Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacte...Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacterales have been increasingly reported in children,with higher rates in Asian and Middle Eastern settings than in high-income countries[1,2].展开更多
Objective:To analyse the prevalence of serotypes,antibiotic resistance,and virulence genes of Group B Streptococcus(GBS)strains isolated from pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam,from...Objective:To analyse the prevalence of serotypes,antibiotic resistance,and virulence genes of Group B Streptococcus(GBS)strains isolated from pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam,from January 2022 to January 2023.Methods:GBS strains were isolated through selective culture methods and confirmed by PCR.Serotyping,virulence gene detection,and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using PCR,gel electrophoresis techniques and Kirby-Bauer test.Results:Totally,61 GBS isolated from 300 participants have been identified including seven GBS serotypes(Ⅰa,Ⅰb,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,andⅥ).SerotypesⅦ,Ⅷ,andⅨwere not detected in the study population.Antibiotic resistance patterns varied:13.1%of isolates were fully susceptible,while the majority showed multi-drug resistance,with 34.4%resistant to three antibiotics.SerotypeⅠa demonstrated high susceptibility(35.7%),while serotypeⅢshowed extensive resistance,with 87.5%being resistant to at least three antibiotics.All strains are susceptible to vancomycin andβ-lactams susceptibility also remained high,but resistance to clindamycin,erythromycin,and tetracycline was high(>65%).The virulence genes scpB,cylB,fbsB,and cfb were highly prevalent(90%-100%),indicating their potential for vaccine and diagnostic development.Conclusions:Our findings provide valuable insights into GBS serotypes,resistance,and virulence factors,contributing to community monitoring,preventive measures,diagnostics,and vaccine development.However,the limited sample size necessitates further research.展开更多
The last research focuses on the role of exosomes in cancer treatment.Exosomes are extracellular vesicles.They can be secreted by cancer cells,and they can modulate chemotherapy sensitivity.Determining exosomal conten...The last research focuses on the role of exosomes in cancer treatment.Exosomes are extracellular vesicles.They can be secreted by cancer cells,and they can modulate chemotherapy sensitivity.Determining exosomal content opens the possibility for guiding treatment strategies for cancer diseases.Exosomal microRNA are considered one of the prime candidates for exosomal biomarkers.Exosomal circular RNAs represent excellent biomarkers for liquid biopsy because of their stability in many types of cancer.Exosomal proteins remain reliable biomarkers also.Exosomes have emerged as promising therapeutic candidates.Their biological properties render them ideal vectors for drug delivery.Genetic modification of exosomes is an effective way to deliver material capable of modulating cellular pathways involved in drug resistance.Furthermore,exosomes have been explored as carriers for metal-chelating agents.Integrating exosome-based therapies with traditional anticancer agents aims to exploit the natural targeting abilities of exosomes to enhance drug delivery.Despite the dynamic development of this field,many mechanisms of exosome action remain incompletely understood.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct further studies that will allow for a better understanding of their role in the process of resistance and will enable the development of effective therapeutic strategies.展开更多
Banana(Musa spp.),being a globally significant fruit crop,faces a myriad of threats from various diseases,such as Fusarium wilt,Xanthomonas wilt,bunchy top disease,and weevils disease.This review provides an overview ...Banana(Musa spp.),being a globally significant fruit crop,faces a myriad of threats from various diseases,such as Fusarium wilt,Xanthomonas wilt,bunchy top disease,and weevils disease.This review provides an overview of recent advancements in molecular mechanisms and immune signaling pathways underlying disease resistance in banana.First,the review discusses the latest research advances on banana pests and diseases.Subsequently,this review explores the immune responses and signaling pathways,pattern recognition receptor-triggered immunity,effector-triggered immunity,cell death,reactive oxygen species,autophagy,hormonal pathways,and other players involved in bananaedisease interactions.Finally,the review discusses the current understanding of the genetic architecture of disease resistance in banana,focusing on the identification of defense-related genes and quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to major pathogens and offering recommendations for genetic research.The conclusion underscores the significance of research on banana immunity,specifically highlighting the crucial need to identify endogenous resistance genes and elucidate immune signaling pathways for future efforts aimed at breeding disease-resistant banana.This review offers a comprehensive perspective on the molecular mechanisms underlying disease resistance in banana and serves as a valuable reference for breeding efforts aimed at enhancing banana's resistance to pathogens.展开更多
TiB_(2)coatings can significantly enhance the high-temperature oxidation resistance of molybdenum,which would broaden the application range of molybdenum and alloys thereof.However,traditional methods for preparing Ti...TiB_(2)coatings can significantly enhance the high-temperature oxidation resistance of molybdenum,which would broaden the application range of molybdenum and alloys thereof.However,traditional methods for preparing TiB_(2)coatings have disadvantages such as high equipment costs,complicated processes,and highly toxic gas emissions.This paper proposes an environmentally friendly method,which requires inexpensive equipment and simple processing,for preparing TiB_(2)coating on molybdenum via electrophoretic deposition within Na3AlF6-based molten salts.The produced TiB_(2)layer had an approximate thickness of 60μm and exhibited high density,outstanding hardness(38.2 GPa)and robust adhesion strength(51 N).Additionally,high-temperature oxidation experiments revealed that,at900℃,the TiB_(2)coating provided effective protection to the molybdenum substrate against oxidation for 3 h.This result indicates that the TiB_(2)coating prepared on molybdenum using molten salt electrophoretic deposition possesses good high-temperature oxidation resistance.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus has central complications:Diabetes,a metabolic disorder primarily characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion,or impaired insulin signaling,has significant central com...Type 2 diabetes mellitus has central complications:Diabetes,a metabolic disorder primarily characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion,or impaired insulin signaling,has significant central complications.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),the most prevalent type of diabetes,affects more than 38 million individuals in the United States(approximately 1 in 10)and is defined by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance,which refers to a reduced cellular response to insulin.展开更多
