The Metal Stable Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory(MSIGL)at the University of Science and Technology of China has developed state-of-the-art analytical methods for twelve stable isotope systems,including Mg,Si,V,Fe,Cu,Z...The Metal Stable Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory(MSIGL)at the University of Science and Technology of China has developed state-of-the-art analytical methods for twelve stable isotope systems,including Mg,Si,V,Fe,Cu,Zn,Rb,Sr,Ag,Cd,Ba,and U.Geological and biological samples were first digested by acid dissolution or alkali dissolution.The target element was subsequently purified by the column chromatography method.A Neptune Plus MC-ICP-MS was used to measure isotope compositions and the isotope bias caused during measurements was calibrated by standard bracketing and/or the double spike method.The analytical procedure was carefully checked to ensure the high precision and accuracy of the data.Here,we summarized the protocol of these established methods and compiled the standard data measured at our lab as well as those reported in literature.This comprehensive dataset can serve as a reliable benchmark for calibration,method validation,and quality assurance in metal stable isotope analyses.展开更多
In this book new results on controller design techniques for the tracking of generic reference inputs are presented. They allow the design of a controller for an uncertain process, either continuous or discrete-time, ...In this book new results on controller design techniques for the tracking of generic reference inputs are presented. They allow the design of a controller for an uncertain process, either continuous or discrete-time, without zeros, and with measurable state. The controller guarantees that the control system is Type 1 and has the desired constant gain and poles or that the control system tracks, with a specified maximum error and with a specified maximum time constant, a generic reference with bounded derivative (variation in the discrete-time case), also in the presence of a generic disturbance with bounded derivative (variation). In addition, it is considered the case in which the reference is known a priori. The utility and the efficiency of the proposed methods are illustrated with attractive and significant examples of motion control and temperature control. This book is useful for the design of control systems, especially for manufacturing systems, that are versatile, fast, precise and robust.展开更多
The UK education has a long history and is internationally accepted for its qualifications and teaching standards. This essay firstly gives an introduction about the development of British education since the last cen...The UK education has a long history and is internationally accepted for its qualifications and teaching standards. This essay firstly gives an introduction about the development of British education since the last century, then discusses the basic structure of British education system and finally suggests some references for our education.展开更多
Selected from Acta Scientiac Circumstantiac,ISSN 0253～2468;Environmental Chemistry,ISSN 0254-6108;Acra Ecologia Sinica,ISSN 1000-0933(The address giben in a reference is that of the first named author)
The aim of this work is to illuminate how the architectural publication in Brazil is influenced by the location of its economic poles. Although the main specialized journals are nationwide read and the published proje...The aim of this work is to illuminate how the architectural publication in Brazil is influenced by the location of its economic poles. Although the main specialized journals are nationwide read and the published projects are frequently used as design references by students at architecture schools all over Brazil, it appears to be a favor for those projects located at the southeast region. In order to investigate this initial assumption, we selected two of the most influential architectural journals, A U and Project Design magazines, focusing on visitable projects that are, therefore, capable of offering an experience for learning about architectural project. The analysis covered three years of publications in which four states in Brazil were distinguished： Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Federal District. The collected data show that the published visitable projects coincide with the economic poles around centered cities in Brazil, as well as the location of architecture schools and specialized media, becomes evident; not only because of the greater number of projects in the Sao Paulo area, but mainly because most of the published projects are located in the capitals of the analyzed poles.展开更多
It has been found that for a fixed degree of fuzziness in the coarsened references of measurements,the quantum-toclassical transition can be observed independent of the macroscopicity of the quantum state.We explore a...It has been found that for a fixed degree of fuzziness in the coarsened references of measurements,the quantum-toclassical transition can be observed independent of the macroscopicity of the quantum state.We explore a general situation that the degree of fuzziness can change with the rotation angle between two states（different rotation angles represent different references）.The fuzziness of reference comes from two kinds of fuzziness：the Hamiltonian（rotation frequency）and the timing（rotation time）.For the fuzziness of the Hamiltonian alone,the degree of fuzziness for the reference will change with the rotation angle between two states,and the quantum effects can still be observed with any degree of fuzziness of Hamiltonian.For the fuzziness of timing,the degree of the coarsening reference is unchanged with the rotation angle.During the rotation of the measurement axis,the decoherence environment can also help the classical-to-quantum transition due to changing the direction of the measurement axis.展开更多
