The excessive use of artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms has caused the problem of errors in AI algorithms,which has challenged the fairness of decision-making,and has intensified people’s inequality.Therefore,it i...The excessive use of artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms has caused the problem of errors in AI algorithms,which has challenged the fairness of decision-making,and has intensified people’s inequality.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct in-depth research and propose corresponding error detection and error elimination methods.This paper first proposes the root causes and threats of bias in AI algorithms,then summarizes the existing bias detection and error elimination methods,and proposes a bias processing framework in three-level dimensions of data,models,and conclusions,aiming to provide a framework for a comprehensive solution to errors in algorithms.At the same time,it also summarizes the problems and challenges in existing research and makes a prospect for future research trends.It is hoped that it will be helpful for us to build fairer AI.展开更多
Compared with the services in 3G, services in Beyond 3G (B3G) have some distinctive characteristics such as the packet data services being the majority, more service types, larger scale of services, higher peak transm...Compared with the services in 3G, services in Beyond 3G (B3G) have some distinctive characteristics such as the packet data services being the majority, more service types, larger scale of services, higher peak transmission rate, enlarged range of transmission rates, more spatial and temporal distribution differences, and more service transmission requests occurring in fast moving vehicles. In order to meet the requirements of B3G services, the B3G systems must have great improvement in network architecture, air interface scheme, radio resource allocation strategy, frequency bands, and Radio Frequency (RF) technology etc. Therefore, the research of the B3G systems should focus on the theory of generalized cellular communications networks, theory of the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) wireless transmission system, matching of radio resources to new-type air interfaces, new iterative detection and adaptive link methods, and new-type antenna and RF technologies.展开更多
In this paper, the author presents an overview of the development of CALL and understanding of CALL research in recent years; and then, indicates the trend of CALL research-AR and the research on AR-could be interpret...In this paper, the author presents an overview of the development of CALL and understanding of CALL research in recent years; and then, indicates the trend of CALL research-AR and the research on AR-could be interpreted as the research framework of CALL in China by introducing the four elements of AR-involvement, improvement, systematization and publicity.展开更多
The People＇s Republic of China （PRC） is a country that has great potential to international businesses. Her enormous market, resources, and labor power are important to other countries in this age of global economy...The People＇s Republic of China （PRC） is a country that has great potential to international businesses. Her enormous market, resources, and labor power are important to other countries in this age of global economy. Research studies on the PRC are valuable not only to policymakers in the PRC but also to a larger audience in the global business community. Accounting standards and practices are central to the economic order of any society. As accounting systems are not isolated from social and cultural systems, towards an understanding of social/cultural environments interacting with accounting systems in the PRC in turn facilitates the international investors to interpret financial information and to set strategies in doing businesses in the country. It is expected that the research results of this kind of projects will have implications to different aspects of financial disclosure of companies in the PRC. Being grounded in the current accounting literature, the proposed conceptual framework in this paper is to discern the interconnections between accounting systems and cul^ral factors in the PRC. It aims at contributing to the accounting body of knowledge and to provide practical insights for global managers.展开更多
Objective:This review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to equitable coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine distribution in Nigeria using the consolidated framework for implementation research(CFIR).M...Objective:This review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to equitable coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine distribution in Nigeria using the consolidated framework for implementation research(CFIR).Methods:A comprehensive search strategy was applied across five databases—Web of Science,MEDLINE,EMBASE,CAB Direct,and CINAHL.The search,conducted as part of a scoping review,yielded 2,751 citations.Seven studies met the inclusion criteria after screening.Data were extracted and analyzed using CFIR constructs to identify key barriers and facilitators to equitable vaccine distribution.Results:Six barriers were identified:limited physical and socioeconomic access,bribery,nepotism,and insufficient availability of translated information.Facilitators included community involvement as local monitoring agents,unannounced staff inspections,healthcare worker training tailored to community needs,and localized outreach strategies such as jingles and call-in programs.CFIR constructs,including Local Conditions,Tailoring Strategies,Available Resources,and Physical Infrastructure,provided a framework for analyzing the findings.Conclusion:This review highlights significant barriers and promising facilitators to equitable vaccine distribution in Nigeria.Targeted interventions,such as community engagement,anti-corruption measures,and culturally tailored strategies,are critical to addressing these challenges and improving access.These findings underscore the need for localized,equity-focused approaches to enhance vaccine distribution systems in Nigeria and other low-resource settings.展开更多
Google Gemini 1.5 Flash scores were compared with ChatGPT 4o-mini on evaluations of(a)51 of the author’s journal articles and(b)up to 200 articles in each of 34 field-based Units of Assessment(UoAs)from the UK Resear...Google Gemini 1.5 Flash scores were compared with ChatGPT 4o-mini on evaluations of(a)51 of the author’s journal articles and(b)up to 200 articles in each of 34 field-based Units of Assessment(UoAs)from the UK Research Excellence Framework(REF)2021.From(a),the results suggest that Gemini 1.5 Flash,unlike ChatGPT 4o-mini,may work better when fed with a PDF or article full text,rather than just the title and abstract.From(b),Gemini 1.5 Flash seems to be marginally less able to predict an article’s research quality(using a departmental quality proxy indicator)than ChatGPT 4o-mini,although the differences are small,and both have similar disciplinary variations in this ability.Averaging multiple runs of Gemini 1.5 Flash improves the scores.展开更多
