Aim:The effect of a renewed SS-cream(RSSC)on the treatment of premature ejaculation(PE)was evaluated and compared with the original SS-cream(OSSC).Methods:Sixty male white New Zealand rabbits,weighing 2.5kg-3.0 kg,wer...Aim:The effect of a renewed SS-cream(RSSC)on the treatment of premature ejaculation(PE)was evaluated and compared with the original SS-cream(OSSC).Methods:Sixty male white New Zealand rabbits,weighing 2.5kg-3.0 kg,were divided at random into 3 groups:the RSSC,OSSC and placebo groups.The spinal somatosensory evoked potential(SSEP)elicited by electric stimulation of the glans penis with disk electrode was investigated with an electrophysiograph(Poseidomn,Shanghai,China)before and 10,30 and 60 min after drug or placebo application on the glans.The Onset and the N1 latencies and the amplitude of SSEP were recorded and analyzed.Results:There was no significant difference(P>0.05)in the mean Onset and Nl latency of SSEP among the 3 groups before drug application.Compared with the pre-application value,the mean Onset and Nl latencies in the RSSC and OSSC groups were significantly prolonged at 10,30 and 60 min after treatment(P<0.05),while they were not significantly changed(P>0.05)in the placebo group.The mean Onset latency of RSSC at 10 and 30 min and that of OSSC at 30 min were significantly delayed(P<0.05)compared with the placebo group.The mean Nl latency of RSSC at 30 and 60 min and that of OSSC group at 30 min were also significantly delayed(P<0.05).Conclusion:RSSC delays the latencies of SSEP,suggesting a local desensitizing effect on the sensory receptor of the glans penis dorsal nerve,which provides the potential for PE treatment.The desensitizing effect of RSSC is higher than that of OSSC.展开更多
On Oct.17,CAFIU and Fredrich-Ebert-Foundation(FES)of Germany renewed the Memorandum of Understanding(MOU)on Cooperation in Beijing Diaoyutai Grand Hotel.Mr.Li Jinjun,ViceMinister of the International Department of CPC...On Oct.17,CAFIU and Fredrich-Ebert-Foundation(FES)of Germany renewed the Memorandum of Understanding(MOU)on Cooperation in Beijing Diaoyutai Grand Hotel.Mr.Li Jinjun,ViceMinister of the International Department of CPC Central Committee and Executive Vice-President of CAFIU and Mr.Kurt Beck,President of展开更多
Chinese People's Liberation Army,launched its new round of uniforms change. Besides snazzy clothes and lavish exhibitions,the military wear is always related to war either in the past,now or in the future. Could P...Chinese People's Liberation Army,launched its new round of uniforms change. Besides snazzy clothes and lavish exhibitions,the military wear is always related to war either in the past,now or in the future. Could PLA new dress mean a lot more…?展开更多
Tongzhou District,Beijing.In early spring,the air here carries the faint scent of thawing earth rather than the smell of chemical residue that once defined this place.Where the Oriental Chemical Plant billowed smoke f...Tongzhou District,Beijing.In early spring,the air here carries the faint scent of thawing earth rather than the smell of chemical residue that once defined this place.Where the Oriental Chemical Plant billowed smoke for decades,a new kind of energy now flows—silent,invisible and drawn from deep beneath the ground.展开更多
T his summer,the central dance floor of New York’s Lincoln Center came alive as thousands of audience members moved to the rhythm of Da Zhan Hong Tu(Blueprint Supreme).The song's performer,young rapper Chen Xukai...T his summer,the central dance floor of New York’s Lincoln Center came alive as thousands of audience members moved to the rhythm of Da Zhan Hong Tu(Blueprint Supreme).The song's performer,young rapper Chen Xukai,also known by his stage names Lan Lao and SKAI ISYOURGOD,is from China's Guangdong Province,and had more than 3 million listeners this July on Spotify,the global streaming giant.展开更多
The rapid growth in available network bandwidth has directly contributed to an exponential increase in mobile data traffic,creating significant challenges for network energy consumption.Also,with the extraordinary gro...The rapid growth in available network bandwidth has directly contributed to an exponential increase in mobile data traffic,creating significant challenges for network energy consumption.Also,with the extraordinary growth of mobile communications,the data traffic has dramatically expanded,which has led to massive grid power consumption and incurred high operating expenditure(OPEX).However,the majority of current network designs struggle to efficientlymanage a massive amount of data using little power,which degrades energy efficiency performance.Thereby,it is necessary to have an efficient mechanism to reduce power consumption when processing large amounts of data in network data centers.Utilizing renewable energy sources to power the Cloud Radio Access Network(C-RAN)greatly reduces the need to purchase energy from the utility grid.In this paper,we propose a bandwidth-aware hybrid energypowered C-RAN that focuses on throughput and energy efficiency(EE)by lowering grid usage,aiming to enhance the EE.This paper examines the energy efficiency,spectral efficiency(SE),and average on-grid energy consumption,dealing with the major challenges of the temporal and spatial nature of traffic and renewable energy generation across various network setups.To assess the effectiveness of the suggested network by changing the transmission bandwidth,a comprehensive simulation has been conducted.The numerical findings support the efficacy of the suggested approach.展开更多
