Purpose:In order to annotate the semantic information and extract the research level information of research papers,we attempt to seek a method to develop an information extraction system.Design/methodology/approach:S...Purpose:In order to annotate the semantic information and extract the research level information of research papers,we attempt to seek a method to develop an information extraction system.Design/methodology/approach:Semantic dictionary and conditional random field model(CRFM)were used to annotate the semantic information of research papers.Based on the annotation results,the research level information was extracted through regular expression.All the functions were implemented on Sybase platform.Findings:According to the result of our experiment in carbon nanotube research,the precision and recall rates reached 65.13%and 57.75%,respectively after the semantic properties of word class have been labeled,and F-measure increased dramatically from less than 50%to60.18%while added with semantic features.Our experiment also showed that the information extraction system for research level(IESRL)can extract performance indicators from research papers rapidly and effectively.Research limitations:Some text information,such as that of format and chart,might have been lost due to the extraction processing of text format from PDF to TXT files.Semantic labeling on sentences could be insufficient due to the rich meaning of lexicons in the semantic dictionary.Research implications:The established system can help researchers rapidly compare the level of different research papers and find out their implicit innovation values.It could also be used as an auxiliary tool for analyzing research levels of various research institutions.Originality/value:In this work,we have successfully established an information extraction system for research papers by a revised semantic annotation method based on CRFM and the semantic dictionary.Our system can analyze the information extraction problem from two levels,i.e.from the sentence level and noun(phrase)level of research papers.Compared with the extraction method based on knowledge engineering and that on machine learning,our system shows advantages of the both.展开更多
With the rapid development of nuclear power in China, the disposal of high-level radioactive waste（HLW） has become an important issue for nuclear safety and environmental protection. Deep geological disposal is inte...With the rapid development of nuclear power in China, the disposal of high-level radioactive waste（HLW） has become an important issue for nuclear safety and environmental protection. Deep geological disposal is internationally accepted as a feasible and safe way to dispose of HLW, and underground research laboratories（URLs） play an important and multi-faceted role in the development of HLW repositories. This paper introduces the overall planning and the latest progress for China＇s URL. On the basis of the proposed strategy to build an area-specific URL in combination with a comprehensive evaluation of the site selection results obtained during the last 33 years, the Xinchang site in the Beishan area,located in Gansu Province of northwestern China, has been selected as the final site for China＇s first URL built in granite. In the process of characterizing the Xinchang URL site, a series of investigations,including borehole drilling,geological mapping, geophysical surveying,hydraulic testing and in situ stress measurements, has been conducted. The investigation results indicate that the geological,hydrogeological, engineering geological and geochemical conditions of the Xinchang site are very suitable for URL construction. Meanwhile, to validate and develop construction technologies for the Beishan URL, the Beishan exploration tunnel（BET）, which is a 50-m-deep facility in the Jiujing sub-area, has been constructed and several in situ tests, such as drill-and-blast tests, characterization of the excavation damaged zone（EDZ）, and long-term deformation monitoring of surrounding rocks, have been performed in the BET. The methodologies and technologies established in the BET will serve for URL construction.According to the achievements of the characterization of the URL site, a preliminary design of the URL with a maximum depth of 560 m is proposed and necessary in situ tests in the URL are planned.展开更多
