The development of flexible zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)faces a threeway trade-off among the ionic conductivity,Zn^(2+)mobility,and the electrochemical stability of hydrogel electrolytes.To address this challenge,we desig...The development of flexible zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)faces a threeway trade-off among the ionic conductivity,Zn^(2+)mobility,and the electrochemical stability of hydrogel electrolytes.To address this challenge,we designed a cationic hydrogel named PAPTMA to holistically improve the reversibility of ZIBs.The long cationic branch chains in the polymeric matrix construct express pathways for rapid Zn^(2+)transport through an ionic repulsion mechanism,achieving simultaneously high Zn^(2+)transference number(0.79)and high ionic conductivity(28.7 mS cm−1).Additionally,the reactivity of water in the PAPTMA hydrogels is significantly inhibited,thus possessing a strong resistance to parasitic reactions.Mechanical characterization further reveals the superior tensile and adhesion strength of PAPTMA.Leveraging these properties,symmetric batteries employing PAPTMA hydrogel deliver exceeding 6000 h of reversible cycling at 1 mA cm^(−2) and maintain stable operation for 1000 h with a discharge of depth of 71%.When applied in 4×4 cm2 pouch cells with MnO_(2) as the cathode material,the device demonstrates remarkable operational stability and mechanical robustness through 150 cycles.This work presents an eclectic strategy for designing advanced hydrogels that combine high ionic conductivity,enhanced Zn^(2+)mobility,and strong resistance to parasitic reactions,paving the way for long-lasting flexible ZIBs.展开更多
We put forward an enlightening view on repulsive force between antimatter:Antimatter repels each other,and the repulsive force is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of...We put forward an enlightening view on repulsive force between antimatter:Antimatter repels each other,and the repulsive force is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them;There is no gravitational or anti-gravitational interaction between antimatter and positive matter.As their applications,we explain the Big Bang process in a new light.展开更多
In this study,we investigate the ef-ficacy of a hybrid parallel algo-rithm aiming at enhancing the speed of evaluation of two-electron repulsion integrals(ERI)and Fock matrix generation on the Hygon C86/DCU(deep compu...In this study,we investigate the ef-ficacy of a hybrid parallel algo-rithm aiming at enhancing the speed of evaluation of two-electron repulsion integrals(ERI)and Fock matrix generation on the Hygon C86/DCU(deep computing unit)heterogeneous computing platform.Multiple hybrid parallel schemes are assessed using a range of model systems,including those with up to 1200 atoms and 10000 basis func-tions.The findings of our research reveal that,during Hartree-Fock(HF)calculations,a single DCU ex-hibits 33.6 speedups over 32 C86 CPU cores.Compared with the efficiency of Wuhan Electronic Structure Package on Intel X86 and NVIDIA A100 computing platform,the Hygon platform exhibits good cost-effective-ness,showing great potential in quantum chemistry calculation and other high-performance scientific computations.展开更多
The celebrated antiferromagnetic(AFM) phase transition was realized in a most recent optical lattice experiment for the 3D fermionic Hubbard model [Shao et al. Nature 632 267(2024)]. Despite this important progress, i...The celebrated antiferromagnetic(AFM) phase transition was realized in a most recent optical lattice experiment for the 3D fermionic Hubbard model [Shao et al. Nature 632 267(2024)]. Despite this important progress, it was observed that the AFM structure factor(and also the critical entropy) reaches its maximum at an interaction strength U/t■11.75, which is significantly larger than the theoretical prediction of U/t■8. Here,we resolve this discrepancy by studying the interplay between the thermal entropy, density disorder, and antiferromagnetism in the half-filled 3D Hubbard model, using numerically exact auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We have achieved an accurate entropy phase diagram, enabling us to simulate arbitrary entropy path on the temperature-interaction plane and track experimental parameters effectively. We find that above the discrepancy can be quantitatively explained by the entropy increase associated with increasing interaction strength in experiments, and together with the lattice density disorder present in the experimental setup. We further investigate the entropy dependence of double occupancy and predict universal behaviors that could serve as valuable probes in future optical lattice experiments.展开更多
