneration(AMD) in Thailand ·METHODS: This study included patients diagnosed with wet AMD that were 60 years old or older,and had best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) measured at least two times during the follow-up period. We excluded patients having other eye diseases. Two separate sub-studies were conducted. The first sub-study was a retrospective cohort study; electronic medical charts were reviewed to estimate the direct medical costs. The second sub-study was a cross-sectional survey estimating the direct non-medical costs based on face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. For the first sub-study,direct medical costs,including the cost of drugs,laboratory,procedures,and other treatments were obtained. For the second sub-study,direct non-medical costs,e.g. transportation,food,accessories,home renovation,and caregiver costs,were obtained from face-to-face interviews with patients and/ or caregivers. ·RESULTS: For the first sub-study,sixty-four medical records were reviewed. The annual average number of medical visits was 11.1 ±6.0. The average direct medical costs were $3 604 ±4 530 per year. No statistically-significant differences of the average direct medical costs among the BCVA groups were detected(P =0.98). Drug costs accounted for 77% of total direct medical costs. For direct non-medical costs,67 patients were included. Forty-eight patients(71.6%) required the accompaniment of a person during the out-patient visit. Seventeen patients(25.4%) required a caregiver at home. The average direct non-medical cost was $2 927 ±6 560 per year. There were no statistically-significant differences in the average costs among the BCVA groups(P =0.74). Care-giver cost accounted for 87% of direct non-medical costs.·CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that wet AMD is associated with a substantial economic burden,especially concerning drug and care-giver costs.展开更多
文摘Leather industry is an important light industry in China.Leather making requires a series of chemical treatment.Degreasing,unhairing and chrome tanning wastewaters are the main portions of tannery wastewater.Reclaiming and reusing these wastewaters can eliminate 80% of COD,75% of BOD,95% of chromium and 93% of sulfuret,furthermore reduce environment impact,decrease treatment costs,save chemicals and water.Some application methods of wastewater reclamation and reuse for different operations were reported.The suitable reclamation and reuse technologies can enable leather making processes more rational,and realize the recovery and recycle of several chemicals in the tannery.Resourceful utilization of tannery wastewater should mate with renovating production technology,updating equipment,and must be guaranteed sufficiently by environmental protection measures.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFD1901200)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province of China (2023BBB028)+1 种基金the Earmarked Fund of Hubei province of Chinathe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662024ZKQD005)
文摘The effects of micro-ridge-furrow planting(MR)on yield and the efficiency of light,water,and thermal resource use in rapeseed were tested in a three-year field experiment comparing MR to conventional flat planting.MR enhanced canopy heterogeneity by altering the leaf angle between plants on ridges and furrows.The heterogeneous canopy environment increased intercepted photosynthetic active radiation,alleviated canopy temperature stress,and optimized canopy humidity,leading to improvements in light-nitrogen matching and net photosynthetic rate.Consequently,dry matter and yield increased by 13.0%and 11.0%,respectively,while radiation,thermal,and precipitation utilization efficiency increased by 12.3%-16.2%.The corresponding improvements in yield and resource use efficiency were attributed to a heterogeneous canopy environment that improved microclimatic conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52322001,52070183,and 52330001)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFE0113800)the Excellent Member of the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y2023010).
文摘Membrane technology has thus far played an essential role in promoting environmental sustainability through improving the quality of water.Taking into account the current growth rate of membrane products along with the market capacity,a tremendous rise in the amount of end-of-life(EoL)membranes is inevitable.In 2022,the global records of EoL membranes reached 35,000 tons.Recycling and resource utilization of EoL membranes is a viable option and hold significant promises for energy conservation and carbon neutralization.The present work provides an extensive overview of the latest progress in the field in relation with the prominent application cases.Furthermore,the avenues for the contributions of membrane recycling treatment technology within the framework of“carbon neutrality”are discussed with emphasis on permeability,pollutant interception capacity,and other relevant factors associated with the recycled membranes.This review strives to summarize the recycling and efficient utilization of EoL membranes,aiming at providing technical support to reduce operational costs and promote the low-carbon development of membrane technology.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Start-up Project for the Introduction of Senior Talents of Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College(sxzyzg-202405).
文摘The resource utilization of sludge can effectively achieve the regeneration and utilization of resources,and promote sustainable economic development.Sludge carbonization is a sludge treatment and disposal technology with broad application prospects,and its products have shown significant resource potential in land use,fuel utilization,and other fields.At present,China still faces some challenges in the resource utilization of sludge carbonization,such as issues related to heavy metal stability and outdated standards.In the future,it is necessary to further strengthen research,improve the standard system,and promote the widespread application of sludge carbonization technology,so as to achieve the goals of sludge reduction,harmlessness,and resource utilization and support the development of circular economy.