We proposes an AI-assisted framework for integrated natural disaster prevention and emergency response,leveraging the DeepSeek large language model(LLM)to advance intelligent decision-making in geohazard management.We...We proposes an AI-assisted framework for integrated natural disaster prevention and emergency response,leveraging the DeepSeek large language model(LLM)to advance intelligent decision-making in geohazard management.We systematically analyze the technical pathways for deploying LLMs in disaster scenarios,emphasizing three breakthrough directions:(1)knowledge graph-driven dynamic risk modeling,(2)reinforcement learning-optimized emergency decision systems,and(3)secure local deployment architectures.The DeepSeek model demonstrates unique advantages through its hybrid reasoning mechanism combining semantic analysis with geospatial pattern recognition,enabling cost-effective processing of multi-source data spanning historical disaster records,real-time IoT sensor feeds,and socio-environmental parameters.A modular system architecture is designed to achieve three critical objectives:(a)automated construction of domain-specific knowledge graphs through unsupervised learning of disaster physics relationships,(b)scenario-adaptive resource allocation using risk simulations,and(c)preserving emergency coordination via federated learning across distributed response nodes.The proposed local deployment paradigm addresses critical data security concerns in cross-border disaster management while complying with the FAIR principles(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable)for geoscientific data governance.This work establishes a methodological foundation for next-generation AI-earth science convergence in disaster mitigation.展开更多
With the environmental deterioration caused by the advance of climate change, soil salinization is a serious and growing global problem. Currently about 7% of the world＇s land surface is threatened by salinization. C...With the environmental deterioration caused by the advance of climate change, soil salinization is a serious and growing global problem. Currently about 7% of the world＇s land surface is threatened by salinization. China is a country whose soils are severely affected by this problem, which, due to its extensive area, and wide distribution poses a serious threat to regional agricultural development. In this review, we summarize the framework for soil salinization research in China over the past 70 years, assess the weaknesses of existing research in both a domestic and international context, highlight the trends and key findings of global research about saline soils over the past 30 years, and propose six major fields and directions for future research on saline soil.展开更多
目的分析整合式慢性病社区健康管理模式实施的促进和障碍因素,区分模式服务量高覆盖率组和低覆盖率组在实施性研究的整合性理论框架(consolidated framework for implementation research,CFIR)上的结构差异,为政府部门提供政策建议。...目的分析整合式慢性病社区健康管理模式实施的促进和障碍因素,区分模式服务量高覆盖率组和低覆盖率组在实施性研究的整合性理论框架(consolidated framework for implementation research,CFIR)上的结构差异,为政府部门提供政策建议。方法结合CFIR对22名专家进行半结构化访谈,采用定性结构评级法对13家社区卫生服务中心受访者评分,利用NVivo 12软件编码。结果高覆盖率组和低覆盖率组的相对优势、外部政策与激励、实施准备度、反思和评价、领导个人特质5个CFIR结构有差异。促进因素包括:测量数据更加精准,提高了高血压和糖尿病患者的异常检出率和控制率;模式实现了服务、技术、数据“三整合”,优化管理流程,提供管理抓手;基础性和个性化服务结合吸引患者到基层就诊;模式与我国政策背景,初级卫生保健工作和以患者为中心理念兼容;数字化工具的应用减轻医护人员工作负担;领导重视是基础,利益方间的通力合作是重要保障。障碍因素包括:宏观层面缺少卫生行政机构的支持性政策,组织架构和运行机制尚未建立,建设、投入主体以及具体工作规范和流程有待明确;缺乏监督管理机制和质量评估小组;模式推广目标模糊;缺乏规范化系统性的培训计划;为不同群体提供服务存在挑战,缺乏有效的社会面宣传;模式仍须提高需方获得感;社区布局限制了模式的服务提供。结论卫生行政部门应明确模式的建设、运行、投入主体,完善组织架构并明确各利益方的功能定位和职责分工,进一步制定工作规范和工作流程;建立信息反馈机制和质量控制小组并进行定期评估;制定清晰的目标;加大宣传教育,扩大宣传面;利用数字化工具形成良性医患互动机制。展开更多
Purpose:Assess whether ChatGPT 4.0 is accurate enough to perform research evaluations on journal articles to automate this time-consuming task.Design/methodology/approach:Test the extent to which ChatGPT-4 can assess ...Purpose:Assess whether ChatGPT 4.0 is accurate enough to perform research evaluations on journal articles to automate this time-consuming task.Design/methodology/approach:Test the extent to which ChatGPT-4 can assess the quality of journal articles using a case study of the published scoring guidelines of the UK Research Excellence Framework(REF)2021 to create a research evaluation ChatGPT.This was applied to 51 of my own articles and compared against my own quality judgements.Findings:ChatGPT-4 can produce plausible document summaries and quality evaluation rationales that match the REF criteria.Its overall scores have weak correlations with my self-evaluation scores of the same documents(averaging r=0.281 over 15 iterations,with 8 being statistically significantly different from 0).In contrast,the average scores from the 15 iterations produced a statistically significant positive correlation of 0.509.Thus,averaging scores from multiple ChatGPT-4 rounds seems more effective than individual scores.The positive correlation may be due to ChatGPT being able to extract the author’s significance,rigour,and originality claims from inside each paper.If my weakest articles are removed,then the correlation with average scores(r=0.200)falls below statistical significance,suggesting that ChatGPT struggles to make fine-grained evaluations.Research limitations:The data is self-evaluations of a convenience sample of articles from one academic in one field.Practical implications:Overall,ChatGPT does not yet seem to be accurate enough to be trusted for any formal or informal research quality evaluation tasks.Research evaluators,including journal editors,should therefore take steps to control its use.Originality/value:This is the first published attempt at post-publication expert review accuracy testing for ChatGPT.展开更多
Education quality has undoubtedly become an important local and international benchmark for education,and an institute’s ranking is assessed based on the quality of education,research projects,theses,and dissertation...Education quality has undoubtedly become an important local and international benchmark for education,and an institute’s ranking is assessed based on the quality of education,research projects,theses,and dissertations,which has always been controversial.Hence,this research paper is influenced by the institutes ranking all over the world.The data of institutes are obtained through Google Scholar(GS),as input to investigate the United Kingdom’s Research Excellence Framework(UK-REF)process.For this purpose,the current research used a Bespoke Program to evaluate the institutes’ranking based on their source.The bespoke program requires changes to improve the results by addressing these methodological issues:Firstly,Redundant profiles,which increased their citation and rank to produce false results.Secondly,the exclusion of theses and dissertation documents to retrieve the actual publications to count for citations.Thirdly,the elimination of falsely owned articles from scholars’profiles.To accomplish this task,the experimental design referred to collecting data from 120 UK-REF institutes and GS for the present year to enhance its correlation analysis in this new evaluation.The data extracted from GS is processed into structured data,and afterward,it is utilized to generate statistical computations of citations’analysis that contribute to the ranking based on their citations.The research promoted the predictive approach of correlational research.Furthermore,experimental evaluation reported encouraging results in comparison to the previous modi-fication made by the proposed taxonomy.This paper discussed the limitations of the current evaluation and suggested the potential paths to improve the research impact algorithm.展开更多
