Sekeres et al. （1） conducted a multicenter randomized, controlled trial to compare whether azacitidine-based combinations with lenalidomide or vorinostat produce superior overall response rates to azacitidine in the...Sekeres et al. （1） conducted a multicenter randomized, controlled trial to compare whether azacitidine-based combinations with lenalidomide or vorinostat produce superior overall response rates to azacitidine in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes （MDS）. In that trial, 224 patients with higher-risk MDS and 53 with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia （CMML） were enrolled and randomly assigned to the ＂azacitidine＂ group, ＂azacitidine plus lenalidomide＂ group or ＂azacitidine plus vorinostat＂ group. The researchers found that patients with MDS treated with azacitidine-based combinations had similar response rate to azacitidine monotherapy. Using genomic mutation analysis, they found that the overall response rate to azacitidine-based treatment was higher for patients with mutations in DNMT3A and lower for those with mutations in SRSF2. Whereas in another study, Welch et al. enrolled 26 patients with MDS and 90 with acute myeloid leukemia （AML） who were treated with decitabine, and they found that patients with TP53 mutations had a higher response rate, but not those with DNMT3A mutations （2）. We propose that this big discrepancy in the conclusions between the two studies might have been caused by the presence of many co-interacting factors, e.g. study aims, DNA demethylating agents, treatment protocols, and patient sources.展开更多
Robust, ultra-flexible, and multifunctional MXene-basedelectromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding nanocomposite filmsexhibit enormous potential for applications in artificial intelligence,wireless telecommunication,...Robust, ultra-flexible, and multifunctional MXene-basedelectromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding nanocomposite filmsexhibit enormous potential for applications in artificial intelligence,wireless telecommunication, and portable/wearable electronic equipment.In this work, a nacre-inspired multifunctional heterocyclic aramid(HA)/MXene@polypyrrole (PPy) (HMP) nanocomposite paper withlarge-scale, high strength, super toughness, and excellent tolerance tocomplex conditions is fabricated through the strategy of HA/MXenehydrogel template-assisted in-situ assembly of PPy. Benefiting from the"brick-and-mortar" layered structure and the strong hydrogen-bondinginteractions among MXene, HA, and PPy, the paper exhibits remarkable mechanical performances, including high tensile strength (309.7 MPa),outstanding toughness (57.6 MJ m−3), exceptional foldability, and structural stability against ultrasonication. By using the template effect ofHA/MXene to guide the assembly of conductive polymers, the synthesized paper obtains excellent electronic conductivity. More importantly,the highly continuous conductive path enables the nanocomposite paper to achieve a splendid EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 54.1 dBat an ultra-thin thickness (25.4 μm) and a high specific EMI SE of 17,204.7 dB cm2g−1. In addition, the papers also have excellent applicationsin electromagnetic protection, electro-/photothermal de-icing, thermal therapy, and fire safety. These findings broaden the ideas for developinghigh-performance and multifunctional MXene-based films with enormous application potential in EMI shielding and thermal management.展开更多
Over the past decade,artificial intelligence(AI)has evolved at an unprecedented pace,transforming technology,industry,and society.From diagnosing diseases with remarkable accuracy to powering self-driving cars and rev...Over the past decade,artificial intelligence(AI)has evolved at an unprecedented pace,transforming technology,industry,and society.From diagnosing diseases with remarkable accuracy to powering self-driving cars and revolutionizing personalized learning,AI is reshaping our world in ways once thought impossible.Spanning fields such as machine learning,deep learning,natural language processing,robotics,and ChatGPT,AI continues to push the boundaries of innovation.As AI continues to advance,it is vital to have a platform that not only disseminates cutting-edge research innovations but also fosters broad discussions on its societal impact,ethical considerations,and interdisciplinary applications.With this vision in mind,we proudly introduce Artificial Intelligence Science and Engineering(AISE)-a journal dedicated to nurturing the next wave of AI innovation and engineering applications.Our mission is to provide a premier outlet where researchers can share high-quality,impactful studies and collaborate to advance AI across academia,industry,and beyond.展开更多
Despite the cost and activity advantages,ruthenium-based oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts face severe stability problems for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEM-WE)due to Ru dissolution.Although tre...Despite the cost and activity advantages,ruthenium-based oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts face severe stability problems for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEM-WE)due to Ru dissolution.Although tremendous attention has been paid to enhancing the stability and activity under small current density in three electrode systems,there still lacks validation under industrial current density at the device level.Aiming at this issue,we report highly active and durable ruthenium-iridium alloyed oxides(IrRuO_(x))as the acidic OER catalyst for PEM-WE with exceptional durability for 1600 h at an industrial current density of 2.0 A·cm^(−2).X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that the introduction of iridium modulates the electronic structure of Ru and strengthens the local Ru–O bonds in RuO_(2),which is crucial for ensuring activity and stability.As a result,in comparison with its RuO_(2) counterpart,IrRuO_(x) works stably against the Ru leaching-induced catalytic layer breakage during the stability test.This work demonstrates the great potential of IrRuO_(x) as the practical OER catalyst for the application in PEM-WE.展开更多
