Sonodynamic therapy(SDT)has emerged as an advanced technology for treatment of malignant tumors.Many organic and inorganic sonosensitizers have been reported but they still have the respective limitations.Constructing...Sonodynamic therapy(SDT)has emerged as an advanced technology for treatment of malignant tumors.Many organic and inorganic sonosensitizers have been reported but they still have the respective limitations.Constructing the materials to integrate the superiorities of organic and inorganic sonosensitizers is expected to be a good method to enhance the efficiency of SDT.Herein,we report an intelligent sonosensitizer(TPA-OS⊂CP5@CeOx),integrating the organic(TPA-OS)and inorganic sonosensitizers(CP5@CeOx)via host-vip interaction.The modification of carboxyl-pillar[5]arene(CP5)on CeOx constructs the supramolecular interface by coupling of CP5 and oxygen vacancies.The band gap of CeOx is reduced and the ratio of Ce4+/Ce3+is increased to regulate tumor microenvironment.Thus,the SDT performance of CP5@CeOx can be improved.Furthermore,the synergistic effect of TPA-OS with aggregation-induced emission can further regulate and enhance the SDT efficiency.The cellular experiments demonstrate that TPA-OS⊂CP5@CeOx exhibits the synergistic therapeutic effect in double organelle of lysosome and mitochondria.The in vivo experiments suggest TPA-OS⊂CP5@CeOx has imaging-guided enhanced SDT performance to achieve tumor inhibition.This study contributes to the construction of novel intelligent sonosensitizers,indicating that supramolecular interface engineering is promising to realize the customized treatments with minimal side effects.展开更多
The epoxy shape memory polymer(SMP)with adjustable phase transition temperature is a kind of high-performance shape mem-ory polymer,which can change its phase transition temperature and improve its mechanical properti...The epoxy shape memory polymer(SMP)with adjustable phase transition temperature is a kind of high-performance shape mem-ory polymer,which can change its phase transition temperature and improve its mechanical properties through the process of photo curing.An epoxy SMP constitutive model combining phase transition and viscoelasticity is established by discretizing the epoxy SMP into several glass phase units and rubbery phase units in this paper.The model includes the viscoelastic constitutive equa-tions of glass phase units and rubber phase units,the parameter expression during shape memory process,and material parameter equation during photocuring process.And the stress relaxation behavior of epoxy SMP at different temperatures and the change of material parameters during the photo-curing process are simu-lated numerically,and the simulation results perform consistency with the experimental data.The model can not only relate shape memory effect and phase transformation in physics but also better characterize the viscoelastic properties of SMP and predict the shape memory response of SMP.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathologica...Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathological characteristics and molecular pathways associated with its progression.Advances in scientific research have increasingly highlighted the crucial role of non-coding RNAs in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.These non-coding RNAs regulate several biological processes critical to the advancement of the disease,offering promising potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.Therefore,this review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease onset,with a particular focus on microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs,and circular RNAs associated with the disease.The review elucidates the potential pathogenic processes of Alzheimer's disease and provides a detailed description of the synthesis mechanisms of the three aforementioned non-coding RNAs.It comprehensively summarizes the various non-coding RNAs that have been identified to play key regulatory roles in Alzheimer's disease,as well as how these noncoding RNAs influence the disease's progression by regulating gene expression and protein functions.For example,miR-9 targets the UBE4B gene,promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of Tau protein,thereby reducing Tau accumulation and delaying Alzheimer's disease progression.Conversely,the long non-coding RNA BACE1-AS stabilizes BACE1 mRNA,promoting the generation of amyloid-βand accelerating Alzheimer's disease development.Additionally,circular RNAs play significant roles in regulating neuroinflammatory responses.By integrating insights from these regulatory mechanisms,there is potential to discover new therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for early detection and management of Alzheimer's disease.This review aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and non-coding RNAs,potentially paving the way for early detection and novel treatment strategies.展开更多
China implemented its Action Plan of Air Pollution Prevention and Control(APAPPC)in 2013 as a major step in national air-quality management.This study treated the APAPPC as a quasi-experiment,drawing on the Grossman a...China implemented its Action Plan of Air Pollution Prevention and Control(APAPPC)in 2013 as a major step in national air-quality management.This study treated the APAPPC as a quasi-experiment,drawing on the Grossman and Cropper models,to examine how air pollution affected individual health capital and medical service demand.Using panel data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study for 2011,2013,2015,and 2018,the analysis applied a Heckman two-stage model and difference-in-differences estimation to identify the policy's effects on medical expenditure.The results showed that the APAPPC significantly reduced annual health spending,with stronger effects among women,older adults,and rural residents.The mechanism analysis indicated that the reduction in respiratory diseases played a key role.This study provides evidence that supports further airpollution control in China and offers useful insights for other developing countries.展开更多
