In the article titled“Inhibiting SHP2 reduces glycolysis,promotes microglial M1 polarization,and alleviates secondary inflammation following spinal cord injury in a mouse model,”published in Neural Regeneration Rese...In the article titled“Inhibiting SHP2 reduces glycolysis,promotes microglial M1 polarization,and alleviates secondary inflammation following spinal cord injury in a mouse model,”published in Neural Regeneration Research(Ding et al.,2025),the title was incorrectly presented due to an error during the language polishing process.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus has central complications:Diabetes,a metabolic disorder primarily characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion,or impaired insulin signaling,has significant central com...Type 2 diabetes mellitus has central complications:Diabetes,a metabolic disorder primarily characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion,or impaired insulin signaling,has significant central complications.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),the most prevalent type of diabetes,affects more than 38 million individuals in the United States(approximately 1 in 10)and is defined by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance,which refers to a reduced cellular response to insulin.展开更多
The prevalence of Class Ⅲ malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can serio...The prevalence of Class Ⅲ malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore,early orthodontic treatment for Class Ⅲ malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class Ⅲ malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class Ⅲ malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class Ⅲ malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.展开更多
Silicon-air batteries(SABs),a new type of semiconductor air battery,have a high energy density.However,some side reactions in SABs cause Si anodes to be covered by a passivation layer to prevent continuous discharge,a...Silicon-air batteries(SABs),a new type of semiconductor air battery,have a high energy density.However,some side reactions in SABs cause Si anodes to be covered by a passivation layer to prevent continuous discharge,and the anode utilization rate is low.In this work,reduced graphene oxide(RGO)fabricated via high-temperature annealing or L-ascorbic acid(L.AA)reduction was first used to obtain Si nanowires/RGO-1000(Si NWs/RGO-1000)and Si nanowires/RGO-L.AA(Si NWs/RGO-L.AA)composite anodes for SABs.It was found that RGO suppressed the passivation and self-corrosion reactions and that SABs using Si NWs/RGO-L.AA as the anode can discharge for more than 700 h,breaking the previous performance of SABs,and that the specific capacity was increased by 90.8%compared to bare Si.This work provides a new solution for the design of high specific capacity SABs with nanostructures and anode protective layers.展开更多
The metal ion batteries have gained widespread attention for wearable electronics due to their competitive energy density and long cycling life.Exploring the advanced anode materials is significant for next generation...The metal ion batteries have gained widespread attention for wearable electronics due to their competitive energy density and long cycling life.Exploring the advanced anode materials is significant for next generation energy storage systems.However,severe electrode volume changes and sluggish redox kinetics are the critical problems for lithium/potassium ion batteries(LIBs/PIBs)towards large-scale applications.Herein,we prepare a novel anode material,which consists of reduced graphene oxide wrapping one-dimensional(1D)N-doped porous carbon nanotube with cobalt phosphoselenide(CoPSe)nanoparticles embedded inside them(r GO@Co PSe/NC).Benefited from the dual carbon decorations and ultrafine nanoparticles structure,it achieves a reversible capacity of 245 mAh/g at 5 A/g after 2000 cycles for LIBs and 215 mAh/g at 1 A/g after 500 cycles for PIBs.The pseudocapacitance and GITT measurements are used to investigate the electrochemical kinetics of r GO@Co PSe/NC for LIBs.In addition,the lithium ion full cell also shows good electrochemical performance when paired with high capacity LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) cathode.This work provides a feasible electrode design strategy for high-efficiency metal ion batteries based on multidimensional nanoarchitecture engineering and composition tailoring.展开更多
Carbon-based foams with a three-dimensional structure can serve as a lightweight template for the rational design and control-lable preparation of metal oxide/carbon-based composite microwave absorption materials.In t...Carbon-based foams with a three-dimensional structure can serve as a lightweight template for the rational design and control-lable preparation of metal oxide/carbon-based composite microwave absorption materials.In this study,a flake-like nickel cobaltate/re-duced graphene oxide/melamine-derived carbon foam(FNC/RGO/MDCF)was successfully fabricated through a combination of solvo-thermal treatment and high-temperature pyrolysis.Results indicated that RGO was evenly distributed in the MDCF skeleton,providing ef-fective support for the load growth of FNC on its surface.Sample S3,the FNC/RGO/MDCF composite prepared by solvothermal method for 16 h,exhibited a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of-66.44 dB at a thickness of 2.29 mm.When the thickness was reduced to 1.50 mm,the optimal effective absorption bandwidth was 3.84 GHz.Analysis of the absorption mechanism of FNC/RGO/MDCF revealed that its excellent absorption performance was primarily attributed to the combined effects of conduction loss,multiple reflection,scattering,in-terface polarization,and dipole polarization.展开更多