Photoreforming is an emerging photocatalytic process that converts organic waste into hydrogen H2 using solar energy,offering a dual solution for waste valorization and sustainable fuel production.This review comprehe...Photoreforming is an emerging photocatalytic process that converts organic waste into hydrogen H2 using solar energy,offering a dual solution for waste valorization and sustainable fuel production.This review comprehensively examines the fundamental mechanisms of photoreforming,emphasizing the critical role of photocatalyst design in optimizing hydrogen evolution.Key criteria for effective photocatalysts including suitable band edge positions,broad spectrum solar absorption,and photostability are systematically analyzed alongside advances in heterojunction engineering and defect modulation.The review further explores diverse waste-derived feedstocks,such as biomass:alcohols,saccharides,lignin and plastics:PET,PLA,polyolefins,highlighting substrate,specific challenges and pretreatment strategies.Despite progress,challenges like catalyst deactivation,limited visible-light utilization,and scalability persist.Future directions advocate for robust photocatalyst engineering,mechanistic insights into charge dynamics,and scalable reactor designs to realize photoreforming’s potential as a sustainable hydrogen production technology.展开更多
Driven by the global energy transition and carbon neutrality targets,alkaline water electrolysis has emerged as a key technology for coupling variable renewable generation with clean hydrogen production,offering consi...Driven by the global energy transition and carbon neutrality targets,alkaline water electrolysis has emerged as a key technology for coupling variable renewable generation with clean hydrogen production,offering considerable potential for absorbing surplus power and enhancing grid flexibility.However,conventional control architectures typically treat the power converter and electrolyzer as independent units,neglecting their dynamic interactions and thereby limiting overall system performance under practical operating conditions.This review critically examines existing control approaches,ranging from classical proportional-integral schemes to model predictive control,fuzzy-logic algorithms,and data-driven methods,evaluating their effectiveness in managing dynamic response,multivariable coupling,and operational constraints as well as their inherent limitations.Attention is then focused on the performance requirements of the hydrogen-production converter,including current ripple suppression,rapid transient response,adaptive thermal regulation,and stable power delivery.An integrated co‑control framework is proposed,aligning converter output with electrolyzer demand across steady-state operation,variable renewable input,and emergency shutdown scenarios to achieve higher efficiency,extended equipment lifetime,and enhanced operational safety.Finally,prospects for advancing unified control methodologies are outlined,with emphasis on constraint-aware predictive control,machine-learning-enhanced modeling,and real‑time co‑optimization for future alkaline electrolyzer systems.展开更多
Data center industries have been facing huge energy challenges due to escalating power consumption and associated carbon emissions.In the context of carbon neutrality,the integration of data centers with renewable ene...Data center industries have been facing huge energy challenges due to escalating power consumption and associated carbon emissions.In the context of carbon neutrality,the integration of data centers with renewable energy has become a prevailing trend.To advance the renewable energy integration in data centers,it is imperative to thoroughly explore the data centers’operational flexibility.Computing workloads and refrigeration systems are recognized as two promising flexible resources for power regulationwithin data centermicro-grids.This paper identifies and categorizes delay-tolerant computing workloads into three types(long-running non-interruptible,long-running interruptible,and short-running)and develops mathematical time-shifting models for each.Additionally,this paper examines the thermal dynamics of the computer room and derives a time-varying temperature model coupled to refrigeration power.Building on these models,this paper proposes a two-stage,multi-time scale optimization scheduling framework that jointly coordinates computing workloads time-shift in day-ahead scheduling and refrigeration power control in intra-day dispatch to mitigate renewable variability.A case study demonstrates that the framework effectively enhances the renewable-energy utilization,improves the operational economy of the data center microgrid,and mitigates the impact of renewable power uncertainty.The results highlight the potential of coordinated computing workloads and thermal system flexibility to support greener,more cost-effective data center operation.展开更多
The long-standing use of portable toilet cubicles by residents of Shanghai’s narrow,labyrinthine alleys came to an end in September 2025 after the city largely finished building public toilets to make up their lack o...The long-standing use of portable toilet cubicles by residents of Shanghai’s narrow,labyrinthine alleys came to an end in September 2025 after the city largely finished building public toilets to make up their lack of sanitation facilities.The project,targeting 14,082 households,started last year.展开更多