The application of single-phase face-centered cubic(FCC)medium entropy alloys(MEAs)in the engi-neering industry is often hindered by the challenge of insufficient strength.In this study,a novel non-equiatomic ratio Ni...The application of single-phase face-centered cubic(FCC)medium entropy alloys(MEAs)in the engi-neering industry is often hindered by the challenge of insufficient strength.In this study,a novel non-equiatomic ratio Ni_(40)Co_(30)Cr_(20)Al_(5)Ti_(5)MEA was successfully fabricated.Through the well-designed mechan-ical heat treatment processing,we introduced a heterogeneous grain structure comprising 67.4%fine grain and 32.6%coarse grain.Additionally,heterogeneous size L12 phases consisting of 18.7%submicron precip-itates and 11.7%nano-sized precipitates,were incorporated into the alloy.Tensile tests conducted at room temperature revealed that the double heterogeneous structure alloy demonstrated remarkable strength–ductility synergy.It exhibited a yield strength of 1200 MPa,an ultimate tensile strength of 1560 MPa and a total elongation of 33.6%.The exceptional strength of the alloy can be primarily attributed to heteroge-neous deformation induced strengthening,grain boundary strengthening and precipitation strengthening.The excellent ductility is mainly attributed to the high-density stacking faults and Lomer–Cottrell locks.This study not only contributes to the clarification of the strengthening and deformation mechanism of double heterogeneous structure alloys but also provides an effective strategy for the development of high-performance alloys with high strength and ductility.展开更多
China started a new round of large-scale equipment upgrades and trade-ins of consumer goods earlier this year,as part of its efforts to increase domestic demands and boost economic growth.It is a key decision of the C...China started a new round of large-scale equipment upgrades and trade-ins of consumer goods earlier this year,as part of its efforts to increase domestic demands and boost economic growth.It is a key decision of the Chinese government to promote the high-quality development.So far,the program has been put in place for more than half a year with impressive results.This article looks into the guiding policy for upgrades and trade-ins,its supporting measures and remarkable effect.展开更多
Shaanxi Province is rich in archaeological heritage.Its capital,Xi’an,was the capital of 13 dynasties up until the end of the Tang Dynasty(618-907),nine of which were stable,united,multiethnic societies that created ...Shaanxi Province is rich in archaeological heritage.Its capital,Xi’an,was the capital of 13 dynasties up until the end of the Tang Dynasty(618-907),nine of which were stable,united,multiethnic societies that created rich cultures and left behind an abundance of precious relics.展开更多
In recent years,China has made remarkable technological progress in a number of areas.Given this progress,it is crucial to rapidly transform technological results into productivity gains.
Effects of Ce refiners on the solidification structure and the mechanical property of ferritic stainless steel were investigated, the corresponding mechanisms were also discussed. The results showed that the solidific...Effects of Ce refiners on the solidification structure and the mechanical property of ferritic stainless steel were investigated, the corresponding mechanisms were also discussed. The results showed that the solidification of the ferritic stainless steel was remarkably refined with 0.011 wt.% Ce and 0.023 wt.% Ce refiners. Ce played a great role of inclusion modification and the shape and size of the inclusions were changed by adding Ce. And after adding rare earth Ce, great amounts of high-melting point rare earth Ce inclusions（Ce2O3 and Ce2O2S） were formed. The fracture mode of 434 ferritic stainless steel was typical cleavage fracture, however, the ductility and the toughness of ferritic stainless steel was remarkably enhanced with 0.011 wt.% Ce and 0.023 wt.% Ce refiner. But the solidification structure and the mechanical property of 434 ferritic stainless steel could not be improved with 0.034 wt.% Cerefiner.展开更多
Sharp local structure, like the leading edge of hypersonic aircraft, confronts a severe aerodynamic heating environment at a Mach number greater than 5. To eliminate the danger of a material failure, a semi-active the...Sharp local structure, like the leading edge of hypersonic aircraft, confronts a severe aerodynamic heating environment at a Mach number greater than 5. To eliminate the danger of a material failure, a semi-active thermal protection system is proposed by integrating a metallic heat pipe into the structure of the leading edge. An analytical heat-balance model is established from traditional aerodynamic theories, and then thermal and mechanical characteristics of the structure are studied at Mach number 6–8 for three refractory alloys, Inconel 625, C-103, and T-111. The feasibility of this simple analytical method as an initial design tool for hypersonic aircraft is assessed through numerical simulations using a finite element method. The results indicate that both the isothermal and the maximum temperatures fall but the von Mises stress increases with a longer design length of the leading edge. These two temperatures and the stress rise remarkably at a higher Mach number. Under all investigated hypersonic conditions, with a 3 mm leading edge radius and a0.15 m design length, the maximum stress exceeds the yield strength of Inconel 625 at Mach numbers greater than 6, which means a material failure. Moreover, both C-103 and T-111 meet all requirements at Mach number 6–8.展开更多