Economical,stable,and corrosion-resistant catalytic electrodes are still urgently needed for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in water and seawater.Herein,a mild electroless plating strategy is used to achieve large-...Economical,stable,and corrosion-resistant catalytic electrodes are still urgently needed for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in water and seawater.Herein,a mild electroless plating strategy is used to achieve large-scale preparation of the“integrated”phosphorus-based precatalyst(FeP-NiP)on nickel foam(NF),which is in situ reconstructed into a highly active and corrosion-resistant(Fe)NiOOH phase for OER.The interaction between phosphate anions(PO_(x)^(y-))and iron ions(Fe^(3+))tunes the electronic structure of the catalytic phase to further enhance OER kinetics.The integrated FeP-NiP@NF electrode exhibits low overpotentials for OER in alkaline water/seawater,requiring only 275/289,320/336,and 349/358 mV to reach 0.1,0.5,and 1.0 A cm^(−2),respectively.The in situ reconstructed PO_(x)^(y-)anion electrostatically repels Cl−in seawater electrolytes,allowing stable operation for over 7 days at 1.0 A cm^(−2) in extreme electrolytes(1.0 M KOH+seawater and 6.0 M KOH+seawater),demonstrating industrial-level stability.This study overcomes the complex synthesis limitations of P-based materials through innovative material design,opening new avenues for electrochemical energy conversion.展开更多
Background:Breakpoint Cluster Region-Abelson(BCR::ABL1)fusion protein is essential in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML);however,the chronic-to-blast phase transformation remains elusive.We identified n...Background:Breakpoint Cluster Region-Abelson(BCR::ABL1)fusion protein is essential in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML);however,the chronic-to-blast phase transformation remains elusive.We identified novel kinesin light chain 2(KLC2)mutations in CML-myeloid blast phase patients.We aimed to examine the functional role of KLC2 mutations in leukemogenesis.Methods:To evaluate the biological role of KLC2 mutants(MT)in CML cells,we expressed KLC2-MT in different human CML cell lines harboring BCR::ABL1 and performed immunoblot,immunofluorescence,cell proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis;Tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI)-drug activities;and clonogenic assays for in vitro functional analyses.We co-expressed KLC2-MT and BCR::ABL1 in mouse bone marrow cells(BMCs)to evaluate their clonogenic and self-renewal abilities ex vivo.Furthermore,we examined tumorigenic activity and drug efficacy in the K562 xenograft model.Results:KLC2-MT overexpression in BCR::ABL1-positive K562 and KU812 CML cells promoted cell proliferation and clonogenic potential,decreased imatinib sensitivity,and reduced apoptosis.Serial colony replating assays revealed that KLC2-MT and BCR::ABL1 co-expression enhanced the self-renewal ability of mouse BMCs with immature morphology.In the K562 xenograft model,KLC2-MT enhanced tumorigenic potential and diminished imatinib efficacy.Further studies reported that KLC2-MT augmented signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)activation and nuclear accumulation in imatinib-treated CML cells.KLC2-WT and KLC2-MT interacted with mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2(SMAD2);however,the latter impaired transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β)–mediated SMAD2/3 activation while enhancing STAT3 phosphorylation.Conclusions:This study demonstrates the biological and functional importance of KLC2 mutation in CML cells,potentially enabling the development of better treatment strategies for CML patients carrying KLC2 mutations and providing enhanced understanding of the disease progression.展开更多
In-situ formed high Mn steel coating reinforced by carbides was formed by laser surface alloying(LSA).Laser alloyed layers on 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel with Mn+W_(2)C(specimen A),Mn+NiWC(specimen B)and Mn+SiC(specimen C)powder...In-situ formed high Mn steel coating reinforced by carbides was formed by laser surface alloying(LSA).Laser alloyed layers on 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel with Mn+W_(2)C(specimen A),Mn+NiWC(specimen B)and Mn+SiC(specimen C)powders were fabricated to improve the wear and corrosion behavior of 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel blades in high speed mixers.Microstructure evolution,phases,element distribution,microhardness,wear and corrosion behavior of the laser alloyed layers were investigated.Results indicated that high Mn steel matrix composites with undissolved W_(2)C,WC and other in-situ formed carbides were formed by LSA with Mn+W_(2)C and Mn+NiWC while SiC totally dissolved into the high Mn matrix when adding Mn+SiC.Ni as the binding phase in Ni-WC powder decreased the crack sensitivity of the alloyed layer as compared with the addition of W_(2)C powder.An improvement in average microhardness was achieved in the matrix in specimen A,B and C,with the value of 615,602 and 277 HV_(0.5),while that of the substrate was 212 HV_(0.5).The increase of microhardness,wear and corrosion resistance is highly corelated to microstructure,formed phases,type and content of carbides,micro-hardness and toughness of the alloyed layers.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance is common in critically ill patients,typically managed with insulin infusion.However,the occurrence of transient extreme insulin resistance(EIR)requiring except...BACKGROUND Acute hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance is common in critically ill patients,typically managed with insulin infusion.However,the occurrence of transient extreme insulin resistance(EIR)requiring exceptional high-dose insulin is rare.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 68-year-old woman with pneumonia who suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest,subsequently developing transient EIR following a new episode of sepsis.Remarkably,insulin resistance rapidly reversed when the insulin infusion rate peaked at 960 units/hour(a total of 18224 units on that day),and it was promptly titrated down to zero upon achieving the target glucose level.CONCLUSION Exceptional high-dose insulin infusion may be required in critically ill patients with stress-related EIR,which is typically transient.Clinicians should be aware of the phenomenon and cautious to avoid hypoglycemia and fluid overload during the steep titration of high-dose insulin infusion.展开更多
Co-based alloy coating was prepared on Zr alloy using laser melting and cladding technique to study the difference in the high-temperature oxidation behavior between pure metal Co coatings and Co-T800 alloy coatings,a...Co-based alloy coating was prepared on Zr alloy using laser melting and cladding technique to study the difference in the high-temperature oxidation behavior between pure metal Co coatings and Co-T800 alloy coatings,as well as the wear resistance of the coatings.Besides,the effect of changing the laser melting process on the coatings was also investigated.The oxidation mass gain at 800–1200℃and the high-temperature oxidation behavior during high-temperature treatment for 1 h of two coated Zr alloy samples were studied.Results show that the Co coating and the Co-T800 coating have better resistance against high-temperature oxidation.After oxidizing at 1000℃for 1 h,the thickness of the oxide layer of the uncoated sample was 241.0μm,whereas that of the sample with Co-based coating is only 11.8–35.5μm.The friction wear test shows that the depth of the abrasion mark of the coated sample is only 1/2 of that of the substrate,indicating that the hardness and wear resistance of the Zr substrate are greatly improved.The disadvantage of Co-based coatings is the inferior corrosion resistance in 3.5wt%NaCl solution.展开更多