Regulatory T cells,a subset of CD4^(+)T cells,play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis due to their potent immunosuppressive properties.Recent advances in research have highlighted t...Regulatory T cells,a subset of CD4^(+)T cells,play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis due to their potent immunosuppressive properties.Recent advances in research have highlighted the important therapeutic potential of Tregs in neurological diseases and tissue repair,emphasizing their multifaceted roles in immune regulation.This review aims to summarize and analyze the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of Tregs in relation to neurological diseases and neural regeneration.Beyond their classical immune-regulatory functions,emerging evidence points to non-immune mechanisms of regulatory T cells,particularly their interactions with stem cells and other non-immune cells.These interactions contribute to optimizing the repair microenvironment and promoting tissue repair and nerve regeneration,positioning non-immune pathways as a promising direction for future research.By modulating immune and non-immune cells,including neurons and glia within neural tissues,Tregs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in enhancing regeneration in the central and peripheral nervous systems.Preclinical studies have revealed that Treg cells interact with neurons,glial cells,and other neural components to mitigate inflammatory damage and support functional recovery.Current mechanistic studies show that Tregs can significantly promote neural repair and functional recovery by regulating inflammatory responses and the local immune microenvironment.However,research on the mechanistic roles of regulatory T cells in other diseases remains limited,highlighting substantial gaps and opportunities for exploration in this field.Laboratory and clinical studies have further advanced the application of regulatory T cells.Technical advances have enabled efficient isolation,ex vivo expansion and functionalization,and adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells,with efficacy validated in animal models.Innovative strategies,including gene editing,cell-free technologies,biomaterial-based recruitment,and in situ delivery have expanded the therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells.Gene editing enables precise functional optimization,while biomaterial and in situ delivery technologies enhance their accumulation and efficacy at target sites.These advancements not only improve the immune-regulatory capacity of regulatory T cells but also significantly enhance their role in tissue repair.By leveraging the pivotal and diverse functions of Tregs in immune modulation and tissue repair,regulatory T cells–based therapies may lead to transformative breakthroughs in the treatment of neurological diseases.展开更多
This paper studies cooperative robust parallel operation of multiple actuators over an undirected communication graph.The plant is modeled as an uncertain linear system,and the actuators are linear and identical.Based...This paper studies cooperative robust parallel operation of multiple actuators over an undirected communication graph.The plant is modeled as an uncertain linear system,and the actuators are linear and identical.Based on the internal model principle,a distributed dynamic output feedback control law is proposed to achieve both robust output regulation of the closed-loop system and plant input sharing among the actuators.A practical example of five motors cooperatively driving an uncertain shaft under an external load torque is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control law.展开更多
Four distinct coordination polymers(CPs)were successfully synthesized by altering solvent types and adjusting ligand concentrations,and their crystal structures were investigated.[Co(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)_(2)]·0.5H_(2...Four distinct coordination polymers(CPs)were successfully synthesized by altering solvent types and adjusting ligand concentrations,and their crystal structures were investigated.[Co(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)_(2)]·0.5H_(2)O(1)was synthesized as a 2D structure using Coas the metal source,methanol‑water(4∶6,V/V)as the solvent,and specific concentrations of 2,5‑furandicarboxylic acid(H_(2)FDCA)and 1,3,5‑triimidazole benzene(L).Adjusting to pure water and lowering the concentration of L yielded the 1D chain structure of[Co(HL)2(H_(2)O)_(2)](FDCA)_(2)·6H_(2)O(2).Using Cu(Ⅱ)as the metal source,methanol/water(9∶1,V/V)as the solvent,and specific concentrations of L and H2FDCA,the 1D chain structure of[Cu(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)]·2H_(2)O(3)was synthesized.Upon increasing the concentrations of L and H2FDCA,and switching the solvent to pure water,the 1D chain structure of[Cu(HL)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)](FDCA)_(2)·6H_(2)O(4)was obtained.This shows that changing the solvent and ligand concentrations can affect the structural changes of CPs.In addition,the solid‑state photoluminescence of CPs 1‑4 at room temperature was studied,and their morphological changes were observed via scanning electron microscopy.Density functional theory calculations revealed that the negative charge concentrates on the O and N atoms of the ligand,facilitating ligand‑metal ion coordination.CCDC:2403934,1;2403935,2;2403936,3;2403938,4.展开更多
Dendritic spines are small protrusions along dendrites that contain most of the excitatory synapses in principal neurons,playing a crucial role in neuronal function by creating a compartmentalized environment for sign...Dendritic spines are small protrusions along dendrites that contain most of the excitatory synapses in principal neurons,playing a crucial role in neuronal function by creating a compartmentalized environment for signal transduction.The plasticity of spine morphologies provides a tunable handle to regulate calcium signal dynamics,allowing rapid regulation of protein expression necessary to establish and maintain synapses(Cornejo et al.,2022).If excitatory inputs were to be located primarily on dendritic shafts,dendrites would frequently short-circuit,preventing voltage signals from propagating(Cornejo et al.,2022).It is thus not surprising that the structural plasticity of dendritic spines is closely linked to synaptic plasticity and memory formation(Berry and Nedivi,2017).While comprehensive in vitro studies have been conducted,in vivo studies that directly tackle the mechanism of dendritic transport and translation in regulating spine plasticity spatiotemporally are limited.展开更多
In December 2025,Australia became the first country to ban social media for people under 16,sparking a worldwide debate on how to protect teens online without undue interference.While the goal of keeping young people ...In December 2025,Australia became the first country to ban social media for people under 16,sparking a worldwide debate on how to protect teens online without undue interference.While the goal of keeping young people away from harmful content and addictive algorithms is wise,a total ban may be counterproductive.A better approach is to combine regulation,education and parental guidance.展开更多
