The concept of the brain cognitive reserve is derived from the well-acknowledged notion that the degree of brain damage does not always match the severity of clinical symptoms and neurological/cognitive outcomes.It ha...The concept of the brain cognitive reserve is derived from the well-acknowledged notion that the degree of brain damage does not always match the severity of clinical symptoms and neurological/cognitive outcomes.It has been suggested that the size of the brain(brain reserve) and the extent of neural connections acquired through life(neural reserve) set a threshold beyond which noticeable impairments occur.In contrast,cognitive reserve refers to the brain's ability to adapt and reo rganize stru cturally and functionally to resist damage and maintain function,including neural reserve and brain maintenance,resilience,and compensation(Verkhratsky and Zorec,2024).展开更多
Located in southern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,northwest China,the Liupan Mountain National Nature Reserve covers a total area of 26,783.64 hectares.Established in 1982 and upgraded to national status in 1988,it pr...Located in southern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,northwest China,the Liupan Mountain National Nature Reserve covers a total area of 26,783.64 hectares.Established in 1982 and upgraded to national status in 1988,it protects a vital temperate mountainous forest ecosystem on the Loess Plateau.The reserve is centred around the Liupan Mountain range,one of China’s youngest mountain chains,formed by Himalayan tectonic movements.展开更多
Background There is still limited data on predictive value of coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)–derived fractional flow reserve(CT-FFR) for long term outcomes. We examined the long-term prognostic value ...Background There is still limited data on predictive value of coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)–derived fractional flow reserve(CT-FFR) for long term outcomes. We examined the long-term prognostic value of CT-FFR combined with CCTA–defined atherosclerotic extent in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease(CAD).Methods A retrospective pooled analysis of individual patient data was performed. Deep-learning-based vessel-specific CTFFR was calculated. All patients enrolled were followed-up for at least 5 years. Predictive abilities for major adverse cardiac events(MACE) were compared among three models(model 1), constructed using clinical variables;model 2, model 1+CCTA–derived atherosclerotic extent(Leiden risk score);and model 3, model 2+CT-FFR.Results A total of 480 diabetic patients [median age, 61(55–66) years;52.9% men] were included. During a median follow-up time of 2197(2126–2355) days, 55 patients(11.5%) experienced MACE. In multivariate-adjusted Cox models, Leiden risk score(HR: 1.06;95% CI: 1.01–1.11;P = 0.013) and CT-FFR ≤ 0.80(HR: 6.54;95% CI: 3.18–13.45;P < 0.001) were the independent predictors. The discriminant ability was higher in model 2 than in model 1(C-index, 0.75 vs. 0.63;P < 0.001) and was further promoted by adding CT-FFR to model 3(C-index, 0.81 vs. 0.75;P = 0.002). Net reclassification improvement(NRI) was 0.19(P = 0.009) for model 2 beyond model 1. Of note, adding CT-FFR to model 3 also exhibited significantly improved reclassification compared with model 2(NRI = 0.14;P = 0.011).Conclusion In diabetic patients with CAD, CT-FFR provides robust and incremental prognostic information for predicting longterm outcomes. The combined model exhibits improved prediction abilities, which is beneficial for risk stratification.展开更多
CHINA Wuliangshan National Nature Reserve Spanning a significant altitudinal range from 1,600 to 3,371 metres and encompassing a total area of 31,585 hectares,the Wuliangshan National Nature Reserve protects one of th...CHINA Wuliangshan National Nature Reserve Spanning a significant altitudinal range from 1,600 to 3,371 metres and encompassing a total area of 31,585 hectares,the Wuliangshan National Nature Reserve protects one of the most intact and pristine forest ecosystems in southern Yunnan Province.展开更多
Elk are seen at the Tian’ezhou National Nature Reserve for Elk in Shishou,Hubei Province,on 27 November 2025.The reserve’s elk population has risen from just 64 in the 1990s to more than 4,500 today.