Powdery mildew negatively impacts wheat yield and quality.Emmer wheat(Triticum dicoccum),an ancestral species of common wheat,is a gene donor for wheat improvement.Cultivated emmer accession H1-707 exhibited all-stage...Powdery mildew negatively impacts wheat yield and quality.Emmer wheat(Triticum dicoccum),an ancestral species of common wheat,is a gene donor for wheat improvement.Cultivated emmer accession H1-707 exhibited all-stage resistance to powdery mildew over consecutive years.Genetic analysis of H1-707 at the seedling stage revealed a dominant monogenic inheritance pattern,and the underlying gene was designated Pm71.By employing bulked segregant exome sequencing(BSE-Seq)and using 2000 F2:3 families,Pm71 was fine mapped to a 336-kb interval on chromosome arm 6AS by referencing to the durum cv.Svevo RefSeq 1.0.Collinearity analysis revealed high homology in the candidate interval between Svevo and six Triticum species.Among six high-confidence genes annotated within this interval,TRITD6Av1G005050 encoding a GDSL esterase/lipase was identified as a key candidate for Pm71.展开更多
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a key factor influencing the treatment outcomes of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.The antibiotic resistance spectrum of H.pylori varies in different regions.We investigated ...BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a key factor influencing the treatment outcomes of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.The antibiotic resistance spectrum of H.pylori varies in different regions.We investigated the current status of antibiotic resistance of H.pylori in Hunan Province and analyzed the factors related to such resistance to provide strategies for the accurate clinical treatment of H.pylori infection.AIM To understand the antibiotic resistance of H.pylori in Hunan Province and provide guidance for the clinical treatment of H.pylori infection.METHODS This study selected patients who underwent gastroscopy in five hospitals in Hunan Province from April 2022 to April 2023.The sensitivity of H.pylori to clarithromycin,levofloxacin,metronidazole,amoxicillin,furazolidone,and tetracycline was detected using the Agar dilution method.RESULTS H.pylori strains from a total of 566 patients were isolated and identified.The resistance rates of H.pylori strains to clarithromycin,levofloxacin,metronidazole,amoxicillin,furazolidone,and tetracycline were 49.2%,37.8%,76.1%,2.3%,1.4%,and 0.7%,respectively.The resistance rates to clarithromycin,levofloxacin,and metronidazole were high in the four regions of Hunan Province,and the overall resistance rates in central Hunan Province were higher than those in other regions.The resistance rates of H.pylori strains to clarithromycin and levofloxacin were significantly different among the different age groups(P<0.05),with the elderly group having a higher resistance rate than the young group.The resistance rate of H.pylori strains to clarithromycin was greater in patients with atrophic gastritis,and the resistance rate to levofloxacin was the lowest in patients with peptic ulcers.CONCLUSION The resistance rate of H.pylori to amoxicillin,clarithromycin,and metronidazole is high in Hunan Province.Age,stomach disease,and H.pylori reinfection may affect the antibiotic resistance of H.pylori.展开更多
Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWE)is one of the most promising strategies to pro-duce green hydrogen energy,and it is crucial to exploit highly conductive and good corrosion-resistant coatings on bipol...Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWE)is one of the most promising strategies to pro-duce green hydrogen energy,and it is crucial to exploit highly conductive and good corrosion-resistant coatings on bipolar plates(BPs),one of the core components in PEMWE cells.In this work,NbN coatings are deposited on Ti BPs by magnetron sputtering to improve the corrosion resistance and conductivity,for which the critical process parameters,such as the working pressure,partial nitrogen pressure and de-position temperature are well optimized.It is found that the compact microstructure,highly conductive δ-NbN and uniform nanoparticles play a dominant role in the synergistic improvement of the corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity of NbN coatings.The optimized NbN coatings exhibit excellent cor-rosion resistance with the low corrosion current density of 1.1×10^(-8) A cm^(-2),a high potential value of-0.005 V vs.SCE and a low ICR value of 15.8 mΩcm2@1.5 MPa.Accordingly,NbN coatings can be a promising candidate for the development of the low-cost and high-anti-corrosion Ti BPs of PEMWE.展开更多
A series of transparent,intrinsically flame-retardant,and impact-resistant poly(carbonates-b-siloxanes)were synthesized by incorporating Schiff-base modified polysiloxanes(DMS-Schiff)and naphthalene-sulfonate units in...A series of transparent,intrinsically flame-retardant,and impact-resistant poly(carbonates-b-siloxanes)were synthesized by incorporating Schiff-base modified polysiloxanes(DMS-Schiff)and naphthalene-sulfonate units into the polycarbonate(PC)chain.In addition to high transparency,the resultant copolymers(SS-co-PC5,SS-co-PC9,SS-co-PC14,and SS-co-PC20)exhibited remarkable improvements in fire safety and mechanical performance.Compared to pure PC,these copolymers demonstrated significantly enhanced limiting oxygen index(LOI,up to 34.5%)and a UL-94 V-0 rating under a thickness of only 1.6 mm.The incorporation of the polysiloxane blocks not only improved flame retardancy but also enhanced the impact strength,with SS-co-PC9 showing a 48%increase in elongation at break and a 38%rise in impact toughness compared to pure PC.In addition,SS-co-PC9 presented high mechanical strength.The synergistic effects between the naphthalene-sulfonate and polysiloxane blocks,along with the well-controlled polysiloxane phase separation(sulfonate units enabled lower processing viscosity of copolymers),led to superior comprehensive performance.These findings provide a promising pathway to create high-performance copolycarbonates for real-world applications.展开更多
Exploring high-efficiency and broadband microwave absorption(MA)materials with corrosion resistance and low cost is ur-gently needed for wide practical applications.Herein,the natural porous attapulgite(ATP)nanorods e...Exploring high-efficiency and broadband microwave absorption(MA)materials with corrosion resistance and low cost is ur-gently needed for wide practical applications.Herein,the natural porous attapulgite(ATP)nanorods embedded with TiO_(2)and polyaniline(PANI)nanoparticles are synthesized via heterogeneous precipitation and in-situ polymerization.The obtained PANI-TiO_(2)-ATP one-di-mensional(1D)nanostructures can intertwine into three-dimensional(3D)conductive network,which favors energy dissipation.The min-imum reflection loss(RL_(min))of the PANI-TiO_(2)-ATP coating(20wt%)reaches-49.36 dB at 9.53 GHz,and the effective absorption band-width(EAB)can reach 6.53 GHz with a thickness of 2.1 mm.The excellent MA properties are attributed to interfacial polarization,mul-tiple loss mechanisms,and good impedance matching induced by the synergistic effect of PANI-TiO_(2)nanoparticle shells and ATP nanor-ods.In addition,salt spray and Tafel polarization curve tests reveal that the PANI-TiO_(2)-ATP coating shows outstanding corrosion resist-ance performance.This study provides a low-cost and high-efficiency strategy for constructing 1D nanonetwork composites for MA and corrosion resistance applications using natural porous ATP nanorods as carriers.