BACKGROUND: At present, fluconazole and intrathecal injection of amphotericin B has been widely used to treat cryptococcal meningitis. However, the application of amphotericin B can shorten course and has good effects...BACKGROUND: At present, fluconazole and intrathecal injection of amphotericin B has been widely used to treat cryptococcal meningitis. However, the application of amphotericin B can shorten course and has good effects on the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects and poor response of the intrathecal injection of amphotericin B on the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. DESIGN: Retrospective-case analysis. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Public Health. PARTICIPANTS: Eight patients with cryptococcal meningitis were selected from Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Public Health from January 1995 to January 2006. Among them, there were 3 males and 5 females aged from 17 to 41 years and the course ranged from 21 days to 3 months. Patients who had symptoms of febrile and headache, positive meninges excitation, positive latex agglutination of cryptococcus of cerebrospinal fluid and positive ink smear were selected in this study. All patients provided informed consent. METHODS: Eight patients were treated with the fluconazole and intrathecal injection of amphotericin B. ① Intracranial hypertension of patients was controlled with flowing cerebrospinal fluid by repeatedly piercing waist; meanwhile, patients were taken the intrathecal injection of amphotericin B combining with flucytosine or fluconazole treatment. The dosage of amphotericin B was 1-5 mg/d at the beginning of administration, and then, the samples were added with 2 mg dexasine and 500 mL 5% glucose solution. The dosage was increased 5.0 mg per day till 50 mg per day, and the total dosage was 3.0-4.0 g. In addition, 2 mg dexasine was mixed with 4.0-5.0 mL cerebrospinal fluid, and then the solution was gradually injected into sheath for once a week. Fluconazole was dripped into vein with the volume of 400 mg per day, and then, 14 days later, fluconazole was orally taken by patients. ② Other therapies, such as decreasing intracranial hypertension, were used at the same time of administration. When cryptococcus of cerebrospinal fluid was negative, patients received the secondary therapy at anaphase. The drug withdrawal was not performed untill ink smear of cerebrospinal fluid was negative for 3 successive cultures. ③ Evaluative criteria: Evaluative criteria were classified into 4 styles: Cure: Clinical symptoms and physical signs disappeared and ink smear of cerebrospinal fluid was negative for 3 successful cultures; Improvement: Clinical symptoms and physical signs were improved remarkably, amount of cerebrospinal fluid was decreased, and ink smear was not negative; inefficiency and death. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Clinical effects and poor responses of intrathecal injection of amphotericin B and fluconazole treatment. RESULTS: Among 8 patients with cryptococcal meningitis, one died due to intracranial hypertension combining with cerebral hernia, and others were returned visit at 1 year after drug withdrawal. ① Clinical effects: Among 8 patients with cryptococcal meningitis, 4 were cured, 3 were improved, and one died. There was no relapse case. ② Results of mycological examination: After first intrathecal injection of 4 improved patients, the amount of cryptococcus of cerebrospinal fluid was decreased 20%-30%; in addition, after intrathecal injection for twice or three times, the amount was decreased 33%-50%. ③ Improvement of intracranial hypertension: Seven patients had the intracranial hypertension. After intrathecal injection for twice or three times, pressure of cerebrospinal fluid was decreased below 2 451.75 Pa, and the clinical symptoms were relieved remarkably. ④ Poor responses: After intrathecal injection, patients had headache, nausea, emesis and pain of lower limb. Especially, 2 cases had transient paraplegia of both lower limbs, one had retention of urine, and two had conscious disturbance. CONCLUSION: Controlling intracranial hypertension with repeatedly piercing waist and intrathecal injection of amphotericin B combining with fluconazole treatment are well therapeutic effects on the fluconazole treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. Healing rate is 50%; however, there are a lot of poor responses at various degrees.展开更多
The flow-accelerated corrosion experiments were carried out to research the effect of Cr on the rust layers formed on the carbon steel and Cr-containing steel,as well as the structure of rust layer of the two experime...The flow-accelerated corrosion experiments were carried out to research the effect of Cr on the rust layers formed on the carbon steel and Cr-containing steel,as well as the structure of rust layer of the two experimental steels.The influence of Cr on the flow-accelerated corrosion resistance and the corrosion morphology of inner rust layer formed on the Cr-containing steel were studied by the methods of polarization curves,scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope.The distribution of Cr and its form of existence in the inner rust layer were analyzed.The results show that corroded mass loss of Cr-containing steel is lower than that of carbon steel and its inner rust layer is compact.Cr exists in the form of Fe2CrO4 and is enriched in the inner rust layer.This concentration could make the inner rust layer exhibit the tendency of amorphous.This phenomenon is related to fine Fe2CrO4.The inner rust layer becomes more compact because of the formation of fine Fe2CrO4,and the protectiveness of inner rust layer could be improved remarkably.展开更多