Ungulates serve as key components in maintaining ecosystem stability,and their ecological functions are closely linked to the integrity of giant panda habitats within Wanglang National Nature Reserve.Assessment of ung...Ungulates serve as key components in maintaining ecosystem stability,and their ecological functions are closely linked to the integrity of giant panda habitats within Wanglang National Nature Reserve.Assessment of ungulate habitat suitability in this reserve can provide critical insights into the distribution patterns of ungulate communities across protected areas while informing conservation strategy optimization.Therefore,six ungulate species were monitored,including Tufted deer(Elaphodus cephalophus),Chinese serow(Capricornis milneedwardsii),Chinese goral(Naemorhedus griseus),Sichuan takin(Budorcas taxicolor),Reeve's muntjac(Muntiacus reevesi),and Wild boar(Sus scrofa)in Wanglang National Nature Reserve.The infrared camera monitoring data(a total of 83 sites)and 23 environmental variables were collected from January 2011 to May 2019,the relative abundance index(RAI),independent samples t-test,and optimized MaxEnt model were employed to evaluate the habitat suitability of six ungulate species.Our findings were as follows:(1)there were significant differences in the annual RAI among the six ungulate species(P<0.01).(2)the suitable habitat area varied among species:Tufted deer occupied 9578 hm^(2)(31.08%of the total),Chinese serow 10,093 hm^(2)(32.75%);Chinese goral 9936 hm^(2)(32.24%);Sichuan takin 10,992 hm^(2)(35.67%);Reeve's muntjac 9542 hm^(2)(30.96%);and Wild boar 9642 hm^(2)(31.28%).(3)the spatial niche overlaps between each pair of the six ungulates were all relatively high(D=0.77-0.89).(4)the annual average temperature,precipitation during the coldest season,and vegetation were the key factors influencing habitat selection.These findings offer valuable references for the conservation of ungulates in natural reserve and are conducive to formulating more scientific and effective.展开更多
In recent years,the combined effects of seismic disturbances and extreme rainfall events have intensified water turbidity and sedimentation in several lakes within the Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve located within the Jiuz...In recent years,the combined effects of seismic disturbances and extreme rainfall events have intensified water turbidity and sedimentation in several lakes within the Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve located within the Jiuzhaigou watershed in Southwest China.In July 2024,turbidity events were observed in multiple core lakes,with noticeable impacts on local ecological functions and landscape values.To quantitatively characterize lake physical changes and explore their driving mechanisms,this study developed an integrated“air-space-ground”lake morphological measurement framework that combines unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),unmanned surface vehicles(USV),and satellite remote sensing to enable high-precision acquisition of lake bathymetry,relationships between water level and surface area,and storage capacity.Additionally,time-series analyses of fractional vegetation cover(FVC)and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)model were applied to characterize the patterns of change in vegetation cover and soil erosion intensity before and after seismic and extreme rainfall events.The results show that:(1)The physical morphology of the lakes has changed significantly compared with the field measurements conducted in 2004.The surface areas of the Arrow Bamboo Lake and the Rhinoceros Lake decreased by 15.2%~17.0%,and lake storage capacity decreased by 20%~33%.In Long Lake,the difference between the minimum and maximum daily water levels reached 13.21 m,and since 2021,the annual mean water level has exhibited a continuous decline at a rate of 1.46 m·a^(-1).(2)Based on the results of the FVC time series analysis,the two earthquake events resulted in decreases in vegetation cover by 19.14%and 13.19%,and these decreases were accompanied by enhanced soil erosion under heavy rainfall conditions.This process facilitated the transport of large amounts of terrestrial material into the lakes,thereby contributing to water turbidity and sediment accumulation.RUSLE-based estimates further indicate that the two earthquakes increased the peak mean soil erosion modulus by 7.61 t·ha^(-1)·a^(-1)and 4.10 t·ha^(-1)·a^(-1),respectively,relative to pre-earthquake conditions.Based on these findings,it is recommended to implement slope vegetation restoration on the upstream areas of the core lakes,strengthen slope protection in accident-prone locations,and monitor water-sediment dynamics during heavy rainfall periods,to mitigate sedimentation risks and enhance the stability of the scenic area's ecosystem.展开更多
Objective:To identify predictors of pregnancy and live birth outcomes in assisted reproductive technology(ART)cycles based on patient characteristics,hormonal profile,and embryo transfer variables.Methods:This retrosp...Objective:To identify predictors of pregnancy and live birth outcomes in assisted reproductive technology(ART)cycles based on patient characteristics,hormonal profile,and embryo transfer variables.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included 50 fresh in vitro fertilization(IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)cycles selected from ART participants at a single tertiary ART center.Controlled ovarian stimulation was performed using recombinant follicle stimulating hormone(rFSH),gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)antagonist,and menotropins;oocyte retrieval occurred 36 h after trigger and embryo transfer was performed on day 3 or 5.Outcomes(chemical pregnancy,ongoing pregnancy,abortion,live birth)were compared across groups stratified by maternal age,antral follicle count(AFC),anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH),baseline luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2)at trigger,and endometrial thickness.Multivariate regression was used to identify independent predictors of live birth.Results:A total of 124 ART patients were screened during the study period,of whom 50 participants meeting the eligibility criteria were included in the final analysis.The median age of the participants was 35.8 years[interquartile range(IQR)32.5–39.6].The median AFC was 8(IQR 4–14),AMH level was 1.4 ng/mL(IQR 0.7–2.9),and the median endometrial thickness at embryo transfer was 10.2 mm(IQR 9.0–11.3).Chemical,ongoing,abortion,and live birth rates were 62%,32%,12%,and 16%,respectively.Younger maternal age(<35 years),higher AFC(>12),AMH 1–4 ng/mL,and endometrial thickness≥10 mm were associated with more favorable pregnancy outcomes.In multivariate analysis,higher baseline LH(β=0.089;95%CI 0.017–0.162;P=0.02)and greater endometrial thickness(β=0.145;95%CI 0.011–0.278;P=0.04)independently predicted live birth,whereas age,AFC,AMH,and E2 did not.Conclusions:Maternal age,ovarian reserve markers,LH levels,and endometrial thickness collectively influence ART outcomes.Baseline LH and endometrial receptivity are key independent predictors of live birth and may guide individualized treatment strategies.展开更多
3,399.1 billion According to data released by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange(SAFE),China’s foreign exchange reserves stood at USD 3,399.1 billion at the end of January 2026,an increase of USD 41.2 billi...3,399.1 billion According to data released by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange(SAFE),China’s foreign exchange reserves stood at USD 3,399.1 billion at the end of January 2026,an increase of USD 41.2 billion from the previous month.展开更多