In order to calculate the multipoles in real materials with considerable intersite Coulomb interaction V,we develop a self-consistent program which starts from the frst-principles calculations to solve the tight-bindi...In order to calculate the multipoles in real materials with considerable intersite Coulomb interaction V,we develop a self-consistent program which starts from the frst-principles calculations to solve the tight-binding Hamiltonian including onsite Coulomb repulsion U,V,and spin-orbital couplingλ.The program is applied to Ba_(2)MgReO_(6)to fgure out the mechanism of structural instability and magnetic ordering.A comprehensive quadrupole phase diagram versus U and V withλ=0.28 eV is calculated.Our results demonstrate that the easy-plane anisotropy and the intersite Coulomb repulsion V must be considered to remove the orbital frustration.The increase of V to>20 meV would arrange quadrupole Q_(x^(2)-y^(2))antiparallelly,accompanied by small parallel Q_(3z)^(2)-r^(2),and stabilize Ba_(2)MgReO_(6)into the body-centered tetragonal structure.Such antiparallel Q_(x^(2)-y^(2))provides a new mechanism for the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and gives rise to the canted antiferromagnetic(CAF)state along the[110]axis.Moreover,sizable octupoles such as O_(21)^(31),O_(21)^(33),O_(21)^(34)and O_(21)^(36)are discovered for the frst time in the CAF state.Our study not only provides a comprehensive understanding of the experimental results in Ba_(2)MgReO_(6),but also serves as a general and useful tool for the study of multipole physics in 5d compounds.展开更多
This paper deals with the problem of distributed formation tracking control and obstacle avoidance of multivehicle systems(MVSs)in complex obstacle-laden environments.The MVS under consideration consists of a leader v...This paper deals with the problem of distributed formation tracking control and obstacle avoidance of multivehicle systems(MVSs)in complex obstacle-laden environments.The MVS under consideration consists of a leader vehicle with an unknown control input and a group of follower vehicles,connected via a directed interaction topology,subject to simultaneous unknown heterogeneous nonlinearities and external disturbances.The central aim is to achieve effective and collisionfree formation tracking control for the nonlinear and uncertain MVS with obstacles encountered in formation maneuvering,while not demanding global information of the interaction topology.Toward this goal,a radial basis function neural network is used to model the unknown nonlinearity of vehicle dynamics in each vehicle and repulsive potentials are employed for obstacle avoidance.Furthermore,a scalable distributed adaptive formation tracking control protocol with a built-in obstacle avoidance mechanism is developed.It is proved that,with the proposed protocol,the resulting formation tracking errors are uniformly ultimately bounded and obstacle collision avoidance is guaranteed.Comprehensive simulation results are elaborated to substantiate the effectiveness and the promising collision avoidance performance of the proposed scalable adaptive formation control approach.展开更多
Nanoparticles with competitive interactions in solution can aggregate into complex structures. In this work, the synergistic self-assembles of binary particles with electrostatic and van der Waals interactions are stu...Nanoparticles with competitive interactions in solution can aggregate into complex structures. In this work, the synergistic self-assembles of binary particles with electrostatic and van der Waals interactions are studied with the particle Langevin dynamics simulation using a simple coarse-grained particle model. Various aggregations such as spherical, stacking-disk and tube structures are observed by varying the particles size and the interaction strength. The aggregation structures are explained with the packing theories of amphiphilic molecules in solution and dibolck copolymers in bulk. When the opposite ions are introduced into solution, the distribution of structures in the phase diagram appears an obvious offset. The simulation result is helpful to deeply understand the formation mechanism of complex nanostructures of multicomponent particles in solution.展开更多
Grain weight is a key determinant of grain yield in rice. Three sets of rice populations with overlapping segregating regions in isogenic backgrounds were established in the generations of BC2 F5, BC2 F6 and BC2 F7, d...Grain weight is a key determinant of grain yield in rice. Three sets of rice populations with overlapping segregating regions in isogenic backgrounds were established in the generations of BC2 F5, BC2 F6 and BC2 F7, derived from Zhenshan 97 and Milyang 46, and used for dissection of quantitative trait loci(QTL) for grain weight. Two QTL linked in repulsion phase on the long arm of chromosome 1 were separated. One was located between simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers RM11437 and RM11615, having a smaller additive effect with the enhancing allele from the maintainer line Zhenshan 97 and a partially dominant effect for increasing grain weight. The other was located between SSR markers RM11615 and RM11800, having a larger additive effect with the enhancing allele from the restorer line Milyang 46 and a partially dominant effect for increasing grain weight. When the two QTL segregated simultaneously, a residual additive effect with the enhancing allele from Milyang 46 and an over-dominance effect for increasing grain weight were detected. This suggests that dominant QTL linked in repulsion phase might play an important role in heterosis in rice. Our study also indicates that the use of populations with overlapping segregating regions in isogenic backgrounds is helpful for the dissection of minor linked QTL.展开更多
