Compared with the services in 3G,services in Beyond 3G(B3G)have some distinctive characteristics such as the packet data services being the majority,more service types,larger scale of services,higher peak transmission...Compared with the services in 3G,services in Beyond 3G(B3G)have some distinctive characteristics such as the packet data services being the majority,more service types,larger scale of services,higher peak transmission rate,enlarged range of transmission rates,more spatial and temporal distribution differences,and more service transmission requests occurring in fast moving vehicles.In order to meet the requirements of B3G services,the B3G systems must have great improvement in network architecture,air interface scheme,radio resource allocation strategy,frequency bands,and Radio Frequency(RF)technology etc.Therefore,the research of the B3G systems should focus on the theory of generalized cellular communications networks,theory of the Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO)wireless transmission system,matching of radio resources to new-type air interfaces,new iterative detection and adaptive link methods,and new-type antenna and RF technologies.展开更多
In this paper, the author presents an overview of the development of CALL and understanding of CALL research in recent years; and then, indicates the trend of CALL research-AR and the research on AR-could be interpret...In this paper, the author presents an overview of the development of CALL and understanding of CALL research in recent years; and then, indicates the trend of CALL research-AR and the research on AR-could be interpreted as the research framework of CALL in China by introducing the four elements of AR-involvement, improvement, systematization and publicity.展开更多
The People＇s Republic of China （PRC） is a country that has great potential to international businesses. Her enormous market, resources, and labor power are important to other countries in this age of global economy...The People＇s Republic of China （PRC） is a country that has great potential to international businesses. Her enormous market, resources, and labor power are important to other countries in this age of global economy. Research studies on the PRC are valuable not only to policymakers in the PRC but also to a larger audience in the global business community. Accounting standards and practices are central to the economic order of any society. As accounting systems are not isolated from social and cultural systems, towards an understanding of social/cultural environments interacting with accounting systems in the PRC in turn facilitates the international investors to interpret financial information and to set strategies in doing businesses in the country. It is expected that the research results of this kind of projects will have implications to different aspects of financial disclosure of companies in the PRC. Being grounded in the current accounting literature, the proposed conceptual framework in this paper is to discern the interconnections between accounting systems and cul^ral factors in the PRC. It aims at contributing to the accounting body of knowledge and to provide practical insights for global managers.展开更多
The excessive use of artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms has caused the problem of errors in AI algorithms,which has challenged the fairness of decision-making,and has intensified people’s inequality.Therefore,it i...The excessive use of artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms has caused the problem of errors in AI algorithms,which has challenged the fairness of decision-making,and has intensified people’s inequality.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct in-depth research and propose corresponding error detection and error elimination methods.This paper first proposes the root causes and threats of bias in AI algorithms,then summarizes the existing bias detection and error elimination methods,and proposes a bias processing framework in three-level dimensions of data,models,and conclusions,aiming to provide a framework for a comprehensive solution to errors in algorithms.At the same time,it also summarizes the problems and challenges in existing research and makes a prospect for future research trends.It is hoped that it will be helpful for us to build fairer AI.展开更多
