Ferroelectric materials have many interesting physical properties such as ferroelectricity, pyroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and opto-electricity, and applying ferroelectric materials in the forms of thin and thick ...Ferroelectric materials have many interesting physical properties such as ferroelectricity, pyroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and opto-electricity, and applying ferroelectric materials in the forms of thin and thick films and integrating them on the silicon substrate as electronic and MEMS devices is a very attractive research area and challenging. In this paper, we report our research works on ferroelectric MEMS and ferroelectric films for electronic device applications. Pyroelectric thin film infrared sensors have been made, characterized, and a 32×32 array with its size of 1cm×1cm has been obtained on Si membrane. Ferroelectric thin films in amorphous phase have been applied to make silicon based hydrogen gas sensors with the metal/amorphous ferroelectric film/metal device structure, and its turn-on voltage of about 4.5V at ～1000 ppm in air is about 7 times of the best value reported in the literature. For the application of electron emission flat panel display, ferroelectric BST thin films with excess Ti concentrations have been coated on Si tips, the threshold voltage of those ferroelectric film coated tips has been reduced about one order from ～70 V/μm to 4～10 V/μm for different Ti concentrations, and however, the electron emission current density has been increased at least 3～4 order for those coated tips compared to that of the bare Si tips. To fulfill in the thickness gap between thin film of typical ～1 μm made by PVD/CVD and polished ceramic wafer of ～50 μm from the bulk, piezoelectric films with thickness in a range of 1～30 μm have been successfully deposited on Si substrate at a low temperature of 650oC by a novel hybridized deposition technique, and piezoelectric MEMS ultrasonic arrays have been very recently obtained with the sound pressure level up to ～120 dB. More detailed results will be presented and mechanisms will be discussed.展开更多
Capacity building is a key issue for the implementation of climate adaptation measures in urban planning processes. For successful capacity building, it is important to define the relevant stakeholders and tailor the ...Capacity building is a key issue for the implementation of climate adaptation measures in urban planning processes. For successful capacity building, it is important to define the relevant stakeholders and tailor the adaptation strategies first to (the position of) these stakeholders and next to the specific urban conditions and issues. In addition, scientific insights and tools can be of assistance, and the use of climate maps can help to create a common language. Thomas Hartmann and Tejo Spit’s research work on capacity building was published in American Journal of Climate Change, 3, 245-252, 2014 [1]. In June 2015, Thomas Hartmann and Tejo Spit’s research work [1] was cited by Nature Geoscience as one of six important papers in the field of capacity building [2], in detail, please see: http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v8/n7/full/ngeo2465.html.展开更多
The situation and status of the research work on the next higher transmission voltage for Northwest Power Grid in China are briefly presented in this paper. It has been preliminarily determined that 750 kV will be ado...The situation and status of the research work on the next higher transmission voltage for Northwest Power Grid in China are briefly presented in this paper. It has been preliminarily determined that 750 kV will be adopted as the next higher transmission voltage to the 330 kV being used. In consideration of the temporary slowing down of the growth of electric power industry in Northwest China and the advance of the.research work on nation--wide interconnection, the authors put forward their views on this problem.展开更多
The city of Manaus (Brazil) is located in the central part of the largest tropical forest in the world, the Amazon rainforest, and has a population of approximately 2 million inhabitants. Osmar Pinto Jr., Iara Regina ...The city of Manaus (Brazil) is located in the central part of the largest tropical forest in the world, the Amazon rainforest, and has a population of approximately 2 million inhabitants. Osmar Pinto Jr., Iara Regina Cardoso de Almeida Pinto, and Osmar P. Neto showed that the lightning activity in Manaus is larger than that in the regions around the city and it has been increasing in the last four decades with the increasing of the urban area of the city. These results suggest that these spatial and time variations are related to the Urban Heat Island effect, since it is believed that the Urban Heat Island effect influences thunderstorm formation and evolution and, in consequence, the lightning activity. Therefore, they suggest that the replacement of the forest by urban areas tends to increase the lightning activity in the Amazon region. These results were published in American Journal of Climate Change in December 2013 [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003300390030003700300031003600360033000000 . In March 14, 2014, BBC News reported Osmar Pinto Jr. et al.’s results. The title of news report is “Enlightened forest”, in detail, please find at? http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-26554974.展开更多