文摘This study aims to explore the potential of using a blended pulp from Mikania micrantha(M.micrantha)and waste paper for producing composite paper.The effects of the mass ratio of M.micrantha stem to waste paper(MRMW),the beating time(BT),the water-to-pulp mass ratio(WPMR)and the times of pulp suspension screening(TPSS)on the paper’s basic structural,optical and mechanical properties are investigated.It is found that MRMW primarily affects the grammage(mass per unit area),density,bulkness and whiteness;WPMR mainly affects the thickness and density;TPSS mainly affects the thickness and grammage.When MRMW is 3:7,the composite paper shows higher values for thickness,grammage,density and whiteness;whereas when MRMW is 7:3,these values are lower.Extending BT can increase paper density.The tensile strengths of all prepared samples fall in the range of 1.5 to 4.1 kN/m,indicating their excellent strength properties that meet the demands of many paper applications.The artistic bags and lampshades crafted from this composite paper exhibit a more natural texture compared to conventional packaging paper.This research demonstrates the feasibility of papermaking by using M.micrantha,while showcasing the potential for synergistic integration of waste resources with traditional hand papermaking techniques.
基金Scientific Research Funding Project of Educational Department of Liaoning Province in 2021(LJKZ1243).
文摘[Objectives] To evaluate the utilization and application value of vine plant resources,and enrich the urban vertical greening landscape.[Methods] Route survey and sample plot observation methods were employed to investigate 96 greening sites in Shenyang area,China.[Results] There are 21 species of vines used in vertical greening,including 15 species of woody vines and 6 species of herbaceous vines.According to the biological characteristics of vine plants and the actual needs of vertical application in landscape greening,a comprehensive evaluation system with one target layer,three criterion layers and a total of 14 indicators was constructed,and the application value of 21 species of vines was evaluated.Based on the comprehensive evaluation value,the vine plants were divided into four grades,and four of them had good application prospects and could be used in urban vertical greening.[Conclusions] The evaluation model and evaluation results will provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of vine plant resources.
文摘Animal husbandry is an essential pillar sector in China.However,the wastewater including a mixture of feces,urine,and flushing water from livestock and poultry farming poses serious environmental risks if not properly managed or over-applied.This paper analyzes the existing challenges in the utilization of livestock manure,focusing on source control,process management,and end-use treatment.To address these issues,it proposes establishing a sustainable long-term mechanism.Key recommendations include enhancing source control,strengthening policy support to alleviate the financial burden on enterprises,aligning with market demands,intensifying the promotion of technologies and equipment development,and improving manure quality.In addition,advocating for grain-efficient animal husbandry and promoting diversified utilization through bio-chain approaches are essential.
文摘State Key Laboratory of Baiyun Obo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization was approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology to be one of the national key laboratories in November 2022.The laboratory was reconstructed based on former State Key Laboratory of Baiyun Obo Rare Earth Resources Researches and Comprehensive Utilization.
文摘State Key Laboratory of Baiyun Obo Rare Earth Resource Researches and Comprehensive Utilization was approved by the Ministry of Science and Technology to be one of the national key laboratories in November 2022.The laboratory was reconstructed based on former State Key Laboratory of Baiyun Obo Rare Earth Resources Researches and Comprehensive Utilization.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Science Committee Science Committee(08DZ1980902)~~
文摘With the extending scale of agricultural production,the treatment and utilization of waste have become increasingly serious environmental problem.Taking city garden and Zhongnan pasture in Pujiang Town of Minhang District in Shanghai for example,according to the analysis on discharge characteristic of waste and balance of resources and energy utilization,mixed anaerobic digestion was chosen to dispose waste based on government guidance and feasibility analysis of project,and the combining disposal and resource utilization of waste were realized in two enterprises,providing reference for close cases.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(40961004,40761027)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2011jjA50016)+1 种基金Guangxi Philosophy and Social Science Research Project of 11th Five-Year Plan(06FJY023)Key Laboratory Funds of Ministry of Education(B3G1110)~~
文摘Damp-heat karst mountainous areas are unique areas in terms of socialeconomic development, resource endowment and eco-environment in China, where natural resources are abundant,unique and diverse. However, fragile eco-environment, undeveloped economy and culture, and conflict of human and environment should not be ignored. In the research, a framework of integration of resource-development and environment-protection in damp-heat karst was designed on basis of resource and environment integration, which was applied to Daxin County in Guangxi Province. Furthermore, some integration models were proposed, including integration of development of characteristic agricultural resources and protection of eco-environment, integration of development of manganese ore resources and protection of eco-environment, integration of development of tourism resources and protection of ecoenvironment and integration of development of clean energy and protection of eco-environment.
