Urban waterfronts, where the land of city meets a body of water, are unique and finite resources representing the best opportunities for community enhancement and enrichment. On the other hand, waterfronts are also hi...Urban waterfronts, where the land of city meets a body of water, are unique and finite resources representing the best opportunities for community enhancement and enrichment. On the other hand, waterfronts are also high-risk areas, where the water-related disasters could seriously affect the long-term sustainability of urban environment. This paper focuses on the relationship of the cities with their waterfronts. It presents a case study of Wuhan--a Chinese metropolis, where waterfronts play an important role in its urban planning policy. It attempts to investigate the mechanism of waterfront transformation, and to find out which strategies to adapt and what resilience means in terms of urban waterfronts in a rapidly transforming city. This article examines some representative urban projects on the waterfront and summarizes spatial models applied on the waterfront with distinct policies. Finally, it demonstrates that an urban waterfront is an ＂osmotic interface＂ which should be more correctly envisaged as a network of places, functions, additions and hinges between the city and its water environment. It clarifies that waterfront areas represent a multidisciplinary and multitasking issue in perspective of urban resilient development.展开更多
With the increasing high-risk factors in a changing world,building a resilient marine economy is becoming increasingly essential for sustainable coastal governance.This study aimed to assess the resilience of marine e...With the increasing high-risk factors in a changing world,building a resilient marine economy is becoming increasingly essential for sustainable coastal governance.This study aimed to assess the resilience of marine ecological-economic systems(MEES)using a multi-level approach.Using Chinese coastal regions as an example,we first developed a conceptual framework to establish the indicators for measuring the resilience of MEES.Subsequently,the study introduced the projection pursuit model,coupling coordination model,and correlation network analysis to unpack the system complexities of resilience development at different levels.The results revealed that the resilience of MEES has expanded nearly twice over the last decade,which is largely attributed to the implementation of a national strategy for building maritime power.Spatial disparities in resilience have increasingly become obvious,with developed regions commonly achieving higher resilience levels while less developed regions present inadequate resilience growth because of a lack of robustness and recoverability.In addition,the coordination of the resilience dimensions has shifted from mild disorder to primary coordination.The resilience indicators related to technological inputs had higher network centralities and significantly affected the dynamics of MEES resilience.The study’s findings provide useful implications for guiding policy arrangements and planning practices in the Chinese coastal regions.展开更多
While Western modernization is often regarded as a dominant model of linear progress,existing theories frequently overlook the diversity of modernization paths and the underlying commonalities shared across them.The r...While Western modernization is often regarded as a dominant model of linear progress,existing theories frequently overlook the diversity of modernization paths and the underlying commonalities shared across them.The rise of alternative models,exemplified by Chinese path to modernization,underscores the potential for multiple trajectories of modernization and reveals three core elements that define these paths:building consensus on development,generating momentum for growth,and enhancing resilience to challenges.The success of Chinese path to modernization can be attributed to several key factors:the establishment of a national development consensus driven by the leadership of the Communist Party of China;the creation of development momentum through endogenous growth,optimal resource allocation,and a sustained commitment to reform and opening-up;and the strengthening of resilience via economic diversification,gradual reforms,and robust risk management strategies.In contrast,African nations present a distinct mix of traditional consensus governance and modern democratic practices,while actively engaging in development-security-governance nexus management and refining early warning and crisis management systems.These countries are exploring their own paths to modernization,informed by their unique socio-political contexts.Despite many differences in national conditions,exchanges of experiences between China and African countries-focused on development consensus,momentum,and resilience-can break the myth that“modernization equals Westernization”.Such exchanges can empower developing nations to pursue their own,independent,and context-specific routes toward modernization.展开更多