Nanofiltration(NF) technology,with its capacity for nanoscale filtration and controllable selectivity,holds significant promise in diverse applications.However,the current upper bound of permeance and selectivity of N...Nanofiltration(NF) technology,with its capacity for nanoscale filtration and controllable selectivity,holds significant promise in diverse applications.However,the current upper bound of permeance and selectivity of NF membranes is intrinsically constrained by the morphology and structure of the polyamide(PA) selective layer.This issue arises because NF membranes typically exhibit relatively smooth nodular structures,which theoretically impede efficient water transport.In this study,we enhanced the formation of nanobubbles by synergistically regulating with surfactant and low temperatures,resulting in the fabrication of PA NF membranes with a crumpled morphology.We observed that lower temperatures promote enhanced gas solubility in the aqueous phase,facilitating increased nanobubble formation through the foaming effect of surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate(SDBS).Consequently,this resulted in the creation of PA NF membranes with more crumpled structures and superior performance,with pure water permeance reaching 36.25 ± 0.42 L m^(-2)h^(-1)bar^(-1),representing an improvement of 14.47 L m^(-2)h^(-1)bar^(-1)compared to the control group.Additionally,it maintains a high Na_(2)SO_(4) rejection rate of97.00 % ± 0.58 %.The PA NF membranes produced by eliminating nanobubbles and free interfaces exhibited a smooth structure,whereas introducing nanobubbles(through Na HCO_(3) addition,N_(2) pressurization,and ultrasonication) resulted in the formation of crumpled membranes.This emphasized that the large amount of nanobubbles generated by SDBS and low temperature in the interfacial process played a critical role in shaping crumpled PA NF membranes and enhancing membrane performance.This approach has the potential to provide valuable insights into customizing the structural design of TFC PA NF membranes,contributing to further advancements in this field.展开更多
Lin Wei is a hiking enthusiast.At six o'clock on the last Saturday morning,the temperature at the foot of the mountain was only 2℃,so she put on her thickest fleece jacket.However,after only half an hour of climb...Lin Wei is a hiking enthusiast.At six o'clock on the last Saturday morning,the temperature at the foot of the mountain was only 2℃,so she put on her thickest fleece jacket.However,after only half an hour of climbing,the heat left her drenched in sweat,making her feel very cold.By midday,the temperature was approaching 20℃,and her heavy jacket had to be tied around her waist,becoming a burden during her hike.This outdoor adventure allowed her to appreciate the beautiful scenery,but also subjected her to repeated changes in temperature.展开更多
Anthocyanins are the main pigments in ripe strawberry fruits.FaMYB10 and abscisic acid(ABA)are the two major regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the maturation process of strawberry fruits.However,the transcript...Anthocyanins are the main pigments in ripe strawberry fruits.FaMYB10 and abscisic acid(ABA)are the two major regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the maturation process of strawberry fruits.However,the transcriptional regulation of FaMYB10,ABA biosynthesis,and anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa)remain largely unknown.Here,a yeast one-hybrid screen using the FaMYB10 promoter identified a class B MADS-domain transcription factor,FaMADS6 in strawberry.FaMADS6 exhibited high expression at the early developmental stage but was hardly detected during maturation of strawberry fruit,a pattern opposite to accumulation of anthocyanins.Transcriptional upregulation of FaMADS6 repressed anthocyanin accumulation and expression of FaMYB10 and the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes,FaCHS,FaCHI,FaF3H,FaANS,and FaUFGT.In contrast,downregulation of FaMADS6 promoted the expression of FaMYB10 and the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes.The promoters of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes were not directly bound by FaMADS6,in contrast to FaMYB10.Analysis of the DNA binding sequences of FaMADS6 revealed that it also interacted with the promoters of FaNCED2 and FaPYR1,which are involved in the biosynthesis and perception of ABA.Overexpression of FaMADS6 significantly suppressed FaNCED2 and FaPYR1 and ABA synthesis in transgenic strawberry.Together,our findings suggest that FaMADS6 functions as a suppressor of anthocyanin accumulation by directly downregulating FaMYB10 and ABA production during strawberry fruit maturation.展开更多
State Administration for Market Regulation and National Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 48 mandatory national standards.
Electrocatalytic glucose oxidation to high-value chemicals provides a sustainable route for biomass valorization.NiCo-based catalysts have emerged as promising candidates for glucose oxidation reaction owing to the in...Electrocatalytic glucose oxidation to high-value chemicals provides a sustainable route for biomass valorization.NiCo-based catalysts have emerged as promising candidates for glucose oxidation reaction owing to the intrinsic activity of Ni and Co catalytic centers.However,the dynamic evolution and atomic-scale synergy between these centers remain elusive.Herein,we fabricated NiCo_(2)O_(4)nanosheets supported on nickel foam,where Ni preferentially occupies tetrahedral sites to regulate the electronic configuration of octahedral Co.Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the incorporation of tetrahedral Ni induces low-to-intermediate spin transition in octahedral Co,thereby optimizing eg orbital occupancy and stabilizing active sites.This spin-state engineering establishes Ni-Co synergistic catalytic centers for the selective oxidation of glucose to formate(FA).At higher potential(≥1.4 V vs.RHE),octahedral Co undergoes reconstruction into excessive active CoOOH and CoO_(2)species,resulting in glucose overoxidation to CO_(2)and intensified competitive oxygen evolution.In contrast,at lower potentials(<1.4 V vs.RHE),tetrahedral Ni facilitates electron delocalization across the Ni–O–Co lattice,thereby stabilizing octahedral Co for glucose adsorption and oxidation.Subsequently,a coupled electrocatalytic system was constructed,achieving 80.7%FA yield with 91.3%Faradaic efficiency(FE)at NiCo_(2)O_(4)anode and H2 evolution rate of 696μmol h^(−1)with 99.9%FE at Pt cathode for 2 h under 1.35 V vs.RHE.This work provides a deep insight into spin-state regulation of the catalytic center,offering valuable guidance for rational catalyst design.展开更多
Flowering time is a critical agronomic trait with a profound effect on the productivity and adaptabillity of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Strategically advancing flowering time can reduce the risk of yield losses due t...Flowering time is a critical agronomic trait with a profound effect on the productivity and adaptabillity of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Strategically advancing flowering time can reduce the risk of yield losses due to extreme climatic conditions and facilitate the cultivation of subsequent crops on the same land,thereby enhancing overall agricultural efficiency.In this review,we synthesize current information on flowering time regulation in rapeseed through an integrated analysis of its genetic,hormonal,and environmental dimensions,emphasizing their crosstalk and implications for yield.We consolidate multi-omics evidence from population genetics,functional genomics,and systems biology to create a haplotype-based framework that overcomes the trade-off between flowering time and yield,providing support for the precision breeding of early-maturing cultivars.The insights presented here could inform future research on flowering time regulation and guide strategies for increasing rapeseed productivity.展开更多