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver transplant(LT)recipients are susceptible to carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)infections.Comprehensive research addressing the incidence,timing,infection sites,resistance patterns,treatm...BACKGROUND Liver transplant(LT)recipients are susceptible to carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)infections.Comprehensive research addressing the incidence,timing,infection sites,resistance patterns,treatment options,and associated risk factors among LT recipients with CRKP is now lacking.AIM To assess the incidence,resistance,therapy,and risk factors of CRKP infections post-LT,and to evaluate the impact of them on prognosis.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted,including 430 consecutive patients who underwent LT between January 2015 and June 2023.This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for CRKP infections and their influence on outcomes using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Among the 430 patients who underwent LT,20(4.7%)experienced at least one documented CRKP infection within 3 months post-transplantation.The median time from LT to the onset of CRKP infections was 6.5 days.The lungs and bloodstream were the most common sites of CRKP infections.CRKP isolates were relatively susceptible to ceftazidime/avibactam(93.7%),polymyxin B(90.6%),and tigecycline(75.0%)treatment.However,all isolates were resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam,ceftazidime,cefepime,aztreonam,meropenem,and levofloxacin treatment.Recipients with CRKP infections had a mortality rate of 35%,the rate was 12.5%for those receiving ceftazidime/avibactam therapy.Multivariate analysis identified female sex[odds ratio(OR)=3.306;95%confidence interval(CI):1.239-8.822;P=0.017],intraoperative bleeding≥3000 mL(OR=3.269;95%CI:1.018-10.490;P=0.047),alanine aminotransferase on day 1 post-LT≥1500 U/L(OR=4.370;95%CI:1.686-11.326;P=0.002),and post-LT mechanical ventilation(OR=2.772;95%CI:1.077-7.135;P=0.035)as significant variables associated with CRKP.CRKP infections were related to an intensive care unit length(ICU)of stay≥7 days and 6-month all-cause mortality post-LT.CONCLUSION CRKP infections were frequent complications following LT,with poor associated outcomes.Risk factors for post-LT CRKP infections included female sex,significant intraoperative bleeding,elevated alanine aminotransferase levels,and the need for mechanical ventilation.CRKP infections negatively impacted survival and led to prolonged ICU stays.展开更多
Multicomponent(Hf-Zr-Ta)B_(2)potentially provides improved ablation resistance compared with silicon-based ceramics.Here we deposited(Hf_(0.5-x/2)Zr_(0.5-x/2)Ta_(x))B_(2)(x=0,0.1,and 0.2)coatings onto C/C com-posites,...Multicomponent(Hf-Zr-Ta)B_(2)potentially provides improved ablation resistance compared with silicon-based ceramics.Here we deposited(Hf_(0.5-x/2)Zr_(0.5-x/2)Ta_(x))B_(2)(x=0,0.1,and 0.2)coatings onto C/C com-posites,and investigated their ablation behaviors under an oxyacetylene torch with a heat flux of 2.4 MW m^(-2).It was observed that the x=0.1 oxide scale bulged but was denser,and the x=0.2 oxide scale was blown away due to the formation of excessive liquid.Based on these findings,we further de-veloped a duplex(Hf-Zr-Ta)B_(2)coating that showed a linear recession rate close to zero(0.11μm s^(-1))after two 120-s ablation cycles.It is identified that the resulting oxide scale is mainly composed of(Hf,Zr)_(6)Ta_(2)O_(17)and(Hf,Zr,Ta)O_(2)by performing aberration-corrected(scanning)transmission electron microscopy.The protective mechanism is related to the peritectic transformation of orthorhombic-(Hf,Zr)_(6)Ta_(2)O_(17)to tetragonal-(Hf,Zr,Ta)O_(2)plus Ta-dominated liquid.This study contributes to the develop-ment of Ta-containing multicomponent UHTC bulk and coatings for ultra-high temperature applications.展开更多
Recent studies have shown a noticeable increase in global Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)resistance,with clarithromycin resistance surpassing 15%in various areas.However,inadequate epidemiological monitoring,especially ...Recent studies have shown a noticeable increase in global Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)resistance,with clarithromycin resistance surpassing 15%in various areas.However,inadequate epidemiological monitoring,especially in developing countries,and the absence of uniform testing methods lead to discrepancies between regions and a possible underestimation of resistance levels.The complexity of treating H.pylori is driven by its highly dynamic genome,which is prone to frequent mutations contributing to phenotypical resistance.The usual course of action in empirical treatment involves using a combination of various drugs simultaneously,leading to significant resistance selection pressure and potential side effects.The emergence of H.pylori strains resistant to multiple drugs is closely tied to failures in first-line treatment,highlighting the need to prevent further resistance by using optimal initial empirical therapy or regimens guided by antibiotic susceptibility testing,requiring a collection of mixed samples and multiple isolates for accurate assessment.The emergence of new treatments like potassium-competitive acid blockers offers a hopeful approach to decrease antimicrobial usage while still ensuring effectiveness in comparison to traditional therapies with proton pump inhibitors.Additionally,the use of probiotics is under investigation to identify specific strains and formulations that may mitigate therapy-associated adverse effects.展开更多
Reductive soil disinfestation(RSD)is commonly employed for soil remediation in greenhouse cultivation.However,its influence on antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in soil remains uncertain.This study investigated the dyn...Reductive soil disinfestation(RSD)is commonly employed for soil remediation in greenhouse cultivation.However,its influence on antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in soil remains uncertain.This study investigated the dynamic changes in soil communities,potential bacterial pathogens,and ARG profiles under various organicmaterial treatments during RSD,including distillers’grains,potato peel,peanut vine,and peanut vine combined with charcoal.Results revealed that applying diverse organic materials in RSD significantly altered bacterial community composition and diminished the relative abundance of potential bacterial pathogens(P<0.05).The relative abundance of high-risk ARGs decreased by 10.7%-30.6%after RSD treatments,the main decreased ARG subtypeswere AAC(3)_Via,dfrA1,ErmB,lnuB,aadA.Actinobacteria was the primary host of ARGs and was suppressed by RSD.Soil physicochemical properties,such as total nitrogen,soil pH,total carbon,were crucial factors affecting ARG profiles.Our findings demonstrated that RSD treatment inhibited pathogenic bacteria and could be an option for reducing high-risk ARG proliferation in soil.展开更多
文摘Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are among the most prevalent pediatric bacterial infections,and undertreated episodes may lead to renal scarring,hypertension,or chronic kidney disease.Multidrug-resistant(MDR)Enterobacterales have been increasingly reported in children,with higher rates in Asian and Middle Eastern settings than in high-income countries[1,2].
