The regenerative braking energy utilization system(RBEUS)stands as a promising technique for improving the efficiency and power quality of electrified railways.Beyond the vital aspects of energy management and control...The regenerative braking energy utilization system(RBEUS)stands as a promising technique for improving the efficiency and power quality of electrified railways.Beyond the vital aspects of energy management and control strategies,ensuring fault protection is paramount for the secure and steady operation of the traction power supply system(TPSS)integrated with RBEUS.This paper introduces an innovative protection scheme tailored to diverse RBEUS application scenarios.Firstly,fault categories are streamlined into three levels:system,equipment,and warning.Subsequently,a novel multi-port active power differential protection method,aligned with RBEUS operational principles,is crafted to serve as a comprehensive and sensitive main protection.Building upon this foundation,a hierarchical protection structure for RBEUS is established,addressing the intricacies and variations in fault types while boosting anti-disturbance capabilities under faulty conditions.Embracing the principle of railway-oriented safety,a collaborative RBEUS-TPSS protection scheme is put forth.Finally,through simulated scenarios encompassing various fault conditions,the proposed scheme’s feasibility and effectiveness are convincingly validated.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bone regeneration is a central focus of regenerative medicine,with applications in orthopedics and dentistry,particularly for treating bone defects caused by trauma,infection,or congenital anomalies.Synthet...BACKGROUND Bone regeneration is a central focus of regenerative medicine,with applications in orthopedics and dentistry,particularly for treating bone defects caused by trauma,infection,or congenital anomalies.Synthetic biomaterials,often combined with fibrin derivatives,offer promising solutions for bone healing and restoration.AIM To Explore the increasingly important role of the association of synthetic biomaterials with fibrin in bone regeneration.METHODS Search terms included:“synthetic biomaterials AND fibrin sealant”,“hydroxyapatite AND fibrin sealant”,“tricalcium phosphate AND fibrin sealant”,and“synthetic biomaterials AND platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)”,resulting in 67 articles.After rigorous screening,21 articles met the inclusion criteria.RESULTS The reviewed studies assessed biomaterials like hydroxyapatite(HA),β-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP),and fibrin-based products.Key findings highlighted the enhanced osteoconductivity and biocompatibility of HA andβ-TCP,especially when combined with fibrin sealants.These composites show significant potential for improving cellular adhesion,promoting osteogenic differentiation,and accelerating bone regeneration.The antimicrobial properties and structural support for cell growth of certain biomaterials indicate a promising potential for clinical applic-ations.CONCLUSION This systematic review emphasizes the growing role of fibrin-based biomaterials in bone regeneration and urges continued research to improve their clinical use for complex bone defects.展开更多
Cannabidiol(CBD),the second most significant phytocannabinoid in the plant Cannabis sativa,which lacks potential as a drug of abuse(Viudez-Martinez et al.,2019),has gained widespread attention due to its anti-inflamma...Cannabidiol(CBD),the second most significant phytocannabinoid in the plant Cannabis sativa,which lacks potential as a drug of abuse(Viudez-Martinez et al.,2019),has gained widespread attention due to its anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and antidepressant properties(Garci a-Gutierrez et al.,2020).Additionally,CBD exhibits neuroprotective properties,preserving neuronal viability and function by preventing or limiting cellular damage.Our team has demonstrated that CBD produces rapid antidepressant-like effects in a murine model of chronic mild stress,restoring hippocampal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).展开更多
Regenerative catalytic oxidizers(RCO)are widely used to remove volatile organic compounds(VOCs)due to their energy-saving and stability.In this study,a multi-component catalytic reaction model was constructed to numer...Regenerative catalytic oxidizers(RCO)are widely used to remove volatile organic compounds(VOCs)due to their energy-saving and stability.In this study,a multi-component catalytic reaction model was constructed to numerically investigate the reaction process of hydrocarbon-containing VOCs in RCO using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation.To obtain the conversion characteristics of multi-component hydrocarbons,the effects of intake load,equivalence ratio,and the composition of multi-component hydrocarbons on the flow,heat transfer,and conversion rate of the reactor were analyzed.A feasibility study plan targeting the hard-to-convert components was also proposed.The results indicated that as the load increases,the conversion rates of the various components decrease,while the reaction rates increase.Moreover,increasing the flow velocity intensifies turbulence and enhances the collision frequency between the gas and the wall surfaces.This,in turn,amplifies the resistance effect of the porous medium.As the equivalence ratio of VOCs to oxygen increases,the oxygen-deficient condition leads to a decrease in the molecular weight of the hydrocarbons involved in the reaction.The reaction temperature also shows a downward trend.A comparative analysis of the catalytic combustion characteristics of multi-component VOCs and single-component gases reveals that adding ethane and propane can facilitate methane oxidation.展开更多
The osteochondral(OC)interface exhibits a mineral gradient,varying in thickness by several hundred micrometers across different species.Disruptions in this interface damage OC tissues,leading to osteoarthritis.The nat...The osteochondral(OC)interface exhibits a mineral gradient,varying in thickness by several hundred micrometers across different species.Disruptions in this interface damage OC tissues,leading to osteoarthritis.The natural architecture and composition of native OC interfaces can be replicated using biomaterial scaffolds via regenerative engineering approaches.A novel one-step bioextrusion process was employed to fabricate a unitary synthetic graft(USG),which mimics the native OC interface’s mineral concentration gradient.This novel USG is composed of an agarose-based cartilage layer and a bone layer,consisting of agarose enriched with 20%(200 g/L)hydroxyapatite.The USG features a gradient interface with mineral concentrations transitioning from 0%to 20%(mass fraction),mimicking the transition between the cartilage and bone.Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the gradient transition lengths of the graft and native OC tissue harvested from bovine knees were similar((647±21)vs.(633±124)μm).The linear viscoelastic properties of the grafts,which were evaluated using strain sweep and frequency sweep tests with oscillatory shear,indicated a dominant storage modulus over loss modulus similar to that of native OC tissues.The compressive and stress relaxation behaviors of the USGs demonstrated that the graft maintained structural integrity under mechanical stress.Viability assays performed after bioextrusion showed that chondrocytes and human fetal osteoblast cells successfully integrated and survived within their designated regions of the graft.The novel USGs exhibit properties similar to native OC tissue and are promising candidates for regenerating OC defects and restoring knee joint functionality.展开更多