Even though switching in vacuum is a technology with almost 100 years of history,its recent develop-ments are still changing the future of power transmission and distribution systems.First,current switch-ing in vacuum...Even though switching in vacuum is a technology with almost 100 years of history,its recent develop-ments are still changing the future of power transmission and distribution systems.First,current switch-ing in vacuum is an eco-friendly technology compared to switching in SF 6 gas,which is the strongest greenhouse gas according to the Kyoto Protocol.Vacuum,an eco-friendly natural medium,is promising for reducing the usage of SF 6 gas in current switching in transmission voltage.Second,switching in vacuum achieves faster current interruption than existing alternating current(AC)switching technolo-gies.A vacuum circuit breaker(VCB)that uses an electromagnetic repulsion actuator is able to achieve a theoretical limit of AC interruption,which can interrupt a short-circuit current in the first half-cycle of a fault current,compared to the more common three cycles for existing current switching technologies.This can thus greatly enhance the transient stability of power networks in the presence of short-circuit faults,especially for ultra-and extra-high-voltage power transmission lines.Third,based on fast vacuum switching technology,various brilliant applications emerge,which are benefiting the power systems.They include the applications in the fields of direct current(DC)circuit breakers(CBs),fault current lim-iting,power quality improvement,generator CBs,and so forth.Fast vacuum switching technology is promising for controlled switching technology in power systems because it has low variation in terms of opening and closing times.With this controlled switching,vacuum switching technology may change the“gene”of power systems,by which power switching transients will become smoother.展开更多
This paper presents the interactions between two cold atmospheric plasma jets. By changing the experimental conditions including the gas flow rate, the applied voltage, the power supply frequency and the inter-electro...This paper presents the interactions between two cold atmospheric plasma jets. By changing the experimental conditions including the gas flow rate, the applied voltage, the power supply frequency and the inter-electrode distance d, three different interaction modes, attraction, repulsion and combination, were observed. It is shown that the interaction modes of the two jets are principally affected by the electrodes, the gas flow rate, the plasma jets and the power supply frequency.展开更多
We propose a new way of regulating protein adsorption by using a pH-responsive polymer. According to the the- oretical results obtained from the molecular theory and kinetic approaches, both thermodynamics and kinetic...We propose a new way of regulating protein adsorption by using a pH-responsive polymer. According to the the- oretical results obtained from the molecular theory and kinetic approaches, both thermodynamics and kinetics of protein adsorption are verified to be well controlled by the solution pH. The kinetics and the amount of adsorbed proteins at equi- librium are greatly increased when the solution environment changes from acid to neutral. The reason is that the increased pH promotes the dissociation of the weak polyelectrolyte, resulting in more charged monomers and more stretched chains. Thus the steric repulsion within the polymer layer is weakened, which effectively lowers the barrier felt by the protein during the process of adsorption. Interestingly, we also find that the kinetics of protein desorption is almost unchanged with the variation of pH. It is because although the barrier formed by the polymer layer changes along with the change of pH, the potential at contact with the surface varies equally. Our results may provide useful insights into controllable protein adsorption/desorption in practical applications.展开更多