文摘Objective:To analyse the prevalence of serotypes,antibiotic resistance,and virulence genes of Group B Streptococcus(GBS)strains isolated from pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam,from January 2022 to January 2023.Methods:GBS strains were isolated through selective culture methods and confirmed by PCR.Serotyping,virulence gene detection,and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using PCR,gel electrophoresis techniques and Kirby-Bauer test.Results:Totally,61 GBS isolated from 300 participants have been identified including seven GBS serotypes(Ⅰa,Ⅰb,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,andⅥ).SerotypesⅦ,Ⅷ,andⅨwere not detected in the study population.Antibiotic resistance patterns varied:13.1%of isolates were fully susceptible,while the majority showed multi-drug resistance,with 34.4%resistant to three antibiotics.SerotypeⅠa demonstrated high susceptibility(35.7%),while serotypeⅢshowed extensive resistance,with 87.5%being resistant to at least three antibiotics.All strains are susceptible to vancomycin andβ-lactams susceptibility also remained high,but resistance to clindamycin,erythromycin,and tetracycline was high(>65%).The virulence genes scpB,cylB,fbsB,and cfb were highly prevalent(90%-100%),indicating their potential for vaccine and diagnostic development.Conclusions:Our findings provide valuable insights into GBS serotypes,resistance,and virulence factors,contributing to community monitoring,preventive measures,diagnostics,and vaccine development.However,the limited sample size necessitates further research.
文摘The last research focuses on the role of exosomes in cancer treatment.Exosomes are extracellular vesicles.They can be secreted by cancer cells,and they can modulate chemotherapy sensitivity.Determining exosomal content opens the possibility for guiding treatment strategies for cancer diseases.Exosomal microRNA are considered one of the prime candidates for exosomal biomarkers.Exosomal circular RNAs represent excellent biomarkers for liquid biopsy because of their stability in many types of cancer.Exosomal proteins remain reliable biomarkers also.Exosomes have emerged as promising therapeutic candidates.Their biological properties render them ideal vectors for drug delivery.Genetic modification of exosomes is an effective way to deliver material capable of modulating cellular pathways involved in drug resistance.Furthermore,exosomes have been explored as carriers for metal-chelating agents.Integrating exosome-based therapies with traditional anticancer agents aims to exploit the natural targeting abilities of exosomes to enhance drug delivery.Despite the dynamic development of this field,many mechanisms of exosome action remain incompletely understood.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct further studies that will allow for a better understanding of their role in the process of resistance and will enable the development of effective therapeutic strategies.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant Nos.2022A15151104922023A1515012955)Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.2023A04J0795).
文摘Banana(Musa spp.),being a globally significant fruit crop,faces a myriad of threats from various diseases,such as Fusarium wilt,Xanthomonas wilt,bunchy top disease,and weevils disease.This review provides an overview of recent advancements in molecular mechanisms and immune signaling pathways underlying disease resistance in banana.First,the review discusses the latest research advances on banana pests and diseases.Subsequently,this review explores the immune responses and signaling pathways,pattern recognition receptor-triggered immunity,effector-triggered immunity,cell death,reactive oxygen species,autophagy,hormonal pathways,and other players involved in bananaedisease interactions.Finally,the review discusses the current understanding of the genetic architecture of disease resistance in banana,focusing on the identification of defense-related genes and quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to major pathogens and offering recommendations for genetic research.The conclusion underscores the significance of research on banana immunity,specifically highlighting the crucial need to identify endogenous resistance genes and elucidate immune signaling pathways for future efforts aimed at breeding disease-resistant banana.This review offers a comprehensive perspective on the molecular mechanisms underlying disease resistance in banana and serves as a valuable reference for breeding efforts aimed at enhancing banana's resistance to pathogens.
基金supported by the Original Exploratory Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52450012)。
文摘TiB_(2)coatings can significantly enhance the high-temperature oxidation resistance of molybdenum,which would broaden the application range of molybdenum and alloys thereof.However,traditional methods for preparing TiB_(2)coatings have disadvantages such as high equipment costs,complicated processes,and highly toxic gas emissions.This paper proposes an environmentally friendly method,which requires inexpensive equipment and simple processing,for preparing TiB_(2)coating on molybdenum via electrophoretic deposition within Na3AlF6-based molten salts.The produced TiB_(2)layer had an approximate thickness of 60μm and exhibited high density,outstanding hardness(38.2 GPa)and robust adhesion strength(51 N).Additionally,high-temperature oxidation experiments revealed that,at900℃,the TiB_(2)coating provided effective protection to the molybdenum substrate against oxidation for 3 h.This result indicates that the TiB_(2)coating prepared on molybdenum using molten salt electrophoretic deposition possesses good high-temperature oxidation resistance.
基金supported by grants from NIH T32(DK007260,to WC)the Steno North American Fellowship awarded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation(NNF23OC0087108,to WC)+6 种基金STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0202700,to HY)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32241004,to HY)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(LR24C090001,to HY)Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2024SSYS0017,to HY)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-12M-5-057,to HY)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2022-00193,to HY)the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2023-PT310-01,to HY)。
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus has central complications:Diabetes,a metabolic disorder primarily characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion,or impaired insulin signaling,has significant central complications.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),the most prevalent type of diabetes,affects more than 38 million individuals in the United States(approximately 1 in 10)and is defined by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance,which refers to a reduced cellular response to insulin.
基金funding support from Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.23ZR1443900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22178309,22476131 and 22176127)。
文摘Economical,stable,and corrosion-resistant catalytic electrodes are still urgently needed for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in water and seawater.Herein,a mild electroless plating strategy is used to achieve large-scale preparation of the“integrated”phosphorus-based precatalyst(FeP-NiP)on nickel foam(NF),which is in situ reconstructed into a highly active and corrosion-resistant(Fe)NiOOH phase for OER.The interaction between phosphate anions(PO_(x)^(y-))and iron ions(Fe^(3+))tunes the electronic structure of the catalytic phase to further enhance OER kinetics.The integrated FeP-NiP@NF electrode exhibits low overpotentials for OER in alkaline water/seawater,requiring only 275/289,320/336,and 349/358 mV to reach 0.1,0.5,and 1.0 A cm^(−2),respectively.The in situ reconstructed PO_(x)^(y-)anion electrostatically repels Cl−in seawater electrolytes,allowing stable operation for over 7 days at 1.0 A cm^(−2) in extreme electrolytes(1.0 M KOH+seawater and 6.0 M KOH+seawater),demonstrating industrial-level stability.This study overcomes the complex synthesis limitations of P-based materials through innovative material design,opening new avenues for electrochemical energy conversion.