Mangroves play a pivotal role in tropical and subtropical coastal ecosystem,yet they are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change,particularly the accelerated global sea level rise(SLR)and stronger tropical ...Mangroves play a pivotal role in tropical and subtropical coastal ecosystem,yet they are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change,particularly the accelerated global sea level rise(SLR)and stronger tropical cyclones(TCs).However,there is a lack of research addressing future simultaneous combined impacts of the slow-onset of SLR and rapid-onset of TCs on China's mangroves.In order to develop a comprehensive risk assessment method considering the superimposed effects of these two factors and analyze risk for mangroves in Dongzhaigang,Hainan Island,China,we used observational and climate model data to assess the risks to mangroves under low,intermediate,and very high greenhouse gas(GHG)emission scenarios(such as SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5)in 2030,2050,and 2100,and compiled a risk assessment scheme for mangroves in Dongzhaigang,China.The results showed that the combined risks from SLR and TCs will continue to rise;however,SLRs will increase in intensity,and TCs will decrease.The comprehensive risk of the Dongzhaigang mangroves posed by climate change will remain low under SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5 scenarios by 2030,but it will increase substantially by 2100.While under SSP5-8.5 scenario,the risks to mangroves in Dongzhaigang are projected to increase considerably by 2050,and approximately 68.8%of mangroves will be at very high risk by 2100.The risk to the Dongzhaigang mangroves is not only influenced by the hazards but also closely linked to their exposure and vulnerability.We therefore propose climate resilience developmental responses for mangroves to address the effects of climate change.This study for the combined impact of TCs and SLR on mangroves in Dongzhaigang,China can enrich the method system of mangrove risk assessment and provide references for scientific management.展开更多
Urban underground space(UUS)development has been acknowledged as a positive contribution to urban resilience(UR).Such contribution has been qualitatively addressed in recent years,but only quantitatively discussed in ...Urban underground space(UUS)development has been acknowledged as a positive contribution to urban resilience(UR).Such contribution has been qualitatively addressed in recent years,but only quantitatively discussed in few studies.Quantitative evaluation methods for UR are widely used in China and around the world,but the role of underground space is barely included.This paper provides a way to bridge this gap on the city scale.A UR evaluation framework was carefully constructed that covers the basic aspects and elements of UR.The contributions of UUS to UR were identified and integrated into the UR evaluation framework,and the measurement methods for each indicator related to UUS were determined.A case study of 19 sample cities in China were conducted using the integrated evaluation model.Correlation analysis and clustering analysis were further adopted to interpret the evaluation results,mainly with three indicators reflecting the level of UUS development,namely UUS area(m^(2)),UUS density(104 m^(2)/km^(2))and UUS area per capita(m^(2)/person).The results showed a strong correlation between UUS area and UR.The average proportion of UR provided by UUS in the 19 sample cities was 16.46%,while the maximum figure reached 29.20%.The sample cities were clustered into four categories based on the relationship between the proportion of UR provided by UUS,UUS area,and GDP per capita,where both high and low UUS area tend to provide less proportion of resilience than the medium UUS area.Corresponding suggestions for UUS utilization were proposed to assist cities in achieving urban resilience.展开更多
文摘Urban waterfronts, where the land of city meets a body of water, are unique and finite resources representing the best opportunities for community enhancement and enrichment. On the other hand, waterfronts are also high-risk areas, where the water-related disasters could seriously affect the long-term sustainability of urban environment. This paper focuses on the relationship of the cities with their waterfronts. It presents a case study of Wuhan--a Chinese metropolis, where waterfronts play an important role in its urban planning policy. It attempts to investigate the mechanism of waterfront transformation, and to find out which strategies to adapt and what resilience means in terms of urban waterfronts in a rapidly transforming city. This article examines some representative urban projects on the waterfront and summarizes spatial models applied on the waterfront with distinct policies. Finally, it demonstrates that an urban waterfront is an ＂osmotic interface＂ which should be more correctly envisaged as a network of places, functions, additions and hinges between the city and its water environment. It clarifies that waterfront areas represent a multidisciplinary and multitasking issue in perspective of urban resilient development.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China[Grant No.25CJY091].
文摘With the increasing high-risk factors in a changing world,building a resilient marine economy is becoming increasingly essential for sustainable coastal governance.This study aimed to assess the resilience of marine ecological-economic systems(MEES)using a multi-level approach.Using Chinese coastal regions as an example,we first developed a conceptual framework to establish the indicators for measuring the resilience of MEES.Subsequently,the study introduced the projection pursuit model,coupling coordination model,and correlation network analysis to unpack the system complexities of resilience development at different levels.The results revealed that the resilience of MEES has expanded nearly twice over the last decade,which is largely attributed to the implementation of a national strategy for building maritime power.Spatial disparities in resilience have increasingly become obvious,with developed regions commonly achieving higher resilience levels while less developed regions present inadequate resilience growth because of a lack of robustness and recoverability.In addition,the coordination of the resilience dimensions has shifted from mild disorder to primary coordination.The resilience indicators related to technological inputs had higher network centralities and significantly affected the dynamics of MEES resilience.The study’s findings provide useful implications for guiding policy arrangements and planning practices in the Chinese coastal regions.