Underground research laboratories （URLs）, including ＂generic URLs＂ and ＂site-specific URLs＂, are un- derground facilities in which characterisation, testing, technology development, and/or demonstration activiti...Underground research laboratories （URLs）, including ＂generic URLs＂ and ＂site-specific URLs＂, are un- derground facilities in which characterisation, testing, technology development, and/or demonstration activities are carried out in support of the development of geological repositories for high-level radioactive waste （HLW） disposal. In addition to the generic URL and site-specific URL, a concept of ＂areaspecific URL＂, or the third type of URL, is proposed in this paper. It is referred to as the facility that is built at a site within an area that is considered as a potential area for HLW repository or built at a place near the future repository site, and may be regarded as a precursor to the development of a repository at the site. It acts as a ＂generic URL＂, but also acts as a ＂site-specific URL＂ to some extent. Considering the current situation in China, the most suitable option is to build an ＂area-specific URL＂ in Beishan area, the first priority region for China＇s high-level waste repository. With this strategy, the goal to build China＇s URL by 2020 mav be achieved, but the time left is limited.展开更多
Availability of reliable knowledge on future climate change impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation are considered key elements to improving adaptive capacities and developing proper adaptation actions. The Nile Delta ...Availability of reliable knowledge on future climate change impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation are considered key elements to improving adaptive capacities and developing proper adaptation actions. The Nile Delta vulnerability to Sea Level Rise (SLR) has been the subject of a relatively significant number of studies in Egypt. The research question that this paper intends to address is “to what extent have the produced scientific knowledge supported climate change adaptation policy making, concerning inundation by SLR in the Nile Delta”. To address this question, the paper begins with a review of the literature on policy-research interaction, based on which a framework of policy-research interactions is developed. This is followed by examining generated knowledge from research and the role of such knowledge on adaptation strategy development in Egypt. It was found that the research cycle has provided ample knowledge on the Nile Delta vulnerability to inundation by SLR. Additionally, the bulk of this research work and produced knowledge have been the main source of information for climate change adaptation policymaking. The interaction between research and policymaking interest in the climate change adaptation arena in Egypt confronted several challenges that may have reduced impacts of research on policymaking. These challenges included low interest in the far future, uncertain sea level rise impacts among policymakers and the uncoordinated research and varied estimates of sea level rise impacts provided by the research cycle. Moreover, the lack of proper and effective communication channels between the two cycles may have further hindered possible interaction.展开更多
In the context of radioactive waste disposal,an underground research laboratory(URL)is a facility in which experiments are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of constructing and operating a radioactive waste dis...In the context of radioactive waste disposal,an underground research laboratory(URL)is a facility in which experiments are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of constructing and operating a radioactive waste disposal facility within a geological formation.The Meuse/Haute-Marne URL is a sitespecific facility planned to study the feasibility of a radioactive waste disposal in the Callovo-Oxfordian(COx)claystone.The thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM)behaviour of the host rock is significant for the design of the underground nuclear waste disposal facility and for its long-term safety.The French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency(Andra)has begun a research programme aiming to demonstrate the relevancy of the French high-level waste(HLW)concept.This paper presents the programme implemented from small-scale(small diameter)boreholes to full-scale demonstration experiments to study the THM effects of the thermal transient on the COx claystone and the strategy implemented in this new programme to demonstrate and optimise current disposal facility components for HLW.It shows that the French high-level waste concept is feasible and working in the COx claystone.It also exhibits that,as for other plastic clay or claystone,heating-induced pore pressure increases and that the THM behaviour is anisotropic.展开更多
Journal of Mosquito Research （ISSN 1927-646X） is an open access, peer reviewedjournal published online by BioPublisher. The journal is publishing high quality originalresearch on all aspects of mosquito and its affe...Journal of Mosquito Research （ISSN 1927-646X） is an open access, peer reviewedjournal published online by BioPublisher. The journal is publishing high quality originalresearch on all aspects of mosquito and its affecting the living organisms, as well asenvironmental risk and public policy relevant to mosquito modified organisms. Topicsinclude （but are not limited to） the research at molecular or protein level of mosquito.展开更多