The study aimed at predicting potential suitable areas with national key reserve Orchidaceae plants in Heilongjiang province and conducive to plant protection.The distribution point data of six Orchidaceae plants and ...The study aimed at predicting potential suitable areas with national key reserve Orchidaceae plants in Heilongjiang province and conducive to plant protection.The distribution point data of six Orchidaceae plants and 19 bioclimatic variables were selected,and the environmental factors required for modeling were screened out by pearson correlation analysis and variance inflation factor(VIF)analysis.The potential suitable areas of Orchidaceae plants were predictat present and under different climate scenarios in 2090s by using geographic information system(GIS)and Maximum Entropy Model(MaxEnt).And then evaluated the prediction accuracy of the MaxEnt model using the AUC value,the TSS value and the Kappa value.The results showed that:1)The area under curve(AUC)values,true skill statistics(TSS)values and KAPPA values predicted by MaxEnt model were separately above 0.9,0.85 and 0.75.2)Under the climate scenario at present,the total suitable area of Orchidaceae plants was about 9.61×10^(6)km^(2),which was mainly distributed in Heilongjiang province.Among them,the high-suitable area of Cypripedium shanxiense S.C.Chen was the largest,the non-suitable area of Cypripedium guttatum Sw was the largest.3)Under different climate scenarios in 2090s,the total suitable area was slightly increasing(9.62×10^(6)km^(2)).Among them,Cypripedium shanxiense S.C.Chen and Gastrodiae Rhizoma both showed the trend of expansion to the southwest,China,and the suitable areas expanded significantly.Comprehensive factor analysis showed that temperature and precipitation were the main bioclimatic variables of suitable areas distribution,and the low emission scenario(SSP 2-4.5)will be more conducive to the survival of Orchidaceae plants.展开更多
Non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)are crucial for tree growth and survival under climatic stress,yet their spatial dynamics across broad climate gradients remain unclear.Pines(Pinus spp.),one of the most widely distri...Non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)are crucial for tree growth and survival under climatic stress,yet their spatial dynamics across broad climate gradients remain unclear.Pines(Pinus spp.),one of the most widely distributed tree genera worldwide,provide an ideal system for investigating large-scale spatial patterns of NSC within a single genus along extensive climatic gradients.Here,we compiled a global NSC database for pines across 74 sites,and assessed the spatial variation in total NSC,starch(St),and soluble sugars(SS)concentrations in stem sapwood,the primary reserve tissue,along site-specific mean annual temperature(MAT)and precipitation(MAP).Our results show that MAP exerted a stronger influence(R^(2)=20%–47%)on the spatial variation in total NSC and its components than did MAT(R^(2)=6%–16%).Tota concentrations declined nonlinearly with increasing MAP,with the rate of decline slowing beyond approximately 800 mm.While MAT had weaker effects on total NSC concentrations,both MAT and MAP jointly regulated NSC partitioning:Higher MAT and MAP were associated with reduced St concentrations but elevated SS concentrations and SS:St ratios.These findings suggest that pine species in cold and arid environments prioritize storing NSC as St,whereas in relatively warm and humid environments,NSC are preferentially mobilized into SS to support immediate metabolic and growth demands.展开更多
CHINA.Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve.Located in Zhaoqing,Guangdong Province,Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve is a pristine natural sanctuary spanning 1,133 hectares within the low mountain ranges of th...CHINA.Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve.Located in Zhaoqing,Guangdong Province,Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve is a pristine natural sanctuary spanning 1,133 hectares within the low mountain ranges of the Dayunwu Mountains.展开更多
In a pivotal moment for global conservation policy,UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere(MAB)Programme has endorsed the Hangzhou Strategic Action Plan(HSAP)2026–2035(UNESCO,2025),a decade-long roadmap that positions the Wo...In a pivotal moment for global conservation policy,UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere(MAB)Programme has endorsed the Hangzhou Strategic Action Plan(HSAP)2026–2035(UNESCO,2025),a decade-long roadmap that positions the World Network of Biosphere Reserves(WNBR)as central actors in delivering biodiversity,climate and sustainable-development goals(SDGs).The plan—developed and opened for global consultation in the runup to the 5th World Congress of Biosphere Reserves—articulates strategic directions,measurable action targets and practical instruments to strengthen biosphere reserves as living laboratories for people and nature(Ma,2025).展开更多
Dear Editor,Understanding patterns of species diversity is a primary research focus in macroecology,with its distribution patterns having been described and theoretically validated on a global scale(Peters et al.,2016...Dear Editor,Understanding patterns of species diversity is a primary research focus in macroecology,with its distribution patterns having been described and theoretically validated on a global scale(Peters et al.,2016;Sonne et al.,2025).Numerous studies have found that species richness of different taxa tends to decrease with increasing elevation and is modulated by latitudinal gradients(Peters et al.,2016;Dolson et al.,2024).This principle provides a crucial scientific basis for regional conservation planning.However,it still exhibits significant variations across different mountain ranges and taxa.展开更多
Altun Mountains National Nature Reserve Established in 1983,the Altun Mountains National Nature Reserve is located in the eastern Kunlun Mountains,within Ruoqiang County of the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture ...Altun Mountains National Nature Reserve Established in 1983,the Altun Mountains National Nature Reserve is located in the eastern Kunlun Mountains,within Ruoqiang County of the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Covering a vast area of 45,000 square km,it stands as one of China’s largest and most pristine protected areas.With an average elevation of 4,580 metres,it represents a quintessential plateau desert ecosystem.展开更多
A study was conducted to investigate the land-use pattern change over a period of 18 years （1988-2006） by using remote sens- ing and Geographical Information System （GIS） technologies, in the West Bhanugach Reserv...A study was conducted to investigate the land-use pattern change over a period of 18 years （1988-2006） by using remote sens- ing and Geographical Information System （GIS） technologies, in the West Bhanugach Reserved Forest, a hill forest, in Sylhet Forest Divi- sion of Bangladesh, The images were processed using ERDAS Imagine software. Both supervised and unsupervised approaches were ap- plied and ground control points were collected using a GPS. Maps were prepared using GIS software. Results showed that vegetation cover drastically decreased from the year 1988 to 1996 （l 826 ha to l 714.85 ha）, but increased gradually from the year 1996 to 2006 （l 714.85 ha to l 847.83 ha） due to the initiation of co-management practice involving local communities. Change in bare land was inversely proportionate to the amount of vegetation cover changes unless any other land-uses were converted into bare land. The area of water bodies increased from the year 1988 to 1996 （307.67 ha to 379.53 ha）, but decreased from the year 1996 to 1997, then remained invariabile from the year 1997 to 2006. Some recommendations were also made for applying the RS and GIS techniques to study the land-use pattern change in the Bhanugach Reserved Forest and to create a GIS data base for the study area.展开更多
