In order to research how lignite is utilized, two coal samples of seams 2 and 4 were taken from the Huangxian Basin, China. The samples were separated into vitrinite, sporinite, and resinite. Geo-chemical and pyrolysi...In order to research how lignite is utilized, two coal samples of seams 2 and 4 were taken from the Huangxian Basin, China. The samples were separated into vitrinite, sporinite, and resinite. Geo-chemical and pyrolysis methods were used to analyse three maceral groups and two seam samples. The results indicate that the resinite and sporinite groups have higher extract yields, S1, S2, HI values, and pyrolysis compounds. These differences may shed light on the usage of the Huangxian lignite. Seam 2 pro- duces more gas and oil than seam 4 does because seam 2 contains more resinite and sporinite macerals.展开更多
In view of the exploration cases of immature coal-associated hydrocarbons in the world, it can be seen that resinite and exudatinite are important macerals in Huangxian and Baise brown coals on the basis of a random s...In view of the exploration cases of immature coal-associated hydrocarbons in the world, it can be seen that resinite and exudatinite are important macerals in Huangxian and Baise brown coals on the basis of a random sampling investigation from twelve Chinese Tertiary coal-bearing basins, and resin-genetlc compounds, i.e. isopimarane, abietane, simonellite, retene, etc., account for 60% and more of total hydrocarbon fractions in the soluble parts of both the brown coals. Owing to the effect of redox environmental factors during sedimentary and diagenetic phases, the aromaticity of resin-genetic compounds is apparently different in both kinds of brown coals, it probably is one of the important reasons why naphthenic base or aromatic base oils have resulted.展开更多
CONSPECTUS:Phenolic resin,the first synthetic plastic with a history of more than a century,is synthesized by polycondensation of phenols and aldehydes.Phenolic resin has been extensively explored and once used in eve...CONSPECTUS:Phenolic resin,the first synthetic plastic with a history of more than a century,is synthesized by polycondensation of phenols and aldehydes.Phenolic resin has been extensively explored and once used in every aspect of life such as civil equipment,construction materials,decorations,and military industry.Although the continuous surge of novel high-performance engineering plastics since the last century has accelerated the displacement of phenolic resin,it is still well-known for its admirable properties including mechanical robustness,electrical insulation,fire resistance,and chemical stability.Fortunately,booming nanotechnologies offer new opportunities to unearth the treasures buried deep beneath this centuries-old phenolic chemistry and have ushered phenolic resin into the age of nanomaterials.Leveraging the phenolic chemistry(high activity of phenols,strong eletrophilicity of phenolic hydroxyl groups,or reducing capacity of aldehydes)at the microscopic scale allows precise design and control of the nano/microstructures and compositions.In the past several decades,phenolic resin has entered its second rejuvenation and flourishment with the hallmark of a range of emerging functional nanomaterials.The merit of easy and controllable synthesis is brought into the fullest play to create a huge amount of unprecedented exquisite microstructures.The good thermal stability and high carbon yield also render wide use as protection for other vulnerable materials or as a carbon source.Engineering phenolic resin has produced a series of novel materials spanning from zero-dimensional(0D)nanomaterials to three-dimensional(3D)macroscopic assemblies with outstanding properties far beyond the capabilities of traditional phenolic bulk products.All these properties confer applications in energy,biomedical engineering,thermal insulation,fire resistance,environment,and many other aspects.The intentions of this Account therefore relate to three levels of content:(i)a call for more attention to this traditional phenolic chemistry and material which can bring us new surprises under the light of emerging technologies,(ii)a summary of the advances in novel phenolic materials in terms of synthesis,properties,and applications,and(iii)inspiring more explorations on phenolic chemistry toward the broader interdisciplinary applications.The Account begins with a brief introduction and basic properties of phenolic resin.It then describes the evolution of phenolic resins toward multiscale functional materials and applications.Novel phenolic materials can be categorized into low-dimensional(0D,1D,2D)nanomaterials and macroscopic 3D monoliths based on methods such as hydrothermal synthesis,self-assembly,and freeze-casting.Tuning the synthesis at multiscales leads to various sophisticated structures,such as core−shell nanospheres,nanocables,and wood-like cellular structures that are suitable for applications in energy,biomedical engineering,fire resistance,thermal insulation,and environment.At the end,the remaining challenges and promising directions are proposed from the viewpoints of green synthesis,large-scale fabrication,recycling,and biodegradation.It is expected that this Account would attract more attention to this traditional topic and provide a profound understanding of engineering functional phenolic materials,which finally are expected to provide inspiration for designing other polymeric nanomaterials and monoliths.展开更多
基金Supported by Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD)
文摘In order to research how lignite is utilized, two coal samples of seams 2 and 4 were taken from the Huangxian Basin, China. The samples were separated into vitrinite, sporinite, and resinite. Geo-chemical and pyrolysis methods were used to analyse three maceral groups and two seam samples. The results indicate that the resinite and sporinite groups have higher extract yields, S1, S2, HI values, and pyrolysis compounds. These differences may shed light on the usage of the Huangxian lignite. Seam 2 pro- duces more gas and oil than seam 4 does because seam 2 contains more resinite and sporinite macerals.