Corn starch(CS)is a renewable,biodegradable polysaccharide valued for its film-forming ability,yet native CS films exhibit lowmechanical strength,highwater sensitivity,and limited thermal stability.This study improves...Corn starch(CS)is a renewable,biodegradable polysaccharide valued for its film-forming ability,yet native CS films exhibit lowmechanical strength,highwater sensitivity,and limited thermal stability.This study improves CS-based films by blending with poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)or glycerol(GLY)and using citric acid(CA)as a green,non-toxic cross-linker.Composite films were prepared by casting CS–PVA or CS-GLY with CA at 0%-0.20%(w/w of starch).The influence of CA on physicochemical,mechanical,optical,thermal,and water barrier properties was evaluated.CA crosslinking markedly enhanced the tensile strength,water resistance,and thermal stability of CS-PVA films while increasing transparency in CS–GLY films.At 0.20%CA,the composite achieved 34.99MPa tensile strength,reducedwater vapor permeability,andminimized water uptake.FTIR confirmed ester bond formation between CAand hydroxyl groups of CS,PVA,and GLY,whereas thermal analysis showed higher decomposition temperatures and lower weight loss in crosslinked films.Increasing CA levels also decreased opacity and improved light transmittance,indicating greater homogeneity and reduced crystallinity.This dual-polymer matrix combined with a natural crosslinking strategy provides a sustainable route to high-performance,biodegradable CS-based packaging materials.展开更多
This study examined the role of green energy development in mitigating climate change and fostering sustainable development in Central Asia including Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,and Turkmenistan.The re...This study examined the role of green energy development in mitigating climate change and fostering sustainable development in Central Asia including Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,and Turkmenistan.The region has substantial untapped potential in solar energy,wind energy,hydropower energy,as well as biomass and bioenergy,positioning it strategically for renewable energy deployment.The result demonstrated that integrating renewable energy can reduce greenhouse gas emissions,improve air quality,enhance energy security,and support rural development.Case studies from Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,and Tajikistan showed measurable environmental and economic benefits.However,the large-scale use of renewable energy still faces numerous barriers,including outdated infrastructure,fragmented regulatory frameworks,limited investment,and shortages of technical expertise.Overcoming these obstacles requires institutional reform,stronger regional cooperation,and increasing engagement from international financial institutions and private investors.Modernizing grids,deploying storage systems,and investing in education,research,and innovation are critical for building human capacity in renewable energy sector.Accelerating the renewable energy transition is essential for Central Asia to meet climate goals,enhance environmental resilience,and ensure long-term socioeconomic development through innovation,investment,and regional collaboration.展开更多
In order to address environmental pollution and resource depletion caused by traditional power generation,this paper proposes an adaptive iterative dynamic-balance optimization algorithm that integrates the Improved D...In order to address environmental pollution and resource depletion caused by traditional power generation,this paper proposes an adaptive iterative dynamic-balance optimization algorithm that integrates the Improved Dung Beetle Optimizer(IDBO)with VariationalMode Decomposition(VMD).The IDBO-VMD method is designed to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of wind-speed time-series decomposition and to effectively smooth photovoltaic power fluctuations.This study innovatively improves the traditional variational mode decomposition(VMD)algorithm,and significantly improves the accuracy and adaptive ability of signal decomposition by IDBO selfoptimization of key parameters K and a.On this basis,Fourier transform technology is used to define the boundary point between high frequency and low frequency signals,and a targeted energy distribution strategy is proposed:high frequency fluctuations are allocated to supercapacitors to quickly respond to transient power fluctuations;Lowfrequency components are distributed to lead-carbon batteries,optimizing long-term energy storage and scheduling efficiency.This strategy effectively improves the response speed and stability of the energy storage system.The experimental results demonstrate that the IDBO-VMD algorithm markedly outperforms traditional methods in both decomposition accuracy and computational efficiency.Specifically,it effectively reduces the charge–discharge frequency of the battery,prolongs battery life,and optimizes the operating ranges of the state-of-charge(SOC)for both leadcarbon batteries and supercapacitors.In addition,the energy management strategy based on the algorithm not only improves the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system,but also shows excellent performance in the dynamic management and intelligent scheduling of renewable energy generation.展开更多
In Wuhu,urban renewal has not only transformed the development process,but improved people’s lives.DURING the 14th Five-Year Plan period(2021-2025),urban renewal has served as a crucial measure to promote high-qualit...In Wuhu,urban renewal has not only transformed the development process,but improved people’s lives.DURING the 14th Five-Year Plan period(2021-2025),urban renewal has served as a crucial measure to promote high-quality urban development and continuously meet people’s growing aspirations for a better life.Wuhu,in central China’s Anhui Province,has consistently enhanced its urban functions and services to build a modern,people-oriented city that is innovative,livable,beautiful,resilient,and smart.展开更多