Pinhas Alpert’s team studies recent decadal trends of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over megacities around the world by using three NASA space aerosol sensors: MODIS-Terra, MODIS-Aqua and MISR. Results from these three...Pinhas Alpert’s team studies recent decadal trends of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over megacities around the world by using three NASA space aerosol sensors: MODIS-Terra, MODIS-Aqua and MISR. Results from these three satellites clearly show a rise in air pollution levels in the megacities of the Middle East, India and North China (see Figure 1). At the same time, Alpert et al.’s study also reveals some positive trends. Megacities in Europe, northeastern United States and South-East Asia indicate a decrease in air pollution from 2002 to 2010 (see Figure 1). These cities have taken active steps to reduce the amount of contaminants in the air. Alpert hopes that these greener cities will serve as an example to the rest of the world, inspiring those who have yet to clean up their communities to push for environmental reforms.展开更多
From Nov. 5 to 6, 2013, the China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS）held the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions at Wuhan University. More than 1...From Nov. 5 to 6, 2013, the China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS）held the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions at Wuhan University. More than 100 experts and scholars, focusing on empirical human rights studies and their contribution to building a society based on the rule of law, shared their work experience and discussed effective strategies. CSHRS President Luo Haocai, who served as vice chairman of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People＇s Political Consultative Conference,展开更多
Working Paper(WP)是一类特殊的参考文献,它通常不是正式出版的论文,但常常又是最新学术思想和方法的载体,它对学术研究的推进作用是一个值得探讨的问题。本文以现代金融经济领域为研究对象,采用文献计量的方法对这个问题进行了实证研...Working Paper(WP)是一类特殊的参考文献,它通常不是正式出版的论文,但常常又是最新学术思想和方法的载体,它对学术研究的推进作用是一个值得探讨的问题。本文以现代金融经济领域为研究对象,采用文献计量的方法对这个问题进行了实证研究。采用的样本为JFE杂志1998年1月至2007年10月刊登的559篇论文。设计了6个指标对WP的学术促进作用进行了统计分析。建立了三个经济计量模型分析了互联网等电子手段带来的文献传播速度加快是否促进了WP文献的学术影响。关键结论有:在现代金融经济研究领域,WP在全部参考文献的占比大约为1/10,时间影响长度大约为3.5年,互联网等手段促进了WP的使用,但没有带来增长速度的剧烈提高。展开更多
This is a case research on group work and the aim is to investigate the effectiveness of group work in English teaching in English major of Zhejiang Guangsha College of Applied Construction Technology(ZGC).By carrying...This is a case research on group work and the aim is to investigate the effectiveness of group work in English teaching in English major of Zhejiang Guangsha College of Applied Construction Technology(ZGC).By carrying out a 15-week experiment on 08 Applied English Class 1 and 2,questionnaires on 08 Business English Class 1-5(213 students),and interviews on 22 teachers of English major,the research results show and prove that group work is often performed in ZGC and group work is quite effective in English teaching.展开更多
Due to the rapid growth of the mining sector of Mongolia, the need for preparing mining surveying specialists is increasing significantly. The history of preparing highly educated mining surveying specialists and putt...Due to the rapid growth of the mining sector of Mongolia, the need for preparing mining surveying specialists is increasing significantly. The history of preparing highly educated mining surveying specialists and putting their education into practice in our country is an interesting one. The main center to prepare mining surveying specialists is the School of Mining Engineering of the Mongolian State University of Science and Technology. This paper introduces the work that is being done today to prepare mining surveying specialists in Mongolia and its future purposes.