Objective:To involve stakeholders in Jiangsu Province,China,to identify barriers for nonspecialist-delivered perinatal depression(PND)management to guide management in maternity and child health care institutions.Meth...Objective:To involve stakeholders in Jiangsu Province,China,to identify barriers for nonspecialist-delivered perinatal depression(PND)management to guide management in maternity and child health care institutions.Methods:In this qualitative study,semi-structured face-to-face individual interviews were used,guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research(CFIR).Thematic analysis was done to categorize data using the CFIR framework's domains.Results:There were a total of 20 interviewees.Barriers coded under the CFIR framework included:needs and resources of those served by the organization,cosmopolitanism,available resources,structural characteristics,access to knowledge and information,and knowledge and beliefs.Conclusions:Implementing nonspecialist-delivered PND management poses varying obstacles in different situations.Overcoming these barriers can be accomplished by simplifying interventions based on local conditions,changing women's and families'attitudes and help-seeking behaviors toward PND,establishing linkages with psychiatry,strengthening policymakers'capacity and improving mental health care systems,developing detailed intervention manuals,enhancing clinicians'mental health literacy,and improving the operation of psychologically appropriate approaches to build self-efficacy.展开更多
In this article,we recall the United Nations’30-year journey in disaster risk reduction strategy and framework,review the latest progress and key scientific and technological questions related to the United Nations d...In this article,we recall the United Nations’30-year journey in disaster risk reduction strategy and framework,review the latest progress and key scientific and technological questions related to the United Nations disaster risk reduction initiatives,and summarize the framework and contents of disaster risk science research.The object of disaster risk science research is the"disaster system"consisting of hazard,the geographical environment,and exposed units,with features of regionality,interconnectedness,coupling,and complexity.Environmental stability,hazard threat,and socioeconomic vulnerability together determine the way that disasters are formed,establish the spatial extent of disaster impact,and generate the scale of losses.In the formation of a disaster,a conducive environment is the prerequisite,a hazard is the necessary condition,and socioeconomic exposure is the sufficient condition.The geographical environment affects local hazard intensity and therefore can change the pattern of loss distribution.Regional multi-hazard,disaster chain,and disaster compound could induce complex impacts,amplifying or attenuating hazard intensity and changing the scope of affected areas.In the light of research progress,particularly in the context of China,we propose a threelayer disaster risk science disciplinary structure,which contains three pillars(disaster science,disaster technology,and disaster governance),nine core areas,and 27 research fields.Based on these elements,we discuss the frontiers in disaster risk science research.展开更多
The fragility of ecosystem health has become a key factor hindering the sustainable development of the ecological environment. Through a review of published research from domestic and foreign scholars, starting from t...The fragility of ecosystem health has become a key factor hindering the sustainable development of the ecological environment. Through a review of published research from domestic and foreign scholars, starting from the endogenous logic of studies in the field of ecosystem vulnerability(EV), this paper sorts out the literature on the aspects of measurement models, prediction methods and risk assessment, comprehensively defines the research category and scientific framework of EV, and analyzes the research ideas and development trends. We arrived at the following conclusions: 1) The connotation of ecosystem vulnerability not only embodies the change in the vulnerability of the natural environment, but it also reflects the irreversible damage to the ecosystem caused by excessive development and industrial production activities. 2) The setting of ecosystem vulnerability indices should aim to fully reflect the essential features of that vulnerability, which should include the index systems of natural, social, economic and other related factors. 3) There are many types of ecosystem vulnerability measurement methods, prediction models and risk evaluation models, which have different focuses and advantages. The most appropriate method should be adopted for conducting comprehensive and systematic evaluation, prediction and estimation according to the different representation and evolution mechanisms of the chosen research object and regional ecosystem vulnerability. 4) Based on the regional system characteristics, corresponding risk management measures should be proposed, and pertinent policy suggestions should be put forward to improve the ecological safety and sustainable development of an ecologically vulnerable area.展开更多
With the development of the electronic commerce, the electronic word-of-mouth(e WOM)has become important reference information for consumer shopping. EWOM has attracted considerable interest from researchers in the pa...With the development of the electronic commerce, the electronic word-of-mouth(e WOM)has become important reference information for consumer shopping. EWOM has attracted considerable interest from researchers in the past decade. In this paper, a research review is conducted and an integrated framework is proposed on the effect of e WOM. The effect of e WOM are influenced by its characteristics, communicators, and other factors. The characteristics of e WOM include the source,the volume and the valence. The communicators of e WOM refer to the sender, the receiver and the relationship between them. In addition, dispersion and consistency, persistence and observability,anonymity and deception, and community engagement are related factors for the effect of e WOM.展开更多
