The development of flexible zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)faces a threeway trade-off among the ionic conductivity,Zn^(2+)mobility,and the electrochemical stability of hydrogel electrolytes.To address this challenge,we desig...The development of flexible zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)faces a threeway trade-off among the ionic conductivity,Zn^(2+)mobility,and the electrochemical stability of hydrogel electrolytes.To address this challenge,we designed a cationic hydrogel named PAPTMA to holistically improve the reversibility of ZIBs.The long cationic branch chains in the polymeric matrix construct express pathways for rapid Zn^(2+)transport through an ionic repulsion mechanism,achieving simultaneously high Zn^(2+)transference number(0.79)and high ionic conductivity(28.7 mS cm−1).Additionally,the reactivity of water in the PAPTMA hydrogels is significantly inhibited,thus possessing a strong resistance to parasitic reactions.Mechanical characterization further reveals the superior tensile and adhesion strength of PAPTMA.Leveraging these properties,symmetric batteries employing PAPTMA hydrogel deliver exceeding 6000 h of reversible cycling at 1 mA cm^(−2) and maintain stable operation for 1000 h with a discharge of depth of 71%.When applied in 4×4 cm2 pouch cells with MnO_(2) as the cathode material,the device demonstrates remarkable operational stability and mechanical robustness through 150 cycles.This work presents an eclectic strategy for designing advanced hydrogels that combine high ionic conductivity,enhanced Zn^(2+)mobility,and strong resistance to parasitic reactions,paving the way for long-lasting flexible ZIBs.展开更多
In order to calculate the multipoles in real materials with considerable intersite Coulomb interaction V,we develop a self-consistent program which starts from the frst-principles calculations to solve the tight-bindi...In order to calculate the multipoles in real materials with considerable intersite Coulomb interaction V,we develop a self-consistent program which starts from the frst-principles calculations to solve the tight-binding Hamiltonian including onsite Coulomb repulsion U,V,and spin-orbital couplingλ.The program is applied to Ba_(2)MgReO_(6)to fgure out the mechanism of structural instability and magnetic ordering.A comprehensive quadrupole phase diagram versus U and V withλ=0.28 eV is calculated.Our results demonstrate that the easy-plane anisotropy and the intersite Coulomb repulsion V must be considered to remove the orbital frustration.The increase of V to>20 meV would arrange quadrupole Q_(x^(2)-y^(2))antiparallelly,accompanied by small parallel Q_(3z)^(2)-r^(2),and stabilize Ba_(2)MgReO_(6)into the body-centered tetragonal structure.Such antiparallel Q_(x^(2)-y^(2))provides a new mechanism for the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and gives rise to the canted antiferromagnetic(CAF)state along the[110]axis.Moreover,sizable octupoles such as O_(21)^(31),O_(21)^(33),O_(21)^(34)and O_(21)^(36)are discovered for the frst time in the CAF state.Our study not only provides a comprehensive understanding of the experimental results in Ba_(2)MgReO_(6),but also serves as a general and useful tool for the study of multipole physics in 5d compounds.展开更多
Grain weight is a key determinant of grain yield in rice. Three sets of rice populations with overlapping segregating regions in isogenic backgrounds were established in the generations of BC2 F5, BC2 F6 and BC2 F7, d...Grain weight is a key determinant of grain yield in rice. Three sets of rice populations with overlapping segregating regions in isogenic backgrounds were established in the generations of BC2 F5, BC2 F6 and BC2 F7, derived from Zhenshan 97 and Milyang 46, and used for dissection of quantitative trait loci(QTL) for grain weight. Two QTL linked in repulsion phase on the long arm of chromosome 1 were separated. One was located between simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers RM11437 and RM11615, having a smaller additive effect with the enhancing allele from the maintainer line Zhenshan 97 and a partially dominant effect for increasing grain weight. The other was located between SSR markers RM11615 and RM11800, having a larger additive effect with the enhancing allele from the restorer line Milyang 46 and a partially dominant effect for increasing grain weight. When the two QTL segregated simultaneously, a residual additive effect with the enhancing allele from Milyang 46 and an over-dominance effect for increasing grain weight were detected. This suggests that dominant QTL linked in repulsion phase might play an important role in heterosis in rice. Our study also indicates that the use of populations with overlapping segregating regions in isogenic backgrounds is helpful for the dissection of minor linked QTL.展开更多
To understand the mesoscopic mechanism of clayey soil in view of macroscopic behavior, it is essential to quantitatively calculate the electric double-layer repulsion between arbitrarily inclined clay particles.Howeve...To understand the mesoscopic mechanism of clayey soil in view of macroscopic behavior, it is essential to quantitatively calculate the electric double-layer repulsion between arbitrarily inclined clay particles.However, suitable calculation methods with high efficiency and accuracy are still rare at present in literature. Based on a great number of numerical calculations of the repulsion between two inclined platy clay particles, explicit empirical formulae for estimating electric double-layer repulsion between clay particles are put forward. Comparison between the empirical solutions and corresponding numerical results shows that the proposed formulae have a reasonable accuracy, and application of the presented formula is easy and efficient.展开更多