The growing demand for land to accommodate renewable energy infrastructure has intensified competition with biodiversity conservation, agriculture, and ecosystem services. In Portugal, electricity system decarbonisati...The growing demand for land to accommodate renewable energy infrastructure has intensified competition with biodiversity conservation, agriculture, and ecosystem services. In Portugal, electricity system decarbonisation relies heavily on utility-scale solar energy(USSE) facilities, yet the spatial extent of land transformation associated with photovoltaic development has not been systematically assessed. This study provides an assessment of the land occupancy of USSE facilities and associated land use and land cover(LULC) changes in continental Portugal over the past two decades, as well as their spatial relationship with areas designated for land and nature conservation. A geospatial database of USSE installations(≥1 MW) was developed through the integration of multiple data sources using geographic information systems(GIS). The geometric consistency of spatial features was ensured through harmonisation and validation procedures involving GIS-based corrections supported by Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Spatial overlay analyses were conducted with multitemporal LULC datasets and with land-use planning constraints, including areas classified for nature conservation, ecological reserves, and agricultural reserves. The results indicate that USSE deployment has been predominantly located in the southern regions of Portugal, although the location of planned projects indicates a northward shift. The implementation of USSE facilities has been mainly associated with LULC changes in forest land, agricultural areas, pastures and shrubland. Spatial overlaps were observed with areas classified within the national ecological and agricultural reserves.These patterns may be indicative of growing land-use conflicts, but the extent to which these developments align with land-use planning objectives and conservation priorities requires further examination.展开更多
In the present study,researchers examined a solar off-grid-connected photovoltaic system for a family house in the city of Baghdad.The design was created with the help of the“How to Design PV Program”and the“Renewa...In the present study,researchers examined a solar off-grid-connected photovoltaic system for a family house in the city of Baghdad.The design was created with the help of the“How to Design PV Program”and the“Renewable Energy Investment Calculator(REICAL)”software(Version 1.1).In Iraq,the national grid provides around 71%of the overall electricity demand,though this drops to nearly 50%during extremely hot and cold months,where the supply alternates between four hours on and four hours off.During the off periods,power is generated by local generators at high costs.To promote the adoption of photovoltaic solar systems among Iraqi citizens through loans,three options for meeting 100% of electricity needs have been proposed:an on-grid solution,a hybrid system that supplies 24 h,and an off-grid solution for a 24-h supply.The 12-h off-grid system(hybrid)is both economical and efficient for delivering electricity.Findings reveal that,over 20 years,the system’s output will amount to 141,176.71 kWh,with a payback period of 5.85 years and a performance ratio of 86.2%.Investment outcome data showed a net present value of $6445,and the profitability index was 6.16,indicating the project’s profitability.Additionally,the system could result in a net reduction of CO_(2) emissions totaling 132,810.24 kg.展开更多
Accurate parameter extraction of photovoltaic(PV)models plays a critical role in enabling precise performance prediction,optimal system sizing,and effective operational control under diverse environmental conditions.W...Accurate parameter extraction of photovoltaic(PV)models plays a critical role in enabling precise performance prediction,optimal system sizing,and effective operational control under diverse environmental conditions.While a wide range of metaheuristic optimisation techniques have been applied to this problem,many existing methods are hindered by slow convergence rates,susceptibility to premature stagnation,and reduced accuracy when applied to complex multi-diode PV configurations.These limitations can lead to suboptimal modelling,reducing the efficiency of PV system design and operation.In this work,we propose an enhanced hybrid optimisation approach,the modified Spider Wasp Optimization(mSWO)with Opposition-Based Learning algorithm,which integrates the exploration and exploitation capabilities of the Spider Wasp Optimization(SWO)metaheuristic with the diversityenhancing mechanism of Opposition-Based Learning(OBL).The hybridisation is designed to dynamically expand the search space coverage,avoid premature convergence,and improve both convergence speed and precision in highdimensional optimisation tasks.The mSWO algorithm is applied to three well-established PV configurations:the single diode model(SDM),the double diode model(DDM),and the triple diode model(TDM).Real experimental current-voltage(I-V)datasets from a commercial PV module under standard test conditions(STC)are used for evaluation.Comparative analysis is conducted against eighteen advanced metaheuristic algorithms,including BSDE,RLGBO,GWOCS,MFO,EO,TSA,and SCA.Performance metrics include minimum,mean,and maximum root mean square error(RMSE),standard deviation(SD),and convergence behaviour over 30 independent runs.The results reveal that mSWO consistently delivers superior accuracy and robustness across all PV models,achieving the lowest RMSE values of 0.000986022(SDM),0.000982884(DDM),and 0.000982529(TDM),with minimal SD values,indicating remarkable repeatability.Convergence analyses further show that mSWO reaches optimal solutions more rapidly and with fewer oscillations than all competing methods,with the performance gap widening as model complexity increases.These findings demonstrate that mSWO provides a scalable,computationally efficient,and highly reliable framework for PV parameter extraction.Its adaptability to models of growing complexity suggests strong potential for broader applications in renewable energy systems,including performance monitoring,fault detection,and intelligent control,thereby contributing to the optimisation of next-generation solar energy solutions.展开更多