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to elucidate participant experiences with a way to use pain assessment as a tool in vocational rehabilitation and see if the process is perceived to be important for the rehabilitation pr...The purpose of this study was to elucidate participant experiences with a way to use pain assessment as a tool in vocational rehabilitation and see if the process is perceived to be important for the rehabilitation process in a four-week lasting rehabilitation back to work program for people with chronic pain, mental illness and fatigue symptoms. Design: A qualitative study. Purposeful typical case sampling. Semi-structured qualitative interviews with rehabilitation back to work participants were thematic content analyzed. Setting: Interviews at the end of the 4th week of rehabilitation took place at a Rehabilitation Center in Central Norway. Subjects: Six women and four men aged 23 to 57 years, suffering from chronic pain and mild mental illness symptoms. Main outcome measure: This paper describes the participants’ experiences with pain mapping in back-to-work rehabilitation, used as a tool in a rehabilitation model for people suffering from chronic pain and mild mental illness. Results: The main topic was “empowered to insights”. The results illustrate a process where mapping tools were experienced relevant in the process of growing discovery of pain and ways of pain management. Pain assessment as a joint aid for both themselves and the staff provided a clearer pain understanding. Conclusion: Mapping as own activity, and cooperation with supportive personnel showing respect for patients’ own experiences, may promote empowerment, and further motivate own efforts and progress of the rehabilitation process.展开更多
文摘Ferroelectric materials have many interesting physical properties such as ferroelectricity, pyroelectricity, piezoelectricity, and opto-electricity, and applying ferroelectric materials in the forms of thin and thick films and integrating them on the silicon substrate as electronic and MEMS devices is a very attractive research area and challenging. In this paper, we report our research works on ferroelectric MEMS and ferroelectric films for electronic device applications. Pyroelectric thin film infrared sensors have been made, characterized, and a 32×32 array with its size of 1cm×1cm has been obtained on Si membrane. Ferroelectric thin films in amorphous phase have been applied to make silicon based hydrogen gas sensors with the metal/amorphous ferroelectric film/metal device structure, and its turn-on voltage of about 4.5V at ～1000 ppm in air is about 7 times of the best value reported in the literature. For the application of electron emission flat panel display, ferroelectric BST thin films with excess Ti concentrations have been coated on Si tips, the threshold voltage of those ferroelectric film coated tips has been reduced about one order from ～70 V/μm to 4～10 V/μm for different Ti concentrations, and however, the electron emission current density has been increased at least 3～4 order for those coated tips compared to that of the bare Si tips. To fulfill in the thickness gap between thin film of typical ～1 μm made by PVD/CVD and polished ceramic wafer of ～50 μm from the bulk, piezoelectric films with thickness in a range of 1～30 μm have been successfully deposited on Si substrate at a low temperature of 650oC by a novel hybridized deposition technique, and piezoelectric MEMS ultrasonic arrays have been very recently obtained with the sound pressure level up to ～120 dB. More detailed results will be presented and mechanisms will be discussed.
文摘Capacity building is a key issue for the implementation of climate adaptation measures in urban planning processes. For successful capacity building, it is important to define the relevant stakeholders and tailor the adaptation strategies first to (the position of) these stakeholders and next to the specific urban conditions and issues. In addition, scientific insights and tools can be of assistance, and the use of climate maps can help to create a common language. Thomas Hartmann and Tejo Spit’s research work on capacity building was published in American Journal of Climate Change, 3, 245-252, 2014 [1]. In June 2015, Thomas Hartmann and Tejo Spit’s research work [1] was cited by Nature Geoscience as one of six important papers in the field of capacity building [2], in detail, please see: http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v8/n7/full/ngeo2465.html.
文摘The situation and status of the research work on the next higher transmission voltage for Northwest Power Grid in China are briefly presented in this paper. It has been preliminarily determined that 750 kV will be adopted as the next higher transmission voltage to the 330 kV being used. In consideration of the temporary slowing down of the growth of electric power industry in Northwest China and the advance of the.research work on nation--wide interconnection, the authors put forward their views on this problem.