After a relatively long-term injection of hydrocortisone into rats, the strength of bone (anti-stress capacity) reduced evidently, while the rigidity (anti-deformity capacity) in-creased markedly (ie, bone fragility e...After a relatively long-term injection of hydrocortisone into rats, the strength of bone (anti-stress capacity) reduced evidently, while the rigidity (anti-deformity capacity) in-creased markedly (ie, bone fragility elevated). At the same time, the content of serum 25(OH)D3 decreased remarkably. After oral administration of Liuwei Dihuang Wan (六味地黄丸), anti-stress capability of bone increased evidently and its anti-deformity capability returned to normal; however, there was no elevation of serum 25(OH)D3 content The ef-fect of Longmu Zhuanggu Chongji (龙牡壮骨冲剂) or Jisheng Shenqi Wan (济生肾气丸) was lower than that of Linwei Dihuang Wan. The experiments suggest that Liuwei Dihuang Wan is beneficial to preventing and curing osteoporosis, but no correlation between its mechanism and the metabolism of 25(OH)D3 was demonstrated.展开更多
Bulk cementites with the Cr contents of 0,3.01,6.03,8.22,and 11.51mass% were prepared by mechanical alloying（MA）and spark plasma sintering（SPS）.The results indicated that when the Cr content was low（3.01mass%）,t...Bulk cementites with the Cr contents of 0,3.01,6.03,8.22,and 11.51mass% were prepared by mechanical alloying（MA）and spark plasma sintering（SPS）.The results indicated that when the Cr content was low（3.01mass%）,the phases were composed of cementite with a small amount ofα-Fe at a sintering temperature of 1 173 K,but the microstructure became single-phase alloyed cementite as the Cr content was further increased.It showed that microaddition of Cr was beneficial for promoting the formation of cementite.Furthermore,the mechanical performance of cementite can be greatly affected by the variation of Cr content.The hardness,elastic modulus and elastic recovery presented a remarkably increasing tendency with the addition of Cr,and the maximum micro-hardness and elastic modulus values reached 1 070.74 HV and 199.32 GPa,respectively,which were similar to the precipitation phase（cementite）obtained by melting and casting techniques.Moreover,when the Cr content was below 11.51mass%,the crystal structure of Fe3C-type cementite would not change with increasing the Cr content.A Cr atom replaced an Fe atom in the lattice of the cementite,and voids appeared when Cr was doped into the cementite at content of about11.51mass%,causing the relative density to decrease.展开更多
Low frequency (LF) current (period】25 hour) variation at 5 stations in Jiaozhou Bay. Shijiousuo, and the central part of the Yellow Sea were studied by analyzing the observed long-period current data series in the st...Low frequency (LF) current (period】25 hour) variation at 5 stations in Jiaozhou Bay. Shijiousuo, and the central part of the Yellow Sea were studied by analyzing the observed long-period current data series in the study area.1) There are obvious periods of 3 and 5 days in the LF current spectra. The energy spectral value of LF current of a 5 day period is remarkably larger than that of a 3 day period. These periods reflect the correlations between the LF current variation and the LF water level variation.2) The feet that the 15-day period in the LF current spectra corresponds to the semi-monthly celestial tide period indicates that the tide-induced residual current is an important and most evident LF current component in the bay.3) The LF current spectral energy density in the northward direction is much larger than that in the eastward direction. This shows the frequency and strength of the wind field in the northward direction are evidently larger than that in the eastward direction.展开更多
The Pearl River Delta is a unique and extremely complicated ecological system remarkably influenced by runoff. Investigation data obtained in March of 1987 were studied and used to calculate the transformation rate of...The Pearl River Delta is a unique and extremely complicated ecological system remarkably influenced by runoff. Investigation data obtained in March of 1987 were studied and used to calculate the transformation rate of carbon , the transformation coefficients of river water and sea water , and the flux coefficient of carbon in the reservoirs in the three estuarine bays (Lingdingyang , Modaomen and Yamen) of the Pearl River .展开更多
The authors corrected the abnormal fetal posi-tion in 413 cases of pregnant women by the auri-cular plaster therapy(APT)with a success rate of83.3%—remarkably higher than treatment by knee-chest positioning.Further a...The authors corrected the abnormal fetal posi-tion in 413 cases of pregnant women by the auri-cular plaster therapy(APT)with a success rate of83.3%—remarkably higher than treatment by knee-chest positioning.Further analysis showed that APTwas also supperior to the knee-chest positioning forprimiparae,breech fetal position,and pregancies over33 weeks.The authors also noted the clinical signsof successful cases and failures.展开更多
The contents of Met-enkephalin(MEK)andLeu-enkephalin(LEK)in striatum and MEK in hypo-thalamus of rat increased markedly after electroacu-puncture analgesia(EAA).Intraperitoneal injec-tion of phentolamine,a blocker of ...The contents of Met-enkephalin(MEK)andLeu-enkephalin(LEK)in striatum and MEK in hypo-thalamus of rat increased markedly after electroacu-puncture analgesia(EAA).Intraperitoneal injec-tion of phentolamine,a blocker of a receptor,po-tentiated the EAA and abolished the effects of EAincreasing MEK and LEK contents;while injectionof propranolol,a blocker of β receptor,partially in-hibited the EAA,as well as abolished the effects ofEA increasing MEK and LEK concentrations in thestriatum and the hypothalamus,and also elevatedthe MEK and LEK contents in hippocampus andMEK level in cortex.The results indicate that EA regulates metabo-lism of MEK and LEK,as well as EAA partiallyvia α and β receptors.展开更多
