A symmetric plasmonie structure consisting of metal-insulator metal waveguide, groove studied, which supports double Fano resonances deriving from two different mechanisms and slot cavities is One of the Fano resonanc...A symmetric plasmonie structure consisting of metal-insulator metal waveguide, groove studied, which supports double Fano resonances deriving from two different mechanisms and slot cavities is One of the Fano resonances originates from the interference between the resonances of groove and slot cavities, and the other comes from the interference between slot cavities. The spectral line shapes and the peaks of the double Fano resonances can be modulated by changing the length of the slot cavities and the height of the groove. Furthermore, the wavelength of the resonance peak has a linear relationship with the length of the slot cavities. The proposed plasmonic nanosensor possesses a sensitivity of 800nm/RIU and a figure of merit of 3150, which may have important applications in switches, sensors, and nonlinear devices.展开更多
In the framework of effective mass approximation, we theoretically investigate the electronic structure of the Si δ-doped InAIN/GaN single quantum well by solving numerically the coupled equations Schrodinger-Poisson...In the framework of effective mass approximation, we theoretically investigate the electronic structure of the Si δ-doped InAIN/GaN single quantum well by solving numerically the coupled equations Schrodinger-Poisson self-consistently. The linear, nonlinear optical absorption coefficients and relative refractive index changes are calculated as functions of the doping concentration and its thickness. The obtained results show that the position and the amplitude of the linear and total optical absorption coefficients and the refractive index changes can be modified by varying the doping concentration and its thickness. In addition, it is found that the maximum of the optical absorption can be red-shifted or blue-shifted by varying the doping concentration. The obtained results are important for the design of various electronic components such as high-power FETs and infrared photonic devices.展开更多
AIM： To analyze the clinical factors influencing the human vision corrections via the changing of ocular components of human eye in various applications; and to analyze refractive state via a new effective axial leng...AIM： To analyze the clinical factors influencing the human vision corrections via the changing of ocular components of human eye in various applications; and to analyze refractive state via a new effective axial length.METHODS： An effective eye model was introduced by the ocular components of human eye including refractive indexes, surface radius（r1, r2, R1, R2） and thickness（t, T） of the cornea and lens, the anterior chamber depth（S1） and the vitreous length（S2）. Gaussian optics was used to calculate the change rate of refractive error per unit amount of ocular components of a human eye（the rate function M）. A new criterion of myopia was presented via an effective axial length.RESULTS： For typical corneal and lens power of 42 and 21.9 diopters, the rate function Mj（j=1 to 6） were calculated for a 1% change of r1, r2, R1, R2, t, T（in diopters） M1=＋0.485, M2=-0.063, M3=＋0.053, M4=＋0.091, M5=＋0.012, and M6=-0.021 diopters. For 1.0 mm increase of S1 and S2, the rate functions were M7=＋1.35, and M8=-2.67 diopter/mm, respectively. These rate functions were used to analyze the clinical outcomes in various applications including laser in situ keratomileusis surgery, corneal cross linking procedure, femtosecond laser surgery and scleral ablation for accommodation.CONCLUSION： Using Gaussian optics, analytic formulas are presented for the change of refractive power due to various ocular parameter changes. These formulas provide useful clinical guidance in refractive surgery and other related procedures.展开更多
The optical static refractive index,a critical intrinsic property of materials,plays a vital role in advanced optoelectronic applications.Accurate prediction of this index is essential for the efficient design and opt...The optical static refractive index,a critical intrinsic property of materials,plays a vital role in advanced optoelectronic applications.Accurate prediction of this index is essential for the efficient design and optimization of materials with tailored optical properties.Here,we present a robust predictive model that accurately forecasts the optical static refractive indices of complex oxides across diverse crystal structures and compositions.By leveraging chemical bond theory,our model elucidates the influence of intrinsic physical properties,including chemical bonds and d-electron bands,on the refractive index.Through rigorous analysis of 41 complex oxide systems and 5 doped systems,we demonstrate that our predictions align closely with experimental data,showcasing the model’s high accuracy and broad applicability.This work not only accelerates the development of novel materials and spectral design but also provides profound physical insights for optimizing and customizing optical properties.展开更多
Light manipulation and control are essential in various contemporary technologies,and as these technologies evolve,the demand for miniaturized optical components increases.Planar-lens technologies,such as metasurfaces...Light manipulation and control are essential in various contemporary technologies,and as these technologies evolve,the demand for miniaturized optical components increases.Planar-lens technologies,such as metasurfaces and difractive optical elements,have gained attention in recent years for their potential to dramatically reduce the thickness of traditional refractive optical systems.However,their fabrication,particularly for visible wavelengths,involves complex and costly processes,such as high-resolution lithography and dry-etching,which has limited their availability.In this study,we present a simplifed method forfabricating visible Fresnel zone plate(FZP)planar lenses,a type of diffractive optical element,using an i-line stepper and a special photoresist(color resist)that only necessitates coating,exposure,and development,eliminating the need for etching or other post-processing steps.We fabricated visible FZp lens patterns using conventional photolithography equipment on 8-inch silica glass wafers,and demonstrated focusing of 550 nm light to a diameter of 1.1μm with a focusing efficiency of 7.2%.Numerical simulations showed excellent agreement with experimental results,confirming the high precision and designability of our method.Our lenses were also able to image objects with features down to 1.1μm,showcasing their potential for practical applications in imaging.Our method is a cost-effective,simple,and scalable solution for mass production of planar lenses and other optical components operating in the visible region.It enables the development of advanced,miniaturized optical systems to meet modern technology demand,making it a valuable contribution to optical component manufacturing.展开更多