GB/T 7714-2005 Rules for description of bibliographic reference is specifically for writers and editors to edit bibliographic references. Legal documents, standard documents and patent documents are considered special...GB/T 7714-2005 Rules for description of bibliographic reference is specifically for writers and editors to edit bibliographic references. Legal documents, standard documents and patent documents are considered special. GB/T 7714-2005 provides that description of such literature in bibliographic references should stress the key points and simplify the content.展开更多
Neonatal mortality remains a public health problem in Mali. The neonatal referral is a systemic factor determining the neonatal prognosis. This work was initiated to determine the frequency of neonatal referrals and t...Neonatal mortality remains a public health problem in Mali. The neonatal referral is a systemic factor determining the neonatal prognosis. This work was initiated to determine the frequency of neonatal referrals and to determine their prognosis. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Patients and Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 1, 2019 to January 31, 2020 in the neonatology service of the pediatrics department of the Gabriel Toure University Hospital in Bamako. All newborns referred by another health structure in the country were included in this stud. All newborns referred by another health structure in the country were included in this study. To determine the risk factors related to the neonatal referral, we performed univariate and multivariate analyzes to determine the odds ratios and fitted with a significant p probability if p <</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.05 and the 95% confidence interval. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The frequency of referrals was 54.3%.</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Newborns came from basic structures in 19.3% of cases, from tertiary structures in 6.7%.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The main reason for transfer was prematurity (40.2%) followed by perinatal anoxia (15.3%), malformations (15.3%), respiratory distress (15.2%) and infection neonatal (9.1%). The ambulance was the primary means of transfer in 71.3%.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In 80% of cases the transfer had been made within the first 24 hours of life. On admission, a third of the newborns (31.1%) were less than 1500</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g, hypothermic in 43.8% and febrile in 15.1%.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The evolution was marked by 40.2% of deaths. The analysis of prognostic factors, allowed us to observe that the more the newborn is premature or of low weight the more risk of death was very high with respectively 18.5 times </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in the less than 28 week</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of amenorrhea (WA) (ORa = 18</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">5;CI = 1.9</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">180;</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p = 0.012) and 6.6 times in those less than 1000g (ORa = 6.6;CI = 1.4</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">29.7;p = 0.015). Likewise, any change in body temperature increased risk of death by 1.9 times compared to normothermia. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The establishment of a neonatal referral system is necessary to reduce neonatal mortality in our context.展开更多
Through studying changes in ENSO indices relative to change of climate reference from 1961~1990 to 1971~2000, the study generated new standards to define ENSO episodes and their intensities. Then according to the new ...Through studying changes in ENSO indices relative to change of climate reference from 1961~1990 to 1971~2000, the study generated new standards to define ENSO episodes and their intensities. Then according to the new climate references and new index standards, ENSO episodes and their intensities for the period 1951 -2003 have been classified. Finally, an analysis has been performed comparing the new characteristics with the old ones for ENSO period, peak values and intensities.展开更多
Dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) is grown as human and animal feed throughout the world. Large yield losses in pea due to biotic and abiotic stresses compel an improved understanding of mechanisms of stress tolerance and ge...Dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) is grown as human and animal feed throughout the world. Large yield losses in pea due to biotic and abiotic stresses compel an improved understanding of mechanisms of stress tolerance and genetic determinants conditioning these tolerances. The availability of stably expressed reference genes is a prerequisite for examining differential gene expression. The objective of this study was to examine the expression profile of several candidate reference genes across a broad range of commercial pea cultivars. Expression profiles of five candidate reference genes;18s rRNA, actin, TIF, β tubulin-2 and β tubulin-3 were examined. Relative quantifications of candidate reference genes were estimated from control plants, plants after 48 h of cold treatment, and plants 24 and 48 h after inoculation with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of white mold disease of pea. RT-qPCR was performed on cDNA synthesized from three food grade spring peas, Ariel, Aragorn, and Sterling, and two spring yellow peas, Delta and Universal, which are used as animal feed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of CT values demonstrated significant variation between varieties and treatments under cold and disease conditions. The most abundant transcripts among tested reference genes were for 18s rRNA. Stability analysis indicated that TIF and β tubulin-3 genes were the most stably expressed candidate genes under both cold and disease stress and could serve as reference genes across a wide range of pea cultivars.展开更多