BACKGROUND The neuroendoscopic approach has the advantages of a clear operative field,convenient tumor removal,and less damage,and is the development direction of modern neurosurgery.At present,transnasal surgery for ...BACKGROUND The neuroendoscopic approach has the advantages of a clear operative field,convenient tumor removal,and less damage,and is the development direction of modern neurosurgery.At present,transnasal surgery for sphenoidal pituitary tumor is widely used.But it has been found in clinical practice that some patients with this type of surgery may experience post-operative nausea and vomiting and other discomforts.AIM To explore the effect of reserved gastric tube application in the neuroendoscopic endonasal resection of pituitary tumors.METHODS A total of 60 patients who underwent pituitary adenoma resection via the endoscopic endonasal approach were selected and randomly divided into the experimental and control groups,with 30 in each group.Experimental group:After anesthesia,a gastric tube was placed through the mouth under direct vision using a visual laryngoscope,and the fluid accumulated in the oropharynx was suctioned intermittently with low negative pressure throughout the whole process after nasal disinfection,during the operation,and when the patient recovered from anesthesia.Control group:Given the routine intraoperative care,no gastric tube was left.The number of cases of nausea/vomiting/aspiration within 24 h post-operation was counted and compared between the two groups;the scores of pharyngalgia after waking up,6 h post-operation,and 24 h postoperation.The frequency of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and intracranial infection were compared.The hospitalization days of the two groups were statistically compared.RESULTS The times of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the experimental group were lower than that in the control group,and the difference in the incidence of nausea was statistically significant(P<0.05).After the patient woke up,the scores of sore throat 6 h after the operation and 24 h after operation were lower than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The number of cases of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and intracranial infection was higher than that of the control group,but there was no statistically significant difference from the control group(P>0.05).The hospitalization days of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Reserving a gastric tube in the endoscopic endonasal resection of pituitary tumors,combined with intraoperative and postoperative gastrointestinal decompression,can effectively reduce the incidence of nausea,reduce the number of vomiting and aspiration in patients,and reduce the complications of sore throat The incidence rate shortened the hospitalization days of the patients.展开更多
This essay mainly discusses the attitude that modern ladies should preserve towards love since people treat love and divorce as less seriously as before.It reveals the idea that to be reserved in front of love should ...This essay mainly discusses the attitude that modern ladies should preserve towards love since people treat love and divorce as less seriously as before.It reveals the idea that to be reserved in front of love should be considered by nowadays people according to analyzing the characteristic of the female image,Jane Bennet,in Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice.展开更多
In recent years, debates on the alarming rate of forest depletion emanating from growth in urban settlement and changed urban land-use patterns have gained prominence across the globe. The present study adopts a deman...In recent years, debates on the alarming rate of forest depletion emanating from growth in urban settlement and changed urban land-use patterns have gained prominence across the globe. The present study adopts a demandside management approach to investigate household’s willingness-to-pay for the restoration and maintenance of protected forest reserves in three municipalities in Ghana. Using survey data of 733 households from the Greater Accra Region of Ghana, we model the demand for forest restoration and maintenance, respectively, by means of the contingent valuation technique. As part of the findings, the study shows evidence that a household is willing to pay Gh￠50.99($8.67) and Gh￠31.12($5.29) per annum to restore and maintain the protected forests,respectively. These amounts constitute less than one percent of the average household income per month.Consequently, critical validity tests are conducted to validate the robustness of the results. This study provides willingness-to-pay estimates for forest and forest resources, and its associated determinants. These estimates seek to bridge the information gap and inform policy decisions toward the overarching aim of ensuring sustainable forest management in Ghana.展开更多
Numerous engineering cases have demonstrated that the expansive soil channel slope remains susceptible to damage with the implementation of a rigid or closed protective structure. It is common for the protective struc...Numerous engineering cases have demonstrated that the expansive soil channel slope remains susceptible to damage with the implementation of a rigid or closed protective structure. It is common for the protective structure to experience bulging failure due to excessive swelling pressure. To investigate the swelling pressure properties of expansive soil, the constant volume test was employed to study the influence of water content and reserved expansion deformation on the characteristics of swelling pressure in strong expansive soils, and also to explore the evolution mechanism of the swelling pressure. The findings demonstrate that the swelling pressure-time curve can be classified into swelling pressure-time softening and swelling pressure-time stability type. The swelling pressuretime curve of the specimen with low water content is the swelling pressure-time softening type, and the softening level will be weakened with increasing reserved expansion deformation. Besides, the maximum swelling pressure Psmax decreases with increasing water content and reserved expansion deformation, especially for expansion ratio η from 24% to 37%. The reserved deformation has little effect on reducing Psmax when it is beyond 7% of the expansion rate. The specimen with low water content has a more homogeneous structure due to the significant expansion-filling effect, and the fracture and reorganization of the aggregates in the specimens with low water content cause the swelling pressure-time softening behavior. In addition, the proposed swelling pressure-time curve prediction model has a good prediction on the test results. If necessary, a deformation space of about 7% expansion rate is recommended to be reserved in the engineering to reduce the swelling pressure except for keeping a stable water content.展开更多
文摘The concept of the brain cognitive reserve is derived from the well-acknowledged notion that the degree of brain damage does not always match the severity of clinical symptoms and neurological/cognitive outcomes.It has been suggested that the size of the brain(brain reserve) and the extent of neural connections acquired through life(neural reserve) set a threshold beyond which noticeable impairments occur.In contrast,cognitive reserve refers to the brain's ability to adapt and reo rganize stru cturally and functionally to resist damage and maintain function,including neural reserve and brain maintenance,resilience,and compensation(Verkhratsky and Zorec,2024).