With accelerating environmental change,technological development,and socio-economic globalisation,the potential for biosafety crises in many countries has intensified,and the sources of harm have become more extensive...With accelerating environmental change,technological development,and socio-economic globalisation,the potential for biosafety crises in many countries has intensified,and the sources of harm have become more extensive.Using a visual literature analysis tool,we analysed biosafety strategy knowledge maps of individual authors,institutions,and keywords in literature published between 2009 and 2019.Our results reflected the research hotspots,frontiers,and future trends in this field and demonstrated the necessity and urgency of strengthening biosafety strategy research.Our results showed,first,that biosafety strategy research groups are tightly concentrated and widely dispersed,and already possess a group of key research representatives;second,although cooperation among countries is relatively close,the nodal research institutions in this field are relatively scattered and cooperation among them is not strong;and third,“biosecurity”,“infection”,“biosafety”,and“strategy”,among others,are highfrequency keywords used by many recent academic publications,while“tuberculosis”,“biological invasion”,and“nanoparticle”are keywords denoting the frontiers of research activity.In view of these,China should focus on accelerating the introduction of biosafety laws and regulations at the national level in the following years;increasing biosafety supervision;improving biological hazard response systems;strengthening cooperation and innovation among research institutions;improving scientific research review mechanisms;and strengthening biotechnology risk assessment research.展开更多
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of death worldwide, and Chinese TB burden ranked the second globally. Chinese primary healthcare (PHC) sectors implement the TB Control Program (TCP) to improve active cas...Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of death worldwide, and Chinese TB burden ranked the second globally. Chinese primary healthcare (PHC) sectors implement the TB Control Program (TCP) to improve active case finding, referral, treatment adherence, and health education. This study aimed to identify barriers and enablers of TCP implementation in high TB burden regions of West China.Methods We conducted a representative study using mixed-methods in 28 counties or districts in Chongqing Municipality and Guizhou Province of West China from October 2021 to May 2022. Questionnaire surveys and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 2720 TB healthcare workers (HCWs) and 20 interviewees in PHC sectors. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to investigate TB HCWs’ characteristics, and path analysis model was utilized to analyze the impact of associated factors on TCP implementation. Thematic framework analysis was developed with the guide of the adapted Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) on factors of TCP implementation.Results This study found that 84.6% and 94.1% of community and village HCWs had low professional titles. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis and correlation analysis, lower TB core knowledge scores (-0.09) were identified as barriers for TCP implementation in community PHC sectors, and low working satisfaction (-0.17) and low working willingness (-0.10) are barriers for TPC implementation in village PHC sectors. The results of in-depth interviews reported barriers in all domains and enablers in four domains of CFIR. There were identified 19 CFIR constructs associated with TCP implementation, including 22 barriers such as HCWs’ heavy workload, and 12 enablers such as HCWs’ passion towards TCP planning.Conclusions With the guide of the CFIR framework, complex factors (barriers and enablers) of TCP implementation in PHC sectors of West China were explored, which provided important evidences to promote TB program in high TB burden regions. Further implementation studies to translate those factors into implementation strategies are urgent needed.展开更多
A recurring pattern of access to existing databases,data analyses,formulation of new hypotheses,use of an experimental design,institutional review board approvals,data collection,curation,and storage within trusted di...A recurring pattern of access to existing databases,data analyses,formulation of new hypotheses,use of an experimental design,institutional review board approvals,data collection,curation,and storage within trusted digital repositories is observable during clinical research work.The workflows that support the repeated nature of these activities can be ascribed as a Canonical Workflow Framework for Research(CWFR).Disease area clinical research is protocol specific,and during data collection,the electronic case report forms can use Common Data Elements(CDEs)that have precisely defined questions and are associated with the specified value(s)as responses.The CDE-based CWFR is integrated with a biomedical research informatics computing system,which consists of a complete stack of technical layers including the Protocol and Form Research Management System.The unique data dictionaries associated with the CWFR for Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinson's Disease resulted in the development of the Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinson's Disease Biomarker systems.Due to a canonical workflow,these two systems can use similar tools,applications,and service modules to create findable,accessible,interoperable,and reusable Digital Objects.The Digital Objects for Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinson's disease contain all relevant information needed from the time data is collected,validated,and maintained within a Storage Repository for future access.All Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinson's Disease studies can be shared as Research Objects that can be produced by aggregating related resources as information packages and is findable on the Internet by using unique identifiers.Overall,the integration of CWFR with an informatics system has resulted in the reuse of software applications for several National Institutes of Health-supported biomedical research programs.展开更多
InCanonicalWorkflowFramework forResearch(CWFR)"packages"arerelevantin twodifferentdirections.In data science,workflows are in general being executed on a set of files which have been aggregated for specific ...InCanonicalWorkflowFramework forResearch(CWFR)"packages"arerelevantin twodifferentdirections.In data science,workflows are in general being executed on a set of files which have been aggregated for specific purposes,such as for training a model in deep learning.We call this type of"package"a data collection and its aggregation and metadata description is motivated by research interests.The other type of"packages"relevant for CWFR are supposed to represent workflows in a self-describing and self-contained way for later execution.In this paper,we will review different packaging technologies and investigate their usability in the context of CWFR.For this purpose,we draw on an exemplary use case and show how packaging technologies can support its realization.We conclude that packaging technologies of different flavors help on providing inputs and outputs for workflow steps in a machine-readable way,as well as on representing a workflow and all its artifacts in a self-describing and self-contained way.展开更多