The concepts of the circular economy(CE)are actively popularized as ways of minimizing waste products and the need to rely on virgin resources.Nevertheless,their sustainability is doubtful at a general level where eco...The concepts of the circular economy(CE)are actively popularized as ways of minimizing waste products and the need to rely on virgin resources.Nevertheless,their sustainability is doubtful at a general level where ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services(ES)are not given explicit attention.This review will combine both conceptual and empirical evidence of the connection between CE interventions and ES outcomes to enable more sustainable management of resources.We describe the effects of the CE strategies on the key environmental pressure pathways,altering ecosystem conditions,and impacting the delivery of regulating,provisioning,and cultural ecosystem services using a pressure condition-service framework.Analysis reveals that demand-side reduction and product life-extension strategies tend to offer more consistent ecosystem service co-benefits than recycling and recovery strategies because they do not involve production,and will cause less disturbance to the upstream environment.Contrastingly,recycling and recovery sustainability performance is highly dependent on the sources of energy,intensity of processing,and the safety of materials.Bio-based circularity has the potential to increase soil functionality and nutrient cycling,and mass application will result in trade-offs in terms of land competition and nutrient leakage.The sectoral analysis identifies the unique opportunities and threats in the agri-food systems,the built environment,plastics and textiles,electronics and critical minerals,and water and wastewater systems in terms of the burden displacement,local environmental pressures,and equity concerns.Harmonized reporting,coupled with supply-chain and spatial ecological assessment,threshold-conscious strategies that promote safe and regenerative circular systems should be put into the line of future research.展开更多
Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a devastating central nervous system(CNS)disorder characterized by significant neurological dysfunction and sensory loss,and effective therapies that prevent neuronal loss and funct...Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a devastating central nervous system(CNS)disorder characterized by significant neurological dysfunction and sensory loss,and effective therapies that prevent neuronal loss and functional recovery remain elusive.After SCI,lesions are surrounded by neuroprotective borders formed by newly proliferated reactive astrocytes.Astrocyte proliferation and activation mediate the formation and function of the glial scar and influence the balance between protection and inflammation.展开更多
Braking on low adhesion-coefficient roads,hybrid electric vehicle's motor regenerative torque is switched off to safeguard the normal anti-lock braking system(ABS)fimction.When the ABS control is terminated,the mo...Braking on low adhesion-coefficient roads,hybrid electric vehicle's motor regenerative torque is switched off to safeguard the normal anti-lock braking system(ABS)fimction.When the ABS control is terminated,the motor regenerative braking is readmitted.Aiming at avoiding permanent cycles from hydraulic anti-lock braking to motor regenerative braking,a novel electro-mechanical hybrid anti-lock braking system using fuzzy logic is designed.Different from the traditional single control structure,this system has a two-layered hierarchical structure,The first layer is responsible for harmonious adjustment or interaction between regenerative system and anti-lock braking system.The second layer is responsible for braking torque distribution and adjustment.The closed-loop simulation model is built.Control strategy and method for coordination between regenerative and anti-lock braking are developed.Simulation braking on low adhesion-coefficient roads with fuzzy logic control and real vehicle braking field test are presented.The results from simulating analysis and experiment show braking performance of the vehicle is perfect,harmonious coordination between regenerative and anti-lock braking function,significant amount of braking energy can be recovered and the proposed control strategy and method are effective.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the diagnosis, pathogenesis, natural history, and management of nodular regenerative hyperplasia(NRH) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). METHODS: We performed a systematic review o...AIM: To investigate the diagnosis, pathogenesis, natural history, and management of nodular regenerative hyperplasia(NRH) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the medical literature regarding NRH in patients with HIV. Inclusion criteria include reports with biopsy proven NRH. We studied the clinical features of NRH, in particular, related to its presenting manifestation and laboratory values. Combinations of the following keywords were implemented: "nodular regenerative hyperplasia", "human immunodeficiency virus", "noncirrhotic portal hypertension", "idiopathic portal hypertension", "cryptogenic liver disease", "highly active antiretroviral therapy" and "didanosine". The bibliographies of these studies were subsequently searched for any additional relevant publications.RESULTS: The clinical presentation of patients with NRH varies from patients being completely asymptomatic to the development of portal hypertension – namely esophageal variceal bleeding and ascites. Liver associated enzymes are generally normal and synthetic function well preserved. There is a strong association between the occurrence of NRH and the use of antiviral therapies such as didanosine. The management of NRH revolves around treating the manifestations of portal hypertension. The prognosis of NRH is generally good since liver function is preserved. A high index of suspicion is required to make a identify NRH. CONCLUSION: The appropriate management of HIVinfected persons with suspected NRH is yet to be outlined. However, NRH is a clinically subtle condition that is difficult to diagnose, and it is important to be able to manage it according to the best available evidence.展开更多