High theoretical capacity and unique layered structures make MoS_(2)a promising lithium-ion battery anode material.However,the anisotropic ion transport in layered structures and the poor intrinsic conductivity of MoS...High theoretical capacity and unique layered structures make MoS_(2)a promising lithium-ion battery anode material.However,the anisotropic ion transport in layered structures and the poor intrinsic conductivity of MoS_(2)lead to unacceptable ion transport capability.Here,we propose in-situ construction of interlayer electrostatic repulsion caused by Co^(2+)substituting Mo^(4+)between MoS_(2)layers,which can break the limitation of interlayer van der Waals forces to fabricate monolayer MoS_(2),thus establishing isotropic ion transport paths.Simultaneously,the doped Co atoms change the electronic structure of monolayer MoS_(2),thus improving its intrinsic conductivity.Importantly,the doped Co atoms can be converted into Co nanoparticles to create a space charge region to accelerate ion transport.Hence,the Co-doped monolayer MoS_(2)shows ultrafast lithium ion transport capability in half/full cells.This work presents a novel route for the preparation of monolayer MoS_(2)and demonstrates its potential for application in fast-charging lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
In the paper, density of states, band structure and electron density difference of Zn1-xCdxO are calculated by first principles, here x varies from 0 to 0.75 at intervals of 0.125, and the band gap obtained from band ...In the paper, density of states, band structure and electron density difference of Zn1-xCdxO are calculated by first principles, here x varies from 0 to 0.75 at intervals of 0.125, and the band gap obtained from band structure changes from 0.968 eV to 0.043 eV. The lattice strain and p-d repulsion theory are used to investigate variation of the band gap, the results obtained show that the variation is mainly due to the lattice tensile strain. The p-d repulsion in Zn1-xCdxO cannot be neglected. In addition, electron density difference can be used to verify the results.展开更多
It is known that there is a force of repulsion (or attraction) between two similar (or dissimilar) charges and the laws governing these forces are well established in electrostatics. However, the exact mechanism and t...It is known that there is a force of repulsion (or attraction) between two similar (or dissimilar) charges and the laws governing these forces are well established in electrostatics. However, the exact mechanism and the origin for these forces are not known. The purpose of this investigation, therefore, is to reveal these aspects in the light of the presence of vibrating strings and lines of fields created by the negative (or positive) charge. The present approach strongly suggests that the force of repulsion is originated between two charges due to fields synchronized with vibrating strings. The Gauss symmetry seems to play a crucial role in these aspects.展开更多
We deal with the boundedness of solutions to a class of fully parabolic quasilinear repulsion chemotaxis systems{ut=∇・(ϕ(u)∇u)+∇・(ψ(u)∇v),(x,t)∈Ω×(0,T),vt=Δv−v+u,(x,t)∈Ω×(0,T),under homogeneous Neumann...We deal with the boundedness of solutions to a class of fully parabolic quasilinear repulsion chemotaxis systems{ut=∇・(ϕ(u)∇u)+∇・(ψ(u)∇v),(x,t)∈Ω×(0,T),vt=Δv−v+u,(x,t)∈Ω×(0,T),under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a smooth bounded domainΩ⊂R^N(N≥3),where 0<ψ(u)≤K(u+1)^a,K1(s+1)^m≤ϕ(s)≤K2(s+1)^m withα,K,K1,K2>0 and m∈R.It is shown that ifα−m<4/N+2,then for any sufficiently smooth initial data,the classical solutions to the system are uniformly-in-time bounded.This extends the known result for the corresponding model with linear diffusion.展开更多
We consider the covalence characters of the 3d electron with the eg orbital freedoms and put forward a new mechanism of the orbital ordering （00） based on the direct coulomb repulsion in this article. The results sh...We consider the covalence characters of the 3d electron with the eg orbital freedoms and put forward a new mechanism of the orbital ordering （00） based on the direct coulomb repulsion in this article. The results show that the orbital-orbital interaction （OO-I） between the adjacent ions in 180-degree configuration is dominated by the superexchange energy accompanied by a weak orbital-spin coupling, and the OO-I in 90-degree configuration is monitored by the oxygen on-site coulomb repulsion. The ferro-OO is the stable ground state for the one-dimensional chain in the case of the 90-degree configuration.展开更多
A Rolling Centrifugal Repulsion force UFO Introduction: Any object that rolls along a straight line will generate a centrifugal repulsive force that is away from the body being rolled, it is rolling centrifugal repuls...A Rolling Centrifugal Repulsion force UFO Introduction: Any object that rolls along a straight line will generate a centrifugal repulsive force that is away from the body being rolled, it is rolling centrifugal repulsive force. Utilizing this phenomenon, rolling the round ring along the edge of the UFO's disk will produce a constant lift, and then use the electric wheel technology to set the ballast rock at the bottom of the UFO to change the position of the ballast stone at the bottom of the chamber. In order to change the position of the center of gravity of the UFO, the purpose of driving the UFO can be achieved.展开更多
In this paper, through the research of advantages and disadvantages of the particle swarm optimization algorithm, we get a new improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on repulsion radius and repulsive fac...In this paper, through the research of advantages and disadvantages of the particle swarm optimization algorithm, we get a new improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on repulsion radius and repulsive factor. And a lot of test function experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively overcome the PSO algorithm precocious defect. PSO has significant improvement.展开更多