To understand the mesoscopic mechanism of clayey soil in view of macroscopic behavior, it is essential to quantitatively calculate the electric double-layer repulsion between arbitrarily inclined clay particles.Howeve...To understand the mesoscopic mechanism of clayey soil in view of macroscopic behavior, it is essential to quantitatively calculate the electric double-layer repulsion between arbitrarily inclined clay particles.However, suitable calculation methods with high efficiency and accuracy are still rare at present in literature. Based on a great number of numerical calculations of the repulsion between two inclined platy clay particles, explicit empirical formulae for estimating electric double-layer repulsion between clay particles are put forward. Comparison between the empirical solutions and corresponding numerical results shows that the proposed formulae have a reasonable accuracy, and application of the presented formula is easy and efficient.展开更多
Free radical co-polymerization was employed to synthesize co-poly carboxylate (PC) su-perplasticizers with different amount of carboxyl and methyl polyethylene glycol (MPEG) side chain. Dispersion ability and retentio...Free radical co-polymerization was employed to synthesize co-poly carboxylate (PC) su-perplasticizers with different amount of carboxyl and methyl polyethylene glycol (MPEG) side chain. Dispersion ability and retention of PC were compared with one another. The results show that increase of side chain is advantageous to dispersion, but it decreases when amount of MPEG is beyond a certain value which is different with the proportion of carboxyl. If the amount of carboxyl increases, the influence of side chain in copolymer on dispersion diminishes. Polyether side chain is advantageous to retention. And the author explained the mechanism of PC using the theory of steric repulsive force.展开更多
High theoretical capacity and unique layered structures make MoS_(2)a promising lithium-ion battery anode material.However,the anisotropic ion transport in layered structures and the poor intrinsic conductivity of MoS...High theoretical capacity and unique layered structures make MoS_(2)a promising lithium-ion battery anode material.However,the anisotropic ion transport in layered structures and the poor intrinsic conductivity of MoS_(2)lead to unacceptable ion transport capability.Here,we propose in-situ construction of interlayer electrostatic repulsion caused by Co^(2+)substituting Mo^(4+)between MoS_(2)layers,which can break the limitation of interlayer van der Waals forces to fabricate monolayer MoS_(2),thus establishing isotropic ion transport paths.Simultaneously,the doped Co atoms change the electronic structure of monolayer MoS_(2),thus improving its intrinsic conductivity.Importantly,the doped Co atoms can be converted into Co nanoparticles to create a space charge region to accelerate ion transport.Hence,the Co-doped monolayer MoS_(2)shows ultrafast lithium ion transport capability in half/full cells.This work presents a novel route for the preparation of monolayer MoS_(2)and demonstrates its potential for application in fast-charging lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Surfactants are widely used to improve the solubility of oil in water in petrochemical,making it more difficult to remove oil–water emulsions during the water treatment process.Electrocoagulation(EC) is an appropriat...Surfactants are widely used to improve the solubility of oil in water in petrochemical,making it more difficult to remove oil–water emulsions during the water treatment process.Electrocoagulation(EC) is an appropriate method for treating oily wastewater and destabilizing emulsions. However, the demulsification mechanism of oil–water droplets emulsified by surfactants with different charges have not been investigated systematically. The demulsification performance of electrocoagulation on emulsions wastewater containing cationic,non-ionic, and anionic surfactants was studied. The results showed that the removal rate of total organic carbon(TOC) in oily wastewater with anionic surfactant by EC reached92.98% ± 0.40% at a current density of 1 mA/cm^(2), while that of the non-ionic surfactant was 84.88% ± 0.63%. The characterization of flocs showed that EC has the highest coagulation and demulsification of oil droplets with a negative charge on the surface(-70.50 ± 10.25mV), which indicated that the charge neutralization of oil droplets was beneficial for the destabilization of the formed oily flocs. However, when the zeta potential of the oil droplets reached 75.50 ± 1.25 mV, the TOC removal efficiency was only 11.80% ± 1.43%. The TOC removal could achieve 33.23% ± 3.21% when the current density improved from 1 mA/cm^(2)to 10 mA/cm^(2). The enhanced removal was due to the sweep coagulation rather than charge neutralization. This study provides a fundamental basis for the electrochemical treatment of oily wastewater.展开更多
基金financially supported by the General Research Fund(CityU 11315622 and CityU 11310123)National Natural Science Foundation(NSFC 52372229 and NSFC 52172241)+3 种基金Green Tech Fund(GTF202220105)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515011008)City University of Hong Kong(No.9020002)the Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong.
