Protocol Reverse Engineering(PRE)is of great practical importance in Internet security-related fields such as intrusion detection,vulnerability mining,and protocol fuzzing.For unknown binary protocols having fixed-len...Protocol Reverse Engineering(PRE)is of great practical importance in Internet security-related fields such as intrusion detection,vulnerability mining,and protocol fuzzing.For unknown binary protocols having fixed-length fields,and the accurate identification of field boundaries has a great impact on the subsequent analysis and final performance.Hence,this paper proposes a new protocol segmentation method based on Information-theoretic statistical analysis for binary protocols by formulating the field segmentation of unsupervised binary protocols as a probabilistic inference problem and modeling its uncertainty.Specifically,we design four related constructions between entropy changes and protocol field segmentation,introduce random variables,and construct joint probability distributions with traffic sample observations.Probabilistic inference is then performed to identify the possible protocol segmentation points.Extensive trials on nine common public and industrial control protocols show that the proposed method yields higher-quality protocol segmentation results.展开更多
[Objectives]This study aimed at providing gist for selecting qualified transport containers by comparing the performance of common SPF mouse transport containers at home and abroad,and laying a foundation for subseque...[Objectives]This study aimed at providing gist for selecting qualified transport containers by comparing the performance of common SPF mouse transport containers at home and abroad,and laying a foundation for subsequent improvement of transport containers.[Methods]In this study,5 different transport containers were selected,and their microbial filtration performance,ventilation,sterilization method and flux,and other related design and construction were analyzed.[Results]The results showed all 5 SPF mouse transport containers can provide enough air for the survival of mouse and protect them from bacterial infections.Transport container B and D are superior to others on one-time sterilization flux and deformation degree after autoclaving.Furthermore,taking into account the related design and construction of these transport containers,such as viewing window and carrying handle,the result of comprehensive comparison is that the transport container D>A>E>C>B.[Conclusions]In summary,the 5 SPF transport containers tested in this study can all satisfy the basic demand of SPF mouse transportation,but each transport container has its own advantages and disadvantages on storage space,deformation degree after autoclaving and other aspects.Thus,SPF mouse transport containers should be selected by different demand.展开更多
Giral Lignite Mine succession(Akli Formation)from Barmer Basin,Rajasthan yielded rich assemblage of dinoflagellate cysts and compared with the global dinoflagellate zonation schemes,and a Danian-Thanetian age is propo...Giral Lignite Mine succession(Akli Formation)from Barmer Basin,Rajasthan yielded rich assemblage of dinoflagellate cysts and compared with the global dinoflagellate zonation schemes,and a Danian-Thanetian age is proposed.Within a precise biostratigraphic control,changes in the terrestrial and marine palynomorphs allowed the construction of relative sea level fluctuation curve and the development of depositonal succession in a sequence stratigraphic framework.Based on the lithological and palynological content,the Giral Lignite Mine succession is divided in to five units.展开更多
1 Introduction Advances in human genetics have facilitated the investigation of the genetic architecture underlying numerous complex traits.In particular,studies of quantitative expression trait loci(eQTL)have played ...1 Introduction Advances in human genetics have facilitated the investigation of the genetic architecture underlying numerous complex traits.In particular,studies of quantitative expression trait loci(eQTL)have played a pivotal role in elucidating how genetic variants influence gene expression across cell types.This progress has enabled the quantification of effect size for disease genetic risk loci and the construction of binary relational datasets linking diseases to their respective disease genes,such as Fantom5[1]and DisGeNET[2].展开更多
Distortion manipulation emerges as an efficient approach to obtain desired perovskite phases for various applications.In part I of this study,we propose a paradigm to quantify the structural distortion manipulation,wh...Distortion manipulation emerges as an efficient approach to obtain desired perovskite phases for various applications.In part I of this study,we propose a paradigm to quantify the structural distortion manipulation,which enables us to obtain desired perovskite phases by translating relevant materials research into a single mathematical question.As part II of this continuous study,we construct normalized structures by introducing all possible couplings of dominant distortions into a cubic supercell and then compare them with variously shaped primitive/conventional cells known in the database.The structure comparison demonstrates that distortions are the only cause for phase and property variations.This confirms that our proposed distortion parameters can be directly used to construct phases,providing theoretical support for the paradigm in Part I.Given the limited number of distortion types,we identify that the positional relations involved in distortion arrangements and couplings are the keys to describe numerous phases.Furtherly,a three-step workflow is proposed with core contents related to the positional relation,distortion hierarchy,and distortion-component-generation ordering in spatial dimension,respectively.The definition basis and value changes of distortion/model parameters in this workflow illustration provide guidelines about how to reveal the logic behind the perovskite phase evolution.展开更多
In this paper,we calculate the 2-local unstable homotopy groups of indecomposable A^(2)_(3)-complexes.The main technique used is analysing the homotopy property of J(A,X),defined by Gray(1973) for a CW-pair(X,A),which...In this paper,we calculate the 2-local unstable homotopy groups of indecomposable A^(2)_(3)-complexes.The main technique used is analysing the homotopy property of J(A,X),defined by Gray(1973) for a CW-pair(X,A),which is homotopy equivalent to the homotopy fibre of the pinch map X∪CA→∑A.展开更多
文摘Protocol Reverse Engineering(PRE)is of great practical importance in Internet security-related fields such as intrusion detection,vulnerability mining,and protocol fuzzing.For unknown binary protocols having fixed-length fields,and the accurate identification of field boundaries has a great impact on the subsequent analysis and final performance.Hence,this paper proposes a new protocol segmentation method based on Information-theoretic statistical analysis for binary protocols by formulating the field segmentation of unsupervised binary protocols as a probabilistic inference problem and modeling its uncertainty.Specifically,we design four related constructions between entropy changes and protocol field segmentation,introduce random variables,and construct joint probability distributions with traffic sample observations.Probabilistic inference is then performed to identify the possible protocol segmentation points.Extensive trials on nine common public and industrial control protocols show that the proposed method yields higher-quality protocol segmentation results.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Project of Jiangsu Laboratory Animal Association(DWXH201907).