With the in-depth implementation of sustainable development strategies,hydrogen energy as a clean energy source is receiving increasing attention[1,2].Among the various methods of hydrogen production,the electrocataly...With the in-depth implementation of sustainable development strategies,hydrogen energy as a clean energy source is receiving increasing attention[1,2].Among the various methods of hydrogen production,the electrocatalytic decomposition of abundant seawater into hydrogen utilizing renewable energy has emerged as a green and promising approach.However,natural seawater contains complex components,such as halide ions,which lead to the corrosion of catalysts or the occurrence of competitive side reactions during the electrolysis process[3].展开更多
On June 3,2002, on behalf of both sides, Prof. Zhu Daoben, Vice President of NSFC and Prof. Peter Ni-jkamp, President of NWO signed the renewed Memorandum of Understanding of Scientific Cooperation between NSFC and NW...On June 3,2002, on behalf of both sides, Prof. Zhu Daoben, Vice President of NSFC and Prof. Peter Ni-jkamp, President of NWO signed the renewed Memorandum of Understanding of Scientific Cooperation between NSFC and NWO (Netherlands Organization展开更多
文摘Aim:The effect of a renewed SS-cream(RSSC)on the treatment of premature ejaculation(PE)was evaluated and compared with the original SS-cream(OSSC).Methods:Sixty male white New Zealand rabbits,weighing 2.5kg-3.0 kg,were divided at random into 3 groups:the RSSC,OSSC and placebo groups.The spinal somatosensory evoked potential(SSEP)elicited by electric stimulation of the glans penis with disk electrode was investigated with an electrophysiograph(Poseidomn,Shanghai,China)before and 10,30 and 60 min after drug or placebo application on the glans.The Onset and the N1 latencies and the amplitude of SSEP were recorded and analyzed.Results:There was no significant difference(P>0.05)in the mean Onset and Nl latency of SSEP among the 3 groups before drug application.Compared with the pre-application value,the mean Onset and Nl latencies in the RSSC and OSSC groups were significantly prolonged at 10,30 and 60 min after treatment(P<0.05),while they were not significantly changed(P>0.05)in the placebo group.The mean Onset latency of RSSC at 10 and 30 min and that of OSSC at 30 min were significantly delayed(P<0.05)compared with the placebo group.The mean Nl latency of RSSC at 30 and 60 min and that of OSSC group at 30 min were also significantly delayed(P<0.05).Conclusion:RSSC delays the latencies of SSEP,suggesting a local desensitizing effect on the sensory receptor of the glans penis dorsal nerve,which provides the potential for PE treatment.The desensitizing effect of RSSC is higher than that of OSSC.
文摘On Oct.17,CAFIU and Fredrich-Ebert-Foundation(FES)of Germany renewed the Memorandum of Understanding(MOU)on Cooperation in Beijing Diaoyutai Grand Hotel.Mr.Li Jinjun,ViceMinister of the International Department of CPC Central Committee and Executive Vice-President of CAFIU and Mr.Kurt Beck,President of
文摘Chinese People's Liberation Army,launched its new round of uniforms change. Besides snazzy clothes and lavish exhibitions,the military wear is always related to war either in the past,now or in the future. Could PLA new dress mean a lot more…?
文摘Tongzhou District,Beijing.In early spring,the air here carries the faint scent of thawing earth rather than the smell of chemical residue that once defined this place.Where the Oriental Chemical Plant billowed smoke for decades,a new kind of energy now flows—silent,invisible and drawn from deep beneath the ground.
文摘T his summer,the central dance floor of New York’s Lincoln Center came alive as thousands of audience members moved to the rhythm of Da Zhan Hong Tu(Blueprint Supreme).The song's performer,young rapper Chen Xukai,also known by his stage names Lan Lao and SKAI ISYOURGOD,is from China's Guangdong Province,and had more than 3 million listeners this July on Spotify,the global streaming giant.
文摘The rapid growth in available network bandwidth has directly contributed to an exponential increase in mobile data traffic,creating significant challenges for network energy consumption.Also,with the extraordinary growth of mobile communications,the data traffic has dramatically expanded,which has led to massive grid power consumption and incurred high operating expenditure(OPEX).However,the majority of current network designs struggle to efficientlymanage a massive amount of data using little power,which degrades energy efficiency performance.Thereby,it is necessary to have an efficient mechanism to reduce power consumption when processing large amounts of data in network data centers.Utilizing renewable energy sources to power the Cloud Radio Access Network(C-RAN)greatly reduces the need to purchase energy from the utility grid.In this paper,we propose a bandwidth-aware hybrid energypowered C-RAN that focuses on throughput and energy efficiency(EE)by lowering grid usage,aiming to enhance the EE.This paper examines the energy efficiency,spectral efficiency(SE),and average on-grid energy consumption,dealing with the major challenges of the temporal and spatial nature of traffic and renewable energy generation across various network setups.To assess the effectiveness of the suggested network by changing the transmission bandwidth,a comprehensive simulation has been conducted.The numerical findings support the efficacy of the suggested approach.