文摘The development of flexible zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)faces a threeway trade-off among the ionic conductivity,Zn^(2+)mobility,and the electrochemical stability of hydrogel electrolytes.To address this challenge,we designed a cationic hydrogel named PAPTMA to holistically improve the reversibility of ZIBs.The long cationic branch chains in the polymeric matrix construct express pathways for rapid Zn^(2+)transport through an ionic repulsion mechanism,achieving simultaneously high Zn^(2+)transference number(0.79)and high ionic conductivity(28.7 mS cm−1).Additionally,the reactivity of water in the PAPTMA hydrogels is significantly inhibited,thus possessing a strong resistance to parasitic reactions.Mechanical characterization further reveals the superior tensile and adhesion strength of PAPTMA.Leveraging these properties,symmetric batteries employing PAPTMA hydrogel deliver exceeding 6000 h of reversible cycling at 1 mA cm^(−2) and maintain stable operation for 1000 h with a discharge of depth of 71%.When applied in 4×4 cm2 pouch cells with MnO_(2) as the cathode material,the device demonstrates remarkable operational stability and mechanical robustness through 150 cycles.This work presents an eclectic strategy for designing advanced hydrogels that combine high ionic conductivity,enhanced Zn^(2+)mobility,and strong resistance to parasitic reactions,paving the way for long-lasting flexible ZIBs.
文摘We put forward an enlightening view on repulsive force between antimatter:Antimatter repels each other,and the repulsive force is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them;There is no gravitational or anti-gravitational interaction between antimatter and positive matter.As their applications,we explain the Big Bang process in a new light.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22373112 to Ji Qi,No.22373111 and 21921004 to Minghui Yang)GH-fund A(No.202107011790)。
文摘In this study,we investigate the ef-ficacy of a hybrid parallel algo-rithm aiming at enhancing the speed of evaluation of two-electron repulsion integrals(ERI)and Fock matrix generation on the Hygon C86/DCU(deep computing unit)heterogeneous computing platform.Multiple hybrid parallel schemes are assessed using a range of model systems,including those with up to 1200 atoms and 10000 basis func-tions.The findings of our research reveal that,during Hartree-Fock(HF)calculations,a single DCU ex-hibits 33.6 speedups over 32 C86 CPU cores.Compared with the efficiency of Wuhan Electronic Structure Package on Intel X86 and NVIDIA A100 computing platform,the Hygon platform exhibits good cost-effective-ness,showing great potential in quantum chemistry calculation and other high-performance scientific computations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12247103,12204377,12275263)the Quantum Science and Technology National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No.2021ZD0301900)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian province of China (Grant No.2023J02032)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities。
文摘The celebrated antiferromagnetic(AFM) phase transition was realized in a most recent optical lattice experiment for the 3D fermionic Hubbard model [Shao et al. Nature 632 267(2024)]. Despite this important progress, it was observed that the AFM structure factor(and also the critical entropy) reaches its maximum at an interaction strength U/t■11.75, which is significantly larger than the theoretical prediction of U/t■8. Here,we resolve this discrepancy by studying the interplay between the thermal entropy, density disorder, and antiferromagnetism in the half-filled 3D Hubbard model, using numerically exact auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We have achieved an accurate entropy phase diagram, enabling us to simulate arbitrary entropy path on the temperature-interaction plane and track experimental parameters effectively. We find that above the discrepancy can be quantitatively explained by the entropy increase associated with increasing interaction strength in experiments, and together with the lattice density disorder present in the experimental setup. We further investigate the entropy dependence of double occupancy and predict universal behaviors that could serve as valuable probes in future optical lattice experiments.
