The full aperture complex amplitude transmittance function of a multi-level diffraction lens with mask- alignment errors was derived based on scalar diffraction theory. The point spread function （PSF） was calculated...The full aperture complex amplitude transmittance function of a multi-level diffraction lens with mask- alignment errors was derived based on scalar diffraction theory. The point spread function （PSF） was calculated by the Kirchhoff diffraction integral. It is found that the radius of the Airy disk increases with the increase of the error in the direction of misalignment, and the image center shifts along the direction of misalignment. A fourlevel diffractive lens with a diameter of 80 mm was fabricated, and its PSF and diffraction efficiency of ＋1st order were calculated and measured. The distribution of PSF is consistent with the calculated results, and the tested diffraction efficiency is slightly smaller than the calculated value; the relative error is 5.71%.展开更多
Simulated star maps serve as convenient inputs for the test of a star sensor, whose standardability mostly depends on the centroid precision of the simulated star image, so it is necessary to accomplish systematic err...Simulated star maps serve as convenient inputs for the test of a star sensor, whose standardability mostly depends on the centroid precision of the simulated star image, so it is necessary to accomplish systematic error compensation for the simple Gaussian PSF（or SPSF, in which PSF denotes point spread function）. Firstly, the error mechanism of the SPSF is described, the reason of centroid deviations of the simulated star images based on SPSF lies in the unreasonable sampling positions（the centers of the covered pixels） of the Gaussian probability density function. Then in reference to the IPSF simulated star image spots regarded as ideal ones, and by means of normalization and numerical fitting, the pixel center offset function expressions are got, so the systematic centroid error compensation can be executed simply by substituting the pixel central position with the offset position in the SPSF. Finally, the centroid precision tests are conducted for the three big error cases of Gaussian radius r = 0.5, 0.6, 0.671 pixel, and the centroid accuracy with the compensated SPSF（when r = 0.5） is improved to 2.83 times that of the primitive SPSF, reaching a 0.008 pixel error, an equivalent level of the IPSF. Besides its simplicity, the compensated SPSF further increases both the shape similarity and the centroid precision of simulated star images, which helps to improve the image quality and the standardability of the outputs of an electronic star map simulator（ESS）.展开更多
针对传统的超分辨率复原算法边缘保持能力不足,存在振铃效应等问题,提出了基于修正点扩散函数的凸集投影超分辨率复原算法。首先,检测参考图像的边缘;然后,对传统的点扩散函数加一个权值因子进行修正,将点扩散函数分为0°、22.5...针对传统的超分辨率复原算法边缘保持能力不足,存在振铃效应等问题,提出了基于修正点扩散函数的凸集投影超分辨率复原算法。首先,检测参考图像的边缘;然后,对传统的点扩散函数加一个权值因子进行修正,将点扩散函数分为0°、22.5°、45°、67.5°、90°、112.5°、135°、157.5°8个方向,达到在边缘部分降低点扩散函数作用范围的效果;最后,利用改进的点扩散函数迭代修正参考帧,直到估计灰度值与实际灰度值的误差小到一定范围或达到设定的迭代次数,退出迭代,得到超分辨率复原图像。复原图像的质量采用峰值信噪比、均方误差和结构相似度进行评价。实验结果表明,两类测试图像的峰值信噪比提高范围为3.46~6.91 d B、均方误差降低范围为43.47~87.82、结构相似度提高范围为0.050 8~0.381 7。提高了超分辨率复原的边缘保持能力和复原图像的质量。展开更多
Background Optical Quality Analysis System II （OQAS, Visiometrics, Terrassa, Spain） that uses double-pass （DP） technique is the only commercially available device that allows objective measurement of ocular retina...Background Optical Quality Analysis System II （OQAS, Visiometrics, Terrassa, Spain） that uses double-pass （DP） technique is the only commercially available device that allows objective measurement of ocular retinal image quality. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of spectacle lenses on the ocular optical quality parameters and the validity of the optometer within OQAS. Methods Seventy eyes of healthy volunteers were enrolled. Optical quality measurements were performed using OQAS with an artificial pupil diameter of 4.0 mm. Three consecutive measurements were obtained from spectacle correction corresponding to subjective refraction and from the OQAS built-in optometer separately. The modulation transfer function cutoff frequency, the Strehl ratio, the width of the point spread function （PSF） at 10% of its maximal height （PSF10）, and the width of the PSF at 50% of its maximal height （PSF50） were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in any of the parameters between the spectacle correction and the optometer correction （all P 〉0.05, paired t-test）. A good agreement was found between both the methods and a good intraobserver repeatability in both the correction methods. Difference in best focus between two methods was the only parameter associated significantly with optical quality parameter differences. Best focus difference, built-in optometer correction with or without external cylindrical lens, and age were associated significantly with PSF10 difference. No linear correlation between refractive status and optical quality measurement difference was observed. A hyperopic bias （best focus difference of （0.50±0.44） D） and a relatively better optical quality using spectacle correction in high myopia group were found. Conclusions OQAS based on DP system is a clinically reliable instrument. In patients with high myopia, measurements using built-in optometer correction should be considered and interpreted with caution.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFB0500200)the Key Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.YA16K010)
文摘The full aperture complex amplitude transmittance function of a multi-level diffraction lens with mask- alignment errors was derived based on scalar diffraction theory. The point spread function （PSF） was calculated by the Kirchhoff diffraction integral. It is found that the radius of the Airy disk increases with the increase of the error in the direction of misalignment, and the image center shifts along the direction of misalignment. A fourlevel diffractive lens with a diameter of 80 mm was fabricated, and its PSF and diffraction efficiency of ＋1st order were calculated and measured. The distribution of PSF is consistent with the calculated results, and the tested diffraction efficiency is slightly smaller than the calculated value; the relative error is 5.71%.
