Cilia are indispensable for organ development and function,and their dysfunction causes a range of syndromic diseases known as ciliopathies,including obesity,cystic kidney disease,situs inversus,and male infertility(R...Cilia are indispensable for organ development and function,and their dysfunction causes a range of syndromic diseases known as ciliopathies,including obesity,cystic kidney disease,situs inversus,and male infertility(Reiter and Leroux,2017;Wallmeier et al.,2020).To date,over 180 ciliopathy-associated genes have been identified(Reiter and Leroux,2017),yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.展开更多
Agrochemicals,especially plant growth regulators(PGRs),are extensively used to modulate endogenous phytohormone signals in small quantities,significantly infiuencing plant growth and development.Plant hormones typical...Agrochemicals,especially plant growth regulators(PGRs),are extensively used to modulate endogenous phytohormone signals in small quantities,significantly infiuencing plant growth and development.Plant hormones typically exhibit diverse chemical structures,with common examples including indole rings,terpenoid frameworks,adenine motifs,cyclic lactones,cyclopentanones,and steroidal compounds,which are extensively employed in pesticides.This article explores the interactions and biological activities of small molecules on proteins,enzymes,and other reactive sites involved in the biosynthesis,metabolism,transport,and signal transduction pathways of various plant hormones.Additionally,it analyzes the structure-activity relationships(SARs)of pesticides incorporating these structural motifs to elucidate the relationship between active fragments,pharmacophores,and targets,highlighting the characteristics of potent small molecules and their derivatives.This comprehensive review aims to provide novel perspectives for the development and design of pesticides,offering valuable insights for researchers in the field.展开更多
AIM:To explore the immune cell infiltration and molecular mechanisms of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury(RIRI)to identify potential therapeutic targets.METHODS:In the bulk RNA-seq analysis,This study performed diff...AIM:To explore the immune cell infiltration and molecular mechanisms of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury(RIRI)to identify potential therapeutic targets.METHODS:In the bulk RNA-seq analysis,This study performed differential gene expression analysis,weighted gene co-expression network analysis,and protein-protein interaction network analysis to identify hub genes.QuanTIseq was used to determine the composition of infiltrating immune cells.Following the identification of hub genes,single-cell RNA-seq analysis was employed to pinpoint the specific immune cell types expressing these hub genes.Cell-cell communication analysis to explore signaling pathways and interactions between immune cells was further performed.Finally,the expression of these key immune regulators in vivo using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was validated.RESULTS:Bulk RNA-seq analysis identified Stat2,Irf7,Irgm1,Igtp,Parp9,Irgm2,Nlrc5,and Tap1 as hub genes,with strong correlations to immune cell infiltration.Single-cell RNA-seq analysis further revealed six immune cell clusters,showing Irf7 predominantly in microglia and Tap1 in dendritic cells(DCs).And cell-cell communication analysis showed that microglia and DCs play central roles in coordinating immune activity.qRT-PCR validated the upregulation of these genes.CONCLUSION:In the acute phase of RIRI,Irf7 and Tap1 may be the potential therapeutic targets to reduce inflammation and promote neurological function recovery.展开更多
This review explores the pivotal role of circadian rhythm regulators,particularly the PER genes,in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma(OSCC).As key constituents of the biological clock,PERs exhibit a downregulated expression...This review explores the pivotal role of circadian rhythm regulators,particularly the PER genes,in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma(OSCC).As key constituents of the biological clock,PERs exhibit a downregulated expression pattern in OSCC,and the expression levels of PERs in OSCC patients are correlated with a favorable prognosis.PERs impact the occurrence and development of OSCC through multiple pathways.In the regulation of cell proliferation,they can function not only through cell cycle regultion but also via metabolic pathways.For example,PER1 can interact with receptors for activated C kinase 1(RACK1)and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)through its PAS domain to inhibit glycolysis and thereby reduce cell proliferation.Regarding the regulation of cell death,PERs mediate various types of cell death in OSCC cells,such as p53-dependent apoptosis,protein kinase B(AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)dependent autophagy,or hypoxia-inducible factor l-alpha(HIF-1a)mediated ferroptosis.In regulating epithelia-mesenchymal transition(EMT),PERs can lead to the downregulation of EMT related genes,such as zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1/2(ZEBI/2),twist family BHLH transcription factor 1/2(TWIST1/2),and Vimentin,thereby influencing the migration and invasion capabilities of OSCC cells.In tumor angiogenesis,PERs exert regulatory effects on related factors,such as methionyl aminopeptidase 2(MetAP2)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).In the tumor immune microenvironment,PERs can inhibit the inhibitor of kappa B kinase(IKK)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-kB)pathway and programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)expression,thereby enhancing the cytotoxic effect of CD8+T cells on OSCC cells.In-depth studies focusing on elucidating the precise regulatory mechanisms of PERs can facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies targeting PERs,including restoration of PERs expression/activity,targeting PERs-regulated pathways,combination therapies,and chronotherapy.These furnish a theoretical foundation for formulating individualized treatment plans to achieve precise treatment for patients with OSCC.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the influence of different plant growth regulators on apricot pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Method] Pollens of six kinds of Xinjiang apricots were cultured in ...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the influence of different plant growth regulators on apricot pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Method] Pollens of six kinds of Xinjiang apricots were cultured in solid media supplemented with five plant growth regulators （GA3 , NAA, 2, 4-D, 6-BA, IAA）. Then the rate of pollen germination and the length of pollen tube were respectively measured. [Result] In a certain concentration range, GA3 most significantly promoted the pollen germination and the pollen tube growth of Shushanggan, Kalayulvke, Dayoujia, Yiliakeyulvke and Kabakehuanna; NNA had the strongest improvement function on Kumaiti’s pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Conclusion] All the five plant growth regulators promoted the pollen germination and the pollen tube growth of apricots at low concentration but inhibited them at high concentration.展开更多