Pb-Sn mixed perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are crucial components for realizing efficient all-perovskite tandem devices.However,their efficiency and stability are severely limited by oxidative degradation(Sn^(4+)formatio...Pb-Sn mixed perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are crucial components for realizing efficient all-perovskite tandem devices.However,their efficiency and stability are severely limited by oxidative degradation(Sn^(4+)formation)and metallic defects(Sn^(0)/Pb^(0)).In addition,the rapid and uncontrolled Sn^(2+)nucleation kinetics result in nonuniform crystallization.Herein,we introduce a natural redox shuttle glutathione(GSH)in Pb-Sn mixed PSCs,achieving regenerable antioxidation and crystallization regulation simultaneously.The reversible redox reactions between GSH and glutathione disulfide(GSSG)enable the self-healing of Sn^(4+)and Sn^(0)/Pb^(0)impurities,creating a regenerable antioxidation protective shell at the perovskite interfaces.Meanwhile,the strong coordination between GSH and perovskite regulates the crystallization process,optimizing the nucleation and crystallization kinetics.Furthermore,the GSH incorporation creates a high-quality charge separation junction at the perovskite/hole transport layer,facilitating carrier separation and extraction.The optimized Pb-Sn PSCs exhibit impressive power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of up to 23.71%.The champion all-perovskite tandem PSCs with GSH achieve a PCE of 28.49%and retain 90%of the initial PCE after 560 h of continuous illumination.This work establishes a new nature-inspired redox shuttling strategy and elucidates its working mechanism,advancing the development of efficient and stable all-perovskite tandem solar cells.展开更多
State Administration for Market Regulation and National Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 34 mandatory national standards.
Malic acid is a crucial determinant of apple(Malus domestica)fruit quality,influencing acidity and flavor.While transcriptional regulation of malic acid metabolism is well-studied,post-transcriptional control and the ...Malic acid is a crucial determinant of apple(Malus domestica)fruit quality,influencing acidity and flavor.While transcriptional regulation of malic acid metabolism is well-studied,post-transcriptional control and the role of jasmonate(JA)remain largely unexplored.We identify a novel regulatory pathway involving JA signaling,a micro RNA(mi RNA),and vacuolar transport regulators that control malic acid accumulation in apple fruit.We show that mdm-mi R858,which increases during fruit maturation,directly targets and cleaves Md MYB73 transcripts.Md MYB73 is a known positive regulator of vacuolar H+-pumping and malate transport,activating genes like Md VHA-A,Md VHP,and Md ALMT9.Overexpression of mdm-mi R858 suppressed Md MYB73,thereby reducing Md VHA-A,Md VHP,and Md ALMT9 expression and malic acid content in apple calli,fruits,and GL-3plantlets,while silencing mdm-mi R858 had opposite effects.Crucially,the JA-responsive transcription factor Md MYC2,the expression of which increases during fruit maturation,directly binds the mdm-mi R858 promoter and activates its expression.Furthermore,the Mediator complex subunit Md MED25 interacts with Md MYC2,enhancing this activation.Manipulating Md MYC2 or Md MED25expression altered mdm-mi R858 levels,Md MYB73expression,and malic acid accumulation,mirroring exogenous methyl jasmonate(Me JA)treatment effects.A mi R858-resistant Md MYB73 variant confirmed the miRNA-target interaction's specificity and functional significance.Our findings reveal a novel JA-Md MYC2/MdMED25-mi R858-Md MYB73regulatory cascade controlling malic acid accumulation in apple,providing a mechanistic link between hormonal signaling and post-transcriptional regulation of fruit acidity.This discovery offers new targets for manipulating fruit quality.展开更多
Anthocyanins play a crucial role in shaping the visual appeal and nutritional quality of fruits.Previous research on anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)has primarily relied on single-omics approa...Anthocyanins play a crucial role in shaping the visual appeal and nutritional quality of fruits.Previous research on anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)has primarily relied on single-omics approaches or focused on a limited range of metabolites,leaving the regulatory mechanisms and dynamic metabolism of anthocyanins during ripening inadequately characterized.This study integrated anthocyanin-targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics to identify key anthocyanins in sweet cherry and construct a transcriptional regulatory network for anthocyanin biosynthesis.A novel bHLH transcription factor,Prunus avium bHLH transcription factor 102(PavbHLH102),was identified,and its role in regulating cyanidin levels was validated through overexpression and silencing experiments.Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that PavbHLH102 activates key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes,including PavF3H,PavDFR,and PavUFGT,thereby enhancing fruit coloration.Notably,PavF3′H upregulation significantly increased cyanidin accumulation.This study provides new insights into anthocyanin regulation in sweet cherry and offers valuable resources for improving fruit quality.展开更多
This article utilizes Katherine Mansfield’s short story The Garden Party as the research object to explore the narrative generation conditions of ethical experience in the text. Through a close analysis of the novel...This article utilizes Katherine Mansfield’s short story The Garden Party as the research object to explore the narrative generation conditions of ethical experience in the text. Through a close analysis of the novel’s narrative structure and key scenes, the article argues that ethical discomfort does not evolve into enduring moral judgments within the text;rather, it is continually managed and deferred through the interplay of aesthetic order, familial discourse, and the distribution of social roles. The novel eschews a linear trajectory of ethical awakening, instead crafting a narrative mechanism that keeps ethical experience palpable yet inarticulable. The female subject is given the role of sensing ethical incongruity, but lacks the narrative position from which to articulate it as judgment. Consequently, ethics remains confined to the level of personalization and unimplementability. Far from a narrative of moral growth or awakening, The Garden Party exposes why ethical judgment has become structurally unrealizable in modern narratives.展开更多
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(projects 22221001,22131007,and 22401119)the 111 project(B20027)+1 种基金the Gansu provincial science and technology program(24ZD13GA015,23ZDGA012,and 24JRRA435)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(lzujbky-2024-jdzx13).