Trapping of hydrogen ions released during sodium metal dissolution in a dilute aqueous Epsom solution in cavitation induced nanocrystals could bring about an easy path to controlled nuclear fusion. This type of fusion...Trapping of hydrogen ions released during sodium metal dissolution in a dilute aqueous Epsom solution in cavitation induced nanocrystals could bring about an easy path to controlled nuclear fusion. This type of fusion envisioning has the advantage of keeping the two protons and the electrons in the same vicinity, bonded in the same unit throughout the fusion process unlike the case in Sun. The electrostatic repulsive force between protons which has been a stumbling block so far in achieving a controlled fusion is now turned in its favor by exploiting the fascinating properties of water.展开更多
First, we develop a unitary process that can explain all four physical activations: electromagnetic wave, electromagnetic force, repulsion, and attraction. Second, it is clarified that cosmological and physical entiti...First, we develop a unitary process that can explain all four physical activations: electromagnetic wave, electromagnetic force, repulsion, and attraction. Second, it is clarified that cosmological and physical entities relate to different levels of existence in the universe and, hence, cannot be considered under the same paradigm. We know that biological entities use physical substances as executants;analogously, physical entities use cosmological substances as executants. Therefore, we have introduced new terms for the cosmological substances used as executants in physical activities. Third, this study introduces the primary elements of the cosmological world, such as visibility, forcibility, fullness, and hollowness, and defines them according to their attributes. This study explains how different combinations and placements of primary elements create different cosmological fields. These fields are used in all physical activations. Finally, we explain the entity model and how all physical activations occur. This study concludes that all physical activations use primary elements and follow the same universal law. Therefore, this study addresses the untouched subject of the creation of repulsion and attraction (gravitation). Furthermore, it addresses several cosmic mysteries that are yet to be resolved.展开更多
The phenomenon of electrical attraction and repulsion between charged particles is well known, and described mathematically by Coulomb’s Law, yet until now there has been no explanation for why this occurs. There has...The phenomenon of electrical attraction and repulsion between charged particles is well known, and described mathematically by Coulomb’s Law, yet until now there has been no explanation for why this occurs. There has been no mechanistic explanation that reveals what causes the charged particles to accelerate, either towards or away from each other. This paper gives a detailed explanation of the phenomena of electrical attraction and repulsion based on my previous work that determined the exact wave-function solutions for both the Electron and the Positron. It is revealed that the effects are caused by wave interactions between the wave functions that result in Electromagnetic reflections of parts of the particle’s wave functions, causing a change in their momenta.展开更多
The mechanics of Coulomb attraction and repulsion between charged particles are not currently understood but can be explained using a photon-pair aether. A spin-2 photon pair with no net E or B fields can freely penet...The mechanics of Coulomb attraction and repulsion between charged particles are not currently understood but can be explained using a photon-pair aether. A spin-2 photon pair with no net E or B fields can freely penetrate deep into matter. It may collide with a charged particle and be transformed through the interaction into a spin-0 photon pair. This outflow of spin-0 photon pairs forms a homogeneous (+E) or (−E) electrostatic field around the particle, depending on its charge. Charged particles in the vicinity of each other experience an asymmetry in the incoming field, from which attraction or repulsion arises. Repulsion or attraction is understood as the transfer of momentum from photons to particles, which results in the appearance of a force.展开更多
One of the fundamental principles of electrostatics is that an uncharged object will be attracted to a charged object through electrostatic induction as the two approaches one another.We refer to the charged object as...One of the fundamental principles of electrostatics is that an uncharged object will be attracted to a charged object through electrostatic induction as the two approaches one another.We refer to the charged object as a single electrode and examine the scenario where a positive voltage is applied.Because of electrostatic induction phenomenon,single-electrode electrostatics only generates electrostatic attraction forces.Here,we discover that single-electrode electrostatics can generate electrostatic repulsion forces and define this new phenomenon as single-electrode electrostatic repulsion phenomenon.We investigate the fundamental electrostatic phenomena,giving a curve of electrostatic force versus voltage and then defining 3 regions.Remote actuation and manipulation are essential technologies that are of enormous concern,with tweezers playing an important role.Various tweezers designed on the basis of external fields of optics,acoustics,and magnetism can be used for remote actuation and manipulation,but some inherent drawbacks still exist.Tweezers would benefit greatly from our discovery in electrostatics.On the basis of this discovery,we propose the concept of electrostatic tweezers,which can achieve noncontact and remote actuation and manipulation.Experimental characterizations and successful applications in metamaterials,robots,and manipulating objects demonstrated that electrostatic tweezers can produce large deformation rates(>6,000%),fast actuation(>100 Hz),and remote manipulating distance(~15 cm)and have the advantages of simple device structure,easy control,lightweight,no dielectric breakdown,and low cost.Our work may deepen people's understanding of single-electrode electrostatics and opens new opportunities for remote actuation and manipulation.展开更多