文摘Located in southern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,northwest China,the Liupan Mountain National Nature Reserve covers a total area of 26,783.64 hectares.Established in 1982 and upgraded to national status in 1988,it protects a vital temperate mountainous forest ecosystem on the Loess Plateau.The reserve is centred around the Liupan Mountain range,one of China’s youngest mountain chains,formed by Himalayan tectonic movements.
文摘Background There is still limited data on predictive value of coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)–derived fractional flow reserve(CT-FFR) for long term outcomes. We examined the long-term prognostic value of CT-FFR combined with CCTA–defined atherosclerotic extent in diabetic patients with coronary artery disease(CAD).Methods A retrospective pooled analysis of individual patient data was performed. Deep-learning-based vessel-specific CTFFR was calculated. All patients enrolled were followed-up for at least 5 years. Predictive abilities for major adverse cardiac events(MACE) were compared among three models(model 1), constructed using clinical variables;model 2, model 1+CCTA–derived atherosclerotic extent(Leiden risk score);and model 3, model 2+CT-FFR.Results A total of 480 diabetic patients [median age, 61(55–66) years;52.9% men] were included. During a median follow-up time of 2197(2126–2355) days, 55 patients(11.5%) experienced MACE. In multivariate-adjusted Cox models, Leiden risk score(HR: 1.06;95% CI: 1.01–1.11;P = 0.013) and CT-FFR ≤ 0.80(HR: 6.54;95% CI: 3.18–13.45;P < 0.001) were the independent predictors. The discriminant ability was higher in model 2 than in model 1(C-index, 0.75 vs. 0.63;P < 0.001) and was further promoted by adding CT-FFR to model 3(C-index, 0.81 vs. 0.75;P = 0.002). Net reclassification improvement(NRI) was 0.19(P = 0.009) for model 2 beyond model 1. Of note, adding CT-FFR to model 3 also exhibited significantly improved reclassification compared with model 2(NRI = 0.14;P = 0.011).Conclusion In diabetic patients with CAD, CT-FFR provides robust and incremental prognostic information for predicting longterm outcomes. The combined model exhibits improved prediction abilities, which is beneficial for risk stratification.
文摘CHINA Wuliangshan National Nature Reserve Spanning a significant altitudinal range from 1,600 to 3,371 metres and encompassing a total area of 31,585 hectares,the Wuliangshan National Nature Reserve protects one of the most intact and pristine forest ecosystems in southern Yunnan Province.
文摘Elk are seen at the Tian’ezhou National Nature Reserve for Elk in Shishou,Hubei Province,on 27 November 2025.The reserve’s elk population has risen from just 64 in the 1990s to more than 4,500 today.
基金project titled“Research on the Distribution Trend of Suitable Habitats for Terrestrial Wild Animals”(Number:SXBYKY2021029).
文摘Ungulates serve as key components in maintaining ecosystem stability,and their ecological functions are closely linked to the integrity of giant panda habitats within Wanglang National Nature Reserve.Assessment of ungulate habitat suitability in this reserve can provide critical insights into the distribution patterns of ungulate communities across protected areas while informing conservation strategy optimization.Therefore,six ungulate species were monitored,including Tufted deer(Elaphodus cephalophus),Chinese serow(Capricornis milneedwardsii),Chinese goral(Naemorhedus griseus),Sichuan takin(Budorcas taxicolor),Reeve's muntjac(Muntiacus reevesi),and Wild boar(Sus scrofa)in Wanglang National Nature Reserve.The infrared camera monitoring data(a total of 83 sites)and 23 environmental variables were collected from January 2011 to May 2019,the relative abundance index(RAI),independent samples t-test,and optimized MaxEnt model were employed to evaluate the habitat suitability of six ungulate species.Our findings were as follows:(1)there were significant differences in the annual RAI among the six ungulate species(P<0.01).(2)the suitable habitat area varied among species:Tufted deer occupied 9578 hm^(2)(31.08%of the total),Chinese serow 10,093 hm^(2)(32.75%);Chinese goral 9936 hm^(2)(32.24%);Sichuan takin 10,992 hm^(2)(35.67%);Reeve's muntjac 9542 hm^(2)(30.96%);and Wild boar 9642 hm^(2)(31.28%).(3)the spatial niche overlaps between each pair of the six ungulates were all relatively high(D=0.77-0.89).(4)the annual average temperature,precipitation during the coldest season,and vegetation were the key factors influencing habitat selection.These findings offer valuable references for the conservation of ungulates in natural reserve and are conducive to formulating more scientific and effective.