文摘Sonodynamic therapy(SDT)has emerged as an advanced technology for treatment of malignant tumors.Many organic and inorganic sonosensitizers have been reported but they still have the respective limitations.Constructing the materials to integrate the superiorities of organic and inorganic sonosensitizers is expected to be a good method to enhance the efficiency of SDT.Herein,we report an intelligent sonosensitizer(TPA-OS⊂CP5@CeOx),integrating the organic(TPA-OS)and inorganic sonosensitizers(CP5@CeOx)via host-vip interaction.The modification of carboxyl-pillar[5]arene(CP5)on CeOx constructs the supramolecular interface by coupling of CP5 and oxygen vacancies.The band gap of CeOx is reduced and the ratio of Ce4+/Ce3+is increased to regulate tumor microenvironment.Thus,the SDT performance of CP5@CeOx can be improved.Furthermore,the synergistic effect of TPA-OS with aggregation-induced emission can further regulate and enhance the SDT efficiency.The cellular experiments demonstrate that TPA-OS⊂CP5@CeOx exhibits the synergistic therapeutic effect in double organelle of lysosome and mitochondria.The in vivo experiments suggest TPA-OS⊂CP5@CeOx has imaging-guided enhanced SDT performance to achieve tumor inhibition.This study contributes to the construction of novel intelligent sonosensitizers,indicating that supramolecular interface engineering is promising to realize the customized treatments with minimal side effects.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[2017YFC0307604].
文摘The epoxy shape memory polymer(SMP)with adjustable phase transition temperature is a kind of high-performance shape mem-ory polymer,which can change its phase transition temperature and improve its mechanical properties through the process of photo curing.An epoxy SMP constitutive model combining phase transition and viscoelasticity is established by discretizing the epoxy SMP into several glass phase units and rubbery phase units in this paper.The model includes the viscoelastic constitutive equa-tions of glass phase units and rubber phase units,the parameter expression during shape memory process,and material parameter equation during photocuring process.And the stress relaxation behavior of epoxy SMP at different temperatures and the change of material parameters during the photo-curing process are simu-lated numerically,and the simulation results perform consistency with the experimental data.The model can not only relate shape memory effect and phase transformation in physics but also better characterize the viscoelastic properties of SMP and predict the shape memory response of SMP.
文摘Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathological characteristics and molecular pathways associated with its progression.Advances in scientific research have increasingly highlighted the crucial role of non-coding RNAs in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.These non-coding RNAs regulate several biological processes critical to the advancement of the disease,offering promising potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.Therefore,this review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease onset,with a particular focus on microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs,and circular RNAs associated with the disease.The review elucidates the potential pathogenic processes of Alzheimer's disease and provides a detailed description of the synthesis mechanisms of the three aforementioned non-coding RNAs.It comprehensively summarizes the various non-coding RNAs that have been identified to play key regulatory roles in Alzheimer's disease,as well as how these noncoding RNAs influence the disease's progression by regulating gene expression and protein functions.For example,miR-9 targets the UBE4B gene,promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of Tau protein,thereby reducing Tau accumulation and delaying Alzheimer's disease progression.Conversely,the long non-coding RNA BACE1-AS stabilizes BACE1 mRNA,promoting the generation of amyloid-βand accelerating Alzheimer's disease development.Additionally,circular RNAs play significant roles in regulating neuroinflammatory responses.By integrating insights from these regulatory mechanisms,there is potential to discover new therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for early detection and management of Alzheimer's disease.This review aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and non-coding RNAs,potentially paving the way for early detection and novel treatment strategies.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2025AFC041).
文摘China implemented its Action Plan of Air Pollution Prevention and Control(APAPPC)in 2013 as a major step in national air-quality management.This study treated the APAPPC as a quasi-experiment,drawing on the Grossman and Cropper models,to examine how air pollution affected individual health capital and medical service demand.Using panel data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study for 2011,2013,2015,and 2018,the analysis applied a Heckman two-stage model and difference-in-differences estimation to identify the policy's effects on medical expenditure.The results showed that the APAPPC significantly reduced annual health spending,with stronger effects among women,older adults,and rural residents.The mechanism analysis indicated that the reduction in respiratory diseases played a key role.This study provides evidence that supports further airpollution control in China and offers useful insights for other developing countries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32271389,31900987(both to PY)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK20230608(to JJ)。
文摘Regulatory T cells,a subset of CD4^(+)T cells,play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis due to their potent immunosuppressive properties.Recent advances in research have highlighted the important therapeutic potential of Tregs in neurological diseases and tissue repair,emphasizing their multifaceted roles in immune regulation.This review aims to summarize and analyze the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of Tregs in relation to neurological diseases and neural regeneration.Beyond their classical immune-regulatory functions,emerging evidence points to non-immune mechanisms of regulatory T cells,particularly their interactions with stem cells and other non-immune cells.These interactions contribute to optimizing the repair microenvironment and promoting tissue repair and nerve regeneration,positioning non-immune pathways as a promising direction for future research.By modulating immune and non-immune cells,including neurons and glia within neural tissues,Tregs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in enhancing regeneration in the central and peripheral nervous systems.Preclinical studies have revealed that Treg cells interact with neurons,glial cells,and other neural components to mitigate inflammatory damage and support functional recovery.Current mechanistic studies show that Tregs can significantly promote neural repair and functional recovery by regulating inflammatory responses and the local immune microenvironment.However,research on the mechanistic roles of regulatory T cells in other diseases remains limited,highlighting substantial gaps and opportunities for exploration in this field.Laboratory and clinical studies have further advanced the application of regulatory T cells.Technical advances have enabled efficient isolation,ex vivo expansion and functionalization,and adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells,with efficacy validated in animal models.Innovative strategies,including gene editing,cell-free technologies,biomaterial-based recruitment,and in situ delivery have expanded the therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells.Gene editing enables precise functional optimization,while biomaterial and in situ delivery technologies enhance their accumulation and efficacy at target sites.These advancements not only improve the immune-regulatory capacity of regulatory T cells but also significantly enhance their role in tissue repair.By leveraging the pivotal and diverse functions of Tregs in immune modulation and tissue repair,regulatory T cells–based therapies may lead to transformative breakthroughs in the treatment of neurological diseases.