Seawater electrolysis is a highly promising method to produce high energy density hydrogen,especially in dry areas that have scarce freshwater sources.However,application of seawater electrolysis is confronted by two ...Seawater electrolysis is a highly promising method to produce high energy density hydrogen,especially in dry areas that have scarce freshwater sources.However,application of seawater electrolysis is confronted by two major problems associated with catalysts employed for the anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)including the competitive hypochlorite evolution reaction(HCER)and strong chloridion(Cl-)triggered corrosion.In studies aimed at overcoming these problems,a facile method has been developed to synthesize a homologous CoS_(2)heterojunction as an OER catalyst.Owing to a difference in work functions at the interface and increased electron density,this material has directed electron transfer and strong chloridion repulsion properties,respectively.Studies have shown that CoS_(2)achieves low overpotentials of 289 and 322 mV at 10 mA cm-2current density in respective alkaline(1 M KOH)and alkaline simulated seawater electrolytes.Moreover,the outstanding stability of CoS_(2)is reflected in a negligible decline in activity during promotion of the OER for 100 h.Results of density functional theory calculations reveal that the homologous CoS_(2)heterojunction promotes directed electron transport for optimizing adsorption/desorption of reactive species and heightens the Cl-adsorption energy for strongly repulsing Cl-,phenomena that enhance OER performance in alkaline simulated seawater.展开更多
The researches on confined polymer chain can date back to Cassasa’s work in the sixties. Recently, work in this field became more important. Apart from the obvious significance in basic science, the entropic repulsio...The researches on confined polymer chain can date back to Cassasa’s work in the sixties. Recently, work in this field became more important. Apart from the obvious significance in basic science, the entropic repulsion owing to its wide presence in macromolecules is very important in relation to many diverse processes such as GPC, colloid stability, flocculation stability of biological membranes, behaviours of polymers in pores, adhesion and lubrication. On the other hand, with the surface force展开更多
Reduction of adhesion and stiction is crucial for robust operation on nanomechanical and optofluidic devices as well as atom and molecule behaviour near surfaces.It can be achieved using electric charging,magnetic mat...Reduction of adhesion and stiction is crucial for robust operation on nanomechanical and optofluidic devices as well as atom and molecule behaviour near surfaces.It can be achieved using electric charging,magnetic materials or light pressure and optical trapping.Here we show that a particle scattering or emitting in close proximity to an anisotropic substrate can experience a repulsive force if one of the diagonal components of the permittivity tensor is close to zero.We derive an analytic condition for the existence of such repulsive force depending on the optical properties of the substrate.We also demonstrate the effect using realistic anisotropic metamaterial implementations of a substrate.The anisotropic metamaterial approach using metal–dielectric and graphene–dielectric multilayers provides a tuneable spectral range and a very broad bandwidth of electromagnetic repulsion forces,in contrast to isotropic substrates.展开更多
Gene therapy is capable of efficiently regulating the expression of abnormal genes in diseased tissues and expected to be a therapeutic option for refractory diseases.However,unidirectional targeting gene therapy is a...Gene therapy is capable of efficiently regulating the expression of abnormal genes in diseased tissues and expected to be a therapeutic option for refractory diseases.However,unidirectional targeting gene therapy is always desired at the tissue interface.In this study,inspired by the principle that like charges repulse each other,a positively charged micro-nano electrospun fibrous membrane with dual-layer structure was developed by electrospinning technology to achieve unidirectional delivery of siRNA-loaded cationic nanocarriers,thus realizing unidirectional gene therapy at the tendon-paratenon interface.Under the charge repulsion of positively charged layer,more cationic COX-2 siRNA nanocarriers were enriched in peritendinous tissue,which not only improved the bioavailability of the gene drug to prevent the peritendinous adhesion formation,but also avoided adverse effects on the fragile endogenous healing of tendon itself.In summary,this study provides an innovative strategy for unidirectional targeting gene therapy of tissue interface diseases by utilizing charge repulsion to facilitate unidirectional delivery of gene drugs.展开更多
基金financially supported by the General Research Fund(CityU 11315622 and CityU 11310123)National Natural Science Foundation(NSFC 52372229 and NSFC 52172241)+3 种基金Green Tech Fund(GTF202220105)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515011008)City University of Hong Kong(No.9020002)the Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong.