基金Project was funded by both the Chinese National Scientific Foundationthe Bio- and Gas geochemisiry Laboratary,Lanzhou Institute of Petroleum Geology,Academia Sinica
文摘In view of the exploration cases of immature coal-associated hydrocarbons in the world, it can be seen that resinite and exudatinite are important macerals in Huangxian and Baise brown coals on the basis of a random sampling investigation from twelve Chinese Tertiary coal-bearing basins, and resin-genetlc compounds, i.e. isopimarane, abietane, simonellite, retene, etc., account for 60% and more of total hydrocarbon fractions in the soluble parts of both the brown coals. Owing to the effect of redox environmental factors during sedimentary and diagenetic phases, the aromaticity of resin-genetic compounds is apparently different in both kinds of brown coals, it probably is one of the important reasons why naphthenic base or aromatic base oils have resulted.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grants 2021YFA0715700 and 2018YFE0202201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 22293044,U1932213,22005287,22175164,21922204,21771168,and 22005286)+1 种基金the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(Grant GXXT-2019-028)Science and Technology Major Project of Anhui Province(201903a05020003).
文摘CONSPECTUS:Phenolic resin,the first synthetic plastic with a history of more than a century,is synthesized by polycondensation of phenols and aldehydes.Phenolic resin has been extensively explored and once used in every aspect of life such as civil equipment,construction materials,decorations,and military industry.Although the continuous surge of novel high-performance engineering plastics since the last century has accelerated the displacement of phenolic resin,it is still well-known for its admirable properties including mechanical robustness,electrical insulation,fire resistance,and chemical stability.Fortunately,booming nanotechnologies offer new opportunities to unearth the treasures buried deep beneath this centuries-old phenolic chemistry and have ushered phenolic resin into the age of nanomaterials.Leveraging the phenolic chemistry(high activity of phenols,strong eletrophilicity of phenolic hydroxyl groups,or reducing capacity of aldehydes)at the microscopic scale allows precise design and control of the nano/microstructures and compositions.In the past several decades,phenolic resin has entered its second rejuvenation and flourishment with the hallmark of a range of emerging functional nanomaterials.The merit of easy and controllable synthesis is brought into the fullest play to create a huge amount of unprecedented exquisite microstructures.The good thermal stability and high carbon yield also render wide use as protection for other vulnerable materials or as a carbon source.Engineering phenolic resin has produced a series of novel materials spanning from zero-dimensional(0D)nanomaterials to three-dimensional(3D)macroscopic assemblies with outstanding properties far beyond the capabilities of traditional phenolic bulk products.All these properties confer applications in energy,biomedical engineering,thermal insulation,fire resistance,environment,and many other aspects.The intentions of this Account therefore relate to three levels of content:(i)a call for more attention to this traditional phenolic chemistry and material which can bring us new surprises under the light of emerging technologies,(ii)a summary of the advances in novel phenolic materials in terms of synthesis,properties,and applications,and(iii)inspiring more explorations on phenolic chemistry toward the broader interdisciplinary applications.The Account begins with a brief introduction and basic properties of phenolic resin.It then describes the evolution of phenolic resins toward multiscale functional materials and applications.Novel phenolic materials can be categorized into low-dimensional(0D,1D,2D)nanomaterials and macroscopic 3D monoliths based on methods such as hydrothermal synthesis,self-assembly,and freeze-casting.Tuning the synthesis at multiscales leads to various sophisticated structures,such as core−shell nanospheres,nanocables,and wood-like cellular structures that are suitable for applications in energy,biomedical engineering,fire resistance,thermal insulation,and environment.At the end,the remaining challenges and promising directions are proposed from the viewpoints of green synthesis,large-scale fabrication,recycling,and biodegradation.It is expected that this Account would attract more attention to this traditional topic and provide a profound understanding of engineering functional phenolic materials,which finally are expected to provide inspiration for designing other polymeric nanomaterials and monoliths.