The new regenerative cooling thermal protection system exhibits the multifunctional characteristics of load-carrying and heat exchange cooling,which are fundamental for the lightweight design and thermal protection of...The new regenerative cooling thermal protection system exhibits the multifunctional characteristics of load-carrying and heat exchange cooling,which are fundamental for the lightweight design and thermal protection of hypersonic vehicles.Triply periodic minimal surface(TPMS)is especially suitable for the structural design of the internal cavity of regenerative cooling structures owing to its excellent structural characteristics.In this study,test pieces were manufactured using Ti6Al4V lightweight material.We designed three types of porous test pieces,and the interior was filled with a TPMS lattice(Gyroid,Primitive,I-WP)with a porosity of 30%.All porous test pieces were manufactured via selective laser melting technology.A combination of experiments and finite element simulations were performed to study the selection of the internal cavity structure of the regenerative cooling thermal protection system.Hence,the relationship between the geometry and mechanical properties of a unit cell is established,and the deformation mechanism of the porous unit cell is clarified.Among the three types of porous test pieces,the weight of the test piece filled with the Gyroid unit cell was reduced by 8.21%,the average tensile strength was reduced by 17.7%compared to the solid test piece,while the average tensile strength of the Primitive and I-WP porous test pieces were decreased by 30.5%and 33.3%,respectively.Compared with the other two types of unit cells,Gyroid exhibited better mechanical conductivity characteristics.Its deformation process was characterised by stretching,shearing,and twisting,while the Primitive and I-WP unit cells underwent tensile deformation and tensile and shear deformation,respectively.The finite element predictions in the study agree well with the experimental results.The results can provide a basis for the design of regenerative cooling thermal protection system.展开更多
A high-precision pseudo-noise ranging system is often required in satellite-formation missions. But in an actual PN ranging system, digital signal processing limits the ranging accuracy, only level up with meter-scale...A high-precision pseudo-noise ranging system is often required in satellite-formation missions. But in an actual PN ranging system, digital signal processing limits the ranging accuracy, only level up with meter-scale. Using non-integer chip to sample time ratio, noncommensurate sampling was seen as an effective solution to cope with the drawback of digital effects. However, researchers only paid attention to selecting specific ratios or giving a simulation model to verify the effectiveness of the noncommensurate ratios. A qualitative analysis model is proposed to characterize the relationship between the range accuracy and the noncommensurate sampling parameters. Moreover, a method is also presented which can be used to choose the noncommensurate ratio and the correlation length to get higher phase delay distinguishability and lower range jitter. The simulation results indicate the correctness of our analyses and the optimal ranging accuracy can be up to centimeter-level with the proposed approach.展开更多
Vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）in neurodevelopment and regeneration：VEGF is a well-known factor that promotes vascularization and angiogenesis.Besides this it participates in the pathogenesis of several di...Vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）in neurodevelopment and regeneration：VEGF is a well-known factor that promotes vascularization and angiogenesis.Besides this it participates in the pathogenesis of several diseases,such as colorectal carcinoma,lung cancer or diabetic retinopathy.Within the last decade,VEGF has been successfully integrated into the treatment of such diseases,for example as a therapy for colorectal cancer with the VEGF-receptor （VEGFR）-inhibitor axitinib.展开更多
Parkinson＇s disease（PD）is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer＇s disease.The etiology of PD is still not completely understood,but the degeneration of dopaminergic（DA）neurons in the s...Parkinson＇s disease（PD）is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer＇s disease.The etiology of PD is still not completely understood,but the degeneration of dopaminergic（DA）neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta（SNpc）,loss of DA innervation of the striatum,and protein aggregates in the form of Lewy bodies and neurites are its established hallmarks. In addition to α-synuclein accumu- lation in Lewy bodies and neurites, genetic mutations in the genes encoding parkin, PINK, DJ-1, LRRK2 and other proteins are associated with the inherited form of PD. An association study linked also the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret to PD （Meka et al., 2015）. Currently there are only symptomatic treatments available for PD but no cure. Consequently much effort is being made to find neurotrophic and other factors able to stimulate SNpc DA neuron protection and regeneration.展开更多
In order to fully utilize the regenerative braking energy of metro trains and stabilize the metro DC traction busbar voltage,a hybrid regenerative braking energy recovery system with a dual-mode power management strat...In order to fully utilize the regenerative braking energy of metro trains and stabilize the metro DC traction busbar voltage,a hybrid regenerative braking energy recovery system with a dual-mode power management strategy is proposed.Firstly,the construction of the hybrid regenerative braking energy recovery system is explained.Then,based on the power demand of low-voltage load in metro stations,a dual-mode power management strategy is proposed to allocate the reference power of each system according to the different working conditions,and the control methods of each system are set.Finally,the correctness and effectiveness of the dual-mode strategy are verified through simulation,and the proposed braking energy utilization scheme is compared with other singleform utilization schemes.The results illustrate that the hybrid system with the dual-mode strategy can effectively recycle the regenerative braking energy of metro train and inhibit the busbar voltage fluctuation;the proposed braking energy utilization scheme has certain advantages on energy recovery and DC bus voltage stabilization compared with other single-form schemes;the proposed power management strategy can correctly allocate the reference power of each system with a lower construction cost.展开更多
AIM： To design a classification tool for the histological assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, dysplastic nodules （DN）, and macroregenerative nodules （MRN） in cirrhotic liver. METHODS： Two hundred and...AIM： To design a classification tool for the histological assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, dysplastic nodules （DN）, and macroregenerative nodules （MRN） in cirrhotic liver. METHODS： Two hundred and twelve hepatocellular nodules （106 HCC; 74 IRN, 32 DN） were assessed systematically, quantitatively, and semiquantitatively as appropriate for 10 histological features that have been described as helpful in distinguishing small HCC, DN, and MRN in cirrhotic livers. The data were analyzed by multiple correspondence analysis （MCA）. RESULTS： HCA distributed HCC, DN, and HRN as defined by traditional histological evaluation as well as the individual histological variables, in a ＂malignancy scale＂. Based on the MCA data representation, we created a classification tool, which categorizes an individual nodular lesion as MRN, DN, or HCC based on the balance of all histological features （i.e., vascular invasion, capsular invasion, tumor necrosis, tumor heterogeneity, reticulin loss, capillarization of sinusoids, trabecular thickness, nuclear atypia, and mitotic activity）. The classification tool classified most （83%） of a validation set of 47 nodules in the same way as the routine histological assessment. No discrepandes were present for DN and MRN between the routine histological assignment and the dassification tool. Of 25 HCC assigned by routine assessment in the validation set, 8 were assigned to the DN category by the classification tool. CONCLUSION： We have designed a classification tool for the histological assessment of HCC and its putative precursors in cirrhotic liver. Application of this toolsystematically records histological features of diagnostic importance in the evaluation of small HCC.展开更多