The effects of four kinds of plant growth regulators with different concentrations on narcissi were studied in 2001. The results showed that the regulators could inhibit the growths of height and leaves of narcissi. O...The effects of four kinds of plant growth regulators with different concentrations on narcissi were studied in 2001. The results showed that the regulators could inhibit the growths of height and leaves of narcissi. Of the four regulators, the dwarfing effects of paclobatrazol (PP333) and uniconazole (S3307) on narcissi were better than those of chlorocholine (CCC) and dimethyl amino-sussinamic acid (B9). All of the regulators did not have significant effect on the root length. Moreover, the time of flowering was later for the narcissi treated with regulators than that of the control to a certain extent, and the range delayed was from 2 days to 19 days. The correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant correlation between the time of flowering and the concentrations of regulators. The ornament value of narcissi was obviously improved by using the regulators.展开更多
This paper reviewed the toxicity,maximum residue limits(MRLs)and current residue status of commonly used plant growth regulators in vegetables,including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D),naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA...This paper reviewed the toxicity,maximum residue limits(MRLs)and current residue status of commonly used plant growth regulators in vegetables,including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D),naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA),ethephon,gibberellin,and paclobutrazol.Methods for reducing residues of plant growth regulators in vegetables were discussed,and recommendations and strategies for their application were proposed.展开更多
Background Zonal application maps are designed to represent field variability using key variables that can be translated into tailored management practices.For cotton,zonal maps for crop growth regulator(CGR)applicati...Background Zonal application maps are designed to represent field variability using key variables that can be translated into tailored management practices.For cotton,zonal maps for crop growth regulator(CGR)applications under variable-rate(VR)strategies are commonly based exclusively on vegetation indices(VIs)variability.However,VIs often saturate in dense crop vegetation areas,limiting their effectiveness in distinguishing variability in crop growth.This study aimed to compare unsupervised framework(UF)and supervised framework(SUF)approaches for generat-ing zonal application maps for CGR under VR conditions.During 2022-2023 agricultural seasons,an UF was employed to generate zonal maps based on locally collected field data on plant height of cotton,satellite imagery,soil texture,and phenology data.Subsequently,a SUF(based on historical data between 2020-2021 to 2022-2023 agricultural seasons)was developed to predict plant height using remote sensing and phenology data,aiming to replicate same zonal maps but without relying on direct field measurements of plant height.Both approaches were tested in three fields and on two different dates per field.Results The predictive model for plant height of SUF performed well,as indicated by the model metrics.However,when comparing zonal application maps for specific field-date combinations,the predicted plant height exhibited lower variability compared with field measurements.This led to variable compatibility between SUF maps,which utilized the model predictions,and the UF maps,which were based on the real field data.Fields characterized by much pronounced soil texture variability yielded the highest compatibility between the zonal application maps produced by both SUF and UF approaches.This was predominantly due to the greater consistency in estimating plant development patterns within these heterogeneous field environments.While VR application approach can facilitate product savings during the application operation,other key factors must be considered.These include the availability of specialized machinery required for this type of applications,as well as the inherent operational costs associated with applying a single CGR product which differs from the typical uniform rate applications that often integrate multi-ple inputs.Conclusion Predictive modeling shows promise for assisting in the creation of zonal application maps for VR of CGR applications.However,the degree of agreement with the actual variability in crop growth found in the field should be evaluated on a field-by-field basis.The SUF approach,which is based on plant heigh prediction,demonstrated potential for supporting the development of zonal application maps for VR of CGR applications.However,the degree to which this approach aligns itself with the actual variability in crop growth observed in the field may vary,necessi-tating field-by-field evaluation.展开更多
CRISPR-based tran-scription regulators(CRISPR-TRs)have revolutionized the field of synthetic biol-ogy by enabling tar-geted activation or repression of any de-sired gene.However,the majority of exist-ing inducible CRI...CRISPR-based tran-scription regulators(CRISPR-TRs)have revolutionized the field of synthetic biol-ogy by enabling tar-geted activation or repression of any de-sired gene.However,the majority of exist-ing inducible CRISPR-TRs are limited by their dependence on specific sequences,which restricts their flex-ibility and controllability in genetic engineering applications.In this study,we proposed a novel strategy to construct sequence-independent inducible CRISPR-TRs,which is achieved by the design of stem loop 2 in the single guide RNA(sgRNA).Under this strategy,by utiliz-ing toehold-mediated strand displacement(TMSD)reactions between small endogenous molecules(miR-20a and TK1 mRNA)and bridge RNA(bRNA)to link bRNA with sgRNA,we achieved synergistic transcriptional activation of VP64 and p65-HSF1 in response to en-dogenous molecules.To enable response to exogenous molecules,we added response se-quences and bRNA sequences to the 5'end of sgRNA to block sgRNA activity,and achieved activation of sgRNA by shearing the response sequence,called sequential unlimited interlock-ing(SUI).Compared with conventional sequence-restricted interlocking(spacer-blocking hairpin(SBH)),the transcriptional activation ratio between response and non-response to the Cas6A protein using our approach was increased by 2.28-fold.Our work presents a modular and versatile framework for endogenous and exogenous molecule-responsive CRISPR-TRs in mammalian cells,without limitations imposed by sequence dependence.展开更多
The effect of vernalization and two growth regulators Fascination^TM and Pro-Gibb^R on the growth, inflorescence development and flowering of Omithogalurrt Chesapeake Snowflake＇ was studied. Regardless of growth regu...The effect of vernalization and two growth regulators Fascination^TM and Pro-Gibb^R on the growth, inflorescence development and flowering of Omithogalurrt Chesapeake Snowflake＇ was studied. Regardless of growth regulator treatment, chilling bulbs for 3 weeks at 10℃ before planting accelerated flowering of the first inflorescence by 5 to 6 days, elongated floral stem length by 1.5 to 2 cm and shortened leaf length by 4 to 5 cm as compared with non-chilled bulbs. When bulbs were chilled 3 weeks at 10℃ before planting, Fascination 2% and Pro-Gibb accelerated flowering of the first inflorescence by 2 to 6 days respectively as compared with the control. When bulbs were not chilled before planting, Fascination 2% and Pro-Gibb accelerated flowering of the first inflorescence by 6 to12 days respectively as compared with the control. The lengths of the leaves and the inflorescences were not affected by PGR treatment. Higher rates of Pro-Gibb （100 mg.L^-1 and 200 mg.L^-1） and more amount of Fascination 2%（100 μL and 200 μL） can cause abortion of inflorescence.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of cancer deaths.It is often detected at a stage when there are few therapeutic options.Liver cancer stem cells(LCSCs)are highly tumorigenic and resistant to chemotherap...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of cancer deaths.It is often detected at a stage when there are few therapeutic options.Liver cancer stem cells(LCSCs)are highly tumorigenic and resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy.Their presence in HCC is a major reason why HCC is difficult to treat.The development of LCSCs is regulated by a variety of factors.This review summarizes recent advances on the factors that regulate the development of LCSCs.Due to the importance of LCSCs in the development of HCC,a better understanding of how LCSCs are regulated will help to improve the treatments for HCC patients.展开更多