The geological disposal of high level radioactive waste is a challenging task facing the scientific and technical world.This paper introduces the latest progress of high level radioactive disposal programs in the worl...The geological disposal of high level radioactive waste is a challenging task facing the scientific and technical world.This paper introduces the latest progress of high level radioactive disposal programs in the world,and discusses the following key scientific challenges:(1)precise prediction of the evolution of a repository site;(2)characteristics of deep geological environment;(3)behaviour of deep rock mass,groundwater and engineering material under coupled conditions(intermediate to high temperature,geostress,hydraulic,chemical,biological and radiation process,etc);(4)geochemical behaviour of transuranic radionuclides with low concentration and its migration with groundwater;and(5)safety assessment of disposal system.Several large-scale research projects and several hot topics related with high-level waste disposal are also introduced.展开更多
The continued success of Pedosphere relies on the support of authors and reviewers.On behalf of the Editorial Committee and the submitting authors of Pedosphere,we would like to sincerely acknowledge the continuous su...The continued success of Pedosphere relies on the support of authors and reviewers.On behalf of the Editorial Committee and the submitting authors of Pedosphere,we would like to sincerely acknowledge the continuous support of the reviewers listed below,who have contributed their time and returned at least one review and decision during the period from January 1 to December 31,2024,on a voluntary basis.These reviewers have provided the editors with timely,thoughtful,and detailed reviews and decisions that are also enormously helpful to authors,encourage revision,improve manuscripts,and enhance the level of research published in the journal.Many reviewers have completed several reviews this year.展开更多
[目的/意义]基于科技基金共同资助的视角,探究区域联合创新现状,为构建高效且合理的区域创新协同机制提供有益参考。[方法/过程]以Web of Science数据库中国内地31个省级行政区为研究对象,通过复杂网络分析、逐步回归法等对区域联合创...[目的/意义]基于科技基金共同资助的视角,探究区域联合创新现状,为构建高效且合理的区域创新协同机制提供有益参考。[方法/过程]以Web of Science数据库中国内地31个省级行政区为研究对象,通过复杂网络分析、逐步回归法等对区域联合创新的布局态势及影响效果展开研究。[结果/结论]结果表明,从总体上看,东部地区参与共同资助的论文数量最多且学术影响力最高;各地区的区域联合创新水平逐年提高,对共同资助的依赖度不断降低;地缘邻近性和资源互补性是区域间以共同资助形式实现联合创新的主要驱动力;基准回归结果发现,论文数量和学术影响力对地区科技创新水平具有显著促进作用,论文数量的影响性稳定且持久,学术影响力和成果新颖性的影响效力更大,但持久性较弱,后者的促进作用有一定滞后性;异质性检验发现,论文数量和学术影响力对东部和西部地区科技创新水平的促进作用最大;递进影响分析表明,共同资助形式下的区域联合创新会成为赋能新质生产力的潜在动力。展开更多
This study proposes the development of a system to classify phytomedicine projects by applying the technology readiness level (TRL). This strategy is gaining relevance in the field of health innovation because it prom...This study proposes the development of a system to classify phytomedicine projects by applying the technology readiness level (TRL). This strategy is gaining relevance in the field of health innovation because it promotes synergism between researchers and R&D managers working in this area. Nine TRLs were created for the development of herbal medicines by the authors, which is a group of experts in natural products, supported by pre-existing records on project management in the institutions to which they belong. The levels were determined by mirroring the bench-to-bedside development of synthetic drug pathways, in accordance with concepts of translational research. Each level was sectioned by disciplinary areas ruling pools of multiple activities, the achievements of which represent independent technologies. Short content deliveries (SCD) were empirically established at the end of each level as a requirement to enter the next technological stage. A TRL scale was constructed to classify the stages of phytomedicines development to reflect project maturity. Detailed descriptions of the first five nonclinical levels and their sublevels were provided. At the end of each level, the SCD served as an indicator of sufficiency to move on to the next stage. The TRL framework for developing phytomedicines provided an organized panel to clarify the independent technology generated in each stage. The integration of these technologies constitutes a valuable tool for institutions that foster pharmaceutical product development. The five initial levels of TRL considered here can contribute to accelerating innovation in R&D organizations dedicated to the development of plant-based products.展开更多