基金supported by Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS and the Institute of Technology PETRONAS Sdn.Bhd.(ITPSB)through the Graduate Assistantship Scheme。
文摘Photoreforming is an emerging photocatalytic process that converts organic waste into hydrogen H2 using solar energy,offering a dual solution for waste valorization and sustainable fuel production.This review comprehensively examines the fundamental mechanisms of photoreforming,emphasizing the critical role of photocatalyst design in optimizing hydrogen evolution.Key criteria for effective photocatalysts including suitable band edge positions,broad spectrum solar absorption,and photostability are systematically analyzed alongside advances in heterojunction engineering and defect modulation.The review further explores diverse waste-derived feedstocks,such as biomass:alcohols,saccharides,lignin and plastics:PET,PLA,polyolefins,highlighting substrate,specific challenges and pretreatment strategies.Despite progress,challenges like catalyst deactivation,limited visible-light utilization,and scalability persist.Future directions advocate for robust photocatalyst engineering,mechanistic insights into charge dynamics,and scalable reactor designs to realize photoreforming’s potential as a sustainable hydrogen production technology.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,under the Shanghai Action Plan for Science,Technology and Innovation(22ZR1464800).
文摘Driven by the global energy transition and carbon neutrality targets,alkaline water electrolysis has emerged as a key technology for coupling variable renewable generation with clean hydrogen production,offering considerable potential for absorbing surplus power and enhancing grid flexibility.However,conventional control architectures typically treat the power converter and electrolyzer as independent units,neglecting their dynamic interactions and thereby limiting overall system performance under practical operating conditions.This review critically examines existing control approaches,ranging from classical proportional-integral schemes to model predictive control,fuzzy-logic algorithms,and data-driven methods,evaluating their effectiveness in managing dynamic response,multivariable coupling,and operational constraints as well as their inherent limitations.Attention is then focused on the performance requirements of the hydrogen-production converter,including current ripple suppression,rapid transient response,adaptive thermal regulation,and stable power delivery.An integrated co‑control framework is proposed,aligning converter output with electrolyzer demand across steady-state operation,variable renewable input,and emergency shutdown scenarios to achieve higher efficiency,extended equipment lifetime,and enhanced operational safety.Finally,prospects for advancing unified control methodologies are outlined,with emphasis on constraint-aware predictive control,machine-learning-enhanced modeling,and real‑time co‑optimization for future alkaline electrolyzer systems.
基金supported by Science and Technology Standard Project of Guangdong Electric Power Design Institute(ER11301W,ER11811W).
文摘Data center industries have been facing huge energy challenges due to escalating power consumption and associated carbon emissions.In the context of carbon neutrality,the integration of data centers with renewable energy has become a prevailing trend.To advance the renewable energy integration in data centers,it is imperative to thoroughly explore the data centers’operational flexibility.Computing workloads and refrigeration systems are recognized as two promising flexible resources for power regulationwithin data centermicro-grids.This paper identifies and categorizes delay-tolerant computing workloads into three types(long-running non-interruptible,long-running interruptible,and short-running)and develops mathematical time-shifting models for each.Additionally,this paper examines the thermal dynamics of the computer room and derives a time-varying temperature model coupled to refrigeration power.Building on these models,this paper proposes a two-stage,multi-time scale optimization scheduling framework that jointly coordinates computing workloads time-shift in day-ahead scheduling and refrigeration power control in intra-day dispatch to mitigate renewable variability.A case study demonstrates that the framework effectively enhances the renewable-energy utilization,improves the operational economy of the data center microgrid,and mitigates the impact of renewable power uncertainty.The results highlight the potential of coordinated computing workloads and thermal system flexibility to support greener,more cost-effective data center operation.
文摘The long-standing use of portable toilet cubicles by residents of Shanghai’s narrow,labyrinthine alleys came to an end in September 2025 after the city largely finished building public toilets to make up their lack of sanitation facilities.The project,targeting 14,082 households,started last year.
基金supported through RIIM Competition funding from the Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education Agency,Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia and National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia according to the contract number:61/IV/KS/5/2023 and 2131/UN6.3.1/PT.00/2023.
文摘Corn starch(CS)is a renewable,biodegradable polysaccharide valued for its film-forming ability,yet native CS films exhibit lowmechanical strength,highwater sensitivity,and limited thermal stability.This study improves CS-based films by blending with poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)or glycerol(GLY)and using citric acid(CA)as a green,non-toxic cross-linker.Composite films were prepared by casting CS–PVA or CS-GLY with CA at 0%-0.20%(w/w of starch).The influence of CA on physicochemical,mechanical,optical,thermal,and water barrier properties was evaluated.CA crosslinking markedly enhanced the tensile strength,water resistance,and thermal stability of CS-PVA films while increasing transparency in CS–GLY films.At 0.20%CA,the composite achieved 34.99MPa tensile strength,reducedwater vapor permeability,andminimized water uptake.FTIR confirmed ester bond formation between CAand hydroxyl groups of CS,PVA,and GLY,whereas thermal analysis showed higher decomposition temperatures and lower weight loss in crosslinked films.Increasing CA levels also decreased opacity and improved light transmittance,indicating greater homogeneity and reduced crystallinity.This dual-polymer matrix combined with a natural crosslinking strategy provides a sustainable route to high-performance,biodegradable CS-based packaging materials.