In this paper,the problems of citation forms of English journal titles in references of animal science and veterinary medicine journals were described and analyzed. And the English names of animal science and veterina...In this paper,the problems of citation forms of English journal titles in references of animal science and veterinary medicine journals were described and analyzed. And the English names of animal science and veterinary medicine journals and corresponding abbreviations were listed for reference by authors.展开更多
The announcement of major sporting events scheduled to take place in Rio de Janeiro in the coming years is now producing several radical urban transformations that are attracting the attention of renowned architects o...The announcement of major sporting events scheduled to take place in Rio de Janeiro in the coming years is now producing several radical urban transformations that are attracting the attention of renowned architects of the international circuit. All this is happening in a city where relevant architectural references have not been produced for a long while because of the prolonged economic crisis of the past. Despite these conditions, people were able to detect “invisible” design lessons to be learned in this city by sharing perceptual experiences with foreign observers who are, by definition, unaware of their preconceptions. This paper deals with the development of a strategy for re-presenting design references that are locally rooted and accessible for direct embodied experience. The strategy put forward a MPI （metropolitan performance index） drawn out from a bibliographical survey coupled with analytical spatial diagrams of different case-studies presented as a tour guide for the recognition of the architecture produced in Rio de Janeiro. It is believed that this strategy can favor the adoption of an eye attuned to contemporary theories especially interested in the spatial and programmatic concerns that today instigate the designer.展开更多
Chinese and English are two very different languages; the former belongs to the Sino-Tibetan Language Family and the latter the Indo-European Language Family. In terms of textual organization, they show substantial di...Chinese and English are two very different languages; the former belongs to the Sino-Tibetan Language Family and the latter the Indo-European Language Family. In terms of textual organization, they show substantial differences. Chinese is mainly a pragmatic, paratactic and topic-prominent language, while English a grammatical, hypotactic and subject-prominent language. This thesis gives a contrastive study of two problems in English and Chinese. They are repeated references to the same thing and parallel structure. In this way, the translation work will be more succinct and smooth.展开更多
The use of directives in communicating the nature of the pandemic and reference to social experiences were promoted using images on social media platforms.The images or memes are used to create awareness and reinforce...The use of directives in communicating the nature of the pandemic and reference to social experiences were promoted using images on social media platforms.The images or memes are used to create awareness and reinforce the criteria for safety during the pandemic.Previous studies on internet memes have concentrated on humor generation,speaker-hearer shared knowledge,neologism,and multimodality among others,with insufficient attention paid to the use of directives and references in such coronavirus-motivated memes.This paper,therefore,examines how directives and references are employed in conveying expected social responsibilities through coronavirus-motivated internet memes in Nigeria and other socio-cultural contexts.For data,one hundred coronavirus-motivated memes were purposively selected from Facebook,and eight representative memes were subjected to pragmatic analysis using aspects of Jacob Mey’s(2001.Pragmatics:An introduction,2nd edn.USA:Blackwell Publishing)pragmatic acts theory to unearth insights from them.The paper observes that the various spheres of life that are relatable to an online audience help to express what the pandemic is about and enhance the meaning of the pandemic with the context of the use of the memes,giving clearer perspectives on the pandemic.Directives and references are useful tools for conveying social responsibilities to online audience.展开更多
One reference in the original manuscript contained incorrect bibliographic information and cited a non-existent publication:Traczyk A(1999)Pleistocene debris cover beds and block-debris tongues in the north-western pa...One reference in the original manuscript contained incorrect bibliographic information and cited a non-existent publication:Traczyk A(1999)Pleistocene debris cover beds and block-debris tongues in the north-western part of theŚlęża Massif(Poland)and their formation under permafrost conditions.Geographia Polonica 81(1).This erroneous reference has now been removed from the references list.展开更多