During 2012-2014,field trials were carried out in Huili County,Dechang County and Mianning County of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture to investigate effects of tobacco-dedicated plant nutrition regulators on yield a...During 2012-2014,field trials were carried out in Huili County,Dechang County and Mianning County of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture to investigate effects of tobacco-dedicated plant nutrition regulators on yield and quality of fluecured tobacco leaves,aiming at providing reference for tobacco production.According to the results,in tobacco fields applied with tobacco-dedicated plant nutrition regulators,growth period of tobacco was shortened compared with control group;botanical characters（plant height,stem girth,the maximum leaf length,the maximum leaf width,internode length and leaf number） were superior to control group;after application of tobacco-dedicated plant nutrition regulators,yield,output value and the proportion of high-grade and middle-grade leaves were significantly improved compared with control group;moreover,flue-cured tobacco leaves exhibited more coordinated chemical composition.展开更多
The research reviewed use effects of Yuhuangjin, Xishibao, Zhuangfengling and Jianzhuangsu on Jinhai No. 5. The results showed plant height and ear height declined in varying degrees, as well as empty-stalk rate and l...The research reviewed use effects of Yuhuangjin, Xishibao, Zhuangfengling and Jianzhuangsu on Jinhai No. 5. The results showed plant height and ear height declined in varying degrees, as well as empty-stalk rate and lodging rate, with the plant growth regulators applied. Economic characters all improved, including ear length and diameter, barren-tip length and hundred-seed weight, and corn yield went up significantly on average. For example, the increased yield can be as high as 17.43% when Yuhuangjin was applied at 30 ml/hm^2.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the effect of IL-4 on the altered expression of complement activation regulators in pancreas and pancreatic necrosis during experimental severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）. METHODS： SAP model of r...AIM： To investigate the effect of IL-4 on the altered expression of complement activation regulators in pancreas and pancreatic necrosis during experimental severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）. METHODS： SAP model of rats was established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate （1 mL/kg） into the pancreatic duct. We immunohistochemically assayed the expression of three complement activation regulators： decay accelerating factor （DAF; CD55）, 20 ku homologous restriction factor （HRF20; CD59） and membrane cofactor protein （MCP; CEH6）, in the pancreatic acinar cells of rats at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after the induction of SAP model. Meanwhile the levels of amylase and lipase were determined, and morphological examination was performed. Then, 61 rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group A （n = 21） received no treatment after the SAP model was established; group B （n = 20） was given IL-4 （8 IJg/animal） intraperitoneally 0.5 h before the SAP model was established; group C （n = 20） was given IL-4 （8 μg/animal） intraperitoneaUy 0.5 h after the SAP model was established. Plasma amylase and lipase, extent of pancreatic necrosis and expression of complement activation regulators were investigated 6 h after the induction of SAP model. RESULTS： Three complement activation regulators were all expressed in pancreatic acinar cells. MCP was not found on the basolateral surface as reported. Contrary to the gradually increasing plasma level of amylase and lipase, expression of complement activation regulators decreased after SAP model was set up. At the same time, the severity of pancreatic necrosis was enhanced. A strong negative correlation was found between the expression of MCP, DAF, CD59 in pancreatic acinar cells and the severity of pancreatic necrosis （r = -0.748, -0.827, -0.723; P〈0.01）. In the second series of experiments, no matter when the treatment of IL-4 was given （before or after the induction of SAP model）, the serum level of amylase or lipase was decreased and the extent of pancreatic necrosis was ameliorated significantly. Compared to SAP control group, the expression of DAF and CD59 in pancreas was reinforced when IL-4 was given before the induction of SAP model （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）, but the expression of MCP was not influenced （P〉0.05）. The expression of DAF was enhanced, when IL-4 was given after the induction of SAP model （P〈0.05）, but the expression of CD59 and MCP did not change （P〉0.05）. CONCLUSION： Complement activation regulators may participate in the pathogenesis of pancreatic inflammation. Downregulation of complement activation regulators expression may be one of the causes of pancreatic necrosis. IL-4 treatment may control SAP aggravation by enhancing expression of DAF and CD59 in pancreas and decreasing pancreatic necrosis. Moreover, DAF and CD59 may play an important role in the regulation of complement activation regulators during SAP.展开更多
In this paper,we reviewed the advances in the quality and functions of several exogenous plant growth regulators widely used on litchi,and in the applications of exogenous plant growth regulators on litchi production ...In this paper,we reviewed the advances in the quality and functions of several exogenous plant growth regulators widely used on litchi,and in the applications of exogenous plant growth regulators on litchi production and fresh keeping of litchi,aiming at providing reference for future litchi production and improvement in litchi quality.展开更多
Exosomes are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures, which mediate crosstalk interaction between cells.Recent studies have revealed a close relationship between exosomes and bone homeostasis. It i...Exosomes are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures, which mediate crosstalk interaction between cells.Recent studies have revealed a close relationship between exosomes and bone homeostasis. It is suggested that bone cells can spontaneously secret exosomes containing proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, which then to regulate osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis. However, the network of regulatory activities of exosomes in bone homeostasis as well as their therapeutic potential in bone injury remain largely unknown. This review will detail and discuss the characteristics of exosomes, the regulatory activities of exosomes in bone homeostasis as well as the clinical potential of exosomes in bone injury.展开更多