The importance of scientific study has received more and more attentions from various levels of hospitals,while paper writing,topic declaring,and achievement and patent grasping have become the fundamental tasks for t...The importance of scientific study has received more and more attentions from various levels of hospitals,while paper writing,topic declaring,and achievement and patent grasping have become the fundamental tasks for the hospitals. As nurses in basic-level hospitals,howto find and implement excellent scientific research thoughts in busy work has become a challenge in front of them. Nursing of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western M edicine attempts to establish a Special Fund for Nursing of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western M edicine( "Special Fund"for short),aiming to support and assisting nurses in basic-level hospitals to conduct nursing-associated scientific research project approval,achievement declaration and publication,and to promote the co-improvement of scientific research level,academic level and quality of journals in domestic nursing field of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine by assisting the nurses in basic-level hospitals to improve their declaring,executing and summarizing capacities on nursing research topics.展开更多
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12CTQ032)
文摘Purpose:In order to annotate the semantic information and extract the research level information of research papers,we attempt to seek a method to develop an information extraction system.Design/methodology/approach:Semantic dictionary and conditional random field model(CRFM)were used to annotate the semantic information of research papers.Based on the annotation results,the research level information was extracted through regular expression.All the functions were implemented on Sybase platform.Findings:According to the result of our experiment in carbon nanotube research,the precision and recall rates reached 65.13%and 57.75%,respectively after the semantic properties of word class have been labeled,and F-measure increased dramatically from less than 50%to60.18%while added with semantic features.Our experiment also showed that the information extraction system for research level(IESRL)can extract performance indicators from research papers rapidly and effectively.Research limitations:Some text information,such as that of format and chart,might have been lost due to the extraction processing of text format from PDF to TXT files.Semantic labeling on sentences could be insufficient due to the rich meaning of lexicons in the semantic dictionary.Research implications:The established system can help researchers rapidly compare the level of different research papers and find out their implicit innovation values.It could also be used as an auxiliary tool for analyzing research levels of various research institutions.Originality/value:In this work,we have successfully established an information extraction system for research papers by a revised semantic annotation method based on CRFM and the semantic dictionary.Our system can analyze the information extraction problem from two levels,i.e.from the sentence level and noun(phrase)level of research papers.Compared with the extraction method based on knowledge engineering and that on machine learning,our system shows advantages of the both.
基金support from the China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) for China's URL Development Program and the Geological Disposal ProgramThe International Atomic Energy Agency is specially thanked for its support for China's geological disposal program through its Technical Cooperation Projects
文摘With the rapid development of nuclear power in China, the disposal of high-level radioactive waste（HLW） has become an important issue for nuclear safety and environmental protection. Deep geological disposal is internationally accepted as a feasible and safe way to dispose of HLW, and underground research laboratories（URLs） play an important and multi-faceted role in the development of HLW repositories. This paper introduces the overall planning and the latest progress for China＇s URL. On the basis of the proposed strategy to build an area-specific URL in combination with a comprehensive evaluation of the site selection results obtained during the last 33 years, the Xinchang site in the Beishan area,located in Gansu Province of northwestern China, has been selected as the final site for China＇s first URL built in granite. In the process of characterizing the Xinchang URL site, a series of investigations,including borehole drilling,geological mapping, geophysical surveying,hydraulic testing and in situ stress measurements, has been conducted. The investigation results indicate that the geological,hydrogeological, engineering geological and geochemical conditions of the Xinchang site are very suitable for URL construction. Meanwhile, to validate and develop construction technologies for the Beishan URL, the Beishan exploration tunnel（BET）, which is a 50-m-deep facility in the Jiujing sub-area, has been constructed and several in situ tests, such as drill-and-blast tests, characterization of the excavation damaged zone（EDZ）, and long-term deformation monitoring of surrounding rocks, have been performed in the BET. The methodologies and technologies established in the BET will serve for URL construction.According to the achievements of the characterization of the URL site, a preliminary design of the URL with a maximum depth of 560 m is proposed and necessary in situ tests in the URL are planned.