Glomerulonephritis,an importantcause of renal failure,is an immunologicdisease.Allergic reaction and blood coagu-lation abnormality play the main roles in itspathogenesis.Traditional Chinese drugs areoften effective i...Glomerulonephritis,an importantcause of renal failure,is an immunologicdisease.Allergic reaction and blood coagu-lation abnormality play the main roles in itspathogenesis.Traditional Chinese drugs areoften effective in clinical therapy.Therefore,to explore their therapeutic effect and mech-anism in laboratory is signifieant.In general.展开更多
1307 Cases with painful disease were reported. 568 cases were cured, 43.4% ofthe total: 476, remarkably effective, 36.4%; 194, effective, 14.9%; 69, no effect, 5.3%. The to-tal effective rate was 94.7%. The rate for t...1307 Cases with painful disease were reported. 568 cases were cured, 43.4% ofthe total: 476, remarkably effective, 36.4%; 194, effective, 14.9%; 69, no effect, 5.3%. The to-tal effective rate was 94.7%. The rate for the cured and remarkably effective was 79.8 %. The acutepain with short diseases course can be treated with instant effect. Clinical practice has proved that di-agnosis and treatment based on an overall analysis of symptoms and signs, the right option of acu-points and correct use of stimulations are the key link of how to increase the curative effect.展开更多
文摘Sekeres et al. （1） conducted a multicenter randomized, controlled trial to compare whether azacitidine-based combinations with lenalidomide or vorinostat produce superior overall response rates to azacitidine in the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes （MDS）. In that trial, 224 patients with higher-risk MDS and 53 with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia （CMML） were enrolled and randomly assigned to the ＂azacitidine＂ group, ＂azacitidine plus lenalidomide＂ group or ＂azacitidine plus vorinostat＂ group. The researchers found that patients with MDS treated with azacitidine-based combinations had similar response rate to azacitidine monotherapy. Using genomic mutation analysis, they found that the overall response rate to azacitidine-based treatment was higher for patients with mutations in DNMT3A and lower for those with mutations in SRSF2. Whereas in another study, Welch et al. enrolled 26 patients with MDS and 90 with acute myeloid leukemia （AML） who were treated with decitabine, and they found that patients with TP53 mutations had a higher response rate, but not those with DNMT3A mutations （2）. We propose that this big discrepancy in the conclusions between the two studies might have been caused by the presence of many co-interacting factors, e.g. study aims, DNA demethylating agents, treatment protocols, and patient sources.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.YQ2020E009).
文摘Robust, ultra-flexible, and multifunctional MXene-basedelectromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding nanocomposite filmsexhibit enormous potential for applications in artificial intelligence,wireless telecommunication, and portable/wearable electronic equipment.In this work, a nacre-inspired multifunctional heterocyclic aramid(HA)/MXene@polypyrrole (PPy) (HMP) nanocomposite paper withlarge-scale, high strength, super toughness, and excellent tolerance tocomplex conditions is fabricated through the strategy of HA/MXenehydrogel template-assisted in-situ assembly of PPy. Benefiting from the"brick-and-mortar" layered structure and the strong hydrogen-bondinginteractions among MXene, HA, and PPy, the paper exhibits remarkable mechanical performances, including high tensile strength (309.7 MPa),outstanding toughness (57.6 MJ m−3), exceptional foldability, and structural stability against ultrasonication. By using the template effect ofHA/MXene to guide the assembly of conductive polymers, the synthesized paper obtains excellent electronic conductivity. More importantly,the highly continuous conductive path enables the nanocomposite paper to achieve a splendid EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 54.1 dBat an ultra-thin thickness (25.4 μm) and a high specific EMI SE of 17,204.7 dB cm2g−1. In addition, the papers also have excellent applicationsin electromagnetic protection, electro-/photothermal de-icing, thermal therapy, and fire safety. These findings broaden the ideas for developinghigh-performance and multifunctional MXene-based films with enormous application potential in EMI shielding and thermal management.
文摘Over the past decade,artificial intelligence(AI)has evolved at an unprecedented pace,transforming technology,industry,and society.From diagnosing diseases with remarkable accuracy to powering self-driving cars and revolutionizing personalized learning,AI is reshaping our world in ways once thought impossible.Spanning fields such as machine learning,deep learning,natural language processing,robotics,and ChatGPT,AI continues to push the boundaries of innovation.As AI continues to advance,it is vital to have a platform that not only disseminates cutting-edge research innovations but also fosters broad discussions on its societal impact,ethical considerations,and interdisciplinary applications.With this vision in mind,we proudly introduce Artificial Intelligence Science and Engineering(AISE)-a journal dedicated to nurturing the next wave of AI innovation and engineering applications.Our mission is to provide a premier outlet where researchers can share high-quality,impactful studies and collaborate to advance AI across academia,industry,and beyond.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1500400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22175163)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(No.2208085UD04)Anhui Development and Reform Commission(Nos.AHZDCYCX-LSDT2023-08 and AHZDCYCX-LSDT2023-07)the Department of Ecology and Environment of Anhui Province(No.2023hb0018)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.WK2060000016).