[Objective]In order to increase anther culture efficiency of pepper.[Method]MS culture media and Bolajiaohong were used in this experiment to study the influences of carbon sources and concentrations on anther callus ...[Objective]In order to increase anther culture efficiency of pepper.[Method]MS culture media and Bolajiaohong were used in this experiment to study the influences of carbon sources and concentrations on anther callus induction of pepper.Jiayu was taken as a material to study influences of plant growth regulators and concentrations on anther callus induction of pepper according to L16（4^5） orthogonal design.[Result]The average callus and embryoid induction rates of maltose at all concentrations were higher than these of sucrose but the difference was not significant.Taking maltose or sucrose as a carbon source,3% to 6% concentration was good for increasing induction frequencies of calli and embryoids.However,If the concentration was over 6%,the induction rates were declined dramatically with the increase of sugar concentration.The influences of growth regulators on induction rate of calli were listed as 2,4-D﹥ZT﹥NAA﹥KT﹥6-BA;the influences on induction rates of embryoids were listed as 2,4-D﹥NAA﹥ZT﹥KT﹥6-BA.The 2,4-D,ZT,NAA and KT had signficant or extremely significant influences on induction rates of calli and embryoids.2,4-D,ZT at 1.0 mg/L and NNA,KT at 0.5 mg/L had the best effects.The influences of ZT on calli and embryoids were better than those of KT and 6-BA.1.0 mg/L 2,4-D ＋1.0 mg/L ZT ＋0.5 mg/L KT ＋0.5 mg/L 6-BA was the best regulator combination for induction culture of Jiayu anther.[Conclusion]The experiment provided research basis for anther culture of pepper.展开更多
The endangered tropical tree, Aquilaria malaccensis, produces agarwood for use in fragrance and medicines. Efforts are currently un-derway to produce valuable agarwood compoundsn tissue culture. The purpose of this st...The endangered tropical tree, Aquilaria malaccensis, produces agarwood for use in fragrance and medicines. Efforts are currently un-derway to produce valuable agarwood compoundsn tissue culture. The purpose of this study was to develop an optimal growth medium, specif-ically, the best hormone combination for callus suspension culture. Using nursery-grown A. malaccensis, sterilized leaf explants were first incu-bated on basic Murashige and Skoog （MS） gel medium containing 15g/L sucrose and at pH 5.7. Different auxin types including 1-naphthaleneacetic acid （NAA）, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D）, and indole-3-butyric acid （IBA）, were tested at various concentrations （0.55, 1.1 and 1.65 μM） using the basic medium. Leaf explants were incubated for 30 days in the dark. Callus induced by 1.1 μM NAA had the highest biomass dry weight （DW） of 17.3 mg;however the callus was of a compact type. This auxin concentration was then combined with either 6-benzylaminopurine （BAP） or kinetin at 0.55, 1.1, 2.2 or 3.3 μM to induce growth of friable callus. The 1.1μM NAA＋2.2μM BAP com-bination produced friable callus with the highest biomass （93.3mg DW）. When testing the different carbon sources and pHs, sucrose at 15g/L and pH at 5.7 yielded highest biomasses at 87.7mg and 83mg DW, respec-tively. Microscopic observations revealed the arrangement of the friable cells as loosely packed with relatively large cells, while for the compact callus, the cells were small and densely packed. We concluded that MS medium containing 15 g/L sucrose, 1.1 μM NAA ＋ 2.2 μM BAP hor-mone combination, and a pH of 5.7 was highly effective for inducing friable callus from leaf explants of A. malaccensis for the purpose of establishing cell suspension culture.展开更多
Objective: Labisia pumila var. alata, commonly known as 'Kacip Fatimah' or 'Selusuh Fatimah' in Southeast Asia, is traditionally used by members of the Malay community because of its post-partum medici...Objective: Labisia pumila var. alata, commonly known as 'Kacip Fatimah' or 'Selusuh Fatimah' in Southeast Asia, is traditionally used by members of the Malay community because of its post-partum medicinal properties. Its various pharmaceutical applications cause an excessive harvesting and lead to serious shortage in natural habitat. Thus, this in vitro propagation study investigated the effects of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) on in vitro leaf and stem explants of L. pumila. Methods: The capabilities of callus, shoot, and root formation were evaluated by culturing both explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various PGRs at the concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 mg/L. Results: Medium supplemented with 3 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) showed the optimal callogenesis from both leaf and stem explants with (72.34±19.55)% and (70.40±14.14)% efficacy, respectively. IBA was also found to be the most efficient PGR for root induction. A total of (50.00±7.07)% and (77.78±16.47)% of root formation were obtained from the in vitro stem and leaf explants after being cultured for (26.5±5.0) and (30.0±8.5) d in the medium supplemented with 1 and 3 mg/L of IBA, respectively. Shoot formation was only observed in stem explant, with the maximum percentage of formation ((100.00±0.00)%) that was obtained in 1 mg/L zeatin after (11.0±2.8) d of culture. Conclusions: Callus, roots, and shoots can be induced from in vitro leaf and stem explants of L. pumila through the manipulation of types and concentrations of PGRs.展开更多
Joint toxicity of Beauveria bassiana and two insect growth regulators, methoxyfenozide and hexaflumuron, on beet annywonn larvae, Spodoptera exigua （ Htthner）, were investigated. An obvious synergism effect of the t...Joint toxicity of Beauveria bassiana and two insect growth regulators, methoxyfenozide and hexaflumuron, on beet annywonn larvae, Spodoptera exigua （ Htthner）, were investigated. An obvious synergism effect of the two insect growth regulators with B. beauveria was observed. When the insect growth regulators at LC50 concentrations （25 × 10^-6 g/L for methoxyfenozide and 1 000 × 10^ -6 g/L for hexaflumuren） were mixed with B. bassiana at the volume ratio of 4： 1, the mixtures achieved the best efficacy. The co-toxicity co-efficient （CTC） of methexyfenozide and B. bass/ana was 285, and that of hexaflumuron and B. bass/ana was 208. Scanning electron microscope observation of the longitudinal section of S. exigua revealed obviously different patterns of integument in different treatment groups.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0802704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771620)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(CSTB2022NSCQMSX1424)Research Startup Fund of Southwest University(SWU117064)Open Research Fund of National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention&Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention(ZD202302)。
文摘Cilia are indispensable for organ development and function,and their dysfunction causes a range of syndromic diseases known as ciliopathies,including obesity,cystic kidney disease,situs inversus,and male infertility(Reiter and Leroux,2017;Wallmeier et al.,2020).To date,over 180 ciliopathy-associated genes have been identified(Reiter and Leroux,2017),yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.
