Objective This study aimed to reexplore minimum iodine excretion and to build a dietary iodine recommendation for Chinese adults using the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis.Methods Data from 171 Chinese adults(19–21 ...Objective This study aimed to reexplore minimum iodine excretion and to build a dietary iodine recommendation for Chinese adults using the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis.Methods Data from 171 Chinese adults(19–21 years old)were collected and analyzed based on three balance studies in Shenzhen,Yinchuan,and Changzhi.The single exponential equation was accordingly used to simulate the trajectory of 24 h urinary iodine excretion as the low iodine experimental diets offered(iodine intake:11-26μg/day)and to further deduce the dietary reference intakes(DRIs)for iodine,including estimated average requirement(EAR)and recommended nutrient intake(RNI).Results The minimum iodine excretion was estimated as 57,58,and 51μg/day in three balance studies,respectively.Moreover,it was further suggested as 57,58,and 51μg/day for iodine EAR,and 80,81,and 71μg/day for iodine RNI or expressed as 1.42,1.41,and 1.20μg/(day·kg)of body weight.Conclusion The iodine DRIs for Chinese adults were established based on the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis,which provides scientific support for the amendment of nutrient requirements.展开更多
Background and Objectives:Nutrient Reference Values(NRVs)play an important role in nutrition labeling and nutrition and health claims based on scientific data.This study,with a global perspective,reviewed recent trend...Background and Objectives:Nutrient Reference Values(NRVs)play an important role in nutrition labeling and nutrition and health claims based on scientific data.This study,with a global perspective,reviewed recent trends in NRVs for adults and their establishment for infants and toddlers.Methods and Study Design:We searched for laws and regulations on official government websites for nutrition labeling in the United States,Canada,Aus tralia,New Zealand,China,South Korea,Japan,the Codex Committee,and the European Union.Results:NRV revisions have been made in the United States,Canada,and South Korea.In the United States and Canada,NRVs for most nutrients,including macronutrients,vitamins,and minerals,were revised in 2016,reflecting updated Di etary Reference Intakes and new scientific findings.NRVs for infants and toddlers have already been formulated in the United States,Canada,Australia,New Zealand,and South Korea and are used for nutrition labeling.How ever,concerns have been raised regarding the labeling of all foods with NRVs for infants and toddlers,which may result in challenges in distinguishing foods formulated under different standards as appropriate for infants and toddlers.Conclusions:This study highlights recent general NRV revisions and formulation status for infants and toddlers.This provides useful information for determining the basis for future updates and the development of NRVs in various countries.展开更多
Objective This study is to obtain precise data on iron physiological requirements in Chinese children using single stable isotope tracertechnique.Methods Thirty boys(10.6±0.2 years)and 27 girls(10.4±0.2 year...Objective This study is to obtain precise data on iron physiological requirements in Chinese children using single stable isotope tracertechnique.Methods Thirty boys(10.6±0.2 years)and 27 girls(10.4±0.2 years)were received oral 6 mg ^(57)Fe each day for 5 consecutive days.Venous blood samples were subsequently drawn to examine the change of total iron concentration and ^(57)Fe abundance at day 0,14,28,60,90,180,360,450,540,630,720.The iron physiological requirement was calculated by iron loss combined with iron circulation rate once ^(57)Fe abundance stabilized in human body.Results The iron physiological requirement was significantly lower in boys than those values in girls(16.88±7.12 vs.18.40±8.81μg/kg per day,P<0.05).Correspondingly,the values were calculated as 722.46±8.43μg/day for boys and 708.40±7.55μg/day for girls,respectively.Considering nearly 10%iron absorption rate,the estimated average iron physiological requirement was 6.0 mg/day in boys and 6.2 mg/day in girls.Conclusion This study indicate that iron physiological requirement could require more daily iron intake in girls as compare with the values in boys having the same body weight.These findings would be facilitate to the new revised dietary reference intakes.展开更多