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan(MOST108-2314-B-182-006,MOST109-2314-B-182-071:Lee-Yung Shih)the Ministry of Health and Welfare,Taiwan(MOHW110-TDU-B-212-134011:Lee-Yung Shih)+3 种基金Chang Gung Memorial Hospital(CMRPG3D1524,OMRPG3E0031:Lee-Yung Shih)the Grant-in-Aid for the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI(JP19H05656:Seishi Ogawa,22K16320:Yotaro Ochi)the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED)(JP19cm0106501h0004,JP19ck0106250h0003:Seishi Ogawa)the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology of Japan(MEXT)(hp200138,hp210167:Seishi Ogawa)。
文摘Background:Breakpoint Cluster Region-Abelson(BCR::ABL1)fusion protein is essential in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia(CML);however,the chronic-to-blast phase transformation remains elusive.We identified novel kinesin light chain 2(KLC2)mutations in CML-myeloid blast phase patients.We aimed to examine the functional role of KLC2 mutations in leukemogenesis.Methods:To evaluate the biological role of KLC2 mutants(MT)in CML cells,we expressed KLC2-MT in different human CML cell lines harboring BCR::ABL1 and performed immunoblot,immunofluorescence,cell proliferation,differentiation,and apoptosis;Tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI)-drug activities;and clonogenic assays for in vitro functional analyses.We co-expressed KLC2-MT and BCR::ABL1 in mouse bone marrow cells(BMCs)to evaluate their clonogenic and self-renewal abilities ex vivo.Furthermore,we examined tumorigenic activity and drug efficacy in the K562 xenograft model.Results:KLC2-MT overexpression in BCR::ABL1-positive K562 and KU812 CML cells promoted cell proliferation and clonogenic potential,decreased imatinib sensitivity,and reduced apoptosis.Serial colony replating assays revealed that KLC2-MT and BCR::ABL1 co-expression enhanced the self-renewal ability of mouse BMCs with immature morphology.In the K562 xenograft model,KLC2-MT enhanced tumorigenic potential and diminished imatinib efficacy.Further studies reported that KLC2-MT augmented signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)activation and nuclear accumulation in imatinib-treated CML cells.KLC2-WT and KLC2-MT interacted with mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2(SMAD2);however,the latter impaired transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β)–mediated SMAD2/3 activation while enhancing STAT3 phosphorylation.Conclusions:This study demonstrates the biological and functional importance of KLC2 mutation in CML cells,potentially enabling the development of better treatment strategies for CML patients carrying KLC2 mutations and providing enhanced understanding of the disease progression.
文摘In-situ formed high Mn steel coating reinforced by carbides was formed by laser surface alloying(LSA).Laser alloyed layers on 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel with Mn+W_(2)C(specimen A),Mn+NiWC(specimen B)and Mn+SiC(specimen C)powders were fabricated to improve the wear and corrosion behavior of 1Cr18Ni9Ti steel blades in high speed mixers.Microstructure evolution,phases,element distribution,microhardness,wear and corrosion behavior of the laser alloyed layers were investigated.Results indicated that high Mn steel matrix composites with undissolved W_(2)C,WC and other in-situ formed carbides were formed by LSA with Mn+W_(2)C and Mn+NiWC while SiC totally dissolved into the high Mn matrix when adding Mn+SiC.Ni as the binding phase in Ni-WC powder decreased the crack sensitivity of the alloyed layer as compared with the addition of W_(2)C powder.An improvement in average microhardness was achieved in the matrix in specimen A,B and C,with the value of 615,602 and 277 HV_(0.5),while that of the substrate was 212 HV_(0.5).The increase of microhardness,wear and corrosion resistance is highly corelated to microstructure,formed phases,type and content of carbides,micro-hardness and toughness of the alloyed layers.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance is common in critically ill patients,typically managed with insulin infusion.However,the occurrence of transient extreme insulin resistance(EIR)requiring exceptional high-dose insulin is rare.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 68-year-old woman with pneumonia who suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest,subsequently developing transient EIR following a new episode of sepsis.Remarkably,insulin resistance rapidly reversed when the insulin infusion rate peaked at 960 units/hour(a total of 18224 units on that day),and it was promptly titrated down to zero upon achieving the target glucose level.CONCLUSION Exceptional high-dose insulin infusion may be required in critically ill patients with stress-related EIR,which is typically transient.Clinicians should be aware of the phenomenon and cautious to avoid hypoglycemia and fluid overload during the steep titration of high-dose insulin infusion.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52071126)Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City,China(22JCQNJC01240)+2 种基金Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province(226Z1009G)Special Funds for Science and Technology Innovation in Hebei(2022X19)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2308085ME135)。
文摘Co-based alloy coating was prepared on Zr alloy using laser melting and cladding technique to study the difference in the high-temperature oxidation behavior between pure metal Co coatings and Co-T800 alloy coatings,as well as the wear resistance of the coatings.Besides,the effect of changing the laser melting process on the coatings was also investigated.The oxidation mass gain at 800–1200℃and the high-temperature oxidation behavior during high-temperature treatment for 1 h of two coated Zr alloy samples were studied.Results show that the Co coating and the Co-T800 coating have better resistance against high-temperature oxidation.After oxidizing at 1000℃for 1 h,the thickness of the oxide layer of the uncoated sample was 241.0μm,whereas that of the sample with Co-based coating is only 11.8–35.5μm.The friction wear test shows that the depth of the abrasion mark of the coated sample is only 1/2 of that of the substrate,indicating that the hardness and wear resistance of the Zr substrate are greatly improved.The disadvantage of Co-based coatings is the inferior corrosion resistance in 3.5wt%NaCl solution.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301800,32301923 and 32072053)Wheat Industrial Technology System of Shandong Province(SDAIT-01-01)Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(2022LZG002-4,2023LZGC009-4-4).