文摘The development of flexible zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)faces a threeway trade-off among the ionic conductivity,Zn^(2+)mobility,and the electrochemical stability of hydrogel electrolytes.To address this challenge,we designed a cationic hydrogel named PAPTMA to holistically improve the reversibility of ZIBs.The long cationic branch chains in the polymeric matrix construct express pathways for rapid Zn^(2+)transport through an ionic repulsion mechanism,achieving simultaneously high Zn^(2+)transference number(0.79)and high ionic conductivity(28.7 mS cm−1).Additionally,the reactivity of water in the PAPTMA hydrogels is significantly inhibited,thus possessing a strong resistance to parasitic reactions.Mechanical characterization further reveals the superior tensile and adhesion strength of PAPTMA.Leveraging these properties,symmetric batteries employing PAPTMA hydrogel deliver exceeding 6000 h of reversible cycling at 1 mA cm^(−2) and maintain stable operation for 1000 h with a discharge of depth of 71%.When applied in 4×4 cm2 pouch cells with MnO_(2) as the cathode material,the device demonstrates remarkable operational stability and mechanical robustness through 150 cycles.This work presents an eclectic strategy for designing advanced hydrogels that combine high ionic conductivity,enhanced Zn^(2+)mobility,and strong resistance to parasitic reactions,paving the way for long-lasting flexible ZIBs.
基金was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFA1611200 and 2018YFA0307000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274154 and 12404182)。
文摘In order to calculate the multipoles in real materials with considerable intersite Coulomb interaction V,we develop a self-consistent program which starts from the frst-principles calculations to solve the tight-binding Hamiltonian including onsite Coulomb repulsion U,V,and spin-orbital couplingλ.The program is applied to Ba_(2)MgReO_(6)to fgure out the mechanism of structural instability and magnetic ordering.A comprehensive quadrupole phase diagram versus U and V withλ=0.28 eV is calculated.Our results demonstrate that the easy-plane anisotropy and the intersite Coulomb repulsion V must be considered to remove the orbital frustration.The increase of V to>20 meV would arrange quadrupole Q_(x^(2)-y^(2))antiparallelly,accompanied by small parallel Q_(3z)^(2)-r^(2),and stabilize Ba_(2)MgReO_(6)into the body-centered tetragonal structure.Such antiparallel Q_(x^(2)-y^(2))provides a new mechanism for the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction and gives rise to the canted antiferromagnetic(CAF)state along the[110]axis.Moreover,sizable octupoles such as O_(21)^(31),O_(21)^(33),O_(21)^(34)and O_(21)^(36)are discovered for the frst time in the CAF state.Our study not only provides a comprehensive understanding of the experimental results in Ba_(2)MgReO_(6),but also serves as a general and useful tool for the study of multipole physics in 5d compounds.