文摘This study examined the role of green energy development in mitigating climate change and fostering sustainable development in Central Asia including Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,Tajikistan,and Turkmenistan.The region has substantial untapped potential in solar energy,wind energy,hydropower energy,as well as biomass and bioenergy,positioning it strategically for renewable energy deployment.The result demonstrated that integrating renewable energy can reduce greenhouse gas emissions,improve air quality,enhance energy security,and support rural development.Case studies from Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Kyrgyzstan,and Tajikistan showed measurable environmental and economic benefits.However,the large-scale use of renewable energy still faces numerous barriers,including outdated infrastructure,fragmented regulatory frameworks,limited investment,and shortages of technical expertise.Overcoming these obstacles requires institutional reform,stronger regional cooperation,and increasing engagement from international financial institutions and private investors.Modernizing grids,deploying storage systems,and investing in education,research,and innovation are critical for building human capacity in renewable energy sector.Accelerating the renewable energy transition is essential for Central Asia to meet climate goals,enhance environmental resilience,and ensure long-term socioeconomic development through innovation,investment,and regional collaboration.
基金funded by the Institute of Smart Energy,Huaiyin Institute of Technology,under Grant No.HIT-ISE-2024-07.
文摘In order to address environmental pollution and resource depletion caused by traditional power generation,this paper proposes an adaptive iterative dynamic-balance optimization algorithm that integrates the Improved Dung Beetle Optimizer(IDBO)with VariationalMode Decomposition(VMD).The IDBO-VMD method is designed to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of wind-speed time-series decomposition and to effectively smooth photovoltaic power fluctuations.This study innovatively improves the traditional variational mode decomposition(VMD)algorithm,and significantly improves the accuracy and adaptive ability of signal decomposition by IDBO selfoptimization of key parameters K and a.On this basis,Fourier transform technology is used to define the boundary point between high frequency and low frequency signals,and a targeted energy distribution strategy is proposed:high frequency fluctuations are allocated to supercapacitors to quickly respond to transient power fluctuations;Lowfrequency components are distributed to lead-carbon batteries,optimizing long-term energy storage and scheduling efficiency.This strategy effectively improves the response speed and stability of the energy storage system.The experimental results demonstrate that the IDBO-VMD algorithm markedly outperforms traditional methods in both decomposition accuracy and computational efficiency.Specifically,it effectively reduces the charge–discharge frequency of the battery,prolongs battery life,and optimizes the operating ranges of the state-of-charge(SOC)for both leadcarbon batteries and supercapacitors.In addition,the energy management strategy based on the algorithm not only improves the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system,but also shows excellent performance in the dynamic management and intelligent scheduling of renewable energy generation.
文摘In Wuhu,urban renewal has not only transformed the development process,but improved people’s lives.DURING the 14th Five-Year Plan period(2021-2025),urban renewal has served as a crucial measure to promote high-quality urban development and continuously meet people’s growing aspirations for a better life.Wuhu,in central China’s Anhui Province,has consistently enhanced its urban functions and services to build a modern,people-oriented city that is innovative,livable,beautiful,resilient,and smart.
基金supported by the doctoral scholarship of the author, André Alves, funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the MIT Portugal Programme (PRT/BD/154418/2023)the State Budgetprovided through FCT funding, was received from the MOPT Research Group of the Centre of Geographical Studies, University of Lisbon (UID/295/2025, DOI: 10.54499/UID/00295/2025), and from the Centro de Investigação em Gestão de Informação (MagIC) under the projects UID/04152/2025 (DOI: 10.54499/UID/04152/2025,2025–01–01 to 2028–12–31) and UID/PRR/04152/2025 (DOI: 10.54499/UID/PRR/04152/2025,2025–01–01 to 2026–06–30)
文摘The growing demand for land to accommodate renewable energy infrastructure has intensified competition with biodiversity conservation, agriculture, and ecosystem services. In Portugal, electricity system decarbonisation relies heavily on utility-scale solar energy(USSE) facilities, yet the spatial extent of land transformation associated with photovoltaic development has not been systematically assessed. This study provides an assessment of the land occupancy of USSE facilities and associated land use and land cover(LULC) changes in continental Portugal over the past two decades, as well as their spatial relationship with areas designated for land and nature conservation. A geospatial database of USSE installations(≥1 MW) was developed through the integration of multiple data sources using geographic information systems(GIS). The geometric consistency of spatial features was ensured through harmonisation and validation procedures involving GIS-based corrections supported by Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Spatial overlay analyses were conducted with multitemporal LULC datasets and with land-use planning constraints, including areas classified for nature conservation, ecological reserves, and agricultural reserves. The results indicate that USSE deployment has been predominantly located in the southern regions of Portugal, although the location of planned projects indicates a northward shift. The implementation of USSE facilities has been mainly associated with LULC changes in forest land, agricultural areas, pastures and shrubland. Spatial overlaps were observed with areas classified within the national ecological and agricultural reserves.These patterns may be indicative of growing land-use conflicts, but the extent to which these developments align with land-use planning objectives and conservation priorities requires further examination.
