Through applied researches, the regularity of thermal infrared radiation of the coal seams has been found, a model of thermal radiation of the coal seams established, and the internal relations of the information extr...Through applied researches, the regularity of thermal infrared radiation of the coal seams has been found, a model of thermal radiation of the coal seams established, and the internal relations of the information extracted from remote sensing images with coal seams and coal measures revealed. Through a series of complete tests of remote sensing techniques such as multi-level (space, aerial and ground) synchronous remote-sensing and multi-directional, multiband and multitemporal remote sensing, the optimal procedure for applications of remote sensing techniques in coal geology has been determined. The theories and methods established in the applied researches have yielded apparent economic results and social benefits in respect to coal field prediction, coal reconnaissance, coal geological surveys and detection of geological hazards in coal mines.展开更多
'West Jilin Province' in this paper means Zhenlai, Baicheng, Taonan, Da'an,Tongyu, Fuyu, Songyuan, Qian'an, Changling, also includes Gongzhuling, Shuangliao, Lishu, Siping andNong' an which have be...'West Jilin Province' in this paper means Zhenlai, Baicheng, Taonan, Da'an,Tongyu, Fuyu, Songyuan, Qian'an, Changling, also includes Gongzhuling, Shuangliao, Lishu, Siping andNong' an which have been suffered from desertification. In west Jilin Province there are three sandzones passing through, they are Xiang (Xianghai) -Wu (Ulan Tug) sand zone, Hai-Feng sand zone, andTao'er River right bank sand zone. The desertification area of west Jilin Province is 819 100 ha,making up 12. 5% of the total land area. Among desertification types, in Jilin Province lightdesertification is the major, then is medium decertification, hevey desertification is the least.According to the comparison of the interpretation results of the Landsat images of the 1980s and the1990s by remote sensing and GIS techniques, it can be seen that the desertification area in westJilin Province basically didn't change on the whole, only increased 6130 ha, making up 0. 8% of thedesertification area, change scale is less than 1%. Evidently, desertification is controlled mostly,but some areas are continuing deterioration. The desertification process of China can be dividedinto three types according to origin nature, they are sandy steppe desertification, fixed sandarea(sand land) activation and dunes transfer invasion. Reasons of desertification of West JilinProvince are analyzed, they include natural factors (such as material source factors, chimatefactors) and artificial factors (such as destroying grass to reclaim, steppe decreasing greatly,illegally feeling shelter forest stands, constructing reservoir to influence eco-environment etc. ).Some suggestions are put forward as follows: establishing the social project for ecologicalreconstruction of degenerated land; intensifying planning and management of land use, revertingfarmland into forestland or pasture in a planned way. The key desertification control is to dependmainly on policy and management, then control techniques.展开更多
The main biochemicals (such as lignin, protein, cellulose, sugar, starch, chlorophyll and water) of vegetation are directly or indirectly involved in major ecological processes, such as the functions of terrestrial ec...The main biochemicals (such as lignin, protein, cellulose, sugar, starch, chlorophyll and water) of vegetation are directly or indirectly involved in major ecological processes, such as the functions of terrestrial ecosystems (i.e., nutrient-cycling processes, primary production, and decomposition). Remote sensing techniques provide a very convenient way of data acquisition capable of covering a large area several times during one season, so it can play a unique and essential role provided that we can relate remote sensing measurements to the biochemical characteristics of the Earth surface in a reliable and operational way. The application of remote sensing techniques for the estimation of canopy biochemicals was reviewed. Three methods of estimating biochemical concentrations of vegetation were included in this paper: index, stepwise multiple linear regression, and stepwise multiple linear regression based on a model of the forest crown. In addition, the vitality and potential applying value are stress展开更多
The fluvio-aeolian sediments in the alluvial plains of NW Haryana and adjoining northern Rajasthan are known to conceal a number of palaeochannels of the erstwhile Saraswati River and its tributaries,which were also t...The fluvio-aeolian sediments in the alluvial plains of NW Haryana and adjoining northern Rajasthan are known to conceal a number of palaeochannels of the erstwhile Saraswati River and its tributaries,which were also the sites for many pre-historic settlements dating back to the pre-Harappan era.Using digital remote sensing techniques like image enhancement,principal component analysis and mineral composite index mapping from Landsat ETM+data,and hydrological routing and stream network generation from DEM.展开更多