The investigation proposes the application of an ontological semantic approach to describing workflow control patterns,research workflow step patterns,and the meaning of the workflows in terms of domain knowledge.The ...The investigation proposes the application of an ontological semantic approach to describing workflow control patterns,research workflow step patterns,and the meaning of the workflows in terms of domain knowledge.The approach can provide wide opportunities for semantic refinement,reuse,and composition of workflows.Automatic reasoning allows verifying those compositions and implementations and provides machine-actionable workflow manipulation and problem-solving using workflows.The described approach can take into account the implementation of workflows in different workflow management systems,the organization of workflows collections in data infrastructures and the search for them,the semantic approach to the selection of workflows and resources in the research domain,the creation of research step patterns and their implementation reusing fragments of existing workflows,the possibility of automation of problemsolving based on the reuse of workflows.The application of the approach to CWFR conceptions is proposed.展开更多
文摘The excessive use of artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms has caused the problem of errors in AI algorithms,which has challenged the fairness of decision-making,and has intensified people’s inequality.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct in-depth research and propose corresponding error detection and error elimination methods.This paper first proposes the root causes and threats of bias in AI algorithms,then summarizes the existing bias detection and error elimination methods,and proposes a bias processing framework in three-level dimensions of data,models,and conclusions,aiming to provide a framework for a comprehensive solution to errors in algorithms.At the same time,it also summarizes the problems and challenges in existing research and makes a prospect for future research trends.It is hoped that it will be helpful for us to build fairer AI.
基金Program ofNational Nature Science Foundation of China(No. 60496311) Project of National "863"Plan ofChina (No. 2005AA121052)
文摘Compared with the services in 3G, services in Beyond 3G (B3G) have some distinctive characteristics such as the packet data services being the majority, more service types, larger scale of services, higher peak transmission rate, enlarged range of transmission rates, more spatial and temporal distribution differences, and more service transmission requests occurring in fast moving vehicles. In order to meet the requirements of B3G services, the B3G systems must have great improvement in network architecture, air interface scheme, radio resource allocation strategy, frequency bands, and Radio Frequency (RF) technology etc. Therefore, the research of the B3G systems should focus on the theory of generalized cellular communications networks, theory of the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) wireless transmission system, matching of radio resources to new-type air interfaces, new iterative detection and adaptive link methods, and new-type antenna and RF technologies.
文摘In this paper, the author presents an overview of the development of CALL and understanding of CALL research in recent years; and then, indicates the trend of CALL research-AR and the research on AR-could be interpreted as the research framework of CALL in China by introducing the four elements of AR-involvement, improvement, systematization and publicity.
文摘The People＇s Republic of China （PRC） is a country that has great potential to international businesses. Her enormous market, resources, and labor power are important to other countries in this age of global economy. Research studies on the PRC are valuable not only to policymakers in the PRC but also to a larger audience in the global business community. Accounting standards and practices are central to the economic order of any society. As accounting systems are not isolated from social and cultural systems, towards an understanding of social/cultural environments interacting with accounting systems in the PRC in turn facilitates the international investors to interpret financial information and to set strategies in doing businesses in the country. It is expected that the research results of this kind of projects will have implications to different aspects of financial disclosure of companies in the PRC. Being grounded in the current accounting literature, the proposed conceptual framework in this paper is to discern the interconnections between accounting systems and cul^ral factors in the PRC. It aims at contributing to the accounting body of knowledge and to provide practical insights for global managers.
文摘Objective:This review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to equitable coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccine distribution in Nigeria using the consolidated framework for implementation research(CFIR).Methods:A comprehensive search strategy was applied across five databases—Web of Science,MEDLINE,EMBASE,CAB Direct,and CINAHL.The search,conducted as part of a scoping review,yielded 2,751 citations.Seven studies met the inclusion criteria after screening.Data were extracted and analyzed using CFIR constructs to identify key barriers and facilitators to equitable vaccine distribution.Results:Six barriers were identified:limited physical and socioeconomic access,bribery,nepotism,and insufficient availability of translated information.Facilitators included community involvement as local monitoring agents,unannounced staff inspections,healthcare worker training tailored to community needs,and localized outreach strategies such as jingles and call-in programs.CFIR constructs,including Local Conditions,Tailoring Strategies,Available Resources,and Physical Infrastructure,provided a framework for analyzing the findings.Conclusion:This review highlights significant barriers and promising facilitators to equitable vaccine distribution in Nigeria.Targeted interventions,such as community engagement,anti-corruption measures,and culturally tailored strategies,are critical to addressing these challenges and improving access.These findings underscore the need for localized,equity-focused approaches to enhance vaccine distribution systems in Nigeria and other low-resource settings.