基金The financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFD1700600)。
文摘Agrochemicals,especially plant growth regulators(PGRs),are extensively used to modulate endogenous phytohormone signals in small quantities,significantly infiuencing plant growth and development.Plant hormones typically exhibit diverse chemical structures,with common examples including indole rings,terpenoid frameworks,adenine motifs,cyclic lactones,cyclopentanones,and steroidal compounds,which are extensively employed in pesticides.This article explores the interactions and biological activities of small molecules on proteins,enzymes,and other reactive sites involved in the biosynthesis,metabolism,transport,and signal transduction pathways of various plant hormones.Additionally,it analyzes the structure-activity relationships(SARs)of pesticides incorporating these structural motifs to elucidate the relationship between active fragments,pharmacophores,and targets,highlighting the characteristics of potent small molecules and their derivatives.This comprehensive review aims to provide novel perspectives for the development and design of pesticides,offering valuable insights for researchers in the field.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82071312).
文摘AIM:To explore the immune cell infiltration and molecular mechanisms of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury(RIRI)to identify potential therapeutic targets.METHODS:In the bulk RNA-seq analysis,This study performed differential gene expression analysis,weighted gene co-expression network analysis,and protein-protein interaction network analysis to identify hub genes.QuanTIseq was used to determine the composition of infiltrating immune cells.Following the identification of hub genes,single-cell RNA-seq analysis was employed to pinpoint the specific immune cell types expressing these hub genes.Cell-cell communication analysis to explore signaling pathways and interactions between immune cells was further performed.Finally,the expression of these key immune regulators in vivo using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was validated.RESULTS:Bulk RNA-seq analysis identified Stat2,Irf7,Irgm1,Igtp,Parp9,Irgm2,Nlrc5,and Tap1 as hub genes,with strong correlations to immune cell infiltration.Single-cell RNA-seq analysis further revealed six immune cell clusters,showing Irf7 predominantly in microglia and Tap1 in dendritic cells(DCs).And cell-cell communication analysis showed that microglia and DCs play central roles in coordinating immune activity.qRT-PCR validated the upregulation of these genes.CONCLUSION:In the acute phase of RIRI,Irf7 and Tap1 may be the potential therapeutic targets to reduce inflammation and promote neurological function recovery.
基金supported by the following funding:National Natural Science Foundations of China(82002888,82272899 and 82370974)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2022YFS0207 and 2023YFS0127)+1 种基金Scientific Research Foundation,WestChinaHospital of Stomatology SichuanUniversity(RCDWJS2021-8)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS,2019-I2M-5-004).
文摘This review explores the pivotal role of circadian rhythm regulators,particularly the PER genes,in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma(OSCC).As key constituents of the biological clock,PERs exhibit a downregulated expression pattern in OSCC,and the expression levels of PERs in OSCC patients are correlated with a favorable prognosis.PERs impact the occurrence and development of OSCC through multiple pathways.In the regulation of cell proliferation,they can function not only through cell cycle regultion but also via metabolic pathways.For example,PER1 can interact with receptors for activated C kinase 1(RACK1)and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)through its PAS domain to inhibit glycolysis and thereby reduce cell proliferation.Regarding the regulation of cell death,PERs mediate various types of cell death in OSCC cells,such as p53-dependent apoptosis,protein kinase B(AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)dependent autophagy,or hypoxia-inducible factor l-alpha(HIF-1a)mediated ferroptosis.In regulating epithelia-mesenchymal transition(EMT),PERs can lead to the downregulation of EMT related genes,such as zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1/2(ZEBI/2),twist family BHLH transcription factor 1/2(TWIST1/2),and Vimentin,thereby influencing the migration and invasion capabilities of OSCC cells.In tumor angiogenesis,PERs exert regulatory effects on related factors,such as methionyl aminopeptidase 2(MetAP2)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).In the tumor immune microenvironment,PERs can inhibit the inhibitor of kappa B kinase(IKK)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-kB)pathway and programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)expression,thereby enhancing the cytotoxic effect of CD8+T cells on OSCC cells.In-depth studies focusing on elucidating the precise regulatory mechanisms of PERs can facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies targeting PERs,including restoration of PERs expression/activity,targeting PERs-regulated pathways,combination therapies,and chronotherapy.These furnish a theoretical foundation for formulating individualized treatment plans to achieve precise treatment for patients with OSCC.