In the context of the“dual carbon”goals,to address issues such as high energy consumption,high costs,and low power quality in the rapid development of electrified railways,this study focused on the China Railways Hi...In the context of the“dual carbon”goals,to address issues such as high energy consumption,high costs,and low power quality in the rapid development of electrified railways,this study focused on the China Railways High-Speed 5 Electric Multiple Unit and proposed a mathematical model and capacity optimization method for an onboard energy storage system using lithium batteries and supercapacitors as storage media.Firstly,considering the electrical characteristics,weight,and volume of the storage media,a mathematical model of the energy storage system was established.Secondly,to tackle problems related to energy consumption and power quality,an energy management strategy was proposed that comprehensively considers peak shaving and valley filling and power quality by controlling the charge/discharge thresholds of the storage system.Thecapacity optimization adopted a bilevel programming model,with the series/parallel number of storage modules as variables,considering constraints imposed by the Direct Current to Direct Current converter,train load,and space.An improved Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm and linear programming solver were used to solve specific cases.The results show that the proposed onboard energy storage system can effectively achieve energy savings,reduce consumption,and improve power qualitywhile meeting the load and space limitations of the train.展开更多
The active suspension has undoubtedly improved the performance of the vehicle,however,the trend of“lowcarbonization,intelligence,and informationization”in the automotive industry has put forward higher and more urge...The active suspension has undoubtedly improved the performance of the vehicle,however,the trend of“lowcarbonization,intelligence,and informationization”in the automotive industry has put forward higher and more urgent requirements for the suspension system.The automotive industry and researchers favor active energy regeneration suspension technology with safety,comfort,and high energy regenerative efficiency.In this paper,we review the research progress of the structure form,optimization method,and control strategy of electromagnetic energy regenerative suspension.Specifically,comparing the pros and cons of the existing technology in solving the contradiction between dynamic performance and energy regeneration.In addition,the development trend of electromagnetic energy regenerative suspension in the field of structure form,optimization method,and control technology prospects.展开更多
The networking of microgrids has received significant attention in the form of a smart grid.In this paper,a set of smart railway stations,which is assumed as microgrids,is connected together.It has been tried to manag...The networking of microgrids has received significant attention in the form of a smart grid.In this paper,a set of smart railway stations,which is assumed as microgrids,is connected together.It has been tried to manage the energy exchanged between the networked microgrids to reduce received energy from the utility grid.Also,the operational costs of stations under various conditions decrease by applying the proposed method.The smart railway stations are studied in the presence of photovoltaic(PV)units,energy storage systems(ESSs),and regenerative braking strategies.Studying regenerative braking is one of the essential contributions.Moreover,the stochastic behaviors of the ESS’s initial state of energy and the uncertainty of PV power generation are taken into account through a scenario-based method.The networked microgrid scheme of railway stations(based on coordinated operation and scheduling)and independent operation of railway stations are studied.The proposed method is applied to realistic case studies,including three stations of Line 3 of Tehran Urban and Suburban Railway Operation Company(TUSROC).The rolling stock is simulated in the MATLAB environment.Thus,the coordinated operation of networked microgrids and independent operation of railway stations are optimized in the GAMS environment utilizing mixed-integer linear programming(MILP).展开更多
Regeneration in the central nervous system （CNS） is limited, and CNS damage often leads to cognitive impairment or permanent functional motor and sensory loss. Impaired regenerative capacity is multifactorial and in...Regeneration in the central nervous system （CNS） is limited, and CNS damage often leads to cognitive impairment or permanent functional motor and sensory loss. Impaired regenerative capacity is multifactorial and includes inflammation, loss of the blood-brain barrier, and alteration in the extracellular matrix （ECM）. One of the main problems is the formation of a glial scar and the production of inhibitory ECM, such as proteoglycans, that generates a physical and mechanical barrier, impeding axonal regrowth （Figure 1A）.展开更多
A combined system model is proposed including a molten carbonate fuel cell(MCFC),a graphene thermionic converter(GTIC)and thermally regenerative electrochemical cycles(TRECs).The expressions for power output,energy ef...A combined system model is proposed including a molten carbonate fuel cell(MCFC),a graphene thermionic converter(GTIC)and thermally regenerative electrochemical cycles(TRECs).The expressions for power output,energy efficiency of the subsystems and the couple system are formulated by considering several irreversible losses.Energy conservation equations between the subsystems are achieved leaned on the first law of thermodynamics.The optimum operating ranges for the combined system are determined compared with the MCFC system.Results reveal that the peak power output density(POD)and the corresponding energy efficiency are 28.22%and 10.76%higher than that of the single MCFC system,respectively.The effects of five designing parameters on the power density and energy efficiency of the MCFC/GTIC/TRECs model are also investigated and discussed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52107126 and52077179)the Key Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund Project(No.2023YFB2303901)the funding of Chengdu Guojia Electrical Engineering Co.,Ltd.(No.NEEC-2022-B11).