This paper is the first of two articles （Part I and Part II） that presents the results of the new atomic mass evaluation, AME2012. It includes complete information on the experimental input data （including not used...This paper is the first of two articles （Part I and Part II） that presents the results of the new atomic mass evaluation, AME2012. It includes complete information on the experimental input data （including not used and rejected ones）, as well as details on the evaluation procedures used to derive the tables with recommended values given in the second part. This article describes the evaluation philosophy and procedures that were implemented in the selection of specific nuclear reaction, decay and mass-spectrometer results. These input values were entered in the least-squares adjustment procedure for determining the best values for the atomic masses and their uncertainties. Calculation procedures and particularities of the AME are then described. All accepted and rejected data, including outweighed ones, are presented in a tabular format and compared with the adjusted values （obtained using the adjustment procedure）. Differences with the previous AME2003 evaluation are also discussed and specific information is presented for several cases that may be of interest to various AME users. The second AME2012 article, the last one in this issue, gives a table with recommended values of atomic masses, as well as tables and graphs of derived quantifies, along with the list of references used in both this AME2012 evaluation and the NUBASE2012 one （the first paper in this issue）.展开更多
This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GNSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EPB can disrupt GNSS signa...This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GNSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EPB can disrupt GNSS signals and degrade positioning accuracy.Managed by the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG),the Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS)network comprises over 300 GNSS receivers spanning equatorial to southern low-latitude regions.Ina-CORS is uniquely situated to monitor EPB generation,zonal drift,and dissipation across Southeast Asia.We provide a practical tool for EPB research,by sharing two-dimensional rate of Total Electron Content(TEC)change index(ROTI)derived from this network.We generate ROTI maps with a 10-minute resolution,and samples from May 2024 are publicly available for further scientific research.Two preliminary findings from the ROTI maps of Ina-CORS are noteworthy.First,the Ina-CORS ROTI maps reveal that the irregularities within a broader EPB structure persist longer,increasing the potential for these irregularities to migrate farther eastward.Second,we demonstrate that combined ROTI maps from Ina-CORS and GNSS receivers in East Asia and Australia can be used to monitor the development of ionospheric irregularities in Southeast and East Asia.We have demonstrated the combined ROTI maps to capture the development of ionospheric irregularities in the Southeast/East Asian sector during the G5 Geomagnetic Storm on May 11,2024.We observed simultaneous ionospheric irregularities in Japan and Australia,respectively propagating northwestward and southwestward,before midnight,whereas Southeast Asia’s equatorial and low-latitude regions exhibited irregularities post-midnight.By sharing ROTI maps from Indonesia and integrating them with regional GNSS networks,researchers can conduct comprehensive EPB studies,enhancing the understanding of EPB behavior across Southeast and East Asia and contributing significantly to ionospheric research.展开更多
The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is essentially a precise time measurement and time synchronization system for a large-scale space near the Earth. General relativity is the basic theoretical framework for ...The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is essentially a precise time measurement and time synchronization system for a large-scale space near the Earth. General relativity is the basic theoretical framework for the information processing in the master control station of BDS. Having introduced the basic conceptions of relativistic space-time reference systems, the space-time references of BDS are analyzed and the function and acquisition method of the Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) are briefly discussed. The basic space reference of BDS is BeiDou Coordinate System (BDCS), and the time standard is the BDS Time (BDT). BDCS and BDT are the realizations of the Geocentric Terrestrial Reference System (GTRS) and the Terrestrial Time (TT) for BDS, respectively. The station coordinates in the BDCS are consistent with those in International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF)2014 at the cm-level and the difference in scale is about 1.1 × 10^(−8) . The time deviation of BDT relative to International Atomic Time (TAI) is less than 50 ns and the frequency deviation is less than 2 × 10^(−14) . The Geocentric Celestial Reference System (GCRS) and the solar Barycentric Celestial Reference System (BCRS) are also involved in the operation of BDS. The observation models for time synchronization and precise orbit determination are established within the GCRS framework. The coordinate transformation between BDCS and GCRS is consistent with the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS). In the autonomous operation mode without the support of the ground master control station, Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) is obtained by means of long-term prediction and on-board observation. The observa-tion models for the on-board astrometry should be established within the BCRS framework.展开更多