In this article,we recall the United Nations’30-year journey in disaster risk reduction strategy and framework,review the latest progress and key scientific and technological questions related to the United Nations d...In this article,we recall the United Nations’30-year journey in disaster risk reduction strategy and framework,review the latest progress and key scientific and technological questions related to the United Nations disaster risk reduction initiatives,and summarize the framework and contents of disaster risk science research.The object of disaster risk science research is the"disaster system"consisting of hazard,the geographical environment,and exposed units,with features of regionality,interconnectedness,coupling,and complexity.Environmental stability,hazard threat,and socioeconomic vulnerability together determine the way that disasters are formed,establish the spatial extent of disaster impact,and generate the scale of losses.In the formation of a disaster,a conducive environment is the prerequisite,a hazard is the necessary condition,and socioeconomic exposure is the sufficient condition.The geographical environment affects local hazard intensity and therefore can change the pattern of loss distribution.Regional multi-hazard,disaster chain,and disaster compound could induce complex impacts,amplifying or attenuating hazard intensity and changing the scope of affected areas.In the light of research progress,particularly in the context of China,we propose a threelayer disaster risk science disciplinary structure,which contains three pillars(disaster science,disaster technology,and disaster governance),nine core areas,and 27 research fields.Based on these elements,we discuss the frontiers in disaster risk science research.展开更多
The fragility of ecosystem health has become a key factor hindering the sustainable development of the ecological environment. Through a review of published research from domestic and foreign scholars, starting from t...The fragility of ecosystem health has become a key factor hindering the sustainable development of the ecological environment. Through a review of published research from domestic and foreign scholars, starting from the endogenous logic of studies in the field of ecosystem vulnerability(EV), this paper sorts out the literature on the aspects of measurement models, prediction methods and risk assessment, comprehensively defines the research category and scientific framework of EV, and analyzes the research ideas and development trends. We arrived at the following conclusions: 1) The connotation of ecosystem vulnerability not only embodies the change in the vulnerability of the natural environment, but it also reflects the irreversible damage to the ecosystem caused by excessive development and industrial production activities. 2) The setting of ecosystem vulnerability indices should aim to fully reflect the essential features of that vulnerability, which should include the index systems of natural, social, economic and other related factors. 3) There are many types of ecosystem vulnerability measurement methods, prediction models and risk evaluation models, which have different focuses and advantages. The most appropriate method should be adopted for conducting comprehensive and systematic evaluation, prediction and estimation according to the different representation and evolution mechanisms of the chosen research object and regional ecosystem vulnerability. 4) Based on the regional system characteristics, corresponding risk management measures should be proposed, and pertinent policy suggestions should be put forward to improve the ecological safety and sustainable development of an ecologically vulnerable area.展开更多
With the development of the electronic commerce, the electronic word-of-mouth(e WOM)has become important reference information for consumer shopping. EWOM has attracted considerable interest from researchers in the pa...With the development of the electronic commerce, the electronic word-of-mouth(e WOM)has become important reference information for consumer shopping. EWOM has attracted considerable interest from researchers in the past decade. In this paper, a research review is conducted and an integrated framework is proposed on the effect of e WOM. The effect of e WOM are influenced by its characteristics, communicators, and other factors. The characteristics of e WOM include the source,the volume and the valence. The communicators of e WOM refer to the sender, the receiver and the relationship between them. In addition, dispersion and consistency, persistence and observability,anonymity and deception, and community engagement are related factors for the effect of e WOM.展开更多
With accelerating environmental change,technological development,and socio-economic globalisation,the potential for biosafety crises in many countries has intensified,and the sources of harm have become more extensive...With accelerating environmental change,technological development,and socio-economic globalisation,the potential for biosafety crises in many countries has intensified,and the sources of harm have become more extensive.Using a visual literature analysis tool,we analysed biosafety strategy knowledge maps of individual authors,institutions,and keywords in literature published between 2009 and 2019.Our results reflected the research hotspots,frontiers,and future trends in this field and demonstrated the necessity and urgency of strengthening biosafety strategy research.Our results showed,first,that biosafety strategy research groups are tightly concentrated and widely dispersed,and already possess a group of key research representatives;second,although cooperation among countries is relatively close,the nodal research institutions in this field are relatively scattered and cooperation among them is not strong;and third,“biosecurity”,“infection”,“biosafety”,and“strategy”,among others,are highfrequency keywords used by many recent academic publications,while“tuberculosis”,“biological invasion”,and“nanoparticle”are keywords denoting the frontiers of research activity.In view of these,China should focus on accelerating the introduction of biosafety laws and regulations at the national level in the following years;increasing biosafety supervision;improving biological hazard response systems;strengthening cooperation and innovation among research institutions;improving scientific research review mechanisms;and strengthening biotechnology risk assessment research.展开更多