基金This article forms part of the 2021 Major Bidding Project under the Special Research Program on Significant Historical Issues,supported by the Chinese Academy of History and funded by the National Social Science Foundation of China:“General History of Africa(Multi-Volume Edition)”(Grant No.LSYZD21022).
文摘While Western modernization is often regarded as a dominant model of linear progress,existing theories frequently overlook the diversity of modernization paths and the underlying commonalities shared across them.The rise of alternative models,exemplified by Chinese path to modernization,underscores the potential for multiple trajectories of modernization and reveals three core elements that define these paths:building consensus on development,generating momentum for growth,and enhancing resilience to challenges.The success of Chinese path to modernization can be attributed to several key factors:the establishment of a national development consensus driven by the leadership of the Communist Party of China;the creation of development momentum through endogenous growth,optimal resource allocation,and a sustained commitment to reform and opening-up;and the strengthening of resilience via economic diversification,gradual reforms,and robust risk management strategies.In contrast,African nations present a distinct mix of traditional consensus governance and modern democratic practices,while actively engaging in development-security-governance nexus management and refining early warning and crisis management systems.These countries are exploring their own paths to modernization,informed by their unique socio-political contexts.Despite many differences in national conditions,exchanges of experiences between China and African countries-focused on development consensus,momentum,and resilience-can break the myth that“modernization equals Westernization”.Such exchanges can empower developing nations to pursue their own,independent,and context-specific routes toward modernization.
基金Under the auspices of the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2017YFA0604902,2017YFA0604903,2017YFA0604901)。
文摘Mangroves play a pivotal role in tropical and subtropical coastal ecosystem,yet they are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change,particularly the accelerated global sea level rise(SLR)and stronger tropical cyclones(TCs).However,there is a lack of research addressing future simultaneous combined impacts of the slow-onset of SLR and rapid-onset of TCs on China's mangroves.In order to develop a comprehensive risk assessment method considering the superimposed effects of these two factors and analyze risk for mangroves in Dongzhaigang,Hainan Island,China,we used observational and climate model data to assess the risks to mangroves under low,intermediate,and very high greenhouse gas(GHG)emission scenarios(such as SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,and SSP5-8.5)in 2030,2050,and 2100,and compiled a risk assessment scheme for mangroves in Dongzhaigang,China.The results showed that the combined risks from SLR and TCs will continue to rise;however,SLRs will increase in intensity,and TCs will decrease.The comprehensive risk of the Dongzhaigang mangroves posed by climate change will remain low under SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5 scenarios by 2030,but it will increase substantially by 2100.While under SSP5-8.5 scenario,the risks to mangroves in Dongzhaigang are projected to increase considerably by 2050,and approximately 68.8%of mangroves will be at very high risk by 2100.The risk to the Dongzhaigang mangroves is not only influenced by the hazards but also closely linked to their exposure and vulnerability.We therefore propose climate resilience developmental responses for mangroves to address the effects of climate change.This study for the combined impact of TCs and SLR on mangroves in Dongzhaigang,China can enrich the method system of mangrove risk assessment and provide references for scientific management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52090083 and 42071251).
文摘Urban underground space(UUS)development has been acknowledged as a positive contribution to urban resilience(UR).Such contribution has been qualitatively addressed in recent years,but only quantitatively discussed in few studies.Quantitative evaluation methods for UR are widely used in China and around the world,but the role of underground space is barely included.This paper provides a way to bridge this gap on the city scale.A UR evaluation framework was carefully constructed that covers the basic aspects and elements of UR.The contributions of UUS to UR were identified and integrated into the UR evaluation framework,and the measurement methods for each indicator related to UUS were determined.A case study of 19 sample cities in China were conducted using the integrated evaluation model.Correlation analysis and clustering analysis were further adopted to interpret the evaluation results,mainly with three indicators reflecting the level of UUS development,namely UUS area(m^(2)),UUS density(104 m^(2)/km^(2))and UUS area per capita(m^(2)/person).The results showed a strong correlation between UUS area and UR.The average proportion of UR provided by UUS in the 19 sample cities was 16.46%,while the maximum figure reached 29.20%.The sample cities were clustered into four categories based on the relationship between the proportion of UR provided by UUS,UUS area,and GDP per capita,where both high and low UUS area tend to provide less proportion of resilience than the medium UUS area.Corresponding suggestions for UUS utilization were proposed to assist cities in achieving urban resilience.