This paper introduces a high-precision bandgap reference(BGR)designed for battery management systems(BMS),fea-turing an ultra-low temperature coefficient(TC)and line sensitivity(LS).The BGR employs a current-mode sche...This paper introduces a high-precision bandgap reference(BGR)designed for battery management systems(BMS),fea-turing an ultra-low temperature coefficient(TC)and line sensitivity(LS).The BGR employs a current-mode scheme with chopped op-amps and internal clock generators to eliminate op-amp offset.A low dropout regulator(LDO)and a pre-regula-tor enhance output driving and LS,respectively.Curvature compensation enhances the TC by addressing higher-order nonlinear-ity.These approaches,effective near room temperature,employs trimming at both 20 and 60°C.When combined with fixed cur-vature correction currents,it achieves an ultra-low TC for each chip.Implemented in a CMOS 180 nm process,the BGR occu-pies 0.548 mm²and operates at 2.5 V with 84μA current draw from a 5 V supply.An average TC of 2.69 ppm/℃ with two-point trimming and 0.81 ppm/℃ with multi-point trimming are achieved over the temperature range of-40 to 125℃.It accommo-dates a load current of 1 mA and an LS of 42 ppm/V,making it suitable for precise BMS applications.展开更多
基金the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.42273007 and 42473008)the Distinguished Young Scholars of Anhui,China(No.2408085J021)。
文摘The Metal Stable Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory(MSIGL)at the University of Science and Technology of China has developed state-of-the-art analytical methods for twelve stable isotope systems,including Mg,Si,V,Fe,Cu,Zn,Rb,Sr,Ag,Cd,Ba,and U.Geological and biological samples were first digested by acid dissolution or alkali dissolution.The target element was subsequently purified by the column chromatography method.A Neptune Plus MC-ICP-MS was used to measure isotope compositions and the isotope bias caused during measurements was calibrated by standard bracketing and/or the double spike method.The analytical procedure was carefully checked to ensure the high precision and accuracy of the data.Here,we summarized the protocol of these established methods and compiled the standard data measured at our lab as well as those reported in literature.This comprehensive dataset can serve as a reliable benchmark for calibration,method validation,and quality assurance in metal stable isotope analyses.
文摘In this book new results on controller design techniques for the tracking of generic reference inputs are presented. They allow the design of a controller for an uncertain process, either continuous or discrete-time, without zeros, and with measurable state. The controller guarantees that the control system is Type 1 and has the desired constant gain and poles or that the control system tracks, with a specified maximum error and with a specified maximum time constant, a generic reference with bounded derivative (variation in the discrete-time case), also in the presence of a generic disturbance with bounded derivative (variation). In addition, it is considered the case in which the reference is known a priori. The utility and the efficiency of the proposed methods are illustrated with attractive and significant examples of motion control and temperature control. This book is useful for the design of control systems, especially for manufacturing systems, that are versatile, fast, precise and robust.
文摘The UK education has a long history and is internationally accepted for its qualifications and teaching standards. This essay firstly gives an introduction about the development of British education since the last century, then discusses the basic structure of British education system and finally suggests some references for our education.
文摘Selected from Acta Scientiac Circumstantiac,ISSN 0253～2468;Environmental Chemistry,ISSN 0254-6108;Acra Ecologia Sinica,ISSN 1000-0933(The address giben in a reference is that of the first named author)
文摘The aim of this work is to illuminate how the architectural publication in Brazil is influenced by the location of its economic poles. Although the main specialized journals are nationwide read and the published projects are frequently used as design references by students at architecture schools all over Brazil, it appears to be a favor for those projects located at the southeast region. In order to investigate this initial assumption, we selected two of the most influential architectural journals, A U and Project Design magazines, focusing on visitable projects that are, therefore, capable of offering an experience for learning about architectural project. The analysis covered three years of publications in which four states in Brazil were distinguished： Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and Federal District. The collected data show that the published visitable projects coincide with the economic poles around centered cities in Brazil, as well as the location of architecture schools and specialized media, becomes evident; not only because of the greater number of projects in the Sao Paulo area, but mainly because most of the published projects are located in the capitals of the analyzed poles.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11375168)
文摘It has been found that for a fixed degree of fuzziness in the coarsened references of measurements,the quantum-toclassical transition can be observed independent of the macroscopicity of the quantum state.We explore a general situation that the degree of fuzziness can change with the rotation angle between two states（different rotation angles represent different references）.The fuzziness of reference comes from two kinds of fuzziness：the Hamiltonian（rotation frequency）and the timing（rotation time）.For the fuzziness of the Hamiltonian alone,the degree of fuzziness for the reference will change with the rotation angle between two states,and the quantum effects can still be observed with any degree of fuzziness of Hamiltonian.For the fuzziness of timing,the degree of the coarsening reference is unchanged with the rotation angle.During the rotation of the measurement axis,the decoherence environment can also help the classical-to-quantum transition due to changing the direction of the measurement axis.