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of death worldwide, and Chinese TB burden ranked the second globally. Chinese primary healthcare (PHC) sectors implement the TB Control Program (TCP) to improve active cas...Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of death worldwide, and Chinese TB burden ranked the second globally. Chinese primary healthcare (PHC) sectors implement the TB Control Program (TCP) to improve active case finding, referral, treatment adherence, and health education. This study aimed to identify barriers and enablers of TCP implementation in high TB burden regions of West China.Methods We conducted a representative study using mixed-methods in 28 counties or districts in Chongqing Municipality and Guizhou Province of West China from October 2021 to May 2022. Questionnaire surveys and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 2720 TB healthcare workers (HCWs) and 20 interviewees in PHC sectors. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to investigate TB HCWs’ characteristics, and path analysis model was utilized to analyze the impact of associated factors on TCP implementation. Thematic framework analysis was developed with the guide of the adapted Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) on factors of TCP implementation.Results This study found that 84.6% and 94.1% of community and village HCWs had low professional titles. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis and correlation analysis, lower TB core knowledge scores (-0.09) were identified as barriers for TCP implementation in community PHC sectors, and low working satisfaction (-0.17) and low working willingness (-0.10) are barriers for TPC implementation in village PHC sectors. The results of in-depth interviews reported barriers in all domains and enablers in four domains of CFIR. There were identified 19 CFIR constructs associated with TCP implementation, including 22 barriers such as HCWs’ heavy workload, and 12 enablers such as HCWs’ passion towards TCP planning.Conclusions With the guide of the CFIR framework, complex factors (barriers and enablers) of TCP implementation in PHC sectors of West China were explored, which provided important evidences to promote TB program in high TB burden regions. Further implementation studies to translate those factors into implementation strategies are urgent needed.展开更多
Supervisor selection is important for research students in their future studies and careers.Currently,students rely on information search or friends recommendation to find potential research supervisors.However,due to...Supervisor selection is important for research students in their future studies and careers.Currently,students rely on information search or friends recommendation to find potential research supervisors.However,due to the challenges of incomplete and asymmetric information,students can hardly find suitable supervisors that match their research interests as well as personalities.Existing methods mainly consider topic-relevance and candidate-quality,and overlook the significance of connectivity consideration and two-sided matching degree of individuals personality styles.It proposes a novel supervisor recommendation approach that integrates relevance,connectivity,quality and personality-matching dimensions.The results of user-based evaluations demonstrate that the proposed approach generates more satisfactory recommendations as compared to that of all baseline methods.The present solution has been implemented as a social network recommendation service on ScholarMate.展开更多
Google Gemini 1.5 Flash scores were compared with ChatGPT 4o-mini on evaluations of(a)51 of the author’s journal articles and(b)up to 200 articles in each of 34 field-based Units of Assessment(UoAs)from the UK Resear...Google Gemini 1.5 Flash scores were compared with ChatGPT 4o-mini on evaluations of(a)51 of the author’s journal articles and(b)up to 200 articles in each of 34 field-based Units of Assessment(UoAs)from the UK Research Excellence Framework(REF)2021.From(a),the results suggest that Gemini 1.5 Flash,unlike ChatGPT 4o-mini,may work better when fed with a PDF or article full text,rather than just the title and abstract.From(b),Gemini 1.5 Flash seems to be marginally less able to predict an article’s research quality(using a departmental quality proxy indicator)than ChatGPT 4o-mini,although the differences are small,and both have similar disciplinary variations in this ability.Averaging multiple runs of Gemini 1.5 Flash improves the scores.展开更多