Experimental techniques for measurement of optical penetration depth and refractive index of human tissue are presented, respectively. Optical penetration depth can be obtained from the measurement of the relative flu...Experimental techniques for measurement of optical penetration depth and refractive index of human tissue are presented, respectively. Optical penetration depth can be obtained from the measurement of the relative fluencc-depth distribution inside the target tissue. The depth of normal and carcinomatous human lung tissues irradiated with the wavelengths of 406.7, 632.8 and 674.4 nm in vitro are respectively determined. In addition, a novel simple method based on total internal reflection for measuring the refractive index of biotissue in vivo is developed, and the refractive indices of skin from people of different age, sex and skin color are measured. Their refractive indices are almost same and the average is 1.533.展开更多
Accurate measurement of gas-liquid phase fraction is essential for the proper modelling of the pressure drop, heat transfer coefficient, mass transfer rate and interfacial area in two-phase flows. In this paper, takin...Accurate measurement of gas-liquid phase fraction is essential for the proper modelling of the pressure drop, heat transfer coefficient, mass transfer rate and interfacial area in two-phase flows. In this paper, taking the issue of optical distortion into account, an analytical model was proposed to estimate and correct the liquid holdup in gas-liquid annular flow through a circular pipe using high-speed camera method. The error in the liquid holdup measurement generated from different refractive indices among transparent circular pipe, liquid film and air core was firstly theoretically analyzed based on the geometric optics. Experimental tests were then carried out to identify the difference as well as to validate the proposed model. Results indicated that the prediction of the liquid holdup has a good performance with the experimental data(i.e., mean relative error is 4.1%) and the measured liquid holdup is larger than the real one. It was found that the measured liquid holdup is larger than the real one. Generally, when the real liquid holdup gets smaller, the discrepancy between the measured liquid holdup by image and the real liquid holdup becomes more significant. Thus, after measuring the liquid holdup from the images, the value of the measured liquid holdup must be corrected by the present model in order to obtain the real liquid holdup.展开更多
Miniature optical fiber sensors with thin films as sensitive elements could open new fields for optical fiber sensor applications. Thin films work as sensitive elements and a transducer to get response and feedback fr...Miniature optical fiber sensors with thin films as sensitive elements could open new fields for optical fiber sensor applications. Thin films work as sensitive elements and a transducer to get response and feedback from environments, in which optical fibers act as a signal carrier. A novel Ag coated intensity modulated optical fiber sensor based on refractive index changes using IR and UV-Vis （UV-visible） light sources is proposed. The sensor with an IR light source has higher sensitivity compared to a UV-Vis source. When the refractive index is en- hanced to 1.38, the normalized intensity of IR and UV-Vis light diminishes to 0.2 and 0.8. respectively.展开更多
Birefringence is critical in dual-polarization fiber-laser-based fiber-optic sensing systems, as it directly determines the beat frequency between the two polarizations. A study of pump induced birefringence in dualpo...Birefringence is critical in dual-polarization fiber-laser-based fiber-optic sensing systems, as it directly determines the beat frequency between the two polarizations. A study of pump induced birefringence in dualpolarization fiber lasers is presented here, which shows that the pump induced birefringence is a result of the interplay among pump induced refractive index change, laser dynamics, and anisotropy inside fiber lasers.For erbium-doped fiber lasers, pumping at 1480 nm is better than pumping at 980 nm in lower pump induced birefringence. Moreover, injection at 532 nm for an adequately long enough time can permanently reduce anisotropy and, hence, reduce pump induced birefringence.展开更多
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China under Grant No 2016YFA0301300the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11374041 and 11574035the State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications
文摘A symmetric plasmonie structure consisting of metal-insulator metal waveguide, groove studied, which supports double Fano resonances deriving from two different mechanisms and slot cavities is One of the Fano resonances originates from the interference between the resonances of groove and slot cavities, and the other comes from the interference between slot cavities. The spectral line shapes and the peaks of the double Fano resonances can be modulated by changing the length of the slot cavities and the height of the groove. Furthermore, the wavelength of the resonance peak has a linear relationship with the length of the slot cavities. The proposed plasmonic nanosensor possesses a sensitivity of 800nm/RIU and a figure of merit of 3150, which may have important applications in switches, sensors, and nonlinear devices.