文摘Google Gemini 1.5 Flash scores were compared with ChatGPT 4o-mini on evaluations of(a)51 of the author’s journal articles and(b)up to 200 articles in each of 34 field-based Units of Assessment(UoAs)from the UK Research Excellence Framework(REF)2021.From(a),the results suggest that Gemini 1.5 Flash,unlike ChatGPT 4o-mini,may work better when fed with a PDF or article full text,rather than just the title and abstract.From(b),Gemini 1.5 Flash seems to be marginally less able to predict an article’s research quality(using a departmental quality proxy indicator)than ChatGPT 4o-mini,although the differences are small,and both have similar disciplinary variations in this ability.Averaging multiple runs of Gemini 1.5 Flash improves the scores.
基金funded by the Chongqing Water Resources Bureau,China(Project No.CQS24C00836).
文摘We proposes an AI-assisted framework for integrated natural disaster prevention and emergency response,leveraging the DeepSeek large language model(LLM)to advance intelligent decision-making in geohazard management.We systematically analyze the technical pathways for deploying LLMs in disaster scenarios,emphasizing three breakthrough directions:(1)knowledge graph-driven dynamic risk modeling,(2)reinforcement learning-optimized emergency decision systems,and(3)secure local deployment architectures.The DeepSeek model demonstrates unique advantages through its hybrid reasoning mechanism combining semantic analysis with geospatial pattern recognition,enabling cost-effective processing of multi-source data spanning historical disaster records,real-time IoT sensor feeds,and socio-environmental parameters.A modular system architecture is designed to achieve three critical objectives:(a)automated construction of domain-specific knowledge graphs through unsupervised learning of disaster physics relationships,(b)scenario-adaptive resource allocation using risk simulations,and(c)preserving emergency coordination via federated learning across distributed response nodes.The proposed local deployment paradigm addresses critical data security concerns in cross-border disaster management while complying with the FAIR principles(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable)for geoscientific data governance.This work establishes a methodological foundation for next-generation AI-earth science convergence in disaster mitigation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation, No.40871255 The Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Nanjing University, No.2012CL14
文摘With the environmental deterioration caused by the advance of climate change, soil salinization is a serious and growing global problem. Currently about 7% of the world＇s land surface is threatened by salinization. China is a country whose soils are severely affected by this problem, which, due to its extensive area, and wide distribution poses a serious threat to regional agricultural development. In this review, we summarize the framework for soil salinization research in China over the past 70 years, assess the weaknesses of existing research in both a domestic and international context, highlight the trends and key findings of global research about saline soils over the past 30 years, and propose six major fields and directions for future research on saline soil.
文摘Purpose:Assess whether ChatGPT 4.0 is accurate enough to perform research evaluations on journal articles to automate this time-consuming task.Design/methodology/approach:Test the extent to which ChatGPT-4 can assess the quality of journal articles using a case study of the published scoring guidelines of the UK Research Excellence Framework(REF)2021 to create a research evaluation ChatGPT.This was applied to 51 of my own articles and compared against my own quality judgements.Findings:ChatGPT-4 can produce plausible document summaries and quality evaluation rationales that match the REF criteria.Its overall scores have weak correlations with my self-evaluation scores of the same documents(averaging r=0.281 over 15 iterations,with 8 being statistically significantly different from 0).In contrast,the average scores from the 15 iterations produced a statistically significant positive correlation of 0.509.Thus,averaging scores from multiple ChatGPT-4 rounds seems more effective than individual scores.The positive correlation may be due to ChatGPT being able to extract the author’s significance,rigour,and originality claims from inside each paper.If my weakest articles are removed,then the correlation with average scores(r=0.200)falls below statistical significance,suggesting that ChatGPT struggles to make fine-grained evaluations.Research limitations:The data is self-evaluations of a convenience sample of articles from one academic in one field.Practical implications:Overall,ChatGPT does not yet seem to be accurate enough to be trusted for any formal or informal research quality evaluation tasks.Research evaluators,including journal editors,should therefore take steps to control its use.Originality/value:This is the first published attempt at post-publication expert review accuracy testing for ChatGPT.
文摘Education quality has undoubtedly become an important local and international benchmark for education,and an institute’s ranking is assessed based on the quality of education,research projects,theses,and dissertations,which has always been controversial.Hence,this research paper is influenced by the institutes ranking all over the world.The data of institutes are obtained through Google Scholar(GS),as input to investigate the United Kingdom’s Research Excellence Framework(UK-REF)process.For this purpose,the current research used a Bespoke Program to evaluate the institutes’ranking based on their source.The bespoke program requires changes to improve the results by addressing these methodological issues:Firstly,Redundant profiles,which increased their citation and rank to produce false results.Secondly,the exclusion of theses and dissertation documents to retrieve the actual publications to count for citations.Thirdly,the elimination of falsely owned articles from scholars’profiles.To accomplish this task,the experimental design referred to collecting data from 120 UK-REF institutes and GS for the present year to enhance its correlation analysis in this new evaluation.The data extracted from GS is processed into structured data,and afterward,it is utilized to generate statistical computations of citations’analysis that contribute to the ranking based on their citations.The research promoted the predictive approach of correlational research.Furthermore,experimental evaluation reported encouraging results in comparison to the previous modi-fication made by the proposed taxonomy.This paper discussed the limitations of the current evaluation and suggested the potential paths to improve the research impact algorithm.