文摘Despite the cost and activity advantages,ruthenium-based oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts face severe stability problems for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEM-WE)due to Ru dissolution.Although tremendous attention has been paid to enhancing the stability and activity under small current density in three electrode systems,there still lacks validation under industrial current density at the device level.Aiming at this issue,we report highly active and durable ruthenium-iridium alloyed oxides(IrRuO_(x))as the acidic OER catalyst for PEM-WE with exceptional durability for 1600 h at an industrial current density of 2.0 A·cm^(−2).X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that the introduction of iridium modulates the electronic structure of Ru and strengthens the local Ru–O bonds in RuO_(2),which is crucial for ensuring activity and stability.As a result,in comparison with its RuO_(2) counterpart,IrRuO_(x) works stably against the Ru leaching-induced catalytic layer breakage during the stability test.This work demonstrates the great potential of IrRuO_(x) as the practical OER catalyst for the application in PEM-WE.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFA1603800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12274362)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Hebei Province(No.216Z1012G)。
文摘The application of single-phase face-centered cubic(FCC)medium entropy alloys(MEAs)in the engi-neering industry is often hindered by the challenge of insufficient strength.In this study,a novel non-equiatomic ratio Ni_(40)Co_(30)Cr_(20)Al_(5)Ti_(5)MEA was successfully fabricated.Through the well-designed mechan-ical heat treatment processing,we introduced a heterogeneous grain structure comprising 67.4%fine grain and 32.6%coarse grain.Additionally,heterogeneous size L12 phases consisting of 18.7%submicron precip-itates and 11.7%nano-sized precipitates,were incorporated into the alloy.Tensile tests conducted at room temperature revealed that the double heterogeneous structure alloy demonstrated remarkable strength–ductility synergy.It exhibited a yield strength of 1200 MPa,an ultimate tensile strength of 1560 MPa and a total elongation of 33.6%.The exceptional strength of the alloy can be primarily attributed to heteroge-neous deformation induced strengthening,grain boundary strengthening and precipitation strengthening.The excellent ductility is mainly attributed to the high-density stacking faults and Lomer–Cottrell locks.This study not only contributes to the clarification of the strengthening and deformation mechanism of double heterogeneous structure alloys but also provides an effective strategy for the development of high-performance alloys with high strength and ductility.
文摘China started a new round of large-scale equipment upgrades and trade-ins of consumer goods earlier this year,as part of its efforts to increase domestic demands and boost economic growth.It is a key decision of the Chinese government to promote the high-quality development.So far,the program has been put in place for more than half a year with impressive results.This article looks into the guiding policy for upgrades and trade-ins,its supporting measures and remarkable effect.
文摘Shaanxi Province is rich in archaeological heritage.Its capital,Xi’an,was the capital of 13 dynasties up until the end of the Tang Dynasty(618-907),nine of which were stable,united,multiethnic societies that created rich cultures and left behind an abundance of precious relics.
文摘In recent years,China has made remarkable technological progress in a number of areas.Given this progress,it is crucial to rapidly transform technological results into productivity gains.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province,China(2015011068)
文摘Effects of Ce refiners on the solidification structure and the mechanical property of ferritic stainless steel were investigated, the corresponding mechanisms were also discussed. The results showed that the solidification of the ferritic stainless steel was remarkably refined with 0.011 wt.% Ce and 0.023 wt.% Ce refiners. Ce played a great role of inclusion modification and the shape and size of the inclusions were changed by adding Ce. And after adding rare earth Ce, great amounts of high-melting point rare earth Ce inclusions（Ce2O3 and Ce2O2S） were formed. The fracture mode of 434 ferritic stainless steel was typical cleavage fracture, however, the ductility and the toughness of ferritic stainless steel was remarkably enhanced with 0.011 wt.% Ce and 0.023 wt.% Ce refiner. But the solidification structure and the mechanical property of 434 ferritic stainless steel could not be improved with 0.034 wt.% Cerefiner.
基金financially supported by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51121004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.HIT.BRETIV.201315)
文摘Sharp local structure, like the leading edge of hypersonic aircraft, confronts a severe aerodynamic heating environment at a Mach number greater than 5. To eliminate the danger of a material failure, a semi-active thermal protection system is proposed by integrating a metallic heat pipe into the structure of the leading edge. An analytical heat-balance model is established from traditional aerodynamic theories, and then thermal and mechanical characteristics of the structure are studied at Mach number 6–8 for three refractory alloys, Inconel 625, C-103, and T-111. The feasibility of this simple analytical method as an initial design tool for hypersonic aircraft is assessed through numerical simulations using a finite element method. The results indicate that both the isothermal and the maximum temperatures fall but the von Mises stress increases with a longer design length of the leading edge. These two temperatures and the stress rise remarkably at a higher Mach number. Under all investigated hypersonic conditions, with a 3 mm leading edge radius and a0.15 m design length, the maximum stress exceeds the yield strength of Inconel 625 at Mach numbers greater than 6, which means a material failure. Moreover, both C-103 and T-111 meet all requirements at Mach number 6–8.