文摘Underground research laboratories （URLs）, including ＂generic URLs＂ and ＂site-specific URLs＂, are un- derground facilities in which characterisation, testing, technology development, and/or demonstration activities are carried out in support of the development of geological repositories for high-level radioactive waste （HLW） disposal. In addition to the generic URL and site-specific URL, a concept of ＂areaspecific URL＂, or the third type of URL, is proposed in this paper. It is referred to as the facility that is built at a site within an area that is considered as a potential area for HLW repository or built at a place near the future repository site, and may be regarded as a precursor to the development of a repository at the site. It acts as a ＂generic URL＂, but also acts as a ＂site-specific URL＂ to some extent. Considering the current situation in China, the most suitable option is to build an ＂area-specific URL＂ in Beishan area, the first priority region for China＇s high-level waste repository. With this strategy, the goal to build China＇s URL by 2020 mav be achieved, but the time left is limited.
文摘Availability of reliable knowledge on future climate change impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation are considered key elements to improving adaptive capacities and developing proper adaptation actions. The Nile Delta vulnerability to Sea Level Rise (SLR) has been the subject of a relatively significant number of studies in Egypt. The research question that this paper intends to address is “to what extent have the produced scientific knowledge supported climate change adaptation policy making, concerning inundation by SLR in the Nile Delta”. To address this question, the paper begins with a review of the literature on policy-research interaction, based on which a framework of policy-research interactions is developed. This is followed by examining generated knowledge from research and the role of such knowledge on adaptation strategy development in Egypt. It was found that the research cycle has provided ample knowledge on the Nile Delta vulnerability to inundation by SLR. Additionally, the bulk of this research work and produced knowledge have been the main source of information for climate change adaptation policymaking. The interaction between research and policymaking interest in the climate change adaptation arena in Egypt confronted several challenges that may have reduced impacts of research on policymaking. These challenges included low interest in the far future, uncertain sea level rise impacts among policymakers and the uncoordinated research and varied estimates of sea level rise impacts provided by the research cycle. Moreover, the lack of proper and effective communication channels between the two cycles may have further hindered possible interaction.
文摘In the context of radioactive waste disposal,an underground research laboratory(URL)is a facility in which experiments are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of constructing and operating a radioactive waste disposal facility within a geological formation.The Meuse/Haute-Marne URL is a sitespecific facility planned to study the feasibility of a radioactive waste disposal in the Callovo-Oxfordian(COx)claystone.The thermo-hydro-mechanical(THM)behaviour of the host rock is significant for the design of the underground nuclear waste disposal facility and for its long-term safety.The French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency(Andra)has begun a research programme aiming to demonstrate the relevancy of the French high-level waste(HLW)concept.This paper presents the programme implemented from small-scale(small diameter)boreholes to full-scale demonstration experiments to study the THM effects of the thermal transient on the COx claystone and the strategy implemented in this new programme to demonstrate and optimise current disposal facility components for HLW.It shows that the French high-level waste concept is feasible and working in the COx claystone.It also exhibits that,as for other plastic clay or claystone,heating-induced pore pressure increases and that the THM behaviour is anisotropic.
文摘Journal of Mosquito Research （ISSN 1927-646X） is an open access, peer reviewedjournal published online by BioPublisher. The journal is publishing high quality originalresearch on all aspects of mosquito and its affecting the living organisms, as well asenvironmental risk and public policy relevant to mosquito modified organisms. Topicsinclude （but are not limited to） the research at molecular or protein level of mosquito.