We proposes an AI-assisted framework for integrated natural disaster prevention and emergency response,leveraging the DeepSeek large language model(LLM)to advance intelligent decision-making in geohazard management.We...We proposes an AI-assisted framework for integrated natural disaster prevention and emergency response,leveraging the DeepSeek large language model(LLM)to advance intelligent decision-making in geohazard management.We systematically analyze the technical pathways for deploying LLMs in disaster scenarios,emphasizing three breakthrough directions:(1)knowledge graph-driven dynamic risk modeling,(2)reinforcement learning-optimized emergency decision systems,and(3)secure local deployment architectures.The DeepSeek model demonstrates unique advantages through its hybrid reasoning mechanism combining semantic analysis with geospatial pattern recognition,enabling cost-effective processing of multi-source data spanning historical disaster records,real-time IoT sensor feeds,and socio-environmental parameters.A modular system architecture is designed to achieve three critical objectives:(a)automated construction of domain-specific knowledge graphs through unsupervised learning of disaster physics relationships,(b)scenario-adaptive resource allocation using risk simulations,and(c)preserving emergency coordination via federated learning across distributed response nodes.The proposed local deployment paradigm addresses critical data security concerns in cross-border disaster management while complying with the FAIR principles(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable)for geoscientific data governance.This work establishes a methodological foundation for next-generation AI-earth science convergence in disaster mitigation.展开更多
With the environmental deterioration caused by the advance of climate change, soil salinization is a serious and growing global problem. Currently about 7% of the world＇s land surface is threatened by salinization. C...With the environmental deterioration caused by the advance of climate change, soil salinization is a serious and growing global problem. Currently about 7% of the world＇s land surface is threatened by salinization. China is a country whose soils are severely affected by this problem, which, due to its extensive area, and wide distribution poses a serious threat to regional agricultural development. In this review, we summarize the framework for soil salinization research in China over the past 70 years, assess the weaknesses of existing research in both a domestic and international context, highlight the trends and key findings of global research about saline soils over the past 30 years, and propose six major fields and directions for future research on saline soil.展开更多
背景处方精简是一种识别和停用潜在不适当药物的循证实践,已被证实在减少药物不良反应和减轻治疗负担等方面具有重要价值。现有研究揭示了在临床实践中实施处方精简面临的阻碍和促进因素,但缺乏实施科学视角下综合、全面的归纳分析。目...背景处方精简是一种识别和停用潜在不适当药物的循证实践,已被证实在减少药物不良反应和减轻治疗负担等方面具有重要价值。现有研究揭示了在临床实践中实施处方精简面临的阻碍和促进因素,但缺乏实施科学视角下综合、全面的归纳分析。目的本研究采用范围综述的方法,分析实施处方精简的阻碍因素和促进因素,为构建实施策略提供依据。方法系统检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed和Web of Science 4个文献数据库,检索时限为2000年1月—2024年9月,筛选处方精简实施影响因素的相关研究。由2名研究者独立采用预设的数据提取表格收集研究特征和实施因素等信息,并基于2022年更新版实施性研究综合框架(CFIR)分析实施处方精简的阻碍因素和促进因素。结果共纳入46项研究。促进因素包括:患者与医生对处方精简的积极态度,医疗团队的协作配合,良好的医患沟通,患者对处方精简的认知等。阻碍因素则包括:患者对处方精简的抵触态度,医疗机构之间缺乏有效协作,医患沟通时使用过多专业术语,患者对药物知识的缺乏等。结论处方精简的成功实施涉及多层次因素的综合影响,未来研究应基于特定场景下的促进因素和阻碍因素,精准匹配实施策略,从而为推动处方精简工作提出兼具针对性与可行性的方案。展开更多
基金Program of National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.60496311)Project of National"863"Plan ofChina(No.2005AA121052)
文摘Compared with the services in 3G,services in Beyond 3G(B3G)have some distinctive characteristics such as the packet data services being the majority,more service types,larger scale of services,higher peak transmission rate,enlarged range of transmission rates,more spatial and temporal distribution differences,and more service transmission requests occurring in fast moving vehicles.In order to meet the requirements of B3G services,the B3G systems must have great improvement in network architecture,air interface scheme,radio resource allocation strategy,frequency bands,and Radio Frequency(RF)technology etc.Therefore,the research of the B3G systems should focus on the theory of generalized cellular communications networks,theory of the Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO)wireless transmission system,matching of radio resources to new-type air interfaces,new iterative detection and adaptive link methods,and new-type antenna and RF technologies.
文摘In this paper, the author presents an overview of the development of CALL and understanding of CALL research in recent years; and then, indicates the trend of CALL research-AR and the research on AR-could be interpreted as the research framework of CALL in China by introducing the four elements of AR-involvement, improvement, systematization and publicity.