基金was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFA1611200 and 2018YFA0307000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274154 and 12404182)。
文摘In order to calculate the multipoles in real materials with considerable intersite Coulomb interaction V,we develop a self-consistent program which starts from the frst-principles calculations to solve the tight-binding Hamiltonian including onsite Coulomb repulsion U,V,and spin-orbital couplingλ.The program is applied to Ba_(2)MgReO_(6)to fgure out the mechanism of structural instability and magnetic ordering.A comprehensive quadrupole phase diagram versus U and V withλ=0.28 eV is calculated.Our results demonstrate that the easy-plane anisotropy and the intersite Coulomb repulsion V must be considered to remove the orbital frustration.The increase of V to>20 meV would arrange quadrupole Q_(x^(2)-y^(2))antiparallelly,accompanied by small parallel Q_(3z)^(2)-r^(2),and stabilize Ba_(2)MgReO_(6)into the body-centered tetragonal structure.Such antiparallel Q_(x^(2)-y^(2))provides a new mechanism for the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and gives rise to the canted antiferromagnetic(CAF)state along the[110]axis.Moreover,sizable octupoles such as O_(21)^(31),O_(21)^(33),O_(21)^(34)and O_(21)^(36)are discovered for the frst time in the CAF state.Our study not only provides a comprehensive understanding of the experimental results in Ba_(2)MgReO_(6),but also serves as a general and useful tool for the study of multipole physics in 5d compounds.
文摘This paper deals with the problem of distributed formation tracking control and obstacle avoidance of multivehicle systems(MVSs)in complex obstacle-laden environments.The MVS under consideration consists of a leader vehicle with an unknown control input and a group of follower vehicles,connected via a directed interaction topology,subject to simultaneous unknown heterogeneous nonlinearities and external disturbances.The central aim is to achieve effective and collisionfree formation tracking control for the nonlinear and uncertain MVS with obstacles encountered in formation maneuvering,while not demanding global information of the interaction topology.Toward this goal,a radial basis function neural network is used to model the unknown nonlinearity of vehicle dynamics in each vehicle and repulsive potentials are employed for obstacle avoidance.Furthermore,a scalable distributed adaptive formation tracking control protocol with a built-in obstacle avoidance mechanism is developed.It is proved that,with the proposed protocol,the resulting formation tracking errors are uniformly ultimately bounded and obstacle collision avoidance is guaranteed.Comprehensive simulation results are elaborated to substantiate the effectiveness and the promising collision avoidance performance of the proposed scalable adaptive formation control approach.
基金V. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The computer simulation is performed on the High Performance Computing Center of Tianjin University,China. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.21274107 and No.91127046）. We thank Prof. Bin Zhang, Rui Xu, Bo Du, and Dr. Zi-lu Wang in Tianjin University for helpful discussions.
文摘Nanoparticles with competitive interactions in solution can aggregate into complex structures. In this work, the synergistic self-assembles of binary particles with electrostatic and van der Waals interactions are studied with the particle Langevin dynamics simulation using a simple coarse-grained particle model. Various aggregations such as spherical, stacking-disk and tube structures are observed by varying the particles size and the interaction strength. The aggregation structures are explained with the packing theories of amphiphilic molecules in solution and dibolck copolymers in bulk. When the opposite ions are introduced into solution, the distribution of structures in the phase diagram appears an obvious offset. The simulation result is helpful to deeply understand the formation mechanism of complex nanostructures of multicomponent particles in solution.