文摘The regenerative braking energy utilization system(RBEUS)stands as a promising technique for improving the efficiency and power quality of electrified railways.Beyond the vital aspects of energy management and control strategies,ensuring fault protection is paramount for the secure and steady operation of the traction power supply system(TPSS)integrated with RBEUS.This paper introduces an innovative protection scheme tailored to diverse RBEUS application scenarios.Firstly,fault categories are streamlined into three levels:system,equipment,and warning.Subsequently,a novel multi-port active power differential protection method,aligned with RBEUS operational principles,is crafted to serve as a comprehensive and sensitive main protection.Building upon this foundation,a hierarchical protection structure for RBEUS is established,addressing the intricacies and variations in fault types while boosting anti-disturbance capabilities under faulty conditions.Embracing the principle of railway-oriented safety,a collaborative RBEUS-TPSS protection scheme is put forth.Finally,through simulated scenarios encompassing various fault conditions,the proposed scheme’s feasibility and effectiveness are convincingly validated.
文摘BACKGROUND Bone regeneration is a central focus of regenerative medicine,with applications in orthopedics and dentistry,particularly for treating bone defects caused by trauma,infection,or congenital anomalies.Synthetic biomaterials,often combined with fibrin derivatives,offer promising solutions for bone healing and restoration.AIM To Explore the increasingly important role of the association of synthetic biomaterials with fibrin in bone regeneration.METHODS Search terms included:“synthetic biomaterials AND fibrin sealant”,“hydroxyapatite AND fibrin sealant”,“tricalcium phosphate AND fibrin sealant”,and“synthetic biomaterials AND platelet-rich fibrin(PRF)”,resulting in 67 articles.After rigorous screening,21 articles met the inclusion criteria.RESULTS The reviewed studies assessed biomaterials like hydroxyapatite(HA),β-tricalcium phosphate(β-TCP),and fibrin-based products.Key findings highlighted the enhanced osteoconductivity and biocompatibility of HA andβ-TCP,especially when combined with fibrin sealants.These composites show significant potential for improving cellular adhesion,promoting osteogenic differentiation,and accelerating bone regeneration.The antimicrobial properties and structural support for cell growth of certain biomaterials indicate a promising potential for clinical applic-ations.CONCLUSION This systematic review emphasizes the growing role of fibrin-based biomaterials in bone regeneration and urges continued research to improve their clinical use for complex bone defects.
基金supported by Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ,Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation,grant number PI18/00576 to MSGG and JMRRed de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones,Instituto de Salud CarlosⅢ,Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation,grant number RD21/0009/0008 and RD24/0003/0002+1 种基金Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante(ISABIAL)to JMThe Instituto de Neurociencias is a“Centre of Excellence Severo Ochoa”(CEX2021-001165-S).
文摘Cannabidiol(CBD),the second most significant phytocannabinoid in the plant Cannabis sativa,which lacks potential as a drug of abuse(Viudez-Martinez et al.,2019),has gained widespread attention due to its anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and antidepressant properties(Garci a-Gutierrez et al.,2020).Additionally,CBD exhibits neuroprotective properties,preserving neuronal viability and function by preventing or limiting cellular damage.Our team has demonstrated that CBD produces rapid antidepressant-like effects in a murine model of chronic mild stress,restoring hippocampal expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF).
基金supported by National Key Research&Development Program of China(2022YFB4101500).
文摘Regenerative catalytic oxidizers(RCO)are widely used to remove volatile organic compounds(VOCs)due to their energy-saving and stability.In this study,a multi-component catalytic reaction model was constructed to numerically investigate the reaction process of hydrocarbon-containing VOCs in RCO using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation.To obtain the conversion characteristics of multi-component hydrocarbons,the effects of intake load,equivalence ratio,and the composition of multi-component hydrocarbons on the flow,heat transfer,and conversion rate of the reactor were analyzed.A feasibility study plan targeting the hard-to-convert components was also proposed.The results indicated that as the load increases,the conversion rates of the various components decrease,while the reaction rates increase.Moreover,increasing the flow velocity intensifies turbulence and enhances the collision frequency between the gas and the wall surfaces.This,in turn,amplifies the resistance effect of the porous medium.As the equivalence ratio of VOCs to oxygen increases,the oxygen-deficient condition leads to a decrease in the molecular weight of the hydrocarbons involved in the reaction.The reaction temperature also shows a downward trend.A comparative analysis of the catalytic combustion characteristics of multi-component VOCs and single-component gases reveals that adding ethane and propane can facilitate methane oxidation.