基金National Social Science Foundation of China, No. 11BJY063 Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, No.NECT-13-0844
文摘Based on provincial panel data of water footprint and grey water footprint, and with the help of data envelopment analysis model considering and without considering the unde- sirable output, this paper estimates the water resources utilization efficiency in China from 1997 to 2011. The spatial weighting matrix based on economy-spatial distance function is established to discuss spatial autocorrelation of water resources utilization efficiency. With the help of absolute/3-convergence model, this paper concludes that there exists/%convergence in the water resources utilization efficiency. Under the conditions of considering and without considering the undesirable output, it takes about 52.6 and 5.6 years respectively to achieve the extent of half of convergence. By mean of the spatial Durbin econometric model, this paper studies spatial spillover effects of the provincial water resources utilization efficiency in China. The results are as follows. 1） With considering and without considering the undesir- able output, there is significant spatial correlation in provincial water resource efficiency in China. 2） Under the two cases, the spatial autoregressive coefficients （p） are 0.278 and 0.507 respectively, at 1% significance level. There exist the spatial spillover effects of provin- cial water resources utilization efficiency. 3） With considering the undesirable output, these factors of the education funds, the transportation infrastructure, and the industrial and agri- cultural water consumption proportion have positive impacts. These factors of foreign direct investment, the industry value-added water consumption per ten thousand yuan, per capita water consumption, and the total precipitation have negative impacts. 4） Without considering the undesirable output, the factor of GDP per laborer has a greater positive significant influ- ence on the water resources utilization efficiency. However the facts of industry value-added water consumption in ten thousand yuan and the transportation infrastructure have no sig- nificant influence. 5） Regardless of undesirable output of water resources utilization efficiency the assessment of the present real water resources utilization in China will be distorted and policy-making will be misled. The water efficiency measure considering environmental factors （such as gray water footprint） is more reasonable.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374279)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-YBGY-055).
文摘Coal gasification fine slag(FS)is a typical solid waste generated in coal gasification.Its current disposal methods of stockpil-ing and landfilling have caused serious soil and ecological hazards.Separation recovery and the high-value utilization of residual carbon(RC)in FS are the keys to realizing the win-win situation of the coal chemical industry in terms of economic and environmental benefits.The structural properties,such as pore,surface functional group,and microcrystalline structures,of RC in FS(FS-RC)not only affect the flotation recovery efficiency of FS-RC but also form the basis for the high-value utilization of FS-RC.In this paper,the characteristics of FS-RC in terms of pore structure,surface functional groups,and microcrystalline structure are sorted out in accordance with gasification type and FS particle size.The reasons for the formation of the special structural properties of FS-RC are analyzed,and their influence on the flotation separation and high-value utilization of FS-RC is summarized.Separation methods based on the pore structural characterist-ics of FS-RC,such as ultrasonic pretreatment-pore-blocking flotation and pore breaking-flocculation flotation,are proposed to be the key development technologies for improving FS-RC recovery in the future.The design of low-cost,low-dose collectors containing polar bonds based on the surface and microcrystalline structures of FS-RC is proposed to be an important breakthrough point for strengthening the flotation efficiency of FS-RC in the future.The high-value utilization of FS should be based on the physicochemical structural proper-ties of FS-RC and should focus on the environmental impact of hazardous elements and the recyclability of chemical waste liquid to es-tablish an environmentally friendly utilization method.This review is of great theoretical importance for the comprehensive understand-ing of the unique structural properties of FS-RC,the breakthrough of the technological bottleneck in the efficient flotation separation of FS,and the expansion of the field of the high value-added utilization of FS-RC.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42171230,No.42071170。
文摘Exploring the utilization effect of water-land resources under the evolution of dietary patterns is of great significance in achieving sustainable global food consumption and the effective allocation of national resources.Our selected study area was China,a country with rapidly changing dietary consumption patterns,and the research period was between 1987 and 2020.Based on the material called Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2021,this study introduced the“virtual water”and the“virtual land”to quantify the utilization effect of water-land resources under the evolution of Chinese dietary patterns.Results showed that the dietary patterns gradually changed from“cereal-vegetable-based consumption”to“diversified consumption”.Food consumption’s total water footprint(WF)increased from 471.1 Gm3in 1987 to 848.8 Gm3in 2020,with a growth rate of 80.2%.Moreover,the total land requirement for food(LRF)increased from 88.8 Mha in 1987 to 129.9 Mha in 2020,with a growth rate of 46.3%.Furthermore,the meat