基金funded in part by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program (2012AA101102)the Chinese Highyielding Transgenic Program (2011ZX08001-004)the Research Funding of the China National Rice Research Institute (2012RG002-3)
文摘Grain weight is a key determinant of grain yield in rice. Three sets of rice populations with overlapping segregating regions in isogenic backgrounds were established in the generations of BC2 F5, BC2 F6 and BC2 F7, derived from Zhenshan 97 and Milyang 46, and used for dissection of quantitative trait loci(QTL) for grain weight. Two QTL linked in repulsion phase on the long arm of chromosome 1 were separated. One was located between simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers RM11437 and RM11615, having a smaller additive effect with the enhancing allele from the maintainer line Zhenshan 97 and a partially dominant effect for increasing grain weight. The other was located between SSR markers RM11615 and RM11800, having a larger additive effect with the enhancing allele from the restorer line Milyang 46 and a partially dominant effect for increasing grain weight. When the two QTL segregated simultaneously, a residual additive effect with the enhancing allele from Milyang 46 and an over-dominance effect for increasing grain weight were detected. This suggests that dominant QTL linked in repulsion phase might play an important role in heterosis in rice. Our study also indicates that the use of populations with overlapping segregating regions in isogenic backgrounds is helpful for the dissection of minor linked QTL.
基金the financial support from"The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"(Grant No.2017XKQY052)
文摘To understand the mesoscopic mechanism of clayey soil in view of macroscopic behavior, it is essential to quantitatively calculate the electric double-layer repulsion between arbitrarily inclined clay particles.However, suitable calculation methods with high efficiency and accuracy are still rare at present in literature. Based on a great number of numerical calculations of the repulsion between two inclined platy clay particles, explicit empirical formulae for estimating electric double-layer repulsion between clay particles are put forward. Comparison between the empirical solutions and corresponding numerical results shows that the proposed formulae have a reasonable accuracy, and application of the presented formula is easy and efficient.
基金financially supported by Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage(No.ZDSYS20220401141000001)the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China(Project No.R6005-20)。
文摘High theoretical capacity and unique layered structures make MoS_(2)a promising lithium-ion battery anode material.However,the anisotropic ion transport in layered structures and the poor intrinsic conductivity of MoS_(2)lead to unacceptable ion transport capability.Here,we propose in-situ construction of interlayer electrostatic repulsion caused by Co^(2+)substituting Mo^(4+)between MoS_(2)layers,which can break the limitation of interlayer van der Waals forces to fabricate monolayer MoS_(2),thus establishing isotropic ion transport paths.Simultaneously,the doped Co atoms change the electronic structure of monolayer MoS_(2),thus improving its intrinsic conductivity.Importantly,the doped Co atoms can be converted into Co nanoparticles to create a space charge region to accelerate ion transport.Hence,the Co-doped monolayer MoS_(2)shows ultrafast lithium ion transport capability in half/full cells.This work presents a novel route for the preparation of monolayer MoS_(2)and demonstrates its potential for application in fast-charging lithium-ion batteries.
文摘In the paper, density of states, band structure and electron density difference of Zn1-xCdxO are calculated by first principles, here x varies from 0 to 0.75 at intervals of 0.125, and the band gap obtained from band structure changes from 0.968 eV to 0.043 eV. The lattice strain and p-d repulsion theory are used to investigate variation of the band gap, the results obtained show that the variation is mainly due to the lattice tensile strain. The p-d repulsion in Zn1-xCdxO cannot be neglected. In addition, electron density difference can be used to verify the results.
文摘It is known that there is a force of repulsion (or attraction) between two similar (or dissimilar) charges and the laws governing these forces are well established in electrostatics. However, the exact mechanism and the origin for these forces are not known. The purpose of this investigation, therefore, is to reveal these aspects in the light of the presence of vibrating strings and lines of fields created by the negative (or positive) charge. The present approach strongly suggests that the force of repulsion is originated between two charges due to fields synchronized with vibrating strings. The Gauss symmetry seems to play a crucial role in these aspects.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11601140,11401082,11701260)Program funded by Education Department of Liaoning Province(Grant No.LN2019Q15).
文摘We deal with the boundedness of solutions to a class of fully parabolic quasilinear repulsion chemotaxis systems{ut=∇・(ϕ(u)∇u)+∇・(ψ(u)∇v),(x,t)∈Ω×(0,T),vt=Δv−v+u,(x,t)∈Ω×(0,T),under homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a smooth bounded domainΩ⊂R^N(N≥3),where 0<ψ(u)≤K(u+1)^a,K1(s+1)^m≤ϕ(s)≤K2(s+1)^m withα,K,K1,K2>0 and m∈R.It is shown that ifα−m<4/N+2,then for any sufficiently smooth initial data,the classical solutions to the system are uniformly-in-time bounded.This extends the known result for the corresponding model with linear diffusion.