文摘The People＇s Republic of China （PRC） is a country that has great potential to international businesses. Her enormous market, resources, and labor power are important to other countries in this age of global economy. Research studies on the PRC are valuable not only to policymakers in the PRC but also to a larger audience in the global business community. Accounting standards and practices are central to the economic order of any society. As accounting systems are not isolated from social and cultural systems, towards an understanding of social/cultural environments interacting with accounting systems in the PRC in turn facilitates the international investors to interpret financial information and to set strategies in doing businesses in the country. It is expected that the research results of this kind of projects will have implications to different aspects of financial disclosure of companies in the PRC. Being grounded in the current accounting literature, the proposed conceptual framework in this paper is to discern the interconnections between accounting systems and cul^ral factors in the PRC. It aims at contributing to the accounting body of knowledge and to provide practical insights for global managers.
文摘The excessive use of artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms has caused the problem of errors in AI algorithms,which has challenged the fairness of decision-making,and has intensified people’s inequality.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct in-depth research and propose corresponding error detection and error elimination methods.This paper first proposes the root causes and threats of bias in AI algorithms,then summarizes the existing bias detection and error elimination methods,and proposes a bias processing framework in three-level dimensions of data,models,and conclusions,aiming to provide a framework for a comprehensive solution to errors in algorithms.At the same time,it also summarizes the problems and challenges in existing research and makes a prospect for future research trends.It is hoped that it will be helpful for us to build fairer AI.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,“Global Change Risks of Population and Economic Systems Mechanisms and Assessments,”Grant No.2016YFA0602404。
文摘In this article,we recall the United Nations’30-year journey in disaster risk reduction strategy and framework,review the latest progress and key scientific and technological questions related to the United Nations disaster risk reduction initiatives,and summarize the framework and contents of disaster risk science research.The object of disaster risk science research is the"disaster system"consisting of hazard,the geographical environment,and exposed units,with features of regionality,interconnectedness,coupling,and complexity.Environmental stability,hazard threat,and socioeconomic vulnerability together determine the way that disasters are formed,establish the spatial extent of disaster impact,and generate the scale of losses.In the formation of a disaster,a conducive environment is the prerequisite,a hazard is the necessary condition,and socioeconomic exposure is the sufficient condition.The geographical environment affects local hazard intensity and therefore can change the pattern of loss distribution.Regional multi-hazard,disaster chain,and disaster compound could induce complex impacts,amplifying or attenuating hazard intensity and changing the scope of affected areas.In the light of research progress,particularly in the context of China,we propose a threelayer disaster risk science disciplinary structure,which contains three pillars(disaster science,disaster technology,and disaster governance),nine core areas,and 27 research fields.Based on these elements,we discuss the frontiers in disaster risk science research.
基金The National Social Science Fundation of China (17XJY020)The National Natural Science Foundation of China (71963028)The Discipline Construction Project for Ningxia Institutions of Higher Education (Discipline of Theoretical Economics)(NXYLXK2017B04)。
文摘The fragility of ecosystem health has become a key factor hindering the sustainable development of the ecological environment. Through a review of published research from domestic and foreign scholars, starting from the endogenous logic of studies in the field of ecosystem vulnerability(EV), this paper sorts out the literature on the aspects of measurement models, prediction methods and risk assessment, comprehensively defines the research category and scientific framework of EV, and analyzes the research ideas and development trends. We arrived at the following conclusions: 1) The connotation of ecosystem vulnerability not only embodies the change in the vulnerability of the natural environment, but it also reflects the irreversible damage to the ecosystem caused by excessive development and industrial production activities. 2) The setting of ecosystem vulnerability indices should aim to fully reflect the essential features of that vulnerability, which should include the index systems of natural, social, economic and other related factors. 3) There are many types of ecosystem vulnerability measurement methods, prediction models and risk evaluation models, which have different focuses and advantages. The most appropriate method should be adopted for conducting comprehensive and systematic evaluation, prediction and estimation according to the different representation and evolution mechanisms of the chosen research object and regional ecosystem vulnerability. 4) Based on the regional system characteristics, corresponding risk management measures should be proposed, and pertinent policy suggestions should be put forward to improve the ecological safety and sustainable development of an ecologically vulnerable area.