In this manuscript,we propose an analytical equivalent linear viscoelastic constitutive model for fiber-reinforced composites,bypassing general computational homogenization.The method is based on the reduced-order hom...In this manuscript,we propose an analytical equivalent linear viscoelastic constitutive model for fiber-reinforced composites,bypassing general computational homogenization.The method is based on the reduced-order homogenization(ROH)approach.The ROH method typically involves solving multiple finite element problems under periodic conditions to evaluate elastic strain and eigenstrain influence functions in an‘off-line’stage,which offers substantial cost savings compared to direct computational homogenization methods.Due to the unique structure of the fibrous unit cell,“off-line”stage calculation can be eliminated by influence functions obtained analytically.Introducing the standard solid model to the ROH method enables the creation of a comprehensive analytical homogeneous viscoelastic constitutive model.This method treats fibrous composite materials as homogeneous,anisotropic viscoelastic materials,significantly reducing computational time due to its analytical nature.This approach also enables precise determination of a homogenized anisotropic relaxation modulus and accurate capture of various viscoelastic responses under different loading conditions.Three sets of numerical examples,including unit cell tests,three-point beam bending tests,and torsion tests,are given to demonstrate the predictive performance of the homogenized viscoelastic model.Furthermore,the model is validated against experimental measurements,confirming its accuracy and reliability.展开更多
In order to meet the demands of new-generation electric vehicles that require high power output(over 15 kW/kg),it is crucial to increase the energy density of car-bon-based supercapacitors to a level comparable to tha...In order to meet the demands of new-generation electric vehicles that require high power output(over 15 kW/kg),it is crucial to increase the energy density of car-bon-based supercapacitors to a level comparable to that of batteries,while maintaining a high power density.We re-port a porous carbon material produced by immersing pop-lar wood(PW)sawdust in a solution of KOH and graphene oxide(GO),followed by carbonization.The resulting mater-ial has exceptional properties as an electrode for high-en-ergy supercapacitors.Compared to the material prepared by the direct carbonization of PW,its electrical conductivity was in-creased from 0.36 to 26.3 S/cm.Because of this and a high microporosity of over 80%,which provides fast electron channels and a large ion storage surface,when used as the electrodes for a symmetric supercapacitor,it gave a high energy density of 27.9 Wh/kg@0.95 kW/kg in an aqueous electrolyte of 1.0 mol/L Na_(2)SO_(4).The device also had battery-level energy storage with maximum energy densities of 73.9 Wh/kg@2.0 kW/kg and 67.6 Wh/kg@40 kW/kg,an ultrahigh power density,in an organic electrolyte of 1.0 mol/L TEABF4/AN.These values are comparable to those of 30−45 Wh/kg for Pb-acid batteries and 30−55 Wh/kg for aqueous lithium batteries.This work indicates a way to prepare carbon materials that can be used in supercapacit-ors with ultrahigh energy and power densities.展开更多
Transplantation of the left lateral section(LLS)of the liver is now an established practice for treating advanced diffuse and unresectable focal liver diseases in children,with variants of the LLS primarily used in in...Transplantation of the left lateral section(LLS)of the liver is now an established practice for treating advanced diffuse and unresectable focal liver diseases in children,with variants of the LLS primarily used in infants.However,the surgical challenge of matching the size of an adult donor's graft to the volume of a child's abdomen remains significant.This review explores historical developments,various approaches to measuring the required functional liver mass,and techniques to prevent complications associated with large-for-size grafts in infants.展开更多
In this paper,we present a novel approach to enhancing the visible light photodetection efficiency of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)by incorporating polypyrrole(Ppy)nanoparticles sized between 126 nm and 1025 nm.The rGO ...In this paper,we present a novel approach to enhancing the visible light photodetection efficiency of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)by incorporating polypyrrole(Ppy)nanoparticles sized between 126 nm and 1025 nm.The rGO and Ppy nanoparticles were synthesized via Hummer’s method and chemical polymerization,respectively.Characterization was performed using scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),Raman spectroscopy,and optical measurements.The rGO/Ppy photodetector demonstrated a high photoresponsivity of 15 mA/W and a broad spectral response from 405 nm to 805 nm,indicating improved efficiency and versatility.This study high-lights the potential of tailored Ppy nanoparticle sizes in advancing rGO photodetectors for high-performance optoelectronic applications.展开更多
The properties of direct reduced iron(DRI)smelting slag are important in the DRI melting process for molten iron production to ensure the slag-iron separation and quality of molten iron.The influence of binary basicit...The properties of direct reduced iron(DRI)smelting slag are important in the DRI melting process for molten iron production to ensure the slag-iron separation and quality of molten iron.The influence of binary basicity on the viscosity and sulfide capacity of CaO-SiO_(2)-MgO-Al_(2)O_(3)-FeO slag was investigated by the high-temperature experiments,structural analysis and thermodynamic calculation.The viscosity of the slag decreased rapidly with an increase in basicity from 0.4 to 0.8,and this trend became slow as the basicity further increased to 1.2.For the acidic slag with basicity of 0.4 and 0.6,the viscosity at 1500℃ was higher than 0.6 Pa s,which was harmful for the fluidity of slag melt.The slags with basicity of 0.8,1.0 and 1.2 at 1500℃ showed the low viscosity of