Background and Objectives:Consuming a diet that ensures adequate nutrient intake is essential to address all forms of malnutrition.In Japan,a meal combining staple food,main dish,and side dish is considered a balanced...Background and Objectives:Consuming a diet that ensures adequate nutrient intake is essential to address all forms of malnutrition.In Japan,a meal combining staple food,main dish,and side dish is considered a balanced diet.This study was conducted to investigate the frequency of meals combining staple food,main dish,and side dish associated with nutrient adequacy.Methods and Study Design:This cross-sectional study included 6,264 adults.All data were obtained from the 2015 Health and Nutrition Survey in Shiga prefecture.Staple food,main dish,and side dish were each defined as a dish with primary ingredients of≥50 g.Regarding the frequency,participants were divided into≥2 and<2 times/d groups.The nutrient adequacy evaluated using the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 2020(DRIs-J)score is based on the reference values provided in the DRIs-J.The t-test was used to evaluate nutrient adequacy between the 2 groups.Results:Of the total participants,only 1,423(22.7%)were classified into the≥2 times/d group,and they had significantly higher DRIs-J scores than participants in the<2 times/d group(p<0.001).The adequacy percentage of all nutrients except saturated fatty acid,particularly dietary fiber and most micronutrients,was>1.5-fold higher in the≥2 times/d group than in the<2 times/d group(p<0.001).Conclusions:This study provides important information that meals combining staple food,main dish,and side dish at least twice a day is effective in maintaining a diet with high nutrient adequacy.展开更多
University students,transitioning from adolescence to adulthood,are at a critical stage where dietary habits and health behaviors are established,influencing long-term health outcomes.This study aimed to assess the di...University students,transitioning from adolescence to adulthood,are at a critical stage where dietary habits and health behaviors are established,influencing long-term health outcomes.This study aimed to assess the dietary intake and nutritional awareness of a population of Chinese university students(n=833),comparing their consumption with national dietary guidelines and reference intakes,while exploring subgroup differences.Results indicated that males had significantly higher amounts of most food categories compared to females.Except for whole grains and legumes,ethnic minorities had lower compliance with the recommended intakes for several food categories compared to Han Chinese.Han males consumed more energy,protein,and fat than their ethnic minority counterparts.Obese participants showed higher protein and fat intake compared to those with normal body mass index(BMI).Additionally,BMI-related trends in macronutrient contributions showed that protein and fat contributed more to the total energy intake of individuals with higher BMI.Han individuals also had higher energy contributions from protein and fat and lower carbohydrate contributions compared to ethnic minorities.Nutrient intake was generally below recommended levels,with low proportions of participants meeting the recommended intake for vitamin A,C,calcium and dietary fiber.High proportions of participants exceeded the tolerable upper intake levels for iron and manganese.Nutritional awareness scores were also significantly higher among Han students,as well as those with higher BMIs and higher income levels.This study highlights significant disparities in dietary intake and nutritional awareness among Chinese university students,with variations across sex,ethnicity,BMI,and income categories.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81872624)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202403021211139).
文摘Objective This study aimed to reexplore minimum iodine excretion and to build a dietary iodine recommendation for Chinese adults using the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis.Methods Data from 171 Chinese adults(19–21 years old)were collected and analyzed based on three balance studies in Shenzhen,Yinchuan,and Changzhi.The single exponential equation was accordingly used to simulate the trajectory of 24 h urinary iodine excretion as the low iodine experimental diets offered(iodine intake:11-26μg/day)and to further deduce the dietary reference intakes(DRIs)for iodine,including estimated average requirement(EAR)and recommended nutrient intake(RNI).Results The minimum iodine excretion was estimated as 57,58,and 51μg/day in three balance studies,respectively.Moreover,it was further suggested as 57,58,and 51μg/day for iodine EAR,and 80,81,and 71μg/day for iodine RNI or expressed as 1.42,1.41,and 1.20μg/(day·kg)of body weight.Conclusion The iodine DRIs for Chinese adults were established based on the obligatory iodine loss hypothesis,which provides scientific support for the amendment of nutrient requirements.