基金Supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(16FGL014)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(G2014202148)
文摘With the development of the electronic commerce, the electronic word-of-mouth(e WOM)has become important reference information for consumer shopping. EWOM has attracted considerable interest from researchers in the past decade. In this paper, a research review is conducted and an integrated framework is proposed on the effect of e WOM. The effect of e WOM are influenced by its characteristics, communicators, and other factors. The characteristics of e WOM include the source,the volume and the valence. The communicators of e WOM refer to the sender, the receiver and the relationship between them. In addition, dispersion and consistency, persistence and observability,anonymity and deception, and community engagement are related factors for the effect of e WOM.
文摘With accelerating environmental change,technological development,and socio-economic globalisation,the potential for biosafety crises in many countries has intensified,and the sources of harm have become more extensive.Using a visual literature analysis tool,we analysed biosafety strategy knowledge maps of individual authors,institutions,and keywords in literature published between 2009 and 2019.Our results reflected the research hotspots,frontiers,and future trends in this field and demonstrated the necessity and urgency of strengthening biosafety strategy research.Our results showed,first,that biosafety strategy research groups are tightly concentrated and widely dispersed,and already possess a group of key research representatives;second,although cooperation among countries is relatively close,the nodal research institutions in this field are relatively scattered and cooperation among them is not strong;and third,“biosecurity”,“infection”,“biosafety”,and“strategy”,among others,are highfrequency keywords used by many recent academic publications,while“tuberculosis”,“biological invasion”,and“nanoparticle”are keywords denoting the frontiers of research activity.In view of these,China should focus on accelerating the introduction of biosafety laws and regulations at the national level in the following years;increasing biosafety supervision;improving biological hazard response systems;strengthening cooperation and innovation among research institutions;improving scientific research review mechanisms;and strengthening biotechnology risk assessment research.
基金The study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72374207)the Chongqing outstanding youth project(No.cstc2020jcyjjq0035)。
文摘Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of death worldwide, and Chinese TB burden ranked the second globally. Chinese primary healthcare (PHC) sectors implement the TB Control Program (TCP) to improve active case finding, referral, treatment adherence, and health education. This study aimed to identify barriers and enablers of TCP implementation in high TB burden regions of West China.Methods We conducted a representative study using mixed-methods in 28 counties or districts in Chongqing Municipality and Guizhou Province of West China from October 2021 to May 2022. Questionnaire surveys and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 2720 TB healthcare workers (HCWs) and 20 interviewees in PHC sectors. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to investigate TB HCWs’ characteristics, and path analysis model was utilized to analyze the impact of associated factors on TCP implementation. Thematic framework analysis was developed with the guide of the adapted Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) on factors of TCP implementation.Results This study found that 84.6% and 94.1% of community and village HCWs had low professional titles. Based on the results of multiple regression analysis and correlation analysis, lower TB core knowledge scores (-0.09) were identified as barriers for TCP implementation in community PHC sectors, and low working satisfaction (-0.17) and low working willingness (-0.10) are barriers for TPC implementation in village PHC sectors. The results of in-depth interviews reported barriers in all domains and enablers in four domains of CFIR. There were identified 19 CFIR constructs associated with TCP implementation, including 22 barriers such as HCWs’ heavy workload, and 12 enablers such as HCWs’ passion towards TCP planning.Conclusions With the guide of the CFIR framework, complex factors (barriers and enablers) of TCP implementation in PHC sectors of West China were explored, which provided important evidences to promote TB program in high TB burden regions. Further implementation studies to translate those factors into implementation strategies are urgent needed.
基金Fujian Provincial Education Department Project,China(No.JAS180414)Putian University Project,China(No.2018061)Fujian Provincial Social Science Project,China(No.FJ2017C008)
文摘Supervisor selection is important for research students in their future studies and careers.Currently,students rely on information search or friends recommendation to find potential research supervisors.However,due to the challenges of incomplete and asymmetric information,students can hardly find suitable supervisors that match their research interests as well as personalities.Existing methods mainly consider topic-relevance and candidate-quality,and overlook the significance of connectivity consideration and two-sided matching degree of individuals personality styles.It proposes a novel supervisor recommendation approach that integrates relevance,connectivity,quality and personality-matching dimensions.The results of user-based evaluations demonstrate that the proposed approach generates more satisfactory recommendations as compared to that of all baseline methods.The present solution has been implemented as a social network recommendation service on ScholarMate.