基金supported by the Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province(No.22024SJYB0250)。
文摘Objective:To involve stakeholders in Jiangsu Province,China,to identify barriers for nonspecialist-delivered perinatal depression(PND)management to guide management in maternity and child health care institutions.Methods:In this qualitative study,semi-structured face-to-face individual interviews were used,guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research(CFIR).Thematic analysis was done to categorize data using the CFIR framework's domains.Results:There were a total of 20 interviewees.Barriers coded under the CFIR framework included:needs and resources of those served by the organization,cosmopolitanism,available resources,structural characteristics,access to knowledge and information,and knowledge and beliefs.Conclusions:Implementing nonspecialist-delivered PND management poses varying obstacles in different situations.Overcoming these barriers can be accomplished by simplifying interventions based on local conditions,changing women's and families'attitudes and help-seeking behaviors toward PND,establishing linkages with psychiatry,strengthening policymakers'capacity and improving mental health care systems,developing detailed intervention manuals,enhancing clinicians'mental health literacy,and improving the operation of psychologically appropriate approaches to build self-efficacy.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,“Global Change Risks of Population and Economic Systems Mechanisms and Assessments,”Grant No.2016YFA0602404。
文摘In this article,we recall the United Nations’30-year journey in disaster risk reduction strategy and framework,review the latest progress and key scientific and technological questions related to the United Nations disaster risk reduction initiatives,and summarize the framework and contents of disaster risk science research.The object of disaster risk science research is the"disaster system"consisting of hazard,the geographical environment,and exposed units,with features of regionality,interconnectedness,coupling,and complexity.Environmental stability,hazard threat,and socioeconomic vulnerability together determine the way that disasters are formed,establish the spatial extent of disaster impact,and generate the scale of losses.In the formation of a disaster,a conducive environment is the prerequisite,a hazard is the necessary condition,and socioeconomic exposure is the sufficient condition.The geographical environment affects local hazard intensity and therefore can change the pattern of loss distribution.Regional multi-hazard,disaster chain,and disaster compound could induce complex impacts,amplifying or attenuating hazard intensity and changing the scope of affected areas.In the light of research progress,particularly in the context of China,we propose a threelayer disaster risk science disciplinary structure,which contains three pillars(disaster science,disaster technology,and disaster governance),nine core areas,and 27 research fields.Based on these elements,we discuss the frontiers in disaster risk science research.
基金The National Social Science Fundation of China (17XJY020)The National Natural Science Foundation of China (71963028)The Discipline Construction Project for Ningxia Institutions of Higher Education (Discipline of Theoretical Economics)(NXYLXK2017B04)。
文摘The fragility of ecosystem health has become a key factor hindering the sustainable development of the ecological environment. Through a review of published research from domestic and foreign scholars, starting from the endogenous logic of studies in the field of ecosystem vulnerability(EV), this paper sorts out the literature on the aspects of measurement models, prediction methods and risk assessment, comprehensively defines the research category and scientific framework of EV, and analyzes the research ideas and development trends. We arrived at the following conclusions: 1) The connotation of ecosystem vulnerability not only embodies the change in the vulnerability of the natural environment, but it also reflects the irreversible damage to the ecosystem caused by excessive development and industrial production activities. 2) The setting of ecosystem vulnerability indices should aim to fully reflect the essential features of that vulnerability, which should include the index systems of natural, social, economic and other related factors. 3) There are many types of ecosystem vulnerability measurement methods, prediction models and risk evaluation models, which have different focuses and advantages. The most appropriate method should be adopted for conducting comprehensive and systematic evaluation, prediction and estimation according to the different representation and evolution mechanisms of the chosen research object and regional ecosystem vulnerability. 4) Based on the regional system characteristics, corresponding risk management measures should be proposed, and pertinent policy suggestions should be put forward to improve the ecological safety and sustainable development of an ecologically vulnerable area.
基金Supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(16FGL014)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(G2014202148)
文摘With the development of the electronic commerce, the electronic word-of-mouth(e WOM)has become important reference information for consumer shopping. EWOM has attracted considerable interest from researchers in the past decade. In this paper, a research review is conducted and an integrated framework is proposed on the effect of e WOM. The effect of e WOM are influenced by its characteristics, communicators, and other factors. The characteristics of e WOM include the source,the volume and the valence. The communicators of e WOM refer to the sender, the receiver and the relationship between them. In addition, dispersion and consistency, persistence and observability,anonymity and deception, and community engagement are related factors for the effect of e WOM.