文摘In the present study,researchers examined a solar off-grid-connected photovoltaic system for a family house in the city of Baghdad.The design was created with the help of the“How to Design PV Program”and the“Renewable Energy Investment Calculator(REICAL)”software(Version 1.1).In Iraq,the national grid provides around 71%of the overall electricity demand,though this drops to nearly 50%during extremely hot and cold months,where the supply alternates between four hours on and four hours off.During the off periods,power is generated by local generators at high costs.To promote the adoption of photovoltaic solar systems among Iraqi citizens through loans,three options for meeting 100% of electricity needs have been proposed:an on-grid solution,a hybrid system that supplies 24 h,and an off-grid solution for a 24-h supply.The 12-h off-grid system(hybrid)is both economical and efficient for delivering electricity.Findings reveal that,over 20 years,the system’s output will amount to 141,176.71 kWh,with a payback period of 5.85 years and a performance ratio of 86.2%.Investment outcome data showed a net present value of $6445,and the profitability index was 6.16,indicating the project’s profitability.Additionally,the system could result in a net reduction of CO_(2) emissions totaling 132,810.24 kg.
基金funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R442)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Accurate parameter extraction of photovoltaic(PV)models plays a critical role in enabling precise performance prediction,optimal system sizing,and effective operational control under diverse environmental conditions.While a wide range of metaheuristic optimisation techniques have been applied to this problem,many existing methods are hindered by slow convergence rates,susceptibility to premature stagnation,and reduced accuracy when applied to complex multi-diode PV configurations.These limitations can lead to suboptimal modelling,reducing the efficiency of PV system design and operation.In this work,we propose an enhanced hybrid optimisation approach,the modified Spider Wasp Optimization(mSWO)with Opposition-Based Learning algorithm,which integrates the exploration and exploitation capabilities of the Spider Wasp Optimization(SWO)metaheuristic with the diversityenhancing mechanism of Opposition-Based Learning(OBL).The hybridisation is designed to dynamically expand the search space coverage,avoid premature convergence,and improve both convergence speed and precision in highdimensional optimisation tasks.The mSWO algorithm is applied to three well-established PV configurations:the single diode model(SDM),the double diode model(DDM),and the triple diode model(TDM).Real experimental current-voltage(I-V)datasets from a commercial PV module under standard test conditions(STC)are used for evaluation.Comparative analysis is conducted against eighteen advanced metaheuristic algorithms,including BSDE,RLGBO,GWOCS,MFO,EO,TSA,and SCA.Performance metrics include minimum,mean,and maximum root mean square error(RMSE),standard deviation(SD),and convergence behaviour over 30 independent runs.The results reveal that mSWO consistently delivers superior accuracy and robustness across all PV models,achieving the lowest RMSE values of 0.000986022(SDM),0.000982884(DDM),and 0.000982529(TDM),with minimal SD values,indicating remarkable repeatability.Convergence analyses further show that mSWO reaches optimal solutions more rapidly and with fewer oscillations than all competing methods,with the performance gap widening as model complexity increases.These findings demonstrate that mSWO provides a scalable,computationally efficient,and highly reliable framework for PV parameter extraction.Its adaptability to models of growing complexity suggests strong potential for broader applications in renewable energy systems,including performance monitoring,fault detection,and intelligent control,thereby contributing to the optimisation of next-generation solar energy solutions.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Research Start-up Foundation of Recruiting Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(No.NY223016)Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province of China2024 Nanjing Science and Technology Innovation Program(No.NJKCZYZZ2024-06)。
文摘With the in-depth implementation of sustainable development strategies,hydrogen energy as a clean energy source is receiving increasing attention[1,2].Among the various methods of hydrogen production,the electrocatalytic decomposition of abundant seawater into hydrogen utilizing renewable energy has emerged as a green and promising approach.However,natural seawater contains complex components,such as halide ions,which lead to the corrosion of catalysts or the occurrence of competitive side reactions during the electrolysis process[3].
文摘On June 3,2002, on behalf of both sides, Prof. Zhu Daoben, Vice President of NSFC and Prof. Peter Ni-jkamp, President of NWO signed the renewed Memorandum of Understanding of Scientific Cooperation between NSFC and NWO (Netherlands Organization