基金funded in part by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program (2012AA101102)the Chinese Highyielding Transgenic Program (2011ZX08001-004)the Research Funding of the China National Rice Research Institute (2012RG002-3)
文摘Grain weight is a key determinant of grain yield in rice. Three sets of rice populations with overlapping segregating regions in isogenic backgrounds were established in the generations of BC2 F5, BC2 F6 and BC2 F7, derived from Zhenshan 97 and Milyang 46, and used for dissection of quantitative trait loci(QTL) for grain weight. Two QTL linked in repulsion phase on the long arm of chromosome 1 were separated. One was located between simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers RM11437 and RM11615, having a smaller additive effect with the enhancing allele from the maintainer line Zhenshan 97 and a partially dominant effect for increasing grain weight. The other was located between SSR markers RM11615 and RM11800, having a larger additive effect with the enhancing allele from the restorer line Milyang 46 and a partially dominant effect for increasing grain weight. When the two QTL segregated simultaneously, a residual additive effect with the enhancing allele from Milyang 46 and an over-dominance effect for increasing grain weight were detected. This suggests that dominant QTL linked in repulsion phase might play an important role in heterosis in rice. Our study also indicates that the use of populations with overlapping segregating regions in isogenic backgrounds is helpful for the dissection of minor linked QTL.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51937009 and 51877166)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2019ZDLGY18-04)
文摘Even though switching in vacuum is a technology with almost 100 years of history,its recent develop-ments are still changing the future of power transmission and distribution systems.First,current switch-ing in vacuum is an eco-friendly technology compared to switching in SF 6 gas,which is the strongest greenhouse gas according to the Kyoto Protocol.Vacuum,an eco-friendly natural medium,is promising for reducing the usage of SF 6 gas in current switching in transmission voltage.Second,switching in vacuum achieves faster current interruption than existing alternating current(AC)switching technolo-gies.A vacuum circuit breaker(VCB)that uses an electromagnetic repulsion actuator is able to achieve a theoretical limit of AC interruption,which can interrupt a short-circuit current in the first half-cycle of a fault current,compared to the more common three cycles for existing current switching technologies.This can thus greatly enhance the transient stability of power networks in the presence of short-circuit faults,especially for ultra-and extra-high-voltage power transmission lines.Third,based on fast vacuum switching technology,various brilliant applications emerge,which are benefiting the power systems.They include the applications in the fields of direct current(DC)circuit breakers(CBs),fault current lim-iting,power quality improvement,generator CBs,and so forth.Fast vacuum switching technology is promising for controlled switching technology in power systems because it has low variation in terms of opening and closing times.With this controlled switching,vacuum switching technology may change the“gene”of power systems,by which power switching transients will become smoother.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.50537020,50528707)
文摘This paper presents the interactions between two cold atmospheric plasma jets. By changing the experimental conditions including the gas flow rate, the applied voltage, the power supply frequency and the inter-electrode distance d, three different interaction modes, attraction, repulsion and combination, were observed. It is shown that the interaction modes of the two jets are principally affected by the electrodes, the gas flow rate, the plasma jets and the power supply frequency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21274062,11474155,and 91027040)
文摘We propose a new way of regulating protein adsorption by using a pH-responsive polymer. According to the the- oretical results obtained from the molecular theory and kinetic approaches, both thermodynamics and kinetics of protein adsorption are verified to be well controlled by the solution pH. The kinetics and the amount of adsorbed proteins at equi- librium are greatly increased when the solution environment changes from acid to neutral. The reason is that the increased pH promotes the dissociation of the weak polyelectrolyte, resulting in more charged monomers and more stretched chains. Thus the steric repulsion within the polymer layer is weakened, which effectively lowers the barrier felt by the protein during the process of adsorption. Interestingly, we also find that the kinetics of protein desorption is almost unchanged with the variation of pH. It is because although the barrier formed by the polymer layer changes along with the change of pH, the potential at contact with the surface varies equally. Our results may provide useful insights into controllable protein adsorption/desorption in practical applications.