文摘Google Gemini 1.5 Flash scores were compared with ChatGPT 4o-mini on evaluations of(a)51 of the author’s journal articles and(b)up to 200 articles in each of 34 field-based Units of Assessment(UoAs)from the UK Research Excellence Framework(REF)2021.From(a),the results suggest that Gemini 1.5 Flash,unlike ChatGPT 4o-mini,may work better when fed with a PDF or article full text,rather than just the title and abstract.From(b),Gemini 1.5 Flash seems to be marginally less able to predict an article’s research quality(using a departmental quality proxy indicator)than ChatGPT 4o-mini,although the differences are small,and both have similar disciplinary variations in this ability.Averaging multiple runs of Gemini 1.5 Flash improves the scores.
基金funded by the Chongqing Water Resources Bureau,China(Project No.CQS24C00836).
文摘We proposes an AI-assisted framework for integrated natural disaster prevention and emergency response,leveraging the DeepSeek large language model(LLM)to advance intelligent decision-making in geohazard management.We systematically analyze the technical pathways for deploying LLMs in disaster scenarios,emphasizing three breakthrough directions:(1)knowledge graph-driven dynamic risk modeling,(2)reinforcement learning-optimized emergency decision systems,and(3)secure local deployment architectures.The DeepSeek model demonstrates unique advantages through its hybrid reasoning mechanism combining semantic analysis with geospatial pattern recognition,enabling cost-effective processing of multi-source data spanning historical disaster records,real-time IoT sensor feeds,and socio-environmental parameters.A modular system architecture is designed to achieve three critical objectives:(a)automated construction of domain-specific knowledge graphs through unsupervised learning of disaster physics relationships,(b)scenario-adaptive resource allocation using risk simulations,and(c)preserving emergency coordination via federated learning across distributed response nodes.The proposed local deployment paradigm addresses critical data security concerns in cross-border disaster management while complying with the FAIR principles(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable,Reusable)for geoscientific data governance.This work establishes a methodological foundation for next-generation AI-earth science convergence in disaster mitigation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation, No.40871255 The Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Nanjing University, No.2012CL14
文摘With the environmental deterioration caused by the advance of climate change, soil salinization is a serious and growing global problem. Currently about 7% of the world＇s land surface is threatened by salinization. China is a country whose soils are severely affected by this problem, which, due to its extensive area, and wide distribution poses a serious threat to regional agricultural development. In this review, we summarize the framework for soil salinization research in China over the past 70 years, assess the weaknesses of existing research in both a domestic and international context, highlight the trends and key findings of global research about saline soils over the past 30 years, and propose six major fields and directions for future research on saline soil.
文摘背景处方精简是一种识别和停用潜在不适当药物的循证实践,已被证实在减少药物不良反应和减轻治疗负担等方面具有重要价值。现有研究揭示了在临床实践中实施处方精简面临的阻碍和促进因素,但缺乏实施科学视角下综合、全面的归纳分析。目的本研究采用范围综述的方法,分析实施处方精简的阻碍因素和促进因素,为构建实施策略提供依据。方法系统检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、PubMed和Web of Science 4个文献数据库,检索时限为2000年1月—2024年9月,筛选处方精简实施影响因素的相关研究。由2名研究者独立采用预设的数据提取表格收集研究特征和实施因素等信息,并基于2022年更新版实施性研究综合框架(CFIR)分析实施处方精简的阻碍因素和促进因素。结果共纳入46项研究。促进因素包括:患者与医生对处方精简的积极态度,医疗团队的协作配合,良好的医患沟通,患者对处方精简的认知等。阻碍因素则包括:患者对处方精简的抵触态度,医疗机构之间缺乏有效协作,医患沟通时使用过多专业术语,患者对药物知识的缺乏等。结论处方精简的成功实施涉及多层次因素的综合影响,未来研究应基于特定场景下的促进因素和阻碍因素,精准匹配实施策略,从而为推动处方精简工作提出兼具针对性与可行性的方案。