文摘BACKGROUND: At present, fluconazole and intrathecal injection of amphotericin B has been widely used to treat cryptococcal meningitis. However, the application of amphotericin B can shorten course and has good effects on the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects and poor response of the intrathecal injection of amphotericin B on the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. DESIGN: Retrospective-case analysis. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Public Health. PARTICIPANTS: Eight patients with cryptococcal meningitis were selected from Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital of Ministry of Public Health from January 1995 to January 2006. Among them, there were 3 males and 5 females aged from 17 to 41 years and the course ranged from 21 days to 3 months. Patients who had symptoms of febrile and headache, positive meninges excitation, positive latex agglutination of cryptococcus of cerebrospinal fluid and positive ink smear were selected in this study. All patients provided informed consent. METHODS: Eight patients were treated with the fluconazole and intrathecal injection of amphotericin B. ① Intracranial hypertension of patients was controlled with flowing cerebrospinal fluid by repeatedly piercing waist; meanwhile, patients were taken the intrathecal injection of amphotericin B combining with flucytosine or fluconazole treatment. The dosage of amphotericin B was 1-5 mg/d at the beginning of administration, and then, the samples were added with 2 mg dexasine and 500 mL 5% glucose solution. The dosage was increased 5.0 mg per day till 50 mg per day, and the total dosage was 3.0-4.0 g. In addition, 2 mg dexasine was mixed with 4.0-5.0 mL cerebrospinal fluid, and then the solution was gradually injected into sheath for once a week. Fluconazole was dripped into vein with the volume of 400 mg per day, and then, 14 days later, fluconazole was orally taken by patients. ② Other therapies, such as decreasing intracranial hypertension, were used at the same time of administration. When cryptococcus of cerebrospinal fluid was negative, patients received the secondary therapy at anaphase. The drug withdrawal was not performed untill ink smear of cerebrospinal fluid was negative for 3 successive cultures. ③ Evaluative criteria: Evaluative criteria were classified into 4 styles: Cure: Clinical symptoms and physical signs disappeared and ink smear of cerebrospinal fluid was negative for 3 successful cultures; Improvement: Clinical symptoms and physical signs were improved remarkably, amount of cerebrospinal fluid was decreased, and ink smear was not negative; inefficiency and death. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Clinical effects and poor responses of intrathecal injection of amphotericin B and fluconazole treatment. RESULTS: Among 8 patients with cryptococcal meningitis, one died due to intracranial hypertension combining with cerebral hernia, and others were returned visit at 1 year after drug withdrawal. ① Clinical effects: Among 8 patients with cryptococcal meningitis, 4 were cured, 3 were improved, and one died. There was no relapse case. ② Results of mycological examination: After first intrathecal injection of 4 improved patients, the amount of cryptococcus of cerebrospinal fluid was decreased 20%-30%; in addition, after intrathecal injection for twice or three times, the amount was decreased 33%-50%. ③ Improvement of intracranial hypertension: Seven patients had the intracranial hypertension. After intrathecal injection for twice or three times, pressure of cerebrospinal fluid was decreased below 2 451.75 Pa, and the clinical symptoms were relieved remarkably. ④ Poor responses: After intrathecal injection, patients had headache, nausea, emesis and pain of lower limb. Especially, 2 cases had transient paraplegia of both lower limbs, one had retention of urine, and two had conscious disturbance. CONCLUSION: Controlling intracranial hypertension with repeatedly piercing waist and intrathecal injection of amphotericin B combining with fluconazole treatment are well therapeutic effects on the fluconazole treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. Healing rate is 50%; however, there are a lot of poor responses at various degrees.
文摘The flow-accelerated corrosion experiments were carried out to research the effect of Cr on the rust layers formed on the carbon steel and Cr-containing steel,as well as the structure of rust layer of the two experimental steels.The influence of Cr on the flow-accelerated corrosion resistance and the corrosion morphology of inner rust layer formed on the Cr-containing steel were studied by the methods of polarization curves,scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope.The distribution of Cr and its form of existence in the inner rust layer were analyzed.The results show that corroded mass loss of Cr-containing steel is lower than that of carbon steel and its inner rust layer is compact.Cr exists in the form of Fe2CrO4 and is enriched in the inner rust layer.This concentration could make the inner rust layer exhibit the tendency of amorphous.This phenomenon is related to fine Fe2CrO4.The inner rust layer becomes more compact because of the formation of fine Fe2CrO4,and the protectiveness of inner rust layer could be improved remarkably.