文摘The city of Manaus (Brazil) is located in the central part of the largest tropical forest in the world, the Amazon rainforest, and has a population of approximately 2 million inhabitants. Osmar Pinto Jr., Iara Regina Cardoso de Almeida Pinto, and Osmar P. Neto showed that the lightning activity in Manaus is larger than that in the regions around the city and it has been increasing in the last four decades with the increasing of the urban area of the city. These results suggest that these spatial and time variations are related to the Urban Heat Island effect, since it is believed that the Urban Heat Island effect influences thunderstorm formation and evolution and, in consequence, the lightning activity. Therefore, they suggest that the replacement of the forest by urban areas tends to increase the lightning activity in the Amazon region. These results were published in American Journal of Climate Change in December 2013 [1] 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003300390030003700300031003600360033000000 . In March 14, 2014, BBC News reported Osmar Pinto Jr. et al.’s results. The title of news report is “Enlightened forest”, in detail, please find at? http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-26554974.
文摘Pinhas Alpert’s team studies recent decadal trends of aerosol optical depth (AOD) over megacities around the world by using three NASA space aerosol sensors: MODIS-Terra, MODIS-Aqua and MISR. Results from these three satellites clearly show a rise in air pollution levels in the megacities of the Middle East, India and North China (see Figure 1). At the same time, Alpert et al.’s study also reveals some positive trends. Megacities in Europe, northeastern United States and South-East Asia indicate a decrease in air pollution from 2002 to 2010 (see Figure 1). These cities have taken active steps to reduce the amount of contaminants in the air. Alpert hopes that these greener cities will serve as an example to the rest of the world, inspiring those who have yet to clean up their communities to push for environmental reforms.
文摘From Nov. 5 to 6, 2013, the China Society for Human Rights Studies （CSHRS）held the Fifth National Meeting for the Exchange of Work Experience Among Human Rights Research Institutions at Wuhan University. More than 100 experts and scholars, focusing on empirical human rights studies and their contribution to building a society based on the rule of law, shared their work experience and discussed effective strategies. CSHRS President Luo Haocai, who served as vice chairman of the 10th National Committee of the Chinese People＇s Political Consultative Conference,
文摘This is a case research on group work and the aim is to investigate the effectiveness of group work in English teaching in English major of Zhejiang Guangsha College of Applied Construction Technology(ZGC).By carrying out a 15-week experiment on 08 Applied English Class 1 and 2,questionnaires on 08 Business English Class 1-5(213 students),and interviews on 22 teachers of English major,the research results show and prove that group work is often performed in ZGC and group work is quite effective in English teaching.
文摘Due to the rapid growth of the mining sector of Mongolia, the need for preparing mining surveying specialists is increasing significantly. The history of preparing highly educated mining surveying specialists and putting their education into practice in our country is an interesting one. The main center to prepare mining surveying specialists is the School of Mining Engineering of the Mongolian State University of Science and Technology. This paper introduces the work that is being done today to prepare mining surveying specialists in Mongolia and its future purposes.
文摘The purpose of this study was to elucidate participant experiences with a way to use pain assessment as a tool in vocational rehabilitation and see if the process is perceived to be important for the rehabilitation process in a four-week lasting rehabilitation back to work program for people with chronic pain, mental illness and fatigue symptoms. Design: A qualitative study. Purposeful typical case sampling. Semi-structured qualitative interviews with rehabilitation back to work participants were thematic content analyzed. Setting: Interviews at the end of the 4th week of rehabilitation took place at a Rehabilitation Center in Central Norway. Subjects: Six women and four men aged 23 to 57 years, suffering from chronic pain and mild mental illness symptoms. Main outcome measure: This paper describes the participants’ experiences with pain mapping in back-to-work rehabilitation, used as a tool in a rehabilitation model for people suffering from chronic pain and mild mental illness. Results: The main topic was “empowered to insights”. The results illustrate a process where mapping tools were experienced relevant in the process of growing discovery of pain and ways of pain management. Pain assessment as a joint aid for both themselves and the staff provided a clearer pain understanding. Conclusion: Mapping as own activity, and cooperation with supportive personnel showing respect for patients’ own experiences, may promote empowerment, and further motivate own efforts and progress of the rehabilitation process.