文摘We consider the covalence characters of the 3d electron with the eg orbital freedoms and put forward a new mechanism of the orbital ordering （00） based on the direct coulomb repulsion in this article. The results show that the orbital-orbital interaction （OO-I） between the adjacent ions in 180-degree configuration is dominated by the superexchange energy accompanied by a weak orbital-spin coupling, and the OO-I in 90-degree configuration is monitored by the oxygen on-site coulomb repulsion. The ferro-OO is the stable ground state for the one-dimensional chain in the case of the 90-degree configuration.
文摘A Rolling Centrifugal Repulsion force UFO Introduction: Any object that rolls along a straight line will generate a centrifugal repulsive force that is away from the body being rolled, it is rolling centrifugal repulsive force. Utilizing this phenomenon, rolling the round ring along the edge of the UFO's disk will produce a constant lift, and then use the electric wheel technology to set the ballast rock at the bottom of the UFO to change the position of the ballast stone at the bottom of the chamber. In order to change the position of the center of gravity of the UFO, the purpose of driving the UFO can be achieved.
文摘In this paper, through the research of advantages and disadvantages of the particle swarm optimization algorithm, we get a new improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on repulsion radius and repulsive factor. And a lot of test function experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively overcome the PSO algorithm precocious defect. PSO has significant improvement.
文摘Trapping of hydrogen ions released during sodium metal dissolution in a dilute aqueous Epsom solution in cavitation induced nanocrystals could bring about an easy path to controlled nuclear fusion. This type of fusion envisioning has the advantage of keeping the two protons and the electrons in the same vicinity, bonded in the same unit throughout the fusion process unlike the case in Sun. The electrostatic repulsive force between protons which has been a stumbling block so far in achieving a controlled fusion is now turned in its favor by exploiting the fascinating properties of water.
文摘First, we develop a unitary process that can explain all four physical activations: electromagnetic wave, electromagnetic force, repulsion, and attraction. Second, it is clarified that cosmological and physical entities relate to different levels of existence in the universe and, hence, cannot be considered under the same paradigm. We know that biological entities use physical substances as executants;analogously, physical entities use cosmological substances as executants. Therefore, we have introduced new terms for the cosmological substances used as executants in physical activities. Third, this study introduces the primary elements of the cosmological world, such as visibility, forcibility, fullness, and hollowness, and defines them according to their attributes. This study explains how different combinations and placements of primary elements create different cosmological fields. These fields are used in all physical activations. Finally, we explain the entity model and how all physical activations occur. This study concludes that all physical activations use primary elements and follow the same universal law. Therefore, this study addresses the untouched subject of the creation of repulsion and attraction (gravitation). Furthermore, it addresses several cosmic mysteries that are yet to be resolved.
文摘The phenomenon of electrical attraction and repulsion between charged particles is well known, and described mathematically by Coulomb’s Law, yet until now there has been no explanation for why this occurs. There has been no mechanistic explanation that reveals what causes the charged particles to accelerate, either towards or away from each other. This paper gives a detailed explanation of the phenomena of electrical attraction and repulsion based on my previous work that determined the exact wave-function solutions for both the Electron and the Positron. It is revealed that the effects are caused by wave interactions between the wave functions that result in Electromagnetic reflections of parts of the particle’s wave functions, causing a change in their momenta.
文摘The mechanics of Coulomb attraction and repulsion between charged particles are not currently understood but can be explained using a photon-pair aether. A spin-2 photon pair with no net E or B fields can freely penetrate deep into matter. It may collide with a charged particle and be transformed through the interaction into a spin-0 photon pair. This outflow of spin-0 photon pairs forms a homogeneous (+E) or (−E) electrostatic field around the particle, depending on its charge. Charged particles in the vicinity of each other experience an asymmetry in the incoming field, from which attraction or repulsion arises. Repulsion or attraction is understood as the transfer of momentum from photons to particles, which results in the appearance of a force.
基金supported by International Cooperation Program of the Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no.52261135542(to J.Z.)National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no.52305074(to W.T.)+2 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no.LD22E050002(to J.Z.)China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents under grant no.BX20220267(to W.T.)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under grant no.2023M733066(to W.T.).