文摘GB/T 7714-2005 Rules for description of bibliographic reference is specifically for writers and editors to edit bibliographic references. Legal documents, standard documents and patent documents are considered special. GB/T 7714-2005 provides that description of such literature in bibliographic references should stress the key points and simplify the content.
文摘Neonatal mortality remains a public health problem in Mali. The neonatal referral is a systemic factor determining the neonatal prognosis. This work was initiated to determine the frequency of neonatal referrals and to determine their prognosis. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Patients and Methods: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 1, 2019 to January 31, 2020 in the neonatology service of the pediatrics department of the Gabriel Toure University Hospital in Bamako. All newborns referred by another health structure in the country were included in this stud. All newborns referred by another health structure in the country were included in this study. To determine the risk factors related to the neonatal referral, we performed univariate and multivariate analyzes to determine the odds ratios and fitted with a significant p probability if p <</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">0.05 and the 95% confidence interval. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The frequency of referrals was 54.3%.</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Newborns came from basic structures in 19.3% of cases, from tertiary structures in 6.7%.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The main reason for transfer was prematurity (40.2%) followed by perinatal anoxia (15.3%), malformations (15.3%), respiratory distress (15.2%) and infection neonatal (9.1%). The ambulance was the primary means of transfer in 71.3%.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">In 80% of cases the transfer had been made within the first 24 hours of life. On admission, a third of the newborns (31.1%) were less than 1500</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g, hypothermic in 43.8% and febrile in 15.1%.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The evolution was marked by 40.2% of deaths. The analysis of prognostic factors, allowed us to observe that the more the newborn is premature or of low weight the more risk of death was very high with respectively 18.5 times </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in the less than 28 week</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> of amenorrhea (WA) (ORa = 18</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">5;CI = 1.9</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">180;</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p = 0.012) and 6.6 times in those less than 1000g (ORa = 6.6;CI = 1.4</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">29.7;p = 0.015). Likewise, any change in body temperature increased risk of death by 1.9 times compared to normothermia. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The establishment of a neonatal referral system is necessary to reduce neonatal mortality in our context.
基金Core project in the key research of the 9th five-year economic development plan of China - "Study on Prediction System for Short-term Climate in China"(96-908-06-1-2-2)
文摘Through studying changes in ENSO indices relative to change of climate reference from 1961~1990 to 1971~2000, the study generated new standards to define ENSO episodes and their intensities. Then according to the new climate references and new index standards, ENSO episodes and their intensities for the period 1951 -2003 have been classified. Finally, an analysis has been performed comparing the new characteristics with the old ones for ENSO period, peak values and intensities.
文摘Dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) is grown as human and animal feed throughout the world. Large yield losses in pea due to biotic and abiotic stresses compel an improved understanding of mechanisms of stress tolerance and genetic determinants conditioning these tolerances. The availability of stably expressed reference genes is a prerequisite for examining differential gene expression. The objective of this study was to examine the expression profile of several candidate reference genes across a broad range of commercial pea cultivars. Expression profiles of five candidate reference genes;18s rRNA, actin, TIF, β tubulin-2 and β tubulin-3 were examined. Relative quantifications of candidate reference genes were estimated from control plants, plants after 48 h of cold treatment, and plants 24 and 48 h after inoculation with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of white mold disease of pea. RT-qPCR was performed on cDNA synthesized from three food grade spring peas, Ariel, Aragorn, and Sterling, and two spring yellow peas, Delta and Universal, which are used as animal feed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of CT values demonstrated significant variation between varieties and treatments under cold and disease conditions. The most abundant transcripts among tested reference genes were for 18s rRNA. Stability analysis indicated that TIF and β tubulin-3 genes were the most stably expressed candidate genes under both cold and disease stress and could serve as reference genes across a wide range of pea cultivars.
基金Supported by CAST Promotion Project for Elite Journals
文摘In this paper,the problems of citation forms of English journal titles in references of animal science and veterinary medicine journals were described and analyzed. And the English names of animal science and veterinary medicine journals and corresponding abbreviations were listed for reference by authors.