基金supported by the School of Engineering and Digital Sciences of Nazarbayev University,Astana,Kazakhstan(to CE)。
文摘The osteochondral(OC)interface exhibits a mineral gradient,varying in thickness by several hundred micrometers across different species.Disruptions in this interface damage OC tissues,leading to osteoarthritis.The natural architecture and composition of native OC interfaces can be replicated using biomaterial scaffolds via regenerative engineering approaches.A novel one-step bioextrusion process was employed to fabricate a unitary synthetic graft(USG),which mimics the native OC interface’s mineral concentration gradient.This novel USG is composed of an agarose-based cartilage layer and a bone layer,consisting of agarose enriched with 20%(200 g/L)hydroxyapatite.The USG features a gradient interface with mineral concentrations transitioning from 0%to 20%(mass fraction),mimicking the transition between the cartilage and bone.Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the gradient transition lengths of the graft and native OC tissue harvested from bovine knees were similar((647±21)vs.(633±124)μm).The linear viscoelastic properties of the grafts,which were evaluated using strain sweep and frequency sweep tests with oscillatory shear,indicated a dominant storage modulus over loss modulus similar to that of native OC tissues.The compressive and stress relaxation behaviors of the USGs demonstrated that the graft maintained structural integrity under mechanical stress.Viability assays performed after bioextrusion showed that chondrocytes and human fetal osteoblast cells successfully integrated and survived within their designated regions of the graft.The novel USGs exhibit properties similar to native OC tissue and are promising candidates for regenerating OC defects and restoring knee joint functionality.
文摘The concepts of the circular economy(CE)are actively popularized as ways of minimizing waste products and the need to rely on virgin resources.Nevertheless,their sustainability is doubtful at a general level where ecosystem functioning and ecosystem services(ES)are not given explicit attention.This review will combine both conceptual and empirical evidence of the connection between CE interventions and ES outcomes to enable more sustainable management of resources.We describe the effects of the CE strategies on the key environmental pressure pathways,altering ecosystem conditions,and impacting the delivery of regulating,provisioning,and cultural ecosystem services using a pressure condition-service framework.Analysis reveals that demand-side reduction and product life-extension strategies tend to offer more consistent ecosystem service co-benefits than recycling and recovery strategies because they do not involve production,and will cause less disturbance to the upstream environment.Contrastingly,recycling and recovery sustainability performance is highly dependent on the sources of energy,intensity of processing,and the safety of materials.Bio-based circularity has the potential to increase soil functionality and nutrient cycling,and mass application will result in trade-offs in terms of land competition and nutrient leakage.The sectoral analysis identifies the unique opportunities and threats in the agri-food systems,the built environment,plastics and textiles,electronics and critical minerals,and water and wastewater systems in terms of the burden displacement,local environmental pressures,and equity concerns.Harmonized reporting,coupled with supply-chain and spatial ecological assessment,threshold-conscious strategies that promote safe and regenerative circular systems should be put into the line of future research.
基金supported by a Grant-in-Aid of AMED under Grant Numbers(JP22gm1510009)to RM.
文摘Traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)is a devastating central nervous system(CNS)disorder characterized by significant neurological dysfunction and sensory loss,and effective therapies that prevent neuronal loss and functional recovery remain elusive.After SCI,lesions are surrounded by neuroprotective borders formed by newly proliferated reactive astrocytes.Astrocyte proliferation and activation mediate the formation and function of the glial scar and influence the balance between protection and inflammation.
基金supported by National Development and Reform Commission of China(Grant No.2005934)
文摘Braking on low adhesion-coefficient roads,hybrid electric vehicle's motor regenerative torque is switched off to safeguard the normal anti-lock braking system(ABS)fimction.When the ABS control is terminated,the motor regenerative braking is readmitted.Aiming at avoiding permanent cycles from hydraulic anti-lock braking to motor regenerative braking,a novel electro-mechanical hybrid anti-lock braking system using fuzzy logic is designed.Different from the traditional single control structure,this system has a two-layered hierarchical structure,The first layer is responsible for harmonious adjustment or interaction between regenerative system and anti-lock braking system.The second layer is responsible for braking torque distribution and adjustment.The closed-loop simulation model is built.Control strategy and method for coordination between regenerative and anti-lock braking are developed.Simulation braking on low adhesion-coefficient roads with fuzzy logic control and real vehicle braking field test are presented.The results from simulating analysis and experiment show braking performance of the vehicle is perfect,harmonious coordination between regenerative and anti-lock braking function,significant amount of braking energy can be recovered and the proposed control strategy and method are effective.
文摘AIM: To investigate the diagnosis, pathogenesis, natural history, and management of nodular regenerative hyperplasia(NRH) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the medical literature regarding NRH in patients with HIV. Inclusion criteria include reports with biopsy proven NRH. We studied the clinical features of NRH, in particular, related to its presenting manifestation and laboratory values. Combinations of the following keywords were implemented: "nodular regenerative hyperplasia", "human immunodeficiency virus", "noncirrhotic portal hypertension", "idiopathic portal hypertension", "cryptogenic liver disease", "highly active antiretroviral therapy" and "didanosine". The bibliographies of these studies were subsequently searched for any additional relevant publications.RESULTS: The clinical presentation of patients with NRH varies from patients being completely asymptomatic to the development of portal hypertension – namely esophageal variceal bleeding and ascites. Liver associated enzymes are generally normal and synthetic function well preserved. There is a strong association between the occurrence of NRH and the use of antiviral therapies such as didanosine. The management of NRH revolves around treating the manifestations of portal hypertension. The prognosis of NRH is generally good since liver function is preserved. A high index of suspicion is required to make a identify NRH. CONCLUSION: The appropriate management of HIVinfected persons with suspected NRH is yet to be outlined. However, NRH is a clinically subtle condition that is difficult to diagnose, and it is important to be able to manage it according to the best available evidence.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Project Nos.91860136 and 51801231)the Key R&D Plan of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2018B090905001)the Key Science and Technology project of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2018zdzx01-04-01).