基金financially supported by the National Social Science Fund Key Projects of China(Grant No.23AZD086)。
文摘In recent years,the combined effects of seismic disturbances and extreme rainfall events have intensified water turbidity and sedimentation in several lakes within the Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve located within the Jiuzhaigou watershed in Southwest China.In July 2024,turbidity events were observed in multiple core lakes,with noticeable impacts on local ecological functions and landscape values.To quantitatively characterize lake physical changes and explore their driving mechanisms,this study developed an integrated“air-space-ground”lake morphological measurement framework that combines unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV),unmanned surface vehicles(USV),and satellite remote sensing to enable high-precision acquisition of lake bathymetry,relationships between water level and surface area,and storage capacity.Additionally,time-series analyses of fractional vegetation cover(FVC)and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)model were applied to characterize the patterns of change in vegetation cover and soil erosion intensity before and after seismic and extreme rainfall events.The results show that:(1)The physical morphology of the lakes has changed significantly compared with the field measurements conducted in 2004.The surface areas of the Arrow Bamboo Lake and the Rhinoceros Lake decreased by 15.2%~17.0%,and lake storage capacity decreased by 20%~33%.In Long Lake,the difference between the minimum and maximum daily water levels reached 13.21 m,and since 2021,the annual mean water level has exhibited a continuous decline at a rate of 1.46 m·a^(-1).(2)Based on the results of the FVC time series analysis,the two earthquake events resulted in decreases in vegetation cover by 19.14%and 13.19%,and these decreases were accompanied by enhanced soil erosion under heavy rainfall conditions.This process facilitated the transport of large amounts of terrestrial material into the lakes,thereby contributing to water turbidity and sediment accumulation.RUSLE-based estimates further indicate that the two earthquakes increased the peak mean soil erosion modulus by 7.61 t·ha^(-1)·a^(-1)and 4.10 t·ha^(-1)·a^(-1),respectively,relative to pre-earthquake conditions.Based on these findings,it is recommended to implement slope vegetation restoration on the upstream areas of the core lakes,strengthen slope protection in accident-prone locations,and monitor water-sediment dynamics during heavy rainfall periods,to mitigate sedimentation risks and enhance the stability of the scenic area's ecosystem.
文摘Objective:To identify predictors of pregnancy and live birth outcomes in assisted reproductive technology(ART)cycles based on patient characteristics,hormonal profile,and embryo transfer variables.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included 50 fresh in vitro fertilization(IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)cycles selected from ART participants at a single tertiary ART center.Controlled ovarian stimulation was performed using recombinant follicle stimulating hormone(rFSH),gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)antagonist,and menotropins;oocyte retrieval occurred 36 h after trigger and embryo transfer was performed on day 3 or 5.Outcomes(chemical pregnancy,ongoing pregnancy,abortion,live birth)were compared across groups stratified by maternal age,antral follicle count(AFC),anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH),baseline luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2)at trigger,and endometrial thickness.Multivariate regression was used to identify independent predictors of live birth.Results:A total of 124 ART patients were screened during the study period,of whom 50 participants meeting the eligibility criteria were included in the final analysis.The median age of the participants was 35.8 years[interquartile range(IQR)32.5–39.6].The median AFC was 8(IQR 4–14),AMH level was 1.4 ng/mL(IQR 0.7–2.9),and the median endometrial thickness at embryo transfer was 10.2 mm(IQR 9.0–11.3).Chemical,ongoing,abortion,and live birth rates were 62%,32%,12%,and 16%,respectively.Younger maternal age(<35 years),higher AFC(>12),AMH 1–4 ng/mL,and endometrial thickness≥10 mm were associated with more favorable pregnancy outcomes.In multivariate analysis,higher baseline LH(β=0.089;95%CI 0.017–0.162;P=0.02)and greater endometrial thickness(β=0.145;95%CI 0.011–0.278;P=0.04)independently predicted live birth,whereas age,AFC,AMH,and E2 did not.Conclusions:Maternal age,ovarian reserve markers,LH levels,and endometrial thickness collectively influence ART outcomes.Baseline LH and endometrial receptivity are key independent predictors of live birth and may guide individualized treatment strategies.
文摘3,399.1 billion According to data released by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange(SAFE),China’s foreign exchange reserves stood at USD 3,399.1 billion at the end of January 2026,an increase of USD 41.2 billion from the previous month.
基金funded by Project of Scientific Research Business Expenses of Provincial Scientific Research Institutes in Heilongjiang Province(No.CZKYF2023-1-B024)Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences Dean Fund Project(No.YZ2022ZR02)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2019FY100500)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2572023CT11).