基金Supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research of University of Dammam under Grant No 2015134
文摘In the framework of effective mass approximation, we theoretically investigate the electronic structure of the Si δ-doped InAIN/GaN single quantum well by solving numerically the coupled equations Schrodinger-Poisson self-consistently. The linear, nonlinear optical absorption coefficients and relative refractive index changes are calculated as functions of the doping concentration and its thickness. The obtained results show that the position and the amplitude of the linear and total optical absorption coefficients and the refractive index changes can be modified by varying the doping concentration and its thickness. In addition, it is found that the maximum of the optical absorption can be red-shifted or blue-shifted by varying the doping concentration. The obtained results are important for the design of various electronic components such as high-power FETs and infrared photonic devices.
基金Supported by an Internal Research of New Vision Inc.,Taipei,Taiwan
文摘AIM： To analyze the clinical factors influencing the human vision corrections via the changing of ocular components of human eye in various applications; and to analyze refractive state via a new effective axial length.METHODS： An effective eye model was introduced by the ocular components of human eye including refractive indexes, surface radius（r1, r2, R1, R2） and thickness（t, T） of the cornea and lens, the anterior chamber depth（S1） and the vitreous length（S2）. Gaussian optics was used to calculate the change rate of refractive error per unit amount of ocular components of a human eye（the rate function M）. A new criterion of myopia was presented via an effective axial length.RESULTS： For typical corneal and lens power of 42 and 21.9 diopters, the rate function Mj（j=1 to 6） were calculated for a 1% change of r1, r2, R1, R2, t, T（in diopters） M1=＋0.485, M2=-0.063, M3=＋0.053, M4=＋0.091, M5=＋0.012, and M6=-0.021 diopters. For 1.0 mm increase of S1 and S2, the rate functions were M7=＋1.35, and M8=-2.67 diopter/mm, respectively. These rate functions were used to analyze the clinical outcomes in various applications including laser in situ keratomileusis surgery, corneal cross linking procedure, femtosecond laser surgery and scleral ablation for accommodation.CONCLUSION： Using Gaussian optics, analytic formulas are presented for the change of refractive power due to various ocular parameter changes. These formulas provide useful clinical guidance in refractive surgery and other related procedures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U23A20565,52301194,52101178)Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.2023ZKZD15)+1 种基金the Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.22511100400)the startup funding fromShanghai Jiao Tong University(WH220405009).
文摘The optical static refractive index,a critical intrinsic property of materials,plays a vital role in advanced optoelectronic applications.Accurate prediction of this index is essential for the efficient design and optimization of materials with tailored optical properties.Here,we present a robust predictive model that accurately forecasts the optical static refractive indices of complex oxides across diverse crystal structures and compositions.By leveraging chemical bond theory,our model elucidates the influence of intrinsic physical properties,including chemical bonds and d-electron bands,on the refractive index.Through rigorous analysis of 41 complex oxide systems and 5 doped systems,we demonstrate that our predictions align closely with experimental data,showcasing the model’s high accuracy and broad applicability.This work not only accelerates the development of novel materials and spectral design but also provides profound physical insights for optimizing and customizing optical properties.