文摘The new regenerative cooling thermal protection system exhibits the multifunctional characteristics of load-carrying and heat exchange cooling,which are fundamental for the lightweight design and thermal protection of hypersonic vehicles.Triply periodic minimal surface(TPMS)is especially suitable for the structural design of the internal cavity of regenerative cooling structures owing to its excellent structural characteristics.In this study,test pieces were manufactured using Ti6Al4V lightweight material.We designed three types of porous test pieces,and the interior was filled with a TPMS lattice(Gyroid,Primitive,I-WP)with a porosity of 30%.All porous test pieces were manufactured via selective laser melting technology.A combination of experiments and finite element simulations were performed to study the selection of the internal cavity structure of the regenerative cooling thermal protection system.Hence,the relationship between the geometry and mechanical properties of a unit cell is established,and the deformation mechanism of the porous unit cell is clarified.Among the three types of porous test pieces,the weight of the test piece filled with the Gyroid unit cell was reduced by 8.21%,the average tensile strength was reduced by 17.7%compared to the solid test piece,while the average tensile strength of the Primitive and I-WP porous test pieces were decreased by 30.5%and 33.3%,respectively.Compared with the other two types of unit cells,Gyroid exhibited better mechanical conductivity characteristics.Its deformation process was characterised by stretching,shearing,and twisting,while the Primitive and I-WP unit cells underwent tensile deformation and tensile and shear deformation,respectively.The finite element predictions in the study agree well with the experimental results.The results can provide a basis for the design of regenerative cooling thermal protection system.
基金Project(60904090) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A high-precision pseudo-noise ranging system is often required in satellite-formation missions. But in an actual PN ranging system, digital signal processing limits the ranging accuracy, only level up with meter-scale. Using non-integer chip to sample time ratio, noncommensurate sampling was seen as an effective solution to cope with the drawback of digital effects. However, researchers only paid attention to selecting specific ratios or giving a simulation model to verify the effectiveness of the noncommensurate ratios. A qualitative analysis model is proposed to characterize the relationship between the range accuracy and the noncommensurate sampling parameters. Moreover, a method is also presented which can be used to choose the noncommensurate ratio and the correlation length to get higher phase delay distinguishability and lower range jitter. The simulation results indicate the correctness of our analyses and the optimal ranging accuracy can be up to centimeter-level with the proposed approach.
基金the Heinrich and Alma Vogelsang Foundation for financial support in the form of a graduation scholarship
文摘Vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF）in neurodevelopment and regeneration：VEGF is a well-known factor that promotes vascularization and angiogenesis.Besides this it participates in the pathogenesis of several diseases,such as colorectal carcinoma,lung cancer or diabetic retinopathy.Within the last decade,VEGF has been successfully integrated into the treatment of such diseases,for example as a therapy for colorectal cancer with the VEGF-receptor （VEGFR）-inhibitor axitinib.
基金supported by grants from the DFG (KR 3529/4-1 to ERK)the town of Hamburg (Lexi to ERK)
文摘Parkinson＇s disease（PD）is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer＇s disease.The etiology of PD is still not completely understood,but the degeneration of dopaminergic（DA）neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta（SNpc）,loss of DA innervation of the striatum,and protein aggregates in the form of Lewy bodies and neurites are its established hallmarks. In addition to α-synuclein accumu- lation in Lewy bodies and neurites, genetic mutations in the genes encoding parkin, PINK, DJ-1, LRRK2 and other proteins are associated with the inherited form of PD. An association study linked also the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret to PD （Meka et al., 2015）. Currently there are only symptomatic treatments available for PD but no cure. Consequently much effort is being made to find neurotrophic and other factors able to stimulate SNpc DA neuron protection and regeneration.
基金funded by Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(Grant No.22JR5RA318).
文摘In order to fully utilize the regenerative braking energy of metro trains and stabilize the metro DC traction busbar voltage,a hybrid regenerative braking energy recovery system with a dual-mode power management strategy is proposed.Firstly,the construction of the hybrid regenerative braking energy recovery system is explained.Then,based on the power demand of low-voltage load in metro stations,a dual-mode power management strategy is proposed to allocate the reference power of each system according to the different working conditions,and the control methods of each system are set.Finally,the correctness and effectiveness of the dual-mode strategy are verified through simulation,and the proposed braking energy utilization scheme is compared with other singleform utilization schemes.The results illustrate that the hybrid system with the dual-mode strategy can effectively recycle the regenerative braking energy of metro train and inhibit the busbar voltage fluctuation;the proposed braking energy utilization scheme has certain advantages on energy recovery and DC bus voltage stabilization compared with other single-form schemes;the proposed power management strategy can correctly allocate the reference power of each system with a lower construction cost.