文摘Powdery mildew negatively impacts wheat yield and quality.Emmer wheat(Triticum dicoccum),an ancestral species of common wheat,is a gene donor for wheat improvement.Cultivated emmer accession H1-707 exhibited all-stage resistance to powdery mildew over consecutive years.Genetic analysis of H1-707 at the seedling stage revealed a dominant monogenic inheritance pattern,and the underlying gene was designated Pm71.By employing bulked segregant exome sequencing(BSE-Seq)and using 2000 F2:3 families,Pm71 was fine mapped to a 336-kb interval on chromosome arm 6AS by referencing to the durum cv.Svevo RefSeq 1.0.Collinearity analysis revealed high homology in the candidate interval between Svevo and six Triticum species.Among six high-confidence genes annotated within this interval,TRITD6Av1G005050 encoding a GDSL esterase/lipase was identified as a key candidate for Pm71.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82270594the Independent Exploration and Innovation Project of Central South University,No.2024ZZTS0966.
文摘BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a key factor influencing the treatment outcomes of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection.The antibiotic resistance spectrum of H.pylori varies in different regions.We investigated the current status of antibiotic resistance of H.pylori in Hunan Province and analyzed the factors related to such resistance to provide strategies for the accurate clinical treatment of H.pylori infection.AIM To understand the antibiotic resistance of H.pylori in Hunan Province and provide guidance for the clinical treatment of H.pylori infection.METHODS This study selected patients who underwent gastroscopy in five hospitals in Hunan Province from April 2022 to April 2023.The sensitivity of H.pylori to clarithromycin,levofloxacin,metronidazole,amoxicillin,furazolidone,and tetracycline was detected using the Agar dilution method.RESULTS H.pylori strains from a total of 566 patients were isolated and identified.The resistance rates of H.pylori strains to clarithromycin,levofloxacin,metronidazole,amoxicillin,furazolidone,and tetracycline were 49.2%,37.8%,76.1%,2.3%,1.4%,and 0.7%,respectively.The resistance rates to clarithromycin,levofloxacin,and metronidazole were high in the four regions of Hunan Province,and the overall resistance rates in central Hunan Province were higher than those in other regions.The resistance rates of H.pylori strains to clarithromycin and levofloxacin were significantly different among the different age groups(P<0.05),with the elderly group having a higher resistance rate than the young group.The resistance rate of H.pylori strains to clarithromycin was greater in patients with atrophic gastritis,and the resistance rate to levofloxacin was the lowest in patients with peptic ulcers.CONCLUSION The resistance rate of H.pylori to amoxicillin,clarithromycin,and metronidazole is high in Hunan Province.Age,stomach disease,and H.pylori reinfection may affect the antibiotic resistance of H.pylori.
基金supported by the National Key Re-search and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB4002100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271136)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Nos.2019TD-020 and 2021JC-06).
文摘Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWE)is one of the most promising strategies to pro-duce green hydrogen energy,and it is crucial to exploit highly conductive and good corrosion-resistant coatings on bipolar plates(BPs),one of the core components in PEMWE cells.In this work,NbN coatings are deposited on Ti BPs by magnetron sputtering to improve the corrosion resistance and conductivity,for which the critical process parameters,such as the working pressure,partial nitrogen pressure and de-position temperature are well optimized.It is found that the compact microstructure,highly conductive δ-NbN and uniform nanoparticles play a dominant role in the synergistic improvement of the corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity of NbN coatings.The optimized NbN coatings exhibit excellent cor-rosion resistance with the low corrosion current density of 1.1×10^(-8) A cm^(-2),a high potential value of-0.005 V vs.SCE and a low ICR value of 15.8 mΩcm2@1.5 MPa.Accordingly,NbN coatings can be a promising candidate for the development of the low-cost and high-anti-corrosion Ti BPs of PEMWE.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52403117,52173083,51991355,and 52173082)the 2024 Ningbo Yongjiang Talent Programme,the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LY24E030007)the Australian Research Council(No.DE230100616).
文摘A series of transparent,intrinsically flame-retardant,and impact-resistant poly(carbonates-b-siloxanes)were synthesized by incorporating Schiff-base modified polysiloxanes(DMS-Schiff)and naphthalene-sulfonate units into the polycarbonate(PC)chain.In addition to high transparency,the resultant copolymers(SS-co-PC5,SS-co-PC9,SS-co-PC14,and SS-co-PC20)exhibited remarkable improvements in fire safety and mechanical performance.Compared to pure PC,these copolymers demonstrated significantly enhanced limiting oxygen index(LOI,up to 34.5%)and a UL-94 V-0 rating under a thickness of only 1.6 mm.The incorporation of the polysiloxane blocks not only improved flame retardancy but also enhanced the impact strength,with SS-co-PC9 showing a 48%increase in elongation at break and a 38%rise in impact toughness compared to pure PC.In addition,SS-co-PC9 presented high mechanical strength.The synergistic effects between the naphthalene-sulfonate and polysiloxane blocks,along with the well-controlled polysiloxane phase separation(sulfonate units enabled lower processing viscosity of copolymers),led to superior comprehensive performance.These findings provide a promising pathway to create high-performance copolycarbonates for real-world applications.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB3701503)the Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo,China(No.2023Z107)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Key R&D program,China(No.BE2019072)the special project of Gansu regional science and technology cooperation,China(No.20JR10 QA579).