文摘The study aimed at predicting potential suitable areas with national key reserve Orchidaceae plants in Heilongjiang province and conducive to plant protection.The distribution point data of six Orchidaceae plants and 19 bioclimatic variables were selected,and the environmental factors required for modeling were screened out by pearson correlation analysis and variance inflation factor(VIF)analysis.The potential suitable areas of Orchidaceae plants were predictat present and under different climate scenarios in 2090s by using geographic information system(GIS)and Maximum Entropy Model(MaxEnt).And then evaluated the prediction accuracy of the MaxEnt model using the AUC value,the TSS value and the Kappa value.The results showed that:1)The area under curve(AUC)values,true skill statistics(TSS)values and KAPPA values predicted by MaxEnt model were separately above 0.9,0.85 and 0.75.2)Under the climate scenario at present,the total suitable area of Orchidaceae plants was about 9.61×10^(6)km^(2),which was mainly distributed in Heilongjiang province.Among them,the high-suitable area of Cypripedium shanxiense S.C.Chen was the largest,the non-suitable area of Cypripedium guttatum Sw was the largest.3)Under different climate scenarios in 2090s,the total suitable area was slightly increasing(9.62×10^(6)km^(2)).Among them,Cypripedium shanxiense S.C.Chen and Gastrodiae Rhizoma both showed the trend of expansion to the southwest,China,and the suitable areas expanded significantly.Comprehensive factor analysis showed that temperature and precipitation were the main bioclimatic variables of suitable areas distribution,and the low emission scenario(SSP 2-4.5)will be more conducive to the survival of Orchidaceae plants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42430503 and 42271048)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation(No.D2025205003)the Science Foundation of Hebei Normal University(No.L2025B31)。
文摘Non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs)are crucial for tree growth and survival under climatic stress,yet their spatial dynamics across broad climate gradients remain unclear.Pines(Pinus spp.),one of the most widely distributed tree genera worldwide,provide an ideal system for investigating large-scale spatial patterns of NSC within a single genus along extensive climatic gradients.Here,we compiled a global NSC database for pines across 74 sites,and assessed the spatial variation in total NSC,starch(St),and soluble sugars(SS)concentrations in stem sapwood,the primary reserve tissue,along site-specific mean annual temperature(MAT)and precipitation(MAP).Our results show that MAP exerted a stronger influence(R^(2)=20%–47%)on the spatial variation in total NSC and its components than did MAT(R^(2)=6%–16%).Tota concentrations declined nonlinearly with increasing MAP,with the rate of decline slowing beyond approximately 800 mm.While MAT had weaker effects on total NSC concentrations,both MAT and MAP jointly regulated NSC partitioning:Higher MAT and MAP were associated with reduced St concentrations but elevated SS concentrations and SS:St ratios.These findings suggest that pine species in cold and arid environments prioritize storing NSC as St,whereas in relatively warm and humid environments,NSC are preferentially mobilized into SS to support immediate metabolic and growth demands.
文摘CHINA.Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve.Located in Zhaoqing,Guangdong Province,Dinghu Mountain National Nature Reserve is a pristine natural sanctuary spanning 1,133 hectares within the low mountain ranges of the Dayunwu Mountains.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,China(2022YFE0209400).
文摘In a pivotal moment for global conservation policy,UNESCO’s Man and the Biosphere(MAB)Programme has endorsed the Hangzhou Strategic Action Plan(HSAP)2026–2035(UNESCO,2025),a decade-long roadmap that positions the World Network of Biosphere Reserves(WNBR)as central actors in delivering biodiversity,climate and sustainable-development goals(SDGs).The plan—developed and opened for global consultation in the runup to the 5th World Congress of Biosphere Reserves—articulates strategic directions,measurable action targets and practical instruments to strengthen biosphere reserves as living laboratories for people and nature(Ma,2025).
基金supported by the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(Grant Nos.ZK[2022]540 and[2023]099)the Survey of Amphibian and Reptile Resources in Leigongshan Nature Reserve and Literature Publishing Services(P5226002023000019).
文摘Dear Editor,Understanding patterns of species diversity is a primary research focus in macroecology,with its distribution patterns having been described and theoretically validated on a global scale(Peters et al.,2016;Sonne et al.,2025).Numerous studies have found that species richness of different taxa tends to decrease with increasing elevation and is modulated by latitudinal gradients(Peters et al.,2016;Dolson et al.,2024).This principle provides a crucial scientific basis for regional conservation planning.However,it still exhibits significant variations across different mountain ranges and taxa.
文摘Altun Mountains National Nature Reserve Established in 1983,the Altun Mountains National Nature Reserve is located in the eastern Kunlun Mountains,within Ruoqiang County of the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Covering a vast area of 45,000 square km,it stands as one of China’s largest and most pristine protected areas.With an average elevation of 4,580 metres,it represents a quintessential plateau desert ecosystem.
文摘A study was conducted to investigate the land-use pattern change over a period of 18 years （1988-2006） by using remote sens- ing and Geographical Information System （GIS） technologies, in the West Bhanugach Reserved Forest, a hill forest, in Sylhet Forest Divi- sion of Bangladesh, The images were processed using ERDAS Imagine software. Both supervised and unsupervised approaches were ap- plied and ground control points were collected using a GPS. Maps were prepared using GIS software. Results showed that vegetation cover drastically decreased from the year 1988 to 1996 （l 826 ha to l 714.85 ha）, but increased gradually from the year 1996 to 2006 （l 714.85 ha to l 847.83 ha） due to the initiation of co-management practice involving local communities. Change in bare land was inversely proportionate to the amount of vegetation cover changes unless any other land-uses were converted into bare land. The area of water bodies increased from the year 1988 to 1996 （307.67 ha to 379.53 ha）, but decreased from the year 1996 to 1997, then remained invariabile from the year 1997 to 2006. Some recommendations were also made for applying the RS and GIS techniques to study the land-use pattern change in the Bhanugach Reserved Forest and to create a GIS data base for the study area.