文摘The geological disposal of high level radioactive waste is a challenging task facing the scientific and technical world.This paper introduces the latest progress of high level radioactive disposal programs in the world,and discusses the following key scientific challenges:(1)precise prediction of the evolution of a repository site;(2)characteristics of deep geological environment;(3)behaviour of deep rock mass,groundwater and engineering material under coupled conditions(intermediate to high temperature,geostress,hydraulic,chemical,biological and radiation process,etc);(4)geochemical behaviour of transuranic radionuclides with low concentration and its migration with groundwater;and(5)safety assessment of disposal system.Several large-scale research projects and several hot topics related with high-level waste disposal are also introduced.
文摘The continued success of Pedosphere relies on the support of authors and reviewers.On behalf of the Editorial Committee and the submitting authors of Pedosphere,we would like to sincerely acknowledge the continuous support of the reviewers listed below,who have contributed their time and returned at least one review and decision during the period from January 1 to December 31,2024,on a voluntary basis.These reviewers have provided the editors with timely,thoughtful,and detailed reviews and decisions that are also enormously helpful to authors,encourage revision,improve manuscripts,and enhance the level of research published in the journal.Many reviewers have completed several reviews this year.
文摘[目的/意义]基于科技基金共同资助的视角,探究区域联合创新现状,为构建高效且合理的区域创新协同机制提供有益参考。[方法/过程]以Web of Science数据库中国内地31个省级行政区为研究对象,通过复杂网络分析、逐步回归法等对区域联合创新的布局态势及影响效果展开研究。[结果/结论]结果表明,从总体上看,东部地区参与共同资助的论文数量最多且学术影响力最高;各地区的区域联合创新水平逐年提高,对共同资助的依赖度不断降低;地缘邻近性和资源互补性是区域间以共同资助形式实现联合创新的主要驱动力;基准回归结果发现,论文数量和学术影响力对地区科技创新水平具有显著促进作用,论文数量的影响性稳定且持久,学术影响力和成果新颖性的影响效力更大,但持久性较弱,后者的促进作用有一定滞后性;异质性检验发现,论文数量和学术影响力对东部和西部地区科技创新水平的促进作用最大;递进影响分析表明,共同资助形式下的区域联合创新会成为赋能新质生产力的潜在动力。
文摘This study proposes the development of a system to classify phytomedicine projects by applying the technology readiness level (TRL). This strategy is gaining relevance in the field of health innovation because it promotes synergism between researchers and R&D managers working in this area. Nine TRLs were created for the development of herbal medicines by the authors, which is a group of experts in natural products, supported by pre-existing records on project management in the institutions to which they belong. The levels were determined by mirroring the bench-to-bedside development of synthetic drug pathways, in accordance with concepts of translational research. Each level was sectioned by disciplinary areas ruling pools of multiple activities, the achievements of which represent independent technologies. Short content deliveries (SCD) were empirically established at the end of each level as a requirement to enter the next technological stage. A TRL scale was constructed to classify the stages of phytomedicines development to reflect project maturity. Detailed descriptions of the first five nonclinical levels and their sublevels were provided. At the end of each level, the SCD served as an indicator of sufficiency to move on to the next stage. The TRL framework for developing phytomedicines provided an organized panel to clarify the independent technology generated in each stage. The integration of these technologies constitutes a valuable tool for institutions that foster pharmaceutical product development. The five initial levels of TRL considered here can contribute to accelerating innovation in R&D organizations dedicated to the development of plant-based products.
文摘The importance of scientific study has received more and more attentions from various levels of hospitals,while paper writing,topic declaring,and achievement and patent grasping have become the fundamental tasks for the hospitals. As nurses in basic-level hospitals,howto find and implement excellent scientific research thoughts in busy work has become a challenge in front of them. Nursing of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western M edicine attempts to establish a Special Fund for Nursing of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western M edicine( "Special Fund"for short),aiming to support and assisting nurses in basic-level hospitals to conduct nursing-associated scientific research project approval,achievement declaration and publication,and to promote the co-improvement of scientific research level,academic level and quality of journals in domestic nursing field of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine by assisting the nurses in basic-level hospitals to improve their declaring,executing and summarizing capacities on nursing research topics.