文摘Exploring high-efficiency and broadband microwave absorption(MA)materials with corrosion resistance and low cost is ur-gently needed for wide practical applications.Herein,the natural porous attapulgite(ATP)nanorods embedded with TiO_(2)and polyaniline(PANI)nanoparticles are synthesized via heterogeneous precipitation and in-situ polymerization.The obtained PANI-TiO_(2)-ATP one-di-mensional(1D)nanostructures can intertwine into three-dimensional(3D)conductive network,which favors energy dissipation.The min-imum reflection loss(RL_(min))of the PANI-TiO_(2)-ATP coating(20wt%)reaches-49.36 dB at 9.53 GHz,and the effective absorption band-width(EAB)can reach 6.53 GHz with a thickness of 2.1 mm.The excellent MA properties are attributed to interfacial polarization,mul-tiple loss mechanisms,and good impedance matching induced by the synergistic effect of PANI-TiO_(2)nanoparticle shells and ATP nanor-ods.In addition,salt spray and Tafel polarization curve tests reveal that the PANI-TiO_(2)-ATP coating shows outstanding corrosion resist-ance performance.This study provides a low-cost and high-efficiency strategy for constructing 1D nanonetwork composites for MA and corrosion resistance applications using natural porous ATP nanorods as carriers.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver transplant(LT)recipients are susceptible to carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)infections.Comprehensive research addressing the incidence,timing,infection sites,resistance patterns,treatment options,and associated risk factors among LT recipients with CRKP is now lacking.AIM To assess the incidence,resistance,therapy,and risk factors of CRKP infections post-LT,and to evaluate the impact of them on prognosis.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted,including 430 consecutive patients who underwent LT between January 2015 and June 2023.This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for CRKP infections and their influence on outcomes using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS Among the 430 patients who underwent LT,20(4.7%)experienced at least one documented CRKP infection within 3 months post-transplantation.The median time from LT to the onset of CRKP infections was 6.5 days.The lungs and bloodstream were the most common sites of CRKP infections.CRKP isolates were relatively susceptible to ceftazidime/avibactam(93.7%),polymyxin B(90.6%),and tigecycline(75.0%)treatment.However,all isolates were resistant to piperacillin/tazobactam,ceftazidime,cefepime,aztreonam,meropenem,and levofloxacin treatment.Recipients with CRKP infections had a mortality rate of 35%,the rate was 12.5%for those receiving ceftazidime/avibactam therapy.Multivariate analysis identified female sex[odds ratio(OR)=3.306;95%confidence interval(CI):1.239-8.822;P=0.017],intraoperative bleeding≥3000 mL(OR=3.269;95%CI:1.018-10.490;P=0.047),alanine aminotransferase on day 1 post-LT≥1500 U/L(OR=4.370;95%CI:1.686-11.326;P=0.002),and post-LT mechanical ventilation(OR=2.772;95%CI:1.077-7.135;P=0.035)as significant variables associated with CRKP.CRKP infections were related to an intensive care unit length(ICU)of stay≥7 days and 6-month all-cause mortality post-LT.CONCLUSION CRKP infections were frequent complications following LT,with poor associated outcomes.Risk factors for post-LT CRKP infections included female sex,significant intraoperative bleeding,elevated alanine aminotransferase levels,and the need for mechanical ventilation.CRKP infections negatively impacted survival and led to prolonged ICU stays.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Pro-gram of China(Grant No.2021YFA0715803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52293373,52130205,and 52302091)+1 种基金the Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technol-ogy R&D Program(No.225200810002)the ND Basic Research Funds of Northwestern Polytechnical University(No.G2022WD).
文摘Multicomponent(Hf-Zr-Ta)B_(2)potentially provides improved ablation resistance compared with silicon-based ceramics.Here we deposited(Hf_(0.5-x/2)Zr_(0.5-x/2)Ta_(x))B_(2)(x=0,0.1,and 0.2)coatings onto C/C com-posites,and investigated their ablation behaviors under an oxyacetylene torch with a heat flux of 2.4 MW m^(-2).It was observed that the x=0.1 oxide scale bulged but was denser,and the x=0.2 oxide scale was blown away due to the formation of excessive liquid.Based on these findings,we further de-veloped a duplex(Hf-Zr-Ta)B_(2)coating that showed a linear recession rate close to zero(0.11μm s^(-1))after two 120-s ablation cycles.It is identified that the resulting oxide scale is mainly composed of(Hf,Zr)_(6)Ta_(2)O_(17)and(Hf,Zr,Ta)O_(2)by performing aberration-corrected(scanning)transmission electron microscopy.The protective mechanism is related to the peritectic transformation of orthorhombic-(Hf,Zr)_(6)Ta_(2)O_(17)to tetragonal-(Hf,Zr,Ta)O_(2)plus Ta-dominated liquid.This study contributes to the develop-ment of Ta-containing multicomponent UHTC bulk and coatings for ultra-high temperature applications.
基金Supported by the Industrial Technological Initiation Scholarship of National Council for Scientific and Technological Development,CNPq,Brazil,No.0932204294929829 and No.7414780530977345the Scientific Initiation Scholarship Programme(PIBIC)of National Council for Scientific and Technological Development,CNPq,Brazil,No.5763023359532159,No.6472982965854452,and No.7340128440641417+2 种基金the Scientific Initiation Scholarship Programme(PIBIC)of Bahia State Research Support Foundation,FAPESB,Brazil,No.19.573.301.5418the PERMANECER Programme of Pro-Rectory of Student Assistance at Federal University of Bahia,No.R8EZ-4V4W-6LQX-5LC8the CNPq Research Productivity Fellow,No.4357511882624145.
文摘Recent studies have shown a noticeable increase in global Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)resistance,with clarithromycin resistance surpassing 15%in various areas.However,inadequate epidemiological monitoring,especially in developing countries,and the absence of uniform testing methods lead to discrepancies between regions and a possible underestimation of resistance levels.The complexity of treating H.pylori is driven by its highly dynamic genome,which is prone to frequent mutations contributing to phenotypical resistance.The usual course of action in empirical treatment involves using a combination of various drugs simultaneously,leading to significant resistance selection pressure and potential side effects.The emergence of H.pylori strains resistant to multiple drugs is closely tied to failures in first-line treatment,highlighting the need to prevent further resistance by using optimal initial empirical therapy or regimens guided by antibiotic susceptibility testing,requiring a collection of mixed samples and multiple isolates for accurate assessment.The emergence of new treatments like potassium-competitive acid blockers offers a hopeful approach to decrease antimicrobial usage while still ensuring effectiveness in comparison to traditional therapies with proton pump inhibitors.Additionally,the use of probiotics is under investigation to identify specific strains and formulations that may mitigate therapy-associated adverse effects.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(No 2021CXGC010803)Pan’an County Chinese Medicine Industry Project(No.PZYF202103).
文摘Reductive soil disinfestation(RSD)is commonly employed for soil remediation in greenhouse cultivation.However,its influence on antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)in soil remains uncertain.This study investigated the dynamic changes in soil communities,potential bacterial pathogens,and ARG profiles under various organicmaterial treatments during RSD,including distillers’grains,potato peel,peanut vine,and peanut vine combined with charcoal.Results revealed that applying diverse organic materials in RSD significantly altered bacterial community composition and diminished the relative abundance of potential bacterial pathogens(P<0.05).The relative abundance of high-risk ARGs decreased by 10.7%-30.6%after RSD treatments,the main decreased ARG subtypeswere AAC(3)_Via,dfrA1,ErmB,lnuB,aadA.Actinobacteria was the primary host of ARGs and was suppressed by RSD.Soil physicochemical properties,such as total nitrogen,soil pH,total carbon,were crucial factors affecting ARG profiles.Our findings demonstrated that RSD treatment inhibited pathogenic bacteria and could be an option for reducing high-risk ARG proliferation in soil.