consumption was the major contributor to the increase in total WF(104.0%)and LRF(102.1%).In contrast to the balanced diet pattern,there was no waste of water-land resources consumption for the food consumption of urban-rural residents in China between 1987 and 2020.However,the consumption of water resources would gradually approach the resource cost under the balanced diet patterns.It would eventually break through the critical value and reach the state of resource waste.In addition,the findings showed that urban residents’waste rate of water-land resources for meat consumption increased by 142.3%compared with that in 1987.The research results can provide scientific guidance for resolving the food crisis under the supply of water-land resources in China and have an essential reference for national food security and sustainable development of resources and environment.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300100)the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciencesthe Elite Youth Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science。
文摘Yield gap analysis could provide management suggestions to increase crop yields,while the understandings of resource utilization efficiency could help judge the rationality of the management.Based on more than 110 published papers and data from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO,www.fao.org/faostat) and the Global Yield Gap and Water Productivity Atlas (www.yieldgap.org),this study summarized the concept,quantitative method of yield gap,yield-limiting factors,and resource utilization efficiency of the three major food crops (wheat,maize and rice).Currently,global potential yields of wheat,maize and rice were 7.7,10.4 and 8.5 t ha^(–1),respectively.However,actual yields of wheat,maize and rice were just 4.1,5.5 and 4.0 t ha^(–1),respectively.Climate,nutrients,moisture,crop varieties,planting dates,and socioeconomic conditions are the most mentioned yield-limiting factors.In terms of resource utilization,nitrogen utilization,water utilization,and radiation utilization efficiencies are still not optimal,and this review has summarized the main improvement measures.The current research focuses on quantitative potential yield and yield gap,with a rough explanation of yield-limiting factors.Subsequent research should use remote sensing data to improve the accuracy of the regional scale and use machine learning to quantify the role of yield-limiting factors in yield gaps and the impact of change crop management on resource utilization efficiency,so as to propose reasonable and effective measures to close yield gaps.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42101290 and 71533005)the Special Project on National Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation of China (No. 2021FY100703)。
文摘Improving the efficiency with which natural resources are utilized is an indispensable for achieving sustainable development and carbon neutrality. By analyzing the utilization efficiency of energy, water, and land, we established a comprehensive natural resource utilization efficiency index(NRUEI). We then calculated the 2016 index for 165 cities in China,and investigated what caused it to vary. We found three main results:(1) the NRUEI varied greatly across China and there were significant positive correlations between urban energy utilization efficiency(EUE), water utilization efficiency(WUE) and land utilization efficiency(LUE);(2) the NRUEI showed a significant positive correlation with a city’s population size,economy(Gross Domestic Product(GDP)), and the level of urban social development(GDP per capita);(3) cities in East China have the highest natural resource utilization efficiency,while cities in Northeast China have the lowest. These results indicate that China’s increasing urban development is associated with rising natural resource utilization efficiency and that the city’s endowment of natural resources is an important factor affecting that efficiency. Further, the results showed that the determinants of a city’s NRUEI differed in large and small cities. Lastly, our results suggest that improving EUE is key for improving NRUEI in urban China, and different efficiencies can be improved intertwined. A major takeaway of this study is that there is great potential for improving natural resource utilization efficiency in Chinese cities and we include city-specific suggestions for efficiency improvements.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40235053 No.40401012+1 种基金 AIACC, No.AS25 Lanzhou Jiaotong University Foundation
文摘Northwest China includes Xinjiang Ugyur Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Shaanxi Province, covering 308×10^4km^2. It is located in the warm-temperate zone and the climate is arid or semi-arid. Precipitation is very scarce but evaporation is extremely high. The climate is dry, the water resources are deficient, the ecoenvironment is fragile, and the distribution of water resources is uneven. In this region, precipitation is the only input, and evaporation is the only output in the inland rivers, and precipitation, surface water and groundwater change with each other for many times, which benefits the storage and utilization of water resources. The average precipitation in this region is 232 mm, the total precipitation amount is 7003×108m^3/a, the surface water resources are 1891×10^8m^3/a, the total natural groundwater resources are 1150×10^8m^3/a, the total available water resources are 438×10^8 m^3/a, and the total water resources are 1996×10^8m^3/a and per capita water resources are 2278 m^3/a. The water resources of the whole area are 5.94×10^4m^3/（a.km^2）, being only one-fifth of the mean value in China. Now, the available water resources are 876×10^8m^3/a, among which groundwater is proximate 130×10^8m^3/a.