文摘Background and Objectives:Nutrient Reference Values(NRVs)play an important role in nutrition labeling and nutrition and health claims based on scientific data.This study,with a global perspective,reviewed recent trends in NRVs for adults and their establishment for infants and toddlers.Methods and Study Design:We searched for laws and regulations on official government websites for nutrition labeling in the United States,Canada,Aus tralia,New Zealand,China,South Korea,Japan,the Codex Committee,and the European Union.Results:NRV revisions have been made in the United States,Canada,and South Korea.In the United States and Canada,NRVs for most nutrients,including macronutrients,vitamins,and minerals,were revised in 2016,reflecting updated Di etary Reference Intakes and new scientific findings.NRVs for infants and toddlers have already been formulated in the United States,Canada,Australia,New Zealand,and South Korea and are used for nutrition labeling.How ever,concerns have been raised regarding the labeling of all foods with NRVs for infants and toddlers,which may result in challenges in distinguishing foods formulated under different standards as appropriate for infants and toddlers.Conclusions:This study highlights recent general NRV revisions and formulation status for infants and toddlers.This provides useful information for determining the basis for future updates and the development of NRVs in various countries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant number 81330066]
文摘Objective This study is to obtain precise data on iron physiological requirements in Chinese children using single stable isotope tracertechnique.Methods Thirty boys(10.6±0.2 years)and 27 girls(10.4±0.2 years)were received oral 6 mg ^(57)Fe each day for 5 consecutive days.Venous blood samples were subsequently drawn to examine the change of total iron concentration and ^(57)Fe abundance at day 0,14,28,60,90,180,360,450,540,630,720.The iron physiological requirement was calculated by iron loss combined with iron circulation rate once ^(57)Fe abundance stabilized in human body.Results The iron physiological requirement was significantly lower in boys than those values in girls(16.88±7.12 vs.18.40±8.81μg/kg per day,P<0.05).Correspondingly,the values were calculated as 722.46±8.43μg/day for boys and 708.40±7.55μg/day for girls,respectively.Considering nearly 10%iron absorption rate,the estimated average iron physiological requirement was 6.0 mg/day in boys and 6.2 mg/day in girls.Conclusion This study indicate that iron physiological requirement could require more daily iron intake in girls as compare with the values in boys having the same body weight.These findings would be facilitate to the new revised dietary reference intakes.
基金supported in part by the Grants-in-Aid for Young Scientists(B)from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(Eri Imai,grant number 17K12921).
文摘Background and Objectives:Consuming a diet that ensures adequate nutrient intake is essential to address all forms of malnutrition.In Japan,a meal combining staple food,main dish,and side dish is considered a balanced diet.This study was conducted to investigate the frequency of meals combining staple food,main dish,and side dish associated with nutrient adequacy.Methods and Study Design:This cross-sectional study included 6,264 adults.All data were obtained from the 2015 Health and Nutrition Survey in Shiga prefecture.Staple food,main dish,and side dish were each defined as a dish with primary ingredients of≥50 g.Regarding the frequency,participants were divided into≥2 and<2 times/d groups.The nutrient adequacy evaluated using the Dietary Reference Intakes for Japanese 2020(DRIs-J)score is based on the reference values provided in the DRIs-J.The t-test was used to evaluate nutrient adequacy between the 2 groups.Results:Of the total participants,only 1,423(22.7%)were classified into the≥2 times/d group,and they had significantly higher DRIs-J scores than participants in the<2 times/d group(p<0.001).The adequacy percentage of all nutrients except saturated fatty acid,particularly dietary fiber and most micronutrients,was>1.5-fold higher in the≥2 times/d group than in the<2 times/d group(p<0.001).Conclusions:This study provides important information that meals combining staple food,main dish,and side dish at least twice a day is effective in maintaining a diet with high nutrient adequacy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82204030)the Fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024T170134,2022M710675)。
文摘University students,transitioning from adolescence to adulthood,are at a critical stage where dietary habits and health behaviors are established,influencing long-term health outcomes.This study aimed to assess the dietary intake and nutritional awareness of a population of Chinese university students(n=833),comparing their consumption with national dietary guidelines and reference intakes,while exploring subgroup differences.Results indicated that males had significantly higher amounts of most food categories compared to females.Except for whole grains and legumes,ethnic minorities had lower compliance with the recommended intakes for several food categories compared to Han Chinese.Han males consumed more energy,protein,and fat than their ethnic minority counterparts.Obese participants showed higher protein and fat intake compared to those with normal body mass index(BMI).Additionally,BMI-related trends in macronutrient contributions showed that protein and fat contributed more to the total energy intake of individuals with higher BMI.Han individuals also had higher energy contributions from protein and fat and lower carbohydrate contributions compared to ethnic minorities.Nutrient intake was generally below recommended levels,with low proportions of participants meeting the recommended intake for vitamin A,C,calcium and dietary fiber.High proportions of participants exceeded the tolerable upper intake levels for iron and manganese.Nutritional awareness scores were also significantly higher among Han students,as well as those with higher BMIs and higher income levels.This study highlights significant disparities in dietary intake and nutritional awareness among Chinese university students,with variations across sex,ethnicity,BMI,and income categories.