基金Supported by Key Technology Integration and Demonstration of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruit Trees'High Efficiency and Safe Production,Science and Technical Plan Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(201130102)Key Technology Integration and Demonstration of Xinjiang Apricot Industrial Development,Science and Technical Plan Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(200931101)Financial Support from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Fruit Trees Key Subject~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the influence of different plant growth regulators on apricot pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Method] Pollens of six kinds of Xinjiang apricots were cultured in solid media supplemented with five plant growth regulators （GA3 , NAA, 2, 4-D, 6-BA, IAA）. Then the rate of pollen germination and the length of pollen tube were respectively measured. [Result] In a certain concentration range, GA3 most significantly promoted the pollen germination and the pollen tube growth of Shushanggan, Kalayulvke, Dayoujia, Yiliakeyulvke and Kabakehuanna; NNA had the strongest improvement function on Kumaiti’s pollen germination and pollen tube growth. [Conclusion] All the five plant growth regulators promoted the pollen germination and the pollen tube growth of apricots at low concentration but inhibited them at high concentration.
文摘The effects of four kinds of plant growth regulators with different concentrations on narcissi were studied in 2001. The results showed that the regulators could inhibit the growths of height and leaves of narcissi. Of the four regulators, the dwarfing effects of paclobatrazol (PP333) and uniconazole (S3307) on narcissi were better than those of chlorocholine (CCC) and dimethyl amino-sussinamic acid (B9). All of the regulators did not have significant effect on the root length. Moreover, the time of flowering was later for the narcissi treated with regulators than that of the control to a certain extent, and the range delayed was from 2 days to 19 days. The correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant correlation between the time of flowering and the concentrations of regulators. The ornament value of narcissi was obviously improved by using the regulators.
文摘This paper reviewed the toxicity,maximum residue limits(MRLs)and current residue status of commonly used plant growth regulators in vegetables,including 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D),naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA),ethephon,gibberellin,and paclobutrazol.Methods for reducing residues of plant growth regulators in vegetables were discussed,and recommendations and strategies for their application were proposed.
文摘Background Zonal application maps are designed to represent field variability using key variables that can be translated into tailored management practices.For cotton,zonal maps for crop growth regulator(CGR)applications under variable-rate(VR)strategies are commonly based exclusively on vegetation indices(VIs)variability.However,VIs often saturate in dense crop vegetation areas,limiting their effectiveness in distinguishing variability in crop growth.This study aimed to compare unsupervised framework(UF)and supervised framework(SUF)approaches for generat-ing zonal application maps for CGR under VR conditions.During 2022-2023 agricultural seasons,an UF was employed to generate zonal maps based on locally collected field data on plant height of cotton,satellite imagery,soil texture,and phenology data.Subsequently,a SUF(based on historical data between 2020-2021 to 2022-2023 agricultural seasons)was developed to predict plant height using remote sensing and phenology data,aiming to replicate same zonal maps but without relying on direct field measurements of plant height.Both approaches were tested in three fields and on two different dates per field.Results The predictive model for plant height of SUF performed well,as indicated by the model metrics.However,when comparing zonal application maps for specific field-date combinations,the predicted plant height exhibited lower variability compared with field measurements.This led to variable compatibility between SUF maps,which utilized the model predictions,and the UF maps,which were based on the real field data.Fields characterized by much pronounced soil texture variability yielded the highest compatibility between the zonal application maps produced by both SUF and UF approaches.This was predominantly due to the greater consistency in estimating plant development patterns within these heterogeneous field environments.While VR application approach can facilitate product savings during the application operation,other key factors must be considered.These include the availability of specialized machinery required for this type of applications,as well as the inherent operational costs associated with applying a single CGR product which differs from the typical uniform rate applications that often integrate multi-ple inputs.Conclusion Predictive modeling shows promise for assisting in the creation of zonal application maps for VR of CGR applications.However,the degree of agreement with the actual variability in crop growth found in the field should be evaluated on a field-by-field basis.The SUF approach,which is based on plant heigh prediction,demonstrated potential for supporting the development of zonal application maps for VR of CGR applications.However,the degree to which this approach aligns itself with the actual variability in crop growth observed in the field may vary,necessi-tating field-by-field evaluation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22073090,No.21991132,No.52021002)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0710700)the Funds of Youth Innovation Promotion Association,and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WK3450000009).
文摘CRISPR-based tran-scription regulators(CRISPR-TRs)have revolutionized the field of synthetic biol-ogy by enabling tar-geted activation or repression of any de-sired gene.However,the majority of exist-ing inducible CRISPR-TRs are limited by their dependence on specific sequences,which restricts their flex-ibility and controllability in genetic engineering applications.In this study,we proposed a novel strategy to construct sequence-independent inducible CRISPR-TRs,which is achieved by the design of stem loop 2 in the single guide RNA(sgRNA).Under this strategy,by utiliz-ing toehold-mediated strand displacement(TMSD)reactions between small endogenous molecules(miR-20a and TK1 mRNA)and bridge RNA(bRNA)to link bRNA with sgRNA,we achieved synergistic transcriptional activation of VP64 and p65-HSF1 in response to en-dogenous molecules.To enable response to exogenous molecules,we added response se-quences and bRNA sequences to the 5'end of sgRNA to block sgRNA activity,and achieved activation of sgRNA by shearing the response sequence,called sequential unlimited interlock-ing(SUI).Compared with conventional sequence-restricted interlocking(spacer-blocking hairpin(SBH)),the transcriptional activation ratio between response and non-response to the Cas6A protein using our approach was increased by 2.28-fold.Our work presents a modular and versatile framework for endogenous and exogenous molecule-responsive CRISPR-TRs in mammalian cells,without limitations imposed by sequence dependence.