文摘After a relatively long-term injection of hydrocortisone into rats, the strength of bone (anti-stress capacity) reduced evidently, while the rigidity (anti-deformity capacity) in-creased markedly (ie, bone fragility elevated). At the same time, the content of serum 25(OH)D3 decreased remarkably. After oral administration of Liuwei Dihuang Wan (六味地黄丸), anti-stress capability of bone increased evidently and its anti-deformity capability returned to normal; however, there was no elevation of serum 25(OH)D3 content The ef-fect of Longmu Zhuanggu Chongji (龙牡壮骨冲剂) or Jisheng Shenqi Wan (济生肾气丸) was lower than that of Linwei Dihuang Wan. The experiments suggest that Liuwei Dihuang Wan is beneficial to preventing and curing osteoporosis, but no correlation between its mechanism and the metabolism of 25(OH)D3 was demonstrated.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51371138)
文摘Bulk cementites with the Cr contents of 0,3.01,6.03,8.22,and 11.51mass% were prepared by mechanical alloying（MA）and spark plasma sintering（SPS）.The results indicated that when the Cr content was low（3.01mass%）,the phases were composed of cementite with a small amount ofα-Fe at a sintering temperature of 1 173 K,but the microstructure became single-phase alloyed cementite as the Cr content was further increased.It showed that microaddition of Cr was beneficial for promoting the formation of cementite.Furthermore,the mechanical performance of cementite can be greatly affected by the variation of Cr content.The hardness,elastic modulus and elastic recovery presented a remarkably increasing tendency with the addition of Cr,and the maximum micro-hardness and elastic modulus values reached 1 070.74 HV and 199.32 GPa,respectively,which were similar to the precipitation phase（cementite）obtained by melting and casting techniques.Moreover,when the Cr content was below 11.51mass%,the crystal structure of Fe3C-type cementite would not change with increasing the Cr content.A Cr atom replaced an Fe atom in the lattice of the cementite,and voids appeared when Cr was doped into the cementite at content of about11.51mass%,causing the relative density to decrease.
文摘Low frequency (LF) current (period】25 hour) variation at 5 stations in Jiaozhou Bay. Shijiousuo, and the central part of the Yellow Sea were studied by analyzing the observed long-period current data series in the study area.1) There are obvious periods of 3 and 5 days in the LF current spectra. The energy spectral value of LF current of a 5 day period is remarkably larger than that of a 3 day period. These periods reflect the correlations between the LF current variation and the LF water level variation.2) The feet that the 15-day period in the LF current spectra corresponds to the semi-monthly celestial tide period indicates that the tide-induced residual current is an important and most evident LF current component in the bay.3) The LF current spectral energy density in the northward direction is much larger than that in the eastward direction. This shows the frequency and strength of the wind field in the northward direction are evidently larger than that in the eastward direction.
基金This project was supported by the National Science Foundation of China
文摘The Pearl River Delta is a unique and extremely complicated ecological system remarkably influenced by runoff. Investigation data obtained in March of 1987 were studied and used to calculate the transformation rate of carbon , the transformation coefficients of river water and sea water , and the flux coefficient of carbon in the reservoirs in the three estuarine bays (Lingdingyang , Modaomen and Yamen) of the Pearl River .
文摘The authors corrected the abnormal fetal posi-tion in 413 cases of pregnant women by the auri-cular plaster therapy(APT)with a success rate of83.3%—remarkably higher than treatment by knee-chest positioning.Further analysis showed that APTwas also supperior to the knee-chest positioning forprimiparae,breech fetal position,and pregancies over33 weeks.The authors also noted the clinical signsof successful cases and failures.
文摘The contents of Met-enkephalin(MEK)andLeu-enkephalin(LEK)in striatum and MEK in hypo-thalamus of rat increased markedly after electroacu-puncture analgesia(EAA).Intraperitoneal injec-tion of phentolamine,a blocker of a receptor,po-tentiated the EAA and abolished the effects of EAincreasing MEK and LEK contents;while injectionof propranolol,a blocker of β receptor,partially in-hibited the EAA,as well as abolished the effects ofEA increasing MEK and LEK concentrations in thestriatum and the hypothalamus,and also elevatedthe MEK and LEK contents in hippocampus andMEK level in cortex.The results indicate that EA regulates metabo-lism of MEK and LEK,as well as EAA partiallyvia α and β receptors.
文摘Glomerulonephritis,an importantcause of renal failure,is an immunologicdisease.Allergic reaction and blood coagu-lation abnormality play the main roles in itspathogenesis.Traditional Chinese drugs areoften effective in clinical therapy.Therefore,to explore their therapeutic effect and mech-anism in laboratory is signifieant.In general.
文摘1307 Cases with painful disease were reported. 568 cases were cured, 43.4% ofthe total: 476, remarkably effective, 36.4%; 194, effective, 14.9%; 69, no effect, 5.3%. The to-tal effective rate was 94.7%. The rate for the cured and remarkably effective was 79.8 %. The acutepain with short diseases course can be treated with instant effect. Clinical practice has proved that di-agnosis and treatment based on an overall analysis of symptoms and signs, the right option of acu-points and correct use of stimulations are the key link of how to increase the curative effect.