文摘Simulated star maps serve as convenient inputs for the test of a star sensor, whose standardability mostly depends on the centroid precision of the simulated star image, so it is necessary to accomplish systematic error compensation for the simple Gaussian PSF（or SPSF, in which PSF denotes point spread function）. Firstly, the error mechanism of the SPSF is described, the reason of centroid deviations of the simulated star images based on SPSF lies in the unreasonable sampling positions（the centers of the covered pixels） of the Gaussian probability density function. Then in reference to the IPSF simulated star image spots regarded as ideal ones, and by means of normalization and numerical fitting, the pixel center offset function expressions are got, so the systematic centroid error compensation can be executed simply by substituting the pixel central position with the offset position in the SPSF. Finally, the centroid precision tests are conducted for the three big error cases of Gaussian radius r = 0.5, 0.6, 0.671 pixel, and the centroid accuracy with the compensated SPSF（when r = 0.5） is improved to 2.83 times that of the primitive SPSF, reaching a 0.008 pixel error, an equivalent level of the IPSF. Besides its simplicity, the compensated SPSF further increases both the shape similarity and the centroid precision of simulated star images, which helps to improve the image quality and the standardability of the outputs of an electronic star map simulator（ESS）.
文摘针对传统的超分辨率复原算法边缘保持能力不足,存在振铃效应等问题,提出了基于修正点扩散函数的凸集投影超分辨率复原算法。首先,检测参考图像的边缘;然后,对传统的点扩散函数加一个权值因子进行修正,将点扩散函数分为0°、22.5°、45°、67.5°、90°、112.5°、135°、157.5°8个方向,达到在边缘部分降低点扩散函数作用范围的效果;最后,利用改进的点扩散函数迭代修正参考帧,直到估计灰度值与实际灰度值的误差小到一定范围或达到设定的迭代次数,退出迭代,得到超分辨率复原图像。复原图像的质量采用峰值信噪比、均方误差和结构相似度进行评价。实验结果表明,两类测试图像的峰值信噪比提高范围为3.46~6.91 d B、均方误差降低范围为43.47~87.82、结构相似度提高范围为0.050 8~0.381 7。提高了超分辨率复原的边缘保持能力和复原图像的质量。
文摘Background Optical Quality Analysis System II （OQAS, Visiometrics, Terrassa, Spain） that uses double-pass （DP） technique is the only commercially available device that allows objective measurement of ocular retinal image quality. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of spectacle lenses on the ocular optical quality parameters and the validity of the optometer within OQAS. Methods Seventy eyes of healthy volunteers were enrolled. Optical quality measurements were performed using OQAS with an artificial pupil diameter of 4.0 mm. Three consecutive measurements were obtained from spectacle correction corresponding to subjective refraction and from the OQAS built-in optometer separately. The modulation transfer function cutoff frequency, the Strehl ratio, the width of the point spread function （PSF） at 10% of its maximal height （PSF10）, and the width of the PSF at 50% of its maximal height （PSF50） were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in any of the parameters between the spectacle correction and the optometer correction （all P 〉0.05, paired t-test）. A good agreement was found between both the methods and a good intraobserver repeatability in both the correction methods. Difference in best focus between two methods was the only parameter associated significantly with optical quality parameter differences. Best focus difference, built-in optometer correction with or without external cylindrical lens, and age were associated significantly with PSF10 difference. No linear correlation between refractive status and optical quality measurement difference was observed. A hyperopic bias （best focus difference of （0.50±0.44） D） and a relatively better optical quality using spectacle correction in high myopia group were found. Conclusions OQAS based on DP system is a clinically reliable instrument. In patients with high myopia, measurements using built-in optometer correction should be considered and interpreted with caution.