Taking TM images, ETM images, SPOT images, aerial photos and other remote sensing data as fundamental sources, this research makes a thorough investigation on landslides and debris flows in Sichuan Province, China, us...Taking TM images, ETM images, SPOT images, aerial photos and other remote sensing data as fundamental sources, this research makes a thorough investigation on landslides and debris flows in Sichuan Province, China, using the method of manual interpretation and taking topography maps as references after the processes of terrain correction, spectral matching, and image mosaic. And then, the spatial characteristics of landslides and debris flows in the year of 2005 are assessed and made into figures. The environmental factors which induce landslides and debris flows such as slope, vegetation coverage, lithology, rainfall and so on are obtained by GIS spatial analysis method. Finally, the rela- tionships of landslides or debris flows with some environmental factors are analyzed based on the grade of each envi- ronmental factor. The results indicate: 1) The landslides and debris flows are mainly in the eastern and southern area of Sichuan Province, however, there are few landslides and debris flows in the western particularly the northwestern Si- chuan. 2) The landslides and debris flows of Sichuan Province are mostly located in the regions with small slope degree. The occurring rate of debris flow reduces with the increase of the vegetation coverage degree, but the vegetation cov- erage degree has little to do with the occurrence of landslide. The more rainfall a place has, the easier the landslides and debris flows take place.展开更多
Ⅰ The Indexes of Detecting Oil and Gas Resources The deeply buried reservoir which in a dynamic equilibrium state has a great pressure inside, and between it and earth surface there is a great difference of pressure....Ⅰ The Indexes of Detecting Oil and Gas Resources The deeply buried reservoir which in a dynamic equilibrium state has a great pressure inside, and between it and earth surface there is a great difference of pressure. Therefore the hydrocarbon must spread and move vertically to the surface along the pressure gradient orientation. Hydrocarbons in the reservoir along some small rifts, cracks, joints and cleavages penetrate the overlying strata and seepage onto the surface. Thus the hydrocarbons become unvisble oil and gas signs. This process is called the phenomena of hydrocarbon microseepage of reservoir. Hydrocarbons microseepage in the process展开更多
Remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems offer a good means of collecting and manipulating the data required for assessing conservation practices. A method for automatic generation of most of the d...Remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems offer a good means of collecting and manipulating the data required for assessing conservation practices. A method for automatic generation of most of the data required by the Agricultural Non point Source erosion model is developed from three sources:(1) file with contour lines from the topographic maps(TM), (2) soil mapping units from the soil surveys, and (3)land cover from land sat TM image classification.展开更多
The ground-based continuous hyperspectral remote sensing technique presents a unique opportunity to advance terrestrial ecosystem monitoring.Accurate retrieval of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)relies heav...The ground-based continuous hyperspectral remote sensing technique presents a unique opportunity to advance terrestrial ecosystem monitoring.Accurate retrieval of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)relies heavily on commercially available spectrometers with high spectral resolution(SR).However,high-SR spectrometers are resource-intensive and challenging to maintain,limiting their widespread deployment at observational sites.Here,we explored an alternative low-configuration and low-cost spectrometer for SIF retrieval at 2 sites cultivated with wheat and rice.The results revealed the strong correlations between irradiance and radiance measurements in the selected SIF bands from the high-and low-configuration spectrometers(R^(2)>0.90,average root mean square error<8.95 mW m^(−2) nm^(−1) sr^(−1),relative root mean square error<7%).Far-red SIF retrieved from both spectrometers exhibited marked correlations at both half-hourly and daily averaged scales(R^(2)>0.90).Additionally,we utilized simulated data to examine the impact of SR and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)on the far-red SIF retrieval from both high-and low-configuration spectrometers.Strong correlations(R^(2)>0.80)were found between the simulated data with SNR≥300 and SR<2 nm.Furthermore,we investigated the relationships between crop gross primary productivity(GPP)and far-red SIF from both types of spectrometers and their ability to identify crop growth stages.SIF from both types of spectrometers exhibited high correlations with GPP(R^(2)>0.70).The dates of various wheat-specific growth stages observed using the low-configuration spectrometer were consistent with those identified by the high-configuration spectrometer,with less than a 3-d differences for wheat.Our study confirms the capabilities of the low-configuration spectrometers for far-red SIF retrievals and promotes their deployment over large-scale ground observation networks,potentially advancing the large development of low-cost ground-based SIF measurements.展开更多
文摘Through applied researches, the regularity of thermal infrared radiation of the coal seams has been found, a model of thermal radiation of the coal seams established, and the internal relations of the information extracted from remote sensing images with coal seams and coal measures revealed. Through a series of complete tests of remote sensing techniques such as multi-level (space, aerial and ground) synchronous remote-sensing and multi-directional, multiband and multitemporal remote sensing, the optimal procedure for applications of remote sensing techniques in coal geology has been determined. The theories and methods established in the applied researches have yielded apparent economic results and social benefits in respect to coal field prediction, coal reconnaissance, coal geological surveys and detection of geological hazards in coal mines.