文摘One of the fundamental principles of electrostatics is that an uncharged object will be attracted to a charged object through electrostatic induction as the two approaches one another.We refer to the charged object as a single electrode and examine the scenario where a positive voltage is applied.Because of electrostatic induction phenomenon,single-electrode electrostatics only generates electrostatic attraction forces.Here,we discover that single-electrode electrostatics can generate electrostatic repulsion forces and define this new phenomenon as single-electrode electrostatic repulsion phenomenon.We investigate the fundamental electrostatic phenomena,giving a curve of electrostatic force versus voltage and then defining 3 regions.Remote actuation and manipulation are essential technologies that are of enormous concern,with tweezers playing an important role.Various tweezers designed on the basis of external fields of optics,acoustics,and magnetism can be used for remote actuation and manipulation,but some inherent drawbacks still exist.Tweezers would benefit greatly from our discovery in electrostatics.On the basis of this discovery,we propose the concept of electrostatic tweezers,which can achieve noncontact and remote actuation and manipulation.Experimental characterizations and successful applications in metamaterials,robots,and manipulating objects demonstrated that electrostatic tweezers can produce large deformation rates(>6,000%),fast actuation(>100 Hz),and remote manipulating distance(~15 cm)and have the advantages of simple device structure,easy control,lightweight,no dielectric breakdown,and low cost.Our work may deepen people's understanding of single-electrode electrostatics and opens new opportunities for remote actuation and manipulation.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3805600,2022YFB3805604)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(2023CXGC010314)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52201286,22293020)the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2024AFB195)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M732722)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515011905,2024A1515012613)the Technology Innovation Program of Hubei Province(2023BIB018)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(24qnpy217)。
文摘Seawater electrolysis is a highly promising method to produce high energy density hydrogen,especially in dry areas that have scarce freshwater sources.However,application of seawater electrolysis is confronted by two major problems associated with catalysts employed for the anodic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)including the competitive hypochlorite evolution reaction(HCER)and strong chloridion(Cl-)triggered corrosion.In studies aimed at overcoming these problems,a facile method has been developed to synthesize a homologous CoS_(2)heterojunction as an OER catalyst.Owing to a difference in work functions at the interface and increased electron density,this material has directed electron transfer and strong chloridion repulsion properties,respectively.Studies have shown that CoS_(2)achieves low overpotentials of 289 and 322 mV at 10 mA cm-2current density in respective alkaline(1 M KOH)and alkaline simulated seawater electrolytes.Moreover,the outstanding stability of CoS_(2)is reflected in a negligible decline in activity during promotion of the OER for 100 h.Results of density functional theory calculations reveal that the homologous CoS_(2)heterojunction promotes directed electron transport for optimizing adsorption/desorption of reactive species and heightens the Cl-adsorption energy for strongly repulsing Cl-,phenomena that enhance OER performance in alkaline simulated seawater.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The researches on confined polymer chain can date back to Cassasa’s work in the sixties. Recently, work in this field became more important. Apart from the obvious significance in basic science, the entropic repulsion owing to its wide presence in macromolecules is very important in relation to many diverse processes such as GPC, colloid stability, flocculation stability of biological membranes, behaviours of polymers in pores, adhesion and lubrication. On the other hand, with the surface force
基金supported,in part,by EPSRC(UK)and the ERC iPLASMM project(321268)the support from the Royal Society and the Wolfson Foundation.
文摘Reduction of adhesion and stiction is crucial for robust operation on nanomechanical and optofluidic devices as well as atom and molecule behaviour near surfaces.It can be achieved using electric charging,magnetic materials or light pressure and optical trapping.Here we show that a particle scattering or emitting in close proximity to an anisotropic substrate can experience a repulsive force if one of the diagonal components of the permittivity tensor is close to zero.We derive an analytic condition for the existence of such repulsive force depending on the optical properties of the substrate.We also demonstrate the effect using realistic anisotropic metamaterial implementations of a substrate.The anisotropic metamaterial approach using metal–dielectric and graphene–dielectric multilayers provides a tuneable spectral range and a very broad bandwidth of electromagnetic repulsion forces,in contrast to isotropic substrates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82172408 and 81902234)Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical College“Two-hundred Talent”Program (No.20191829)+1 种基金Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader (22XD1422600)Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (Grant No.2022YQ073).
文摘Gene therapy is capable of efficiently regulating the expression of abnormal genes in diseased tissues and expected to be a therapeutic option for refractory diseases.However,unidirectional targeting gene therapy is always desired at the tissue interface.In this study,inspired by the principle that like charges repulse each other,a positively charged micro-nano electrospun fibrous membrane with dual-layer structure was developed by electrospinning technology to achieve unidirectional delivery of siRNA-loaded cationic nanocarriers,thus realizing unidirectional gene therapy at the tendon-paratenon interface.Under the charge repulsion of positively charged layer,more cationic COX-2 siRNA nanocarriers were enriched in peritendinous tissue,which not only improved the bioavailability of the gene drug to prevent the peritendinous adhesion formation,but also avoided adverse effects on the fragile endogenous healing of tendon itself.In summary,this study provides an innovative strategy for unidirectional targeting gene therapy of tissue interface diseases by utilizing charge repulsion to facilitate unidirectional delivery of gene drugs.