基金Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project in Jiangsu Province,No.YB2015113the Science and Technology Program of Nantong Health Committee,No.MA2019003,No.MA2021017,No.MB2021026,and No.MB2021027+1 种基金Science and Technology Program of Nantong City,No.Key003,No.MS12015016 and No.JCZ2022040Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University,No.KD2021JYYJYB025,No.KD2022KYJJZD019,No.KD2022KYJJZD022,and No.2023ZC127.
文摘BACKGROUND The neuroendoscopic approach has the advantages of a clear operative field,convenient tumor removal,and less damage,and is the development direction of modern neurosurgery.At present,transnasal surgery for sphenoidal pituitary tumor is widely used.But it has been found in clinical practice that some patients with this type of surgery may experience post-operative nausea and vomiting and other discomforts.AIM To explore the effect of reserved gastric tube application in the neuroendoscopic endonasal resection of pituitary tumors.METHODS A total of 60 patients who underwent pituitary adenoma resection via the endoscopic endonasal approach were selected and randomly divided into the experimental and control groups,with 30 in each group.Experimental group:After anesthesia,a gastric tube was placed through the mouth under direct vision using a visual laryngoscope,and the fluid accumulated in the oropharynx was suctioned intermittently with low negative pressure throughout the whole process after nasal disinfection,during the operation,and when the patient recovered from anesthesia.Control group:Given the routine intraoperative care,no gastric tube was left.The number of cases of nausea/vomiting/aspiration within 24 h post-operation was counted and compared between the two groups;the scores of pharyngalgia after waking up,6 h post-operation,and 24 h postoperation.The frequency of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and intracranial infection were compared.The hospitalization days of the two groups were statistically compared.RESULTS The times of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the experimental group were lower than that in the control group,and the difference in the incidence of nausea was statistically significant(P<0.05).After the patient woke up,the scores of sore throat 6 h after the operation and 24 h after operation were lower than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The number of cases of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and intracranial infection was higher than that of the control group,but there was no statistically significant difference from the control group(P>0.05).The hospitalization days of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Reserving a gastric tube in the endoscopic endonasal resection of pituitary tumors,combined with intraoperative and postoperative gastrointestinal decompression,can effectively reduce the incidence of nausea,reduce the number of vomiting and aspiration in patients,and reduce the complications of sore throat The incidence rate shortened the hospitalization days of the patients.
文摘This essay mainly discusses the attitude that modern ladies should preserve towards love since people treat love and divorce as less seriously as before.It reveals the idea that to be reserved in front of love should be considered by nowadays people according to analyzing the characteristic of the female image,Jane Bennet,in Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice.
基金financial support from the Global Greengrants Fund,UK/Europe/USA(Grant Number:2018-2472).
文摘In recent years, debates on the alarming rate of forest depletion emanating from growth in urban settlement and changed urban land-use patterns have gained prominence across the globe. The present study adopts a demandside management approach to investigate household’s willingness-to-pay for the restoration and maintenance of protected forest reserves in three municipalities in Ghana. Using survey data of 733 households from the Greater Accra Region of Ghana, we model the demand for forest restoration and maintenance, respectively, by means of the contingent valuation technique. As part of the findings, the study shows evidence that a household is willing to pay Gh￠50.99($8.67) and Gh￠31.12($5.29) per annum to restore and maintain the protected forests,respectively. These amounts constitute less than one percent of the average household income per month.Consequently, critical validity tests are conducted to validate the robustness of the results. This study provides willingness-to-pay estimates for forest and forest resources, and its associated determinants. These estimates seek to bridge the information gap and inform policy decisions toward the overarching aim of ensuring sustainable forest management in Ghana.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2019YFC1509901)。
文摘Numerous engineering cases have demonstrated that the expansive soil channel slope remains susceptible to damage with the implementation of a rigid or closed protective structure. It is common for the protective structure to experience bulging failure due to excessive swelling pressure. To investigate the swelling pressure properties of expansive soil, the constant volume test was employed to study the influence of water content and reserved expansion deformation on the characteristics of swelling pressure in strong expansive soils, and also to explore the evolution mechanism of the swelling pressure. The findings demonstrate that the swelling pressure-time curve can be classified into swelling pressure-time softening and swelling pressure-time stability type. The swelling pressuretime curve of the specimen with low water content is the swelling pressure-time softening type, and the softening level will be weakened with increasing reserved expansion deformation. Besides, the maximum swelling pressure Psmax decreases with increasing water content and reserved expansion deformation, especially for expansion ratio η from 24% to 37%. The reserved deformation has little effect on reducing Psmax when it is beyond 7% of the expansion rate. The specimen with low water content has a more homogeneous structure due to the significant expansion-filling effect, and the fracture and reorganization of the aggregates in the specimens with low water content cause the swelling pressure-time softening behavior. In addition, the proposed swelling pressure-time curve prediction model has a good prediction on the test results. If necessary, a deformation space of about 7% expansion rate is recommended to be reserved in the engineering to reduce the swelling pressure except for keeping a stable water content.