文摘The announcement of major sporting events scheduled to take place in Rio de Janeiro in the coming years is now producing several radical urban transformations that are attracting the attention of renowned architects of the international circuit. All this is happening in a city where relevant architectural references have not been produced for a long while because of the prolonged economic crisis of the past. Despite these conditions, people were able to detect “invisible” design lessons to be learned in this city by sharing perceptual experiences with foreign observers who are, by definition, unaware of their preconceptions. This paper deals with the development of a strategy for re-presenting design references that are locally rooted and accessible for direct embodied experience. The strategy put forward a MPI （metropolitan performance index） drawn out from a bibliographical survey coupled with analytical spatial diagrams of different case-studies presented as a tour guide for the recognition of the architecture produced in Rio de Janeiro. It is believed that this strategy can favor the adoption of an eye attuned to contemporary theories especially interested in the spatial and programmatic concerns that today instigate the designer.
文摘Chinese and English are two very different languages; the former belongs to the Sino-Tibetan Language Family and the latter the Indo-European Language Family. In terms of textual organization, they show substantial differences. Chinese is mainly a pragmatic, paratactic and topic-prominent language, while English a grammatical, hypotactic and subject-prominent language. This thesis gives a contrastive study of two problems in English and Chinese. They are repeated references to the same thing and parallel structure. In this way, the translation work will be more succinct and smooth.
文摘The use of directives in communicating the nature of the pandemic and reference to social experiences were promoted using images on social media platforms.The images or memes are used to create awareness and reinforce the criteria for safety during the pandemic.Previous studies on internet memes have concentrated on humor generation,speaker-hearer shared knowledge,neologism,and multimodality among others,with insufficient attention paid to the use of directives and references in such coronavirus-motivated memes.This paper,therefore,examines how directives and references are employed in conveying expected social responsibilities through coronavirus-motivated internet memes in Nigeria and other socio-cultural contexts.For data,one hundred coronavirus-motivated memes were purposively selected from Facebook,and eight representative memes were subjected to pragmatic analysis using aspects of Jacob Mey’s(2001.Pragmatics:An introduction,2nd edn.USA:Blackwell Publishing)pragmatic acts theory to unearth insights from them.The paper observes that the various spheres of life that are relatable to an online audience help to express what the pandemic is about and enhance the meaning of the pandemic with the context of the use of the memes,giving clearer perspectives on the pandemic.Directives and references are useful tools for conveying social responsibilities to online audience.
文摘One reference in the original manuscript contained incorrect bibliographic information and cited a non-existent publication:Traczyk A(1999)Pleistocene debris cover beds and block-debris tongues in the north-western part of theŚlęża Massif(Poland)and their formation under permafrost conditions.Geographia Polonica 81(1).This erroneous reference has now been removed from the references list.
文摘This paper is the first of two articles （Part I and Part II） that presents the results of the new atomic mass evaluation, AME2012. It includes complete information on the experimental input data （including not used and rejected ones）, as well as details on the evaluation procedures used to derive the tables with recommended values given in the second part. This article describes the evaluation philosophy and procedures that were implemented in the selection of specific nuclear reaction, decay and mass-spectrometer results. These input values were entered in the least-squares adjustment procedure for determining the best values for the atomic masses and their uncertainties. Calculation procedures and particularities of the AME are then described. All accepted and rejected data, including outweighed ones, are presented in a tabular format and compared with the adjusted values （obtained using the adjustment procedure）. Differences with the previous AME2003 evaluation are also discussed and specific information is presented for several cases that may be of interest to various AME users. The second AME2012 article, the last one in this issue, gives a table with recommended values of atomic masses, as well as tables and graphs of derived quantifies, along with the list of references used in both this AME2012 evaluation and the NUBASE2012 one （the first paper in this issue）.