文摘The effect of vernalization and two growth regulators Fascination^TM and Pro-Gibb^R on the growth, inflorescence development and flowering of Omithogalurrt Chesapeake Snowflake＇ was studied. Regardless of growth regulator treatment, chilling bulbs for 3 weeks at 10℃ before planting accelerated flowering of the first inflorescence by 5 to 6 days, elongated floral stem length by 1.5 to 2 cm and shortened leaf length by 4 to 5 cm as compared with non-chilled bulbs. When bulbs were chilled 3 weeks at 10℃ before planting, Fascination 2% and Pro-Gibb accelerated flowering of the first inflorescence by 2 to 6 days respectively as compared with the control. When bulbs were not chilled before planting, Fascination 2% and Pro-Gibb accelerated flowering of the first inflorescence by 6 to12 days respectively as compared with the control. The lengths of the leaves and the inflorescences were not affected by PGR treatment. Higher rates of Pro-Gibb （100 mg.L^-1 and 200 mg.L^-1） and more amount of Fascination 2%（100 μL and 200 μL） can cause abortion of inflorescence.
基金Supported by National Institutes of Health Grants,No.DK094652 and No.AI148304.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a leading cause of cancer deaths.It is often detected at a stage when there are few therapeutic options.Liver cancer stem cells(LCSCs)are highly tumorigenic and resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy.Their presence in HCC is a major reason why HCC is difficult to treat.The development of LCSCs is regulated by a variety of factors.This review summarizes recent advances on the factors that regulate the development of LCSCs.Due to the importance of LCSCs in the development of HCC,a better understanding of how LCSCs are regulated will help to improve the treatments for HCC patients.
文摘During 2012-2014,field trials were carried out in Huili County,Dechang County and Mianning County of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture to investigate effects of tobacco-dedicated plant nutrition regulators on yield and quality of fluecured tobacco leaves,aiming at providing reference for tobacco production.According to the results,in tobacco fields applied with tobacco-dedicated plant nutrition regulators,growth period of tobacco was shortened compared with control group;botanical characters（plant height,stem girth,the maximum leaf length,the maximum leaf width,internode length and leaf number） were superior to control group;after application of tobacco-dedicated plant nutrition regulators,yield,output value and the proportion of high-grade and middle-grade leaves were significantly improved compared with control group;moreover,flue-cured tobacco leaves exhibited more coordinated chemical composition.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Yancheng Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation(YK2013012)~~
文摘The research reviewed use effects of Yuhuangjin, Xishibao, Zhuangfengling and Jianzhuangsu on Jinhai No. 5. The results showed plant height and ear height declined in varying degrees, as well as empty-stalk rate and lodging rate, with the plant growth regulators applied. Economic characters all improved, including ear length and diameter, barren-tip length and hundred-seed weight, and corn yield went up significantly on average. For example, the increased yield can be as high as 17.43% when Yuhuangjin was applied at 30 ml/hm^2.
基金Supported by the Research Program of Science and Technology Technology Commission Foundation of Liaoning Province, No. 2001225001-17
文摘AIM： To investigate the effect of IL-4 on the altered expression of complement activation regulators in pancreas and pancreatic necrosis during experimental severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）. METHODS： SAP model of rats was established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate （1 mL/kg） into the pancreatic duct. We immunohistochemically assayed the expression of three complement activation regulators： decay accelerating factor （DAF; CD55）, 20 ku homologous restriction factor （HRF20; CD59） and membrane cofactor protein （MCP; CEH6）, in the pancreatic acinar cells of rats at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h after the induction of SAP model. Meanwhile the levels of amylase and lipase were determined, and morphological examination was performed. Then, 61 rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group A （n = 21） received no treatment after the SAP model was established; group B （n = 20） was given IL-4 （8 IJg/animal） intraperitoneally 0.5 h before the SAP model was established; group C （n = 20） was given IL-4 （8 μg/animal） intraperitoneaUy 0.5 h after the SAP model was established. Plasma amylase and lipase, extent of pancreatic necrosis and expression of complement activation regulators were investigated 6 h after the induction of SAP model. RESULTS： Three complement activation regulators were all expressed in pancreatic acinar cells. MCP was not found on the basolateral surface as reported. Contrary to the gradually increasing plasma level of amylase and lipase, expression of complement activation regulators decreased after SAP model was set up. At the same time, the severity of pancreatic necrosis was enhanced. A strong negative correlation was found between the expression of MCP, DAF, CD59 in pancreatic acinar cells and the severity of pancreatic necrosis （r = -0.748, -0.827, -0.723; P〈0.01）. In the second series of experiments, no matter when the treatment of IL-4 was given （before or after the induction of SAP model）, the serum level of amylase or lipase was decreased and the extent of pancreatic necrosis was ameliorated significantly. Compared to SAP control group, the expression of DAF and CD59 in pancreas was reinforced when IL-4 was given before the induction of SAP model （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）, but the expression of MCP was not influenced （P〉0.05）. The expression of DAF was enhanced, when IL-4 was given after the induction of SAP model （P〈0.05）, but the expression of CD59 and MCP did not change （P〉0.05）. CONCLUSION： Complement activation regulators may participate in the pathogenesis of pancreatic inflammation. Downregulation of complement activation regulators expression may be one of the causes of pancreatic necrosis. IL-4 treatment may control SAP aggravation by enhancing expression of DAF and CD59 in pancreas and decreasing pancreatic necrosis. Moreover, DAF and CD59 may play an important role in the regulation of complement activation regulators during SAP.
文摘In this paper,we reviewed the advances in the quality and functions of several exogenous plant growth regulators widely used on litchi,and in the applications of exogenous plant growth regulators on litchi production and fresh keeping of litchi,aiming at providing reference for future litchi production and improvement in litchi quality.