文摘The utilization of steel slag has been a worldwide issue for a long time. Attention is increasingly being paid to the technological innovation and development of steel slag. Aiming at the development of environmentally friendly steel slag concrete materials and their use in a recyclable economy ,Baosteel has recently been conducting research on and using many new building materials, including steel slag powder concrete, steel slag pervious concrete, steel slag counter weight concrete and so on. In this way, steel slag has been turned from a kind of solid waste into a value-added material. The technology of steel slag utilization has been enriched and developed,while a new model of using Baosteel steel slag in a recyclable economy has also been explored and practised.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFB3500600,2021YFB3500605)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20220365)+5 种基金Key R&D Program of Jiangsu Province (BE2022142)Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province (BY2022514)Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (22KJB610002)Jiangsu International Cooperation Project(BZ2021018)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2022ZB375)Nanjing Science and Technology Top Experts Gathering Plan and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)。
文摘Sulfur dioxide is one of the main causes of air pollution such as acid rain and photochemical smog,and its pollution control and resource utilization become an important research direction of air pollution control,The active component La-Ce-O_(x) is loaded on SiO_(2),γ-Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2) and ZrO_(2),and the La-Ce-Ox@ZrO_(2)exhibits the best catalytic activity.By adjusting the loading amount of La-Ce-O_(x),La-Ce-Ox@ZrO_(2) with different mass fractions was prepared.The results show that the activity of 15%La-Ce-Ox@ZrO_(2)catalyst is the best.The SO_(2)conversion is 100%,and the S yield and S selectivity are more than 96% at 350℃.According to the analysis results of H_(2)-TPR,CO_(2)-TPD and NH_(3)-TPD,ZrO_(2) as a support not only reduces the acidity of the catalyst,but also improves the weak alkaline sites of the catalyst,which is conducive to the adsorption and activation of SO2molecules at low temperature.The incorporation of La and Ce increases the oxygen concentration adsorbed on the catalyst.The strong interaction between the support ZrO_(2) and the active component La-Ce-Oxis conducive to the electron transfer between the active component and the support,and improves the activity of the catalyst.For the 15%La-Ce-O_(x)@ZrO_(2),the main reaction intermediates are weakly adsorbed SO_(2)(SO_(3)^(2-)),bicoordinated CO_(3)^(2-),monodentate carbonate and CO in the gas phase.Therefore,the catalytic reaction follows both L-H and E-R mechanisms.
基金Supported by Novartis(Thailand)Ltd.Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D.Program(grant No.PHD/0356/2550 to PD)
文摘AIM: To determine healthcare resource utilization and the economic burden associated with wet age-related macular degeneration(AMD) in Thailand ·METHODS: This study included patients diagnosed with wet AMD that were 60 years old or older,and had best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) measured at least two times during the follow-up period. We excluded patients having other eye diseases. Two separate sub-studies were conducted. The first sub-study was a retrospective cohort study; electronic medical charts were reviewed to estimate the direct medical costs. The second sub-study was a cross-sectional survey estimating the direct non-medical costs based on face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. For the first sub-study,direct medical costs,including the cost of drugs,laboratory,procedures,and other treatments were obtained. For the second sub-study,direct non-medical costs,e.g. transportation,food,accessories,home renovation,and caregiver costs,were obtained from face-to-face interviews with patients and/ or caregivers. ·RESULTS: For the first sub-study,sixty-four medical records were reviewed. The annual average number of medical visits was 11.1 ±6.0. The average direct medical costs were $3 604 ±4 530 per year. No statistically-significant differences of the average direct medical costs among the BCVA groups were detected(P =0.98). Drug costs accounted for 77% of total direct medical costs. For direct non-medical costs,67 patients were included. Forty-eight patients(71.6%) required the accompaniment of a person during the out-patient visit. Seventeen patients(25.4%) required a caregiver at home. The average direct non-medical cost was $2 927 ±6 560 per year. There were no statistically-significant differences in the average costs among the BCVA groups(P =0.74). Care-giver cost accounted for 87% of direct non-medical costs.·CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that wet AMD is associated with a substantial economic burden,especially concerning drug and care-giver costs.