基金Supported by the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Control Theory and Intelligent Systems (ZDSYS20220330161800001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62303207)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024A1515010725)。
文摘This paper studies cooperative robust parallel operation of multiple actuators over an undirected communication graph.The plant is modeled as an uncertain linear system,and the actuators are linear and identical.Based on the internal model principle,a distributed dynamic output feedback control law is proposed to achieve both robust output regulation of the closed-loop system and plant input sharing among the actuators.A practical example of five motors cooperatively driving an uncertain shaft under an external load torque is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control law.
文摘Four distinct coordination polymers(CPs)were successfully synthesized by altering solvent types and adjusting ligand concentrations,and their crystal structures were investigated.[Co(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)_(2)]·0.5H_(2)O(1)was synthesized as a 2D structure using Coas the metal source,methanol‑water(4∶6,V/V)as the solvent,and specific concentrations of 2,5‑furandicarboxylic acid(H_(2)FDCA)and 1,3,5‑triimidazole benzene(L).Adjusting to pure water and lowering the concentration of L yielded the 1D chain structure of[Co(HL)2(H_(2)O)_(2)](FDCA)_(2)·6H_(2)O(2).Using Cu(Ⅱ)as the metal source,methanol/water(9∶1,V/V)as the solvent,and specific concentrations of L and H2FDCA,the 1D chain structure of[Cu(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)]·2H_(2)O(3)was synthesized.Upon increasing the concentrations of L and H2FDCA,and switching the solvent to pure water,the 1D chain structure of[Cu(HL)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)](FDCA)_(2)·6H_(2)O(4)was obtained.This shows that changing the solvent and ligand concentrations can affect the structural changes of CPs.In addition,the solid‑state photoluminescence of CPs 1‑4 at room temperature was studied,and their morphological changes were observed via scanning electron microscopy.Density functional theory calculations revealed that the negative charge concentrates on the O and N atoms of the ligand,facilitating ligand‑metal ion coordination.CCDC:2403934,1;2403935,2;2403936,3;2403938,4.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC/RGC/JRF N_HKU735/21)Research Grant Council of Hong Kong,China(17102120,17108821,17103922,C1024-22GF,C7074-21G)+1 种基金Health and Medical Research Fund(HMRF 09200966)(to CSWL)FRQS Postdoctoral Fellowship(to AHKF).
文摘Dendritic spines are small protrusions along dendrites that contain most of the excitatory synapses in principal neurons,playing a crucial role in neuronal function by creating a compartmentalized environment for signal transduction.The plasticity of spine morphologies provides a tunable handle to regulate calcium signal dynamics,allowing rapid regulation of protein expression necessary to establish and maintain synapses(Cornejo et al.,2022).If excitatory inputs were to be located primarily on dendritic shafts,dendrites would frequently short-circuit,preventing voltage signals from propagating(Cornejo et al.,2022).It is thus not surprising that the structural plasticity of dendritic spines is closely linked to synaptic plasticity and memory formation(Berry and Nedivi,2017).While comprehensive in vitro studies have been conducted,in vivo studies that directly tackle the mechanism of dendritic transport and translation in regulating spine plasticity spatiotemporally are limited.
文摘In December 2025,Australia became the first country to ban social media for people under 16,sparking a worldwide debate on how to protect teens online without undue interference.While the goal of keeping young people away from harmful content and addictive algorithms is wise,a total ban may be counterproductive.A better approach is to combine regulation,education and parental guidance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52430001,52470091,52200108) for the financial support。
文摘Nanofiltration(NF) technology,with its capacity for nanoscale filtration and controllable selectivity,holds significant promise in diverse applications.However,the current upper bound of permeance and selectivity of NF membranes is intrinsically constrained by the morphology and structure of the polyamide(PA) selective layer.This issue arises because NF membranes typically exhibit relatively smooth nodular structures,which theoretically impede efficient water transport.In this study,we enhanced the formation of nanobubbles by synergistically regulating with surfactant and low temperatures,resulting in the fabrication of PA NF membranes with a crumpled morphology.We observed that lower temperatures promote enhanced gas solubility in the aqueous phase,facilitating increased nanobubble formation through the foaming effect of surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate(SDBS).Consequently,this resulted in the creation of PA NF membranes with more crumpled structures and superior performance,with pure water permeance reaching 36.25 ± 0.42 L m^(-2)h^(-1)bar^(-1),representing an improvement of 14.47 L m^(-2)h^(-1)bar^(-1)compared to the control group.Additionally,it maintains a high Na_(2)SO_(4) rejection rate of97.00 % ± 0.58 %.The PA NF membranes produced by eliminating nanobubbles and free interfaces exhibited a smooth structure,whereas introducing nanobubbles(through Na HCO_(3) addition,N_(2) pressurization,and ultrasonication) resulted in the formation of crumpled membranes.This emphasized that the large amount of nanobubbles generated by SDBS and low temperature in the interfacial process played a critical role in shaping crumpled PA NF membranes and enhancing membrane performance.This approach has the potential to provide valuable insights into customizing the structural design of TFC PA NF membranes,contributing to further advancements in this field.