基金the financial support from"The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"(Grant No.2017XKQY052)
文摘To understand the mesoscopic mechanism of clayey soil in view of macroscopic behavior, it is essential to quantitatively calculate the electric double-layer repulsion between arbitrarily inclined clay particles.However, suitable calculation methods with high efficiency and accuracy are still rare at present in literature. Based on a great number of numerical calculations of the repulsion between two inclined platy clay particles, explicit empirical formulae for estimating electric double-layer repulsion between clay particles are put forward. Comparison between the empirical solutions and corresponding numerical results shows that the proposed formulae have a reasonable accuracy, and application of the presented formula is easy and efficient.
文摘Free radical co-polymerization was employed to synthesize co-poly carboxylate (PC) su-perplasticizers with different amount of carboxyl and methyl polyethylene glycol (MPEG) side chain. Dispersion ability and retention of PC were compared with one another. The results show that increase of side chain is advantageous to dispersion, but it decreases when amount of MPEG is beyond a certain value which is different with the proportion of carboxyl. If the amount of carboxyl increases, the influence of side chain in copolymer on dispersion diminishes. Polyether side chain is advantageous to retention. And the author explained the mechanism of PC using the theory of steric repulsive force.
基金financially supported by Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage(No.ZDSYS20220401141000001)the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.R6005-20)。
文摘High theoretical capacity and unique layered structures make MoS_(2)a promising lithium-ion battery anode material.However,the anisotropic ion transport in layered structures and the poor intrinsic conductivity of MoS_(2)lead to unacceptable ion transport capability.Here,we propose in-situ construction of interlayer electrostatic repulsion caused by Co^(2+)substituting Mo^(4+)between MoS_(2)layers,which can break the limitation of interlayer van der Waals forces to fabricate monolayer MoS_(2),thus establishing isotropic ion transport paths.Simultaneously,the doped Co atoms change the electronic structure of monolayer MoS_(2),thus improving its intrinsic conductivity.Importantly,the doped Co atoms can be converted into Co nanoparticles to create a space charge region to accelerate ion transport.Hence,the Co-doped monolayer MoS_(2)shows ultrafast lithium ion transport capability in half/full cells.This work presents a novel route for the preparation of monolayer MoS_(2)and demonstrates its potential for application in fast-charging lithium-ion batteries.
基金the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2019YFC0408400)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52000174)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, CAS (No. ZDBS-LYDQC014)。
文摘Surfactants are widely used to improve the solubility of oil in water in petrochemical,making it more difficult to remove oil–water emulsions during the water treatment process.Electrocoagulation(EC) is an appropriate method for treating oily wastewater and destabilizing emulsions. However, the demulsification mechanism of oil–water droplets emulsified by surfactants with different charges have not been investigated systematically. The demulsification performance of electrocoagulation on emulsions wastewater containing cationic,non-ionic, and anionic surfactants was studied. The results showed that the removal rate of total organic carbon(TOC) in oily wastewater with anionic surfactant by EC reached92.98% ± 0.40% at a current density of 1 mA/cm^(2), while that of the non-ionic surfactant was 84.88% ± 0.63%. The characterization of flocs showed that EC has the highest coagulation and demulsification of oil droplets with a negative charge on the surface(-70.50 ± 10.25mV), which indicated that the charge neutralization of oil droplets was beneficial for the destabilization of the formed oily flocs. However, when the zeta potential of the oil droplets reached 75.50 ± 1.25 mV, the TOC removal efficiency was only 11.80% ± 1.43%. The TOC removal could achieve 33.23% ± 3.21% when the current density improved from 1 mA/cm^(2)to 10 mA/cm^(2). The enhanced removal was due to the sweep coagulation rather than charge neutralization. This study provides a fundamental basis for the electrochemical treatment of oily wastewater.