基金JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number16H06286 supports global GNSS ionospheric maps (TEC,ROTI,and detrended TEC maps) developed by the Institute for SpaceEarth Environmental Research (ISEE) of Nagoya Universitysupport of the 2024 JASSO Follow-up Research Fellowship Program for a 90-day visiting research at the Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research (ISEE),Nagoya University+3 种基金the support received from Telkom University under the“Skema Penelitian Terapan Periode I Tahun Anggaran 2024”the Memorandum of Understanding for Research Collaboration on Regional Ionospheric Observation (No:092/SAM3/TE-DEK/2021)the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) International Exchange Program 2024-2025(No.2024-007)support for a one-year visiting research at Hokkaido University
文摘This paper highlights the crucial role of Indonesia’s GNSS receiver network in advancing Equatorial Plasma Bubble(EPB)studies in Southeast and East Asia,as ionospheric irregularities within EPB can disrupt GNSS signals and degrade positioning accuracy.Managed by the Indonesian Geospatial Information Agency(BIG),the Indonesia Continuously Operating Reference Station(Ina-CORS)network comprises over 300 GNSS receivers spanning equatorial to southern low-latitude regions.Ina-CORS is uniquely situated to monitor EPB generation,zonal drift,and dissipation across Southeast Asia.We provide a practical tool for EPB research,by sharing two-dimensional rate of Total Electron Content(TEC)change index(ROTI)derived from this network.We generate ROTI maps with a 10-minute resolution,and samples from May 2024 are publicly available for further scientific research.Two preliminary findings from the ROTI maps of Ina-CORS are noteworthy.First,the Ina-CORS ROTI maps reveal that the irregularities within a broader EPB structure persist longer,increasing the potential for these irregularities to migrate farther eastward.Second,we demonstrate that combined ROTI maps from Ina-CORS and GNSS receivers in East Asia and Australia can be used to monitor the development of ionospheric irregularities in Southeast and East Asia.We have demonstrated the combined ROTI maps to capture the development of ionospheric irregularities in the Southeast/East Asian sector during the G5 Geomagnetic Storm on May 11,2024.We observed simultaneous ionospheric irregularities in Japan and Australia,respectively propagating northwestward and southwestward,before midnight,whereas Southeast Asia’s equatorial and low-latitude regions exhibited irregularities post-midnight.By sharing ROTI maps from Indonesia and integrating them with regional GNSS networks,researchers can conduct comprehensive EPB studies,enhancing the understanding of EPB behavior across Southeast and East Asia and contributing significantly to ionospheric research.
基金the grants from the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Grant Nos.11703065,11573054)from the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2018YFE0118500).
文摘The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is essentially a precise time measurement and time synchronization system for a large-scale space near the Earth. General relativity is the basic theoretical framework for the information processing in the master control station of BDS. Having introduced the basic conceptions of relativistic space-time reference systems, the space-time references of BDS are analyzed and the function and acquisition method of the Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) are briefly discussed. The basic space reference of BDS is BeiDou Coordinate System (BDCS), and the time standard is the BDS Time (BDT). BDCS and BDT are the realizations of the Geocentric Terrestrial Reference System (GTRS) and the Terrestrial Time (TT) for BDS, respectively. The station coordinates in the BDCS are consistent with those in International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF)2014 at the cm-level and the difference in scale is about 1.1 × 10^(−8) . The time deviation of BDT relative to International Atomic Time (TAI) is less than 50 ns and the frequency deviation is less than 2 × 10^(−14) . The Geocentric Celestial Reference System (GCRS) and the solar Barycentric Celestial Reference System (BCRS) are also involved in the operation of BDS. The observation models for time synchronization and precise orbit determination are established within the GCRS framework. The coordinate transformation between BDCS and GCRS is consistent with the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS). In the autonomous operation mode without the support of the ground master control station, Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) is obtained by means of long-term prediction and on-board observation. The observa-tion models for the on-board astrometry should be established within the BCRS framework.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under grant No.62204235。
文摘This paper introduces a high-precision bandgap reference(BGR)designed for battery management systems(BMS),fea-turing an ultra-low temperature coefficient(TC)and line sensitivity(LS).The BGR employs a current-mode scheme with chopped op-amps and internal clock generators to eliminate op-amp offset.A low dropout regulator(LDO)and a pre-regula-tor enhance output driving and LS,respectively.Curvature compensation enhances the TC by addressing higher-order nonlinear-ity.These approaches,effective near room temperature,employs trimming at both 20 and 60°C.When combined with fixed cur-vature correction currents,it achieves an ultra-low TC for each chip.Implemented in a CMOS 180 nm process,the BGR occu-pies 0.548 mm²and operates at 2.5 V with 84μA current draw from a 5 V supply.An average TC of 2.69 ppm/℃ with two-point trimming and 0.81 ppm/℃ with multi-point trimming are achieved over the temperature range of-40 to 125℃.It accommo-dates a load current of 1 mA and an LS of 42 ppm/V,making it suitable for precise BMS applications.