文摘With accelerating environmental change,technological development,and socio-economic globalisation,the potential for biosafety crises in many countries has intensified,and the sources of harm have become more extensive.Using a visual literature analysis tool,we analysed biosafety strategy knowledge maps of individual authors,institutions,and keywords in literature published between 2009 and 2019.Our results reflected the research hotspots,frontiers,and future trends in this field and demonstrated the necessity and urgency of strengthening biosafety strategy research.Our results showed,first,that biosafety strategy research groups are tightly concentrated and widely dispersed,and already possess a group of key research representatives;second,although cooperation among countries is relatively close,the nodal research institutions in this field are relatively scattered and cooperation among them is not strong;and third,“biosecurity”,“infection”,“biosafety”,and“strategy”,among others,are highfrequency keywords used by many recent academic publications,while“tuberculosis”,“biological invasion”,and“nanoparticle”are keywords denoting the frontiers of research activity.In view of these,China should focus on accelerating the introduction of biosafety laws and regulations at the national level in the following years;increasing biosafety supervision;improving biological hazard response systems;strengthening cooperation and innovation among research institutions;improving scientific research review mechanisms;and strengthening biotechnology risk assessment research.
基金The study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72374207)the Chongqing outstanding youth project(No.cstc2020jcyjjq0035)。
文摘Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of death worldwide, and Chinese TB burden ranked the second globally. Chinese primary healthcare (PHC) sectors implement the TB Control Program (TCP) to improve active case finding, referral, treatment adherence, and health education. This study aimed to identify barriers and enablers of TCP implementation in high TB burden regions of West China.Methods We conducted a representative study using mixed-methods in 28 counties or districts in Chongqing Municipality and Guizhou Province of West China from October 2021 to May 2022. Questionnaire surveys and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 2720 TB healthcare workers (HCWs) and 20 interviewees in PHC sectors. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to investigate TB HCWs’ characteristics, and path analysis model was utilized to analyze the impact of associated factors on TCP implementation. Thematic framework analysis was developed with the guide of the adapted Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) on factors of TCP implementation.Results This study found that 84.6% and 94.1% of community and village HCWs had low professional titles. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis and correlation analysis, lower TB core knowledge scores (-0.09) were identified as barriers for TCP implementation in community PHC sectors, and low working satisfaction (-0.17) and low working willingness (-0.10) are barriers for TPC implementation in village PHC sectors. The results of in-depth interviews reported barriers in all domains and enablers in four domains of CFIR. There were identified 19 CFIR constructs associated with TCP implementation, including 22 barriers such as HCWs’ heavy workload, and 12 enablers such as HCWs’ passion towards TCP planning.Conclusions With the guide of the CFIR framework, complex factors (barriers and enablers) of TCP implementation in PHC sectors of West China were explored, which provided important evidences to promote TB program in high TB burden regions. Further implementation studies to translate those factors into implementation strategies are urgent needed.
文摘A recurring pattern of access to existing databases,data analyses,formulation of new hypotheses,use of an experimental design,institutional review board approvals,data collection,curation,and storage within trusted digital repositories is observable during clinical research work.The workflows that support the repeated nature of these activities can be ascribed as a Canonical Workflow Framework for Research(CWFR).Disease area clinical research is protocol specific,and during data collection,the electronic case report forms can use Common Data Elements(CDEs)that have precisely defined questions and are associated with the specified value(s)as responses.The CDE-based CWFR is integrated with a biomedical research informatics computing system,which consists of a complete stack of technical layers including the Protocol and Form Research Management System.The unique data dictionaries associated with the CWFR for Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinson's Disease resulted in the development of the Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinson's Disease Biomarker systems.Due to a canonical workflow,these two systems can use similar tools,applications,and service modules to create findable,accessible,interoperable,and reusable Digital Objects.The Digital Objects for Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinson's disease contain all relevant information needed from the time data is collected,validated,and maintained within a Storage Repository for future access.All Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinson's Disease studies can be shared as Research Objects that can be produced by aggregating related resources as information packages and is findable on the Internet by using unique identifiers.Overall,the integration of CWFR with an informatics system has resulted in the reuse of software applications for several National Institutes of Health-supported biomedical research programs.
文摘InCanonicalWorkflowFramework forResearch(CWFR)"packages"arerelevantin twodifferentdirections.In data science,workflows are in general being executed on a set of files which have been aggregated for specific purposes,such as for training a model in deep learning.We call this type of"package"a data collection and its aggregation and metadata description is motivated by research interests.The other type of"packages"relevant for CWFR are supposed to represent workflows in a self-describing and self-contained way for later execution.In this paper,we will review different packaging technologies and investigate their usability in the context of CWFR.For this purpose,we draw on an exemplary use case and show how packaging technologies can support its realization.We conclude that packaging technologies of different flavors help on providing inputs and outputs for workflow steps in a machine-readable way,as well as on representing a workflow and all its artifacts in a self-describing and self-contained way.
基金the Russian Foundation for Basic Research,grants 19-07-01198,18-29-22096.
文摘The investigation proposes the application of an ontological semantic approach to describing workflow control patterns,research workflow step patterns,and the meaning of the workflows in terms of domain knowledge.The approach can provide wide opportunities for semantic refinement,reuse,and composition of workflows.Automatic reasoning allows verifying those compositions and implementations and provides machine-actionable workflow manipulation and problem-solving using workflows.The described approach can take into account the implementation of workflows in different workflow management systems,the organization of workflows collections in data infrastructures and the search for them,the semantic approach to the selection of workflows and resources in the research domain,the creation of research step patterns and their implementation reusing fragments of existing workflows,the possibility of automation of problemsolving based on the reuse of workflows.The application of the approach to CWFR conceptions is proposed.