文摘[Objectives]This study aimed at providing gist for selecting qualified transport containers by comparing the performance of common SPF mouse transport containers at home and abroad,and laying a foundation for subsequent improvement of transport containers.[Methods]In this study,5 different transport containers were selected,and their microbial filtration performance,ventilation,sterilization method and flux,and other related design and construction were analyzed.[Results]The results showed all 5 SPF mouse transport containers can provide enough air for the survival of mouse and protect them from bacterial infections.Transport container B and D are superior to others on one-time sterilization flux and deformation degree after autoclaving.Furthermore,taking into account the related design and construction of these transport containers,such as viewing window and carrying handle,the result of comprehensive comparison is that the transport container D>A>E>C>B.[Conclusions]In summary,the 5 SPF transport containers tested in this study can all satisfy the basic demand of SPF mouse transportation,but each transport container has its own advantages and disadvantages on storage space,deformation degree after autoclaving and other aspects.Thus,SPF mouse transport containers should be selected by different demand.
文摘Giral Lignite Mine succession(Akli Formation)from Barmer Basin,Rajasthan yielded rich assemblage of dinoflagellate cysts and compared with the global dinoflagellate zonation schemes,and a Danian-Thanetian age is proposed.Within a precise biostratigraphic control,changes in the terrestrial and marine palynomorphs allowed the construction of relative sea level fluctuation curve and the development of depositonal succession in a sequence stratigraphic framework.Based on the lithological and palynological content,the Giral Lignite Mine succession is divided in to five units.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62172318,62372349,62132015).
文摘1 Introduction Advances in human genetics have facilitated the investigation of the genetic architecture underlying numerous complex traits.In particular,studies of quantitative expression trait loci(eQTL)have played a pivotal role in elucidating how genetic variants influence gene expression across cell types.This progress has enabled the quantification of effect size for disease genetic risk loci and the construction of binary relational datasets linking diseases to their respective disease genes,such as Fantom5[1]and DisGeNET[2].
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB3802104).
文摘Distortion manipulation emerges as an efficient approach to obtain desired perovskite phases for various applications.In part I of this study,we propose a paradigm to quantify the structural distortion manipulation,which enables us to obtain desired perovskite phases by translating relevant materials research into a single mathematical question.As part II of this continuous study,we construct normalized structures by introducing all possible couplings of dominant distortions into a cubic supercell and then compare them with variously shaped primitive/conventional cells known in the database.The structure comparison demonstrates that distortions are the only cause for phase and property variations.This confirms that our proposed distortion parameters can be directly used to construct phases,providing theoretical support for the paradigm in Part I.Given the limited number of distortion types,we identify that the positional relations involved in distortion arrangements and couplings are the keys to describe numerous phases.Furtherly,a three-step workflow is proposed with core contents related to the positional relation,distortion hierarchy,and distortion-component-generation ordering in spatial dimension,respectively.The definition basis and value changes of distortion/model parameters in this workflow illustration provide guidelines about how to reveal the logic behind the perovskite phase evolution.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11701430), supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11971461)。
文摘In this paper,we calculate the 2-local unstable homotopy groups of indecomposable A^(2)_(3)-complexes.The main technique used is analysing the homotopy property of J(A,X),defined by Gray(1973) for a CW-pair(X,A),which is homotopy equivalent to the homotopy fibre of the pinch map X∪CA→∑A.