文摘AIM： To design a classification tool for the histological assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, dysplastic nodules （DN）, and macroregenerative nodules （MRN） in cirrhotic liver. METHODS： Two hundred and twelve hepatocellular nodules （106 HCC; 74 IRN, 32 DN） were assessed systematically, quantitatively, and semiquantitatively as appropriate for 10 histological features that have been described as helpful in distinguishing small HCC, DN, and MRN in cirrhotic livers. The data were analyzed by multiple correspondence analysis （MCA）. RESULTS： HCA distributed HCC, DN, and HRN as defined by traditional histological evaluation as well as the individual histological variables, in a ＂malignancy scale＂. Based on the MCA data representation, we created a classification tool, which categorizes an individual nodular lesion as MRN, DN, or HCC based on the balance of all histological features （i.e., vascular invasion, capsular invasion, tumor necrosis, tumor heterogeneity, reticulin loss, capillarization of sinusoids, trabecular thickness, nuclear atypia, and mitotic activity）. The classification tool classified most （83%） of a validation set of 47 nodules in the same way as the routine histological assessment. No discrepandes were present for DN and MRN between the routine histological assignment and the dassification tool. Of 25 HCC assigned by routine assessment in the validation set, 8 were assigned to the DN category by the classification tool. CONCLUSION： We have designed a classification tool for the histological assessment of HCC and its putative precursors in cirrhotic liver. Application of this toolsystematically records histological features of diagnostic importance in the evaluation of small HCC.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52167013)the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(24JRRA225)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(23JRRA891).
文摘In the context of the“dual carbon”goals,to address issues such as high energy consumption,high costs,and low power quality in the rapid development of electrified railways,this study focused on the China Railways High-Speed 5 Electric Multiple Unit and proposed a mathematical model and capacity optimization method for an onboard energy storage system using lithium batteries and supercapacitors as storage media.Firstly,considering the electrical characteristics,weight,and volume of the storage media,a mathematical model of the energy storage system was established.Secondly,to tackle problems related to energy consumption and power quality,an energy management strategy was proposed that comprehensively considers peak shaving and valley filling and power quality by controlling the charge/discharge thresholds of the storage system.Thecapacity optimization adopted a bilevel programming model,with the series/parallel number of storage modules as variables,considering constraints imposed by the Direct Current to Direct Current converter,train load,and space.An improved Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm and linear programming solver were used to solve specific cases.The results show that the proposed onboard energy storage system can effectively achieve energy savings,reduce consumption,and improve power qualitywhile meeting the load and space limitations of the train.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51975341,51875326,and 51905319)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China (ZR2021QE180)+1 种基金the Young Technology Talent Supporting Project of Shandong Province (2021KJ083)SDUT&Zhangdian District Integration Development Project (2021JSCG0015).
文摘The active suspension has undoubtedly improved the performance of the vehicle,however,the trend of“lowcarbonization,intelligence,and informationization”in the automotive industry has put forward higher and more urgent requirements for the suspension system.The automotive industry and researchers favor active energy regeneration suspension technology with safety,comfort,and high energy regenerative efficiency.In this paper,we review the research progress of the structure form,optimization method,and control strategy of electromagnetic energy regenerative suspension.Specifically,comparing the pros and cons of the existing technology in solving the contradiction between dynamic performance and energy regeneration.In addition,the development trend of electromagnetic energy regenerative suspension in the field of structure form,optimization method,and control technology prospects.
文摘The networking of microgrids has received significant attention in the form of a smart grid.In this paper,a set of smart railway stations,which is assumed as microgrids,is connected together.It has been tried to manage the energy exchanged between the networked microgrids to reduce received energy from the utility grid.Also,the operational costs of stations under various conditions decrease by applying the proposed method.The smart railway stations are studied in the presence of photovoltaic(PV)units,energy storage systems(ESSs),and regenerative braking strategies.Studying regenerative braking is one of the essential contributions.Moreover,the stochastic behaviors of the ESS’s initial state of energy and the uncertainty of PV power generation are taken into account through a scenario-based method.The networked microgrid scheme of railway stations(based on coordinated operation and scheduling)and independent operation of railway stations are studied.The proposed method is applied to realistic case studies,including three stations of Line 3 of Tehran Urban and Suburban Railway Operation Company(TUSROC).The rolling stock is simulated in the MATLAB environment.Thus,the coordinated operation of networked microgrids and independent operation of railway stations are optimized in the GAMS environment utilizing mixed-integer linear programming(MILP).
文摘Regeneration in the central nervous system （CNS） is limited, and CNS damage often leads to cognitive impairment or permanent functional motor and sensory loss. Impaired regenerative capacity is multifactorial and includes inflammation, loss of the blood-brain barrier, and alteration in the extracellular matrix （ECM）. One of the main problems is the formation of a glial scar and the production of inhibitory ECM, such as proteoglycans, that generates a physical and mechanical barrier, impeding axonal regrowth （Figure 1A）.
文摘A combined system model is proposed including a molten carbonate fuel cell(MCFC),a graphene thermionic converter(GTIC)and thermally regenerative electrochemical cycles(TRECs).The expressions for power output,energy efficiency of the subsystems and the couple system are formulated by considering several irreversible losses.Energy conservation equations between the subsystems are achieved leaned on the first law of thermodynamics.The optimum operating ranges for the combined system are determined compared with the MCFC system.Results reveal that the peak power output density(POD)and the corresponding energy efficiency are 28.22%and 10.76%higher than that of the single MCFC system,respectively.The effects of five designing parameters on the power density and energy efficiency of the MCFC/GTIC/TRECs model are also investigated and discussed.