基金the support from Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated HospitalYuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University
文摘Exosomes are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures, which mediate crosstalk interaction between cells.Recent studies have revealed a close relationship between exosomes and bone homeostasis. It is suggested that bone cells can spontaneously secret exosomes containing proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, which then to regulate osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis. However, the network of regulatory activities of exosomes in bone homeostasis as well as their therapeutic potential in bone injury remain largely unknown. This review will detail and discuss the characteristics of exosomes, the regulatory activities of exosomes in bone homeostasis as well as the clinical potential of exosomes in bone injury.
文摘[Objective]In order to increase anther culture efficiency of pepper.[Method]MS culture media and Bolajiaohong were used in this experiment to study the influences of carbon sources and concentrations on anther callus induction of pepper.Jiayu was taken as a material to study influences of plant growth regulators and concentrations on anther callus induction of pepper according to L16（4^5） orthogonal design.[Result]The average callus and embryoid induction rates of maltose at all concentrations were higher than these of sucrose but the difference was not significant.Taking maltose or sucrose as a carbon source,3% to 6% concentration was good for increasing induction frequencies of calli and embryoids.However,If the concentration was over 6%,the induction rates were declined dramatically with the increase of sugar concentration.The influences of growth regulators on induction rate of calli were listed as 2,4-D﹥ZT﹥NAA﹥KT﹥6-BA;the influences on induction rates of embryoids were listed as 2,4-D﹥NAA﹥ZT﹥KT﹥6-BA.The 2,4-D,ZT,NAA and KT had signficant or extremely significant influences on induction rates of calli and embryoids.2,4-D,ZT at 1.0 mg/L and NNA,KT at 0.5 mg/L had the best effects.The influences of ZT on calli and embryoids were better than those of KT and 6-BA.1.0 mg/L 2,4-D ＋1.0 mg/L ZT ＋0.5 mg/L KT ＋0.5 mg/L 6-BA was the best regulator combination for induction culture of Jiayu anther.[Conclusion]The experiment provided research basis for anther culture of pepper.
基金supported by the Universiti Putra Malaysia Research University Grant Scheme(Project No.03-02-11-1370RU and 03-03-11-1438RU)
文摘The endangered tropical tree, Aquilaria malaccensis, produces agarwood for use in fragrance and medicines. Efforts are currently un-derway to produce valuable agarwood compoundsn tissue culture. The purpose of this study was to develop an optimal growth medium, specif-ically, the best hormone combination for callus suspension culture. Using nursery-grown A. malaccensis, sterilized leaf explants were first incu-bated on basic Murashige and Skoog （MS） gel medium containing 15g/L sucrose and at pH 5.7. Different auxin types including 1-naphthaleneacetic acid （NAA）, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid （2,4-D）, and indole-3-butyric acid （IBA）, were tested at various concentrations （0.55, 1.1 and 1.65 μM） using the basic medium. Leaf explants were incubated for 30 days in the dark. Callus induced by 1.1 μM NAA had the highest biomass dry weight （DW） of 17.3 mg;however the callus was of a compact type. This auxin concentration was then combined with either 6-benzylaminopurine （BAP） or kinetin at 0.55, 1.1, 2.2 or 3.3 μM to induce growth of friable callus. The 1.1μM NAA＋2.2μM BAP com-bination produced friable callus with the highest biomass （93.3mg DW）. When testing the different carbon sources and pHs, sucrose at 15g/L and pH at 5.7 yielded highest biomasses at 87.7mg and 83mg DW, respec-tively. Microscopic observations revealed the arrangement of the friable cells as loosely packed with relatively large cells, while for the compact callus, the cells were small and densely packed. We concluded that MS medium containing 15 g/L sucrose, 1.1 μM NAA ＋ 2.2 μM BAP hor-mone combination, and a pH of 5.7 was highly effective for inducing friable callus from leaf explants of A. malaccensis for the purpose of establishing cell suspension culture.
文摘Objective: Labisia pumila var. alata, commonly known as 'Kacip Fatimah' or 'Selusuh Fatimah' in Southeast Asia, is traditionally used by members of the Malay community because of its post-partum medicinal properties. Its various pharmaceutical applications cause an excessive harvesting and lead to serious shortage in natural habitat. Thus, this in vitro propagation study investigated the effects of different plant growth regulators (PGRs) on in vitro leaf and stem explants of L. pumila. Methods: The capabilities of callus, shoot, and root formation were evaluated by culturing both explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various PGRs at the concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 mg/L. Results: Medium supplemented with 3 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) showed the optimal callogenesis from both leaf and stem explants with (72.34±19.55)% and (70.40±14.14)% efficacy, respectively. IBA was also found to be the most efficient PGR for root induction. A total of (50.00±7.07)% and (77.78±16.47)% of root formation were obtained from the in vitro stem and leaf explants after being cultured for (26.5±5.0) and (30.0±8.5) d in the medium supplemented with 1 and 3 mg/L of IBA, respectively. Shoot formation was only observed in stem explant, with the maximum percentage of formation ((100.00±0.00)%) that was obtained in 1 mg/L zeatin after (11.0±2.8) d of culture. Conclusions: Callus, roots, and shoots can be induced from in vitro leaf and stem explants of L. pumila through the manipulation of types and concentrations of PGRs.
基金Supported by National Key Technology Support Program(2012BAD19B01)
文摘Joint toxicity of Beauveria bassiana and two insect growth regulators, methoxyfenozide and hexaflumuron, on beet annywonn larvae, Spodoptera exigua （ Htthner）, were investigated. An obvious synergism effect of the two insect growth regulators with B. beauveria was observed. When the insect growth regulators at LC50 concentrations （25 × 10^-6 g/L for methoxyfenozide and 1 000 × 10^ -6 g/L for hexaflumuren） were mixed with B. bassiana at the volume ratio of 4： 1, the mixtures achieved the best efficacy. The co-toxicity co-efficient （CTC） of methexyfenozide and B. bass/ana was 285, and that of hexaflumuron and B. bass/ana was 208. Scanning electron microscope observation of the longitudinal section of S. exigua revealed obviously different patterns of integument in different treatment groups.