文摘'West Jilin Province' in this paper means Zhenlai, Baicheng, Taonan, Da'an,Tongyu, Fuyu, Songyuan, Qian'an, Changling, also includes Gongzhuling, Shuangliao, Lishu, Siping andNong' an which have been suffered from desertification. In west Jilin Province there are three sandzones passing through, they are Xiang (Xianghai) -Wu (Ulan Tug) sand zone, Hai-Feng sand zone, andTao'er River right bank sand zone. The desertification area of west Jilin Province is 819 100 ha,making up 12. 5% of the total land area. Among desertification types, in Jilin Province lightdesertification is the major, then is medium decertification, hevey desertification is the least.According to the comparison of the interpretation results of the Landsat images of the 1980s and the1990s by remote sensing and GIS techniques, it can be seen that the desertification area in westJilin Province basically didn't change on the whole, only increased 6130 ha, making up 0. 8% of thedesertification area, change scale is less than 1%. Evidently, desertification is controlled mostly,but some areas are continuing deterioration. The desertification process of China can be dividedinto three types according to origin nature, they are sandy steppe desertification, fixed sandarea(sand land) activation and dunes transfer invasion. Reasons of desertification of West JilinProvince are analyzed, they include natural factors (such as material source factors, chimatefactors) and artificial factors (such as destroying grass to reclaim, steppe decreasing greatly,illegally feeling shelter forest stands, constructing reservoir to influence eco-environment etc. ).Some suggestions are put forward as follows: establishing the social project for ecologicalreconstruction of degenerated land; intensifying planning and management of land use, revertingfarmland into forestland or pasture in a planned way. The key desertification control is to dependmainly on policy and management, then control techniques.
基金The Outstanding Youth Science Foundation of Henan Province, No.0003, No.9920 Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province, No. 0111070100
文摘The main biochemicals (such as lignin, protein, cellulose, sugar, starch, chlorophyll and water) of vegetation are directly or indirectly involved in major ecological processes, such as the functions of terrestrial ecosystems (i.e., nutrient-cycling processes, primary production, and decomposition). Remote sensing techniques provide a very convenient way of data acquisition capable of covering a large area several times during one season, so it can play a unique and essential role provided that we can relate remote sensing measurements to the biochemical characteristics of the Earth surface in a reliable and operational way. The application of remote sensing techniques for the estimation of canopy biochemicals was reviewed. Three methods of estimating biochemical concentrations of vegetation were included in this paper: index, stepwise multiple linear regression, and stepwise multiple linear regression based on a model of the forest crown. In addition, the vitality and potential applying value are stress
文摘The fluvio-aeolian sediments in the alluvial plains of NW Haryana and adjoining northern Rajasthan are known to conceal a number of palaeochannels of the erstwhile Saraswati River and its tributaries,which were also the sites for many pre-historic settlements dating back to the pre-Harappan era.Using digital remote sensing techniques like image enhancement,principal component analysis and mineral composite index mapping from Landsat ETM+data,and hydrological routing and stream network generation from DEM.
