This paper demonstrates that an increase in bargaining power of Northern firms relative to that of their Southern contractors can trigger reshoring if the North- South wage differential is moderate, such that only ind...This paper demonstrates that an increase in bargaining power of Northern firms relative to that of their Southern contractors can trigger reshoring if the North- South wage differential is moderate, such that only industries with a high share of unskilled labor find outsourcing profitable. However, such an increase in Northern bargaining power can increase offshoring if the wage differential is so high that even industries with a low share of unskilled labor also offshore.展开更多
After Donald Trump returned to the White House,the U.S.government launched a host of measures of“tariff wars”.In addition to announcing tariffs on goods imported to the United States from Canada,Mexico and China,the...After Donald Trump returned to the White House,the U.S.government launched a host of measures of“tariff wars”.In addition to announcing tariffs on goods imported to the United States from Canada,Mexico and China,the government also imposed trade restrictions on specific industries including steel,aluminum and copper,as well as advanced plan for“reciprocal tariffs”.Donald Trump claimed that a“tariff war”would correct trade imbalances,boost government revenue and promote the reshoring of manufacturing to the United States.By leveraging tariffs,the U.S.also attempts to achieve goals in border security,illegal immigration and fentanyl control.Undoubtedly at a central position in Trump’s second term in office,the“tariff war”will exert impacts far beyond economic and trade policies and upon the direction of China-U.S.relations.展开更多
In this study we address the impact of legacy-regional flight outsourcing and vertical alliances on ticket prices in the U.S.air transportation market.The sources of price premiums and airfare idiosyncrasies have been...In this study we address the impact of legacy-regional flight outsourcing and vertical alliances on ticket prices in the U.S.air transportation market.The sources of price premiums and airfare idiosyncrasies have been much debated in the literature.Market concentration,airline domination,airline share of passengers,and the presence of low-cost carriers,have been proven to influence airfares.In addition,the role of partnerships among airlines,such as alliances,code-sharing agreements,and mergers,have been demonstrated to be influential on the price heterogeneities.However,the role of flight outsourcing when legacy airlines contract flights to be operated by regional carriers has not been fully examined in the literature.In this study,we construct a 20-year quarterly panel dataset from the U.S.domestic passenger air transport market,at the route-level,to examine whether airfares are higher when the market share of regional airlines increases.Our results reveal that higher regional airline market shares are associated with higher fares on the routes where flight outsourcing occurs.展开更多
文摘This paper demonstrates that an increase in bargaining power of Northern firms relative to that of their Southern contractors can trigger reshoring if the North- South wage differential is moderate, such that only industries with a high share of unskilled labor find outsourcing profitable. However, such an increase in Northern bargaining power can increase offshoring if the wage differential is so high that even industries with a low share of unskilled labor also offshore.
文摘After Donald Trump returned to the White House,the U.S.government launched a host of measures of“tariff wars”.In addition to announcing tariffs on goods imported to the United States from Canada,Mexico and China,the government also imposed trade restrictions on specific industries including steel,aluminum and copper,as well as advanced plan for“reciprocal tariffs”.Donald Trump claimed that a“tariff war”would correct trade imbalances,boost government revenue and promote the reshoring of manufacturing to the United States.By leveraging tariffs,the U.S.also attempts to achieve goals in border security,illegal immigration and fentanyl control.Undoubtedly at a central position in Trump’s second term in office,the“tariff war”will exert impacts far beyond economic and trade policies and upon the direction of China-U.S.relations.
文摘In this study we address the impact of legacy-regional flight outsourcing and vertical alliances on ticket prices in the U.S.air transportation market.The sources of price premiums and airfare idiosyncrasies have been much debated in the literature.Market concentration,airline domination,airline share of passengers,and the presence of low-cost carriers,have been proven to influence airfares.In addition,the role of partnerships among airlines,such as alliances,code-sharing agreements,and mergers,have been demonstrated to be influential on the price heterogeneities.However,the role of flight outsourcing when legacy airlines contract flights to be operated by regional carriers has not been fully examined in the literature.In this study,we construct a 20-year quarterly panel dataset from the U.S.domestic passenger air transport market,at the route-level,to examine whether airfares are higher when the market share of regional airlines increases.Our results reveal that higher regional airline market shares are associated with higher fares on the routes where flight outsourcing occurs.