文摘Light manipulation and control are essential in various contemporary technologies,and as these technologies evolve,the demand for miniaturized optical components increases.Planar-lens technologies,such as metasurfaces and difractive optical elements,have gained attention in recent years for their potential to dramatically reduce the thickness of traditional refractive optical systems.However,their fabrication,particularly for visible wavelengths,involves complex and costly processes,such as high-resolution lithography and dry-etching,which has limited their availability.In this study,we present a simplifed method forfabricating visible Fresnel zone plate(FZP)planar lenses,a type of diffractive optical element,using an i-line stepper and a special photoresist(color resist)that only necessitates coating,exposure,and development,eliminating the need for etching or other post-processing steps.We fabricated visible FZp lens patterns using conventional photolithography equipment on 8-inch silica glass wafers,and demonstrated focusing of 550 nm light to a diameter of 1.1μm with a focusing efficiency of 7.2%.Numerical simulations showed excellent agreement with experimental results,confirming the high precision and designability of our method.Our lenses were also able to image objects with features down to 1.1μm,showcasing their potential for practical applications in imaging.Our method is a cost-effective,simple,and scalable solution for mass production of planar lenses and other optical components operating in the visible region.It enables the development of advanced,miniaturized optical systems to meet modern technology demand,making it a valuable contribution to optical component manufacturing.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.60178022the Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.2002F008.
文摘Experimental techniques for measurement of optical penetration depth and refractive index of human tissue are presented, respectively. Optical penetration depth can be obtained from the measurement of the relative fluencc-depth distribution inside the target tissue. The depth of normal and carcinomatous human lung tissues irradiated with the wavelengths of 406.7, 632.8 and 674.4 nm in vitro are respectively determined. In addition, a novel simple method based on total internal reflection for measuring the refractive index of biotissue in vivo is developed, and the refractive indices of skin from people of different age, sex and skin color are measured. Their refractive indices are almost same and the average is 1.533.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51276140)
文摘Accurate measurement of gas-liquid phase fraction is essential for the proper modelling of the pressure drop, heat transfer coefficient, mass transfer rate and interfacial area in two-phase flows. In this paper, taking the issue of optical distortion into account, an analytical model was proposed to estimate and correct the liquid holdup in gas-liquid annular flow through a circular pipe using high-speed camera method. The error in the liquid holdup measurement generated from different refractive indices among transparent circular pipe, liquid film and air core was firstly theoretically analyzed based on the geometric optics. Experimental tests were then carried out to identify the difference as well as to validate the proposed model. Results indicated that the prediction of the liquid holdup has a good performance with the experimental data(i.e., mean relative error is 4.1%) and the measured liquid holdup is larger than the real one. It was found that the measured liquid holdup is larger than the real one. Generally, when the real liquid holdup gets smaller, the discrepancy between the measured liquid holdup by image and the real liquid holdup becomes more significant. Thus, after measuring the liquid holdup from the images, the value of the measured liquid holdup must be corrected by the present model in order to obtain the real liquid holdup.
基金supported by the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,AMTEC(No.R.J130000.7609.4C112)the Frontier Material Research Alliance
文摘Miniature optical fiber sensors with thin films as sensitive elements could open new fields for optical fiber sensor applications. Thin films work as sensitive elements and a transducer to get response and feedback from environments, in which optical fibers act as a signal carrier. A novel Ag coated intensity modulated optical fiber sensor based on refractive index changes using IR and UV-Vis （UV-visible） light sources is proposed. The sensor with an IR light source has higher sensitivity compared to a UV-Vis source. When the refractive index is en- hanced to 1.38, the normalized intensity of IR and UV-Vis light diminishes to 0.2 and 0.8. respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11474133,61235005,and 61675091)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(No.2014A030310419)
文摘Birefringence is critical in dual-polarization fiber-laser-based fiber-optic sensing systems, as it directly determines the beat frequency between the two polarizations. A study of pump induced birefringence in dualpolarization fiber lasers is presented here, which shows that the pump induced birefringence is a result of the interplay among pump induced refractive index change, laser dynamics, and anisotropy inside fiber lasers.For erbium-doped fiber lasers, pumping at 1480 nm is better than pumping at 980 nm in lower pump induced birefringence. Moreover, injection at 532 nm for an adequately long enough time can permanently reduce anisotropy and, hence, reduce pump induced birefringence.
