In order to search for the high efficiency and low sheet resistance counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cell, we used Ti plate as the conducting substrate to prepare the counter electrode by thermal decompositio...In order to search for the high efficiency and low sheet resistance counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cell, we used Ti plate as the conducting substrate to prepare the counter electrode by thermal decomposition of H2PtCl6. Ti plate counter electrode shows low sheet resistance, good reflecting performance and matching kinetics. The dye-sensitized solar cell with the Ti plate counter electrode shows better photovoltaic performance than that of the cell with the fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass counter electrode.展开更多
One of the main problems with roads and highways in China is the reflection cracking caused by the cement stabilized subbase layers passing through the overlying asphaltic layers. The cracks permit the ingress of mois...One of the main problems with roads and highways in China is the reflection cracking caused by the cement stabilized subbase layers passing through the overlying asphaltic layers. The cracks permit the ingress of moisture which softens the layers below the subbase resulting in loss of support and accelerated breakdown of the subbase layer and reduction in the tiding quality. The aim of this paper is to present the use of South African pavement design approach of deep structure and thin surfacing to overcome the existing problems. The deep pavement structure provides good long-term support and avoids the influence of moisture ingress, which means that only surfacing damage needs to be repaired. An unbound crushed stone base layer which is an integral component of the pavement structure limits reflection cracking. The paper first deals with the South African pavement design procedure and contrast this with the Chinese pavement design method. The inherent weaknesses of these methods are discussed and flowing from this discussion proposals for adapting the South African approach to China is presented. The resultant proposals have a high likelihood of success and will counteract the influences of extreme climate and rampant overloading that occurs on the Chinese roads.展开更多
文摘In order to search for the high efficiency and low sheet resistance counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cell, we used Ti plate as the conducting substrate to prepare the counter electrode by thermal decomposition of H2PtCl6. Ti plate counter electrode shows low sheet resistance, good reflecting performance and matching kinetics. The dye-sensitized solar cell with the Ti plate counter electrode shows better photovoltaic performance than that of the cell with the fluorine-doped tin oxide-coated glass counter electrode.
文摘One of the main problems with roads and highways in China is the reflection cracking caused by the cement stabilized subbase layers passing through the overlying asphaltic layers. The cracks permit the ingress of moisture which softens the layers below the subbase resulting in loss of support and accelerated breakdown of the subbase layer and reduction in the tiding quality. The aim of this paper is to present the use of South African pavement design approach of deep structure and thin surfacing to overcome the existing problems. The deep pavement structure provides good long-term support and avoids the influence of moisture ingress, which means that only surfacing damage needs to be repaired. An unbound crushed stone base layer which is an integral component of the pavement structure limits reflection cracking. The paper first deals with the South African pavement design procedure and contrast this with the Chinese pavement design method. The inherent weaknesses of these methods are discussed and flowing from this discussion proposals for adapting the South African approach to China is presented. The resultant proposals have a high likelihood of success and will counteract the influences of extreme climate and rampant overloading that occurs on the Chinese roads.