文摘Lin Wei is a hiking enthusiast.At six o'clock on the last Saturday morning,the temperature at the foot of the mountain was only 2℃,so she put on her thickest fleece jacket.However,after only half an hour of climbing,the heat left her drenched in sweat,making her feel very cold.By midday,the temperature was approaching 20℃,and her heavy jacket had to be tied around her waist,becoming a burden during her hike.This outdoor adventure allowed her to appreciate the beautiful scenery,but also subjected her to repeated changes in temperature.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1600700)Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32372644,32472661)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Universities in Anhui Province,China(Grant Nos.2022AH050931,2023AH051043)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.2108085MC105).
文摘Anthocyanins are the main pigments in ripe strawberry fruits.FaMYB10 and abscisic acid(ABA)are the two major regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the maturation process of strawberry fruits.However,the transcriptional regulation of FaMYB10,ABA biosynthesis,and anthocyanin accumulation in strawberry(Fragaria×ananassa)remain largely unknown.Here,a yeast one-hybrid screen using the FaMYB10 promoter identified a class B MADS-domain transcription factor,FaMADS6 in strawberry.FaMADS6 exhibited high expression at the early developmental stage but was hardly detected during maturation of strawberry fruit,a pattern opposite to accumulation of anthocyanins.Transcriptional upregulation of FaMADS6 repressed anthocyanin accumulation and expression of FaMYB10 and the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes,FaCHS,FaCHI,FaF3H,FaANS,and FaUFGT.In contrast,downregulation of FaMADS6 promoted the expression of FaMYB10 and the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes.The promoters of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes were not directly bound by FaMADS6,in contrast to FaMYB10.Analysis of the DNA binding sequences of FaMADS6 revealed that it also interacted with the promoters of FaNCED2 and FaPYR1,which are involved in the biosynthesis and perception of ABA.Overexpression of FaMADS6 significantly suppressed FaNCED2 and FaPYR1 and ABA synthesis in transgenic strawberry.Together,our findings suggest that FaMADS6 functions as a suppressor of anthocyanin accumulation by directly downregulating FaMYB10 and ABA production during strawberry fruit maturation.
文摘State Administration for Market Regulation and National Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 48 mandatory national standards.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22472199)Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (15055009)Central University Guided Funds for Building World-Class Universities (Disciplines) and Advancing Characteristic Development
文摘Electrocatalytic glucose oxidation to high-value chemicals provides a sustainable route for biomass valorization.NiCo-based catalysts have emerged as promising candidates for glucose oxidation reaction owing to the intrinsic activity of Ni and Co catalytic centers.However,the dynamic evolution and atomic-scale synergy between these centers remain elusive.Herein,we fabricated NiCo_(2)O_(4)nanosheets supported on nickel foam,where Ni preferentially occupies tetrahedral sites to regulate the electronic configuration of octahedral Co.Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the incorporation of tetrahedral Ni induces low-to-intermediate spin transition in octahedral Co,thereby optimizing eg orbital occupancy and stabilizing active sites.This spin-state engineering establishes Ni-Co synergistic catalytic centers for the selective oxidation of glucose to formate(FA).At higher potential(≥1.4 V vs.RHE),octahedral Co undergoes reconstruction into excessive active CoOOH and CoO_(2)species,resulting in glucose overoxidation to CO_(2)and intensified competitive oxygen evolution.In contrast,at lower potentials(<1.4 V vs.RHE),tetrahedral Ni facilitates electron delocalization across the Ni–O–Co lattice,thereby stabilizing octahedral Co for glucose adsorption and oxidation.Subsequently,a coupled electrocatalytic system was constructed,achieving 80.7%FA yield with 91.3%Faradaic efficiency(FE)at NiCo_(2)O_(4)anode and H2 evolution rate of 696μmol h^(−1)with 99.9%FE at Pt cathode for 2 h under 1.35 V vs.RHE.This work provides a deep insight into spin-state regulation of the catalytic center,offering valuable guidance for rational catalyst design.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272111)+4 种基金Special fund for youth team of the Southwest Universities(SWU-XJPY202306)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(CSTB2024NSCQLZX0012)Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-12)Chongqing Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(COMAITS202504)Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2022ZD04008).We sincerely appreciate the Plant Editors team for English language editing of the manuscript,which significantly improved its clarity and overall quality.
文摘Flowering time is a critical agronomic trait with a profound effect on the productivity and adaptabillity of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.).Strategically advancing flowering time can reduce the risk of yield losses due to extreme climatic conditions and facilitate the cultivation of subsequent crops on the same land,thereby enhancing overall agricultural efficiency.In this review,we synthesize current information on flowering time regulation in rapeseed through an integrated analysis of its genetic,hormonal,and environmental dimensions,emphasizing their crosstalk and implications for yield.We consolidate multi-omics evidence from population genetics,functional genomics,and systems biology to create a haplotype-based framework that overcomes the trade-off between flowering time and yield,providing support for the precision breeding of early-maturing cultivars.The insights presented here could inform future research on flowering time regulation and guide strategies for increasing rapeseed productivity.