基金Under the auspices of Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy Sciences (No. KZCX2-SW-319-01), Sci-ence & Technology Bureau of Sichuan Province (No. [2005]-172-140107)
文摘Taking TM images, ETM images, SPOT images, aerial photos and other remote sensing data as fundamental sources, this research makes a thorough investigation on landslides and debris flows in Sichuan Province, China, using the method of manual interpretation and taking topography maps as references after the processes of terrain correction, spectral matching, and image mosaic. And then, the spatial characteristics of landslides and debris flows in the year of 2005 are assessed and made into figures. The environmental factors which induce landslides and debris flows such as slope, vegetation coverage, lithology, rainfall and so on are obtained by GIS spatial analysis method. Finally, the rela- tionships of landslides or debris flows with some environmental factors are analyzed based on the grade of each envi- ronmental factor. The results indicate: 1) The landslides and debris flows are mainly in the eastern and southern area of Sichuan Province, however, there are few landslides and debris flows in the western particularly the northwestern Si- chuan. 2) The landslides and debris flows of Sichuan Province are mostly located in the regions with small slope degree. The occurring rate of debris flow reduces with the increase of the vegetation coverage degree, but the vegetation cov- erage degree has little to do with the occurrence of landslide. The more rainfall a place has, the easier the landslides and debris flows take place.
文摘Ⅰ The Indexes of Detecting Oil and Gas Resources The deeply buried reservoir which in a dynamic equilibrium state has a great pressure inside, and between it and earth surface there is a great difference of pressure. Therefore the hydrocarbon must spread and move vertically to the surface along the pressure gradient orientation. Hydrocarbons in the reservoir along some small rifts, cracks, joints and cleavages penetrate the overlying strata and seepage onto the surface. Thus the hydrocarbons become unvisble oil and gas signs. This process is called the phenomena of hydrocarbon microseepage of reservoir. Hydrocarbons microseepage in the process
文摘Remote sensing techniques and geographic information systems offer a good means of collecting and manipulating the data required for assessing conservation practices. A method for automatic generation of most of the data required by the Agricultural Non point Source erosion model is developed from three sources:(1) file with contour lines from the topographic maps(TM), (2) soil mapping units from the soil surveys, and (3)land cover from land sat TM image classification.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42125105)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1301900)the Nanjing University Integrated Research Platform of the Ministry of Education-Top Talents Program(090414380033).
文摘The ground-based continuous hyperspectral remote sensing technique presents a unique opportunity to advance terrestrial ecosystem monitoring.Accurate retrieval of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence(SIF)relies heavily on commercially available spectrometers with high spectral resolution(SR).However,high-SR spectrometers are resource-intensive and challenging to maintain,limiting their widespread deployment at observational sites.Here,we explored an alternative low-configuration and low-cost spectrometer for SIF retrieval at 2 sites cultivated with wheat and rice.The results revealed the strong correlations between irradiance and radiance measurements in the selected SIF bands from the high-and low-configuration spectrometers(R^(2)>0.90,average root mean square error<8.95 mW m^(−2) nm^(−1) sr^(−1),relative root mean square error<7%).Far-red SIF retrieved from both spectrometers exhibited marked correlations at both half-hourly and daily averaged scales(R^(2)>0.90).Additionally,we utilized simulated data to examine the impact of SR and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)on the far-red SIF retrieval from both high-and low-configuration spectrometers.Strong correlations(R^(2)>0.80)were found between the simulated data with SNR≥300 and SR<2 nm.Furthermore,we investigated the relationships between crop gross primary productivity(GPP)and far-red SIF from both types of spectrometers and their ability to identify crop growth stages.SIF from both types of spectrometers exhibited high correlations with GPP(R^(2)>0.70).The dates of various wheat-specific growth stages observed using the low-configuration spectrometer were consistent with those identified by the high-configuration spectrometer,with less than a 3-d differences for wheat.Our study confirms the capabilities of the low-configuration spectrometers for far-red SIF retrievals and promotes their deployment over large-scale ground observation networks,potentially advancing the large development of low-cost ground-based SIF measurements.