基金supported by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2025A1515011362)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52102304,52172238)Open Project of Shaanxi Laboratory of Aerospace Power(2021SXSYS-01-03).
文摘Pb-Sn mixed perovskite solar cells(PSCs)are crucial components for realizing efficient all-perovskite tandem devices.However,their efficiency and stability are severely limited by oxidative degradation(Sn^(4+)formation)and metallic defects(Sn^(0)/Pb^(0)).In addition,the rapid and uncontrolled Sn^(2+)nucleation kinetics result in nonuniform crystallization.Herein,we introduce a natural redox shuttle glutathione(GSH)in Pb-Sn mixed PSCs,achieving regenerable antioxidation and crystallization regulation simultaneously.The reversible redox reactions between GSH and glutathione disulfide(GSSG)enable the self-healing of Sn^(4+)and Sn^(0)/Pb^(0)impurities,creating a regenerable antioxidation protective shell at the perovskite interfaces.Meanwhile,the strong coordination between GSH and perovskite regulates the crystallization process,optimizing the nucleation and crystallization kinetics.Furthermore,the GSH incorporation creates a high-quality charge separation junction at the perovskite/hole transport layer,facilitating carrier separation and extraction.The optimized Pb-Sn PSCs exhibit impressive power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of up to 23.71%.The champion all-perovskite tandem PSCs with GSH achieve a PCE of 28.49%and retain 90%of the initial PCE after 560 h of continuous illumination.This work establishes a new nature-inspired redox shuttling strategy and elucidates its working mechanism,advancing the development of efficient and stable all-perovskite tandem solar cells.
文摘State Administration for Market Regulation and National Standardization Administration of China have approved the following 34 mandatory national standards.
基金supported by the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System,China(CARS27)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072555)+1 种基金the Nationally Funded Postdoctoral Researcher Program(GZC20230863)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M760968)。
文摘Malic acid is a crucial determinant of apple(Malus domestica)fruit quality,influencing acidity and flavor.While transcriptional regulation of malic acid metabolism is well-studied,post-transcriptional control and the role of jasmonate(JA)remain largely unexplored.We identify a novel regulatory pathway involving JA signaling,a micro RNA(mi RNA),and vacuolar transport regulators that control malic acid accumulation in apple fruit.We show that mdm-mi R858,which increases during fruit maturation,directly targets and cleaves Md MYB73 transcripts.Md MYB73 is a known positive regulator of vacuolar H+-pumping and malate transport,activating genes like Md VHA-A,Md VHP,and Md ALMT9.Overexpression of mdm-mi R858 suppressed Md MYB73,thereby reducing Md VHA-A,Md VHP,and Md ALMT9 expression and malic acid content in apple calli,fruits,and GL-3plantlets,while silencing mdm-mi R858 had opposite effects.Crucially,the JA-responsive transcription factor Md MYC2,the expression of which increases during fruit maturation,directly binds the mdm-mi R858 promoter and activates its expression.Furthermore,the Mediator complex subunit Md MED25 interacts with Md MYC2,enhancing this activation.Manipulating Md MYC2 or Md MED25expression altered mdm-mi R858 levels,Md MYB73expression,and malic acid accumulation,mirroring exogenous methyl jasmonate(Me JA)treatment effects.A mi R858-resistant Md MYB73 variant confirmed the miRNA-target interaction's specificity and functional significance.Our findings reveal a novel JA-Md MYC2/MdMED25-mi R858-Md MYB73regulatory cascade controlling malic acid accumulation in apple,providing a mechanistic link between hormonal signaling and post-transcriptional regulation of fruit acidity.This discovery offers new targets for manipulating fruit quality.
基金funding from the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(Grant Nos.2025ZNSFSC1100,2024NSFSC0324)the National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2017YFC0505104)+2 种基金the Sichuan Agricultural University Dual Support Plan Special Project(Grant No.2024ZYTS020)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade B)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.GZB20250863)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2025M773740).
文摘Anthocyanins play a crucial role in shaping the visual appeal and nutritional quality of fruits.Previous research on anthocyanin biosynthesis in sweet cherry(Prunus avium L.)has primarily relied on single-omics approaches or focused on a limited range of metabolites,leaving the regulatory mechanisms and dynamic metabolism of anthocyanins during ripening inadequately characterized.This study integrated anthocyanin-targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics to identify key anthocyanins in sweet cherry and construct a transcriptional regulatory network for anthocyanin biosynthesis.A novel bHLH transcription factor,Prunus avium bHLH transcription factor 102(PavbHLH102),was identified,and its role in regulating cyanidin levels was validated through overexpression and silencing experiments.Both in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that PavbHLH102 activates key anthocyanin biosynthetic genes,including PavF3H,PavDFR,and PavUFGT,thereby enhancing fruit coloration.Notably,PavF3′H upregulation significantly increased cyanidin accumulation.This study provides new insights into anthocyanin regulation in sweet cherry and offers valuable resources for improving fruit quality.
文摘This article utilizes Katherine Mansfield’s short story The Garden Party as the research object to explore the narrative generation conditions of ethical experience in the text. Through a close analysis of the novel’s narrative structure and key scenes, the article argues that ethical discomfort does not evolve into enduring moral judgments within the text;rather, it is continually managed and deferred through the interplay of aesthetic order, familial discourse, and the distribution of social roles. The novel eschews a linear trajectory of ethical awakening, instead crafting a narrative mechanism that keeps ethical experience palpable yet inarticulable. The female subject is given the role of sensing ethical incongruity, but lacks the narrative position from which to articulate it as judgment. Consequently, ethics remains confined to the level of personalization and unimplementability. Far from a narrative of moral growth or awakening, The Garden Party exposes why ethical judgment has become structurally unrealizable in modern narratives.