less than 0.6 Pa s.For the basic slag with basicity of 1.0 and 1.2,the rapid precipitation of melilite led to the abrupt increase behavior of the viscosity,and the acidic slag showed the gentle temperature-viscosity curves.The Raman analysis revealed that the conversion from Q^(3) to Q^(2),Q^(1) and Q^(0) mainly occurred with the basicity increasing from 0.4 to 0.8,and the conversion from Q^(2) to Q^(1) and Q^(0) was dominant with further increase in basicity to 1.2,decreasing the degree of polymerization.The sulfide capacity was improved with the increasing basicity due to the increase in O^(2-)ions,and CaS could be formed dominantly for S^(2-)stabilization in present slag.The sulfur partition ratio was derived from sulfide capacity,and the values of sulfur partition ratio at basicity of 0.4 and 0.6 were much smaller than those at basicity of 0.8,1.0 and 1.2,indicating a weak desulfurization ability of the slag with a low basicity.展开更多
The sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)corrosion of H70 brass,H80 brass and T2 copper was systematically studied using microstructure characterizations and electrochemical measurements.The results showed that H70 brass,H80...The sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)corrosion of H70 brass,H80 brass and T2 copper was systematically studied using microstructure characterizations and electrochemical measurements.The results showed that H70 brass,H80 brass and T2 copper exhibited good corrosion resistance in the sterile environment,and the corrosion products were mainly metal oxides,such as Cu_(2)O,CuO and ZnO.The SRB metabolism sharply accelerated the corrosion process of three types of copper alloys,especially the T2 copper.In the inoculated environment,an additional mixture of Cu_(2)S,ZnS and CuSO_(4)existed in the corrosion products.Pitting corrosion was the main corrosion style for the H70 brass and H80 brass,while general corrosion and pitting corrosion simultaneously dominated the corrosion process of the T2 copper in this environment.The results provide a new insight to the microbiological corrosion of copper alloys.展开更多
This letter addresses Pravda's innovative review,which proposes hydrogen pe-roxide as the primary pathogenic factor in ulcerative colitis(UC).Although the author presents intriguing mechanistic insights and report...This letter addresses Pravda's innovative review,which proposes hydrogen pe-roxide as the primary pathogenic factor in ulcerative colitis(UC).Although the author presents intriguing mechanistic insights and reports encouraging clinical outcomes with reducing agents,several methodological and clinical considera-tions require discussion.We examine three key aspects:The selective evidence synthesis approach;the need for rigorous clinical validation of proposed thera-pies;and the integration of this novel hypothesis with established inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis.Given the complexity of UC,future therapeutic ad-vances may require collaborative approaches that integrate redox-based mecha-nisms into existing evidence-based frameworks rather than replacing current paradigms.展开更多
As the global exploration and development of oil and gas resources advances into deep formations,the harsh conditions of high temperature and high salinity present significant challenges for drilling fluids.In order t...As the global exploration and development of oil and gas resources advances into deep formations,the harsh conditions of high temperature and high salinity present significant challenges for drilling fluids.In order to address the technical difficulties associated with the failure of filtrate loss reducers under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions.In this study,a hydrophobic zwitterionic filtrate loss reducer(PDA)was synthesized based on N,N-dimethylacrylamide(DMAA),2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid(AMPS),diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DMDAAC),styrene(ST)and a specialty vinyl monomer(A1).When the concentration of PDA was 3%,the FLAPI of PDA-WBDF was 9.8 mL and the FLHTHP(180℃,3.5 MPa)was 37.8 mL after aging at 240℃for 16 h.In the saturated NaCl environment,the FLAPI of PDA-SWBDF was 4.0 mL and the FLHTHP(180℃,3.5 MPa)was 32.0 mL after aging at 220℃ for 16 h.Under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions,the combined effect of anti-polyelectrolyte and hydrophobic association allowed PDA to adsorb on the bentonite surface tightly.The sulfonic acid groups of PDA increased the negative electronegativity and the hydration film thickness on bentonite surface,which enhanced the colloidal stability,maintained the flattened lamellar structure of bentonite and formed an appropriate particle size distribution,resulting in the formation of dense mud cakes and reducing the filtration loss effectively.展开更多
Biodiesel is a clean and renewable energy,and it is an effective measure to optimize engine combustion fueled with biodiesel to meet the increasingly strict toxic and CO_(2) emission regulations of internal combustion...Biodiesel is a clean and renewable energy,and it is an effective measure to optimize engine combustion fueled with biodiesel to meet the increasingly strict toxic and CO_(2) emission regulations of internal combustion engines.A suitable-scale chemical kinetic mechanism is very crucial for the accurate and rapid prediction of engine combustion and emissions.However,most previous researchers developed the mechanism of blend fuels through the separate simplification and merging of the reduced mechanisms of diesel and biodiesel rather than considering their cross-reaction.In this study,a new reduced chemical reaction kinetics mechanism of diesel and biodiesel was constructed through the adoption of directed relationship graph (DRG),directed relationship graph with error propagation,and full-species sensitivity analysis (FSSA).N-heptane and methyl decanoate (MD) were selected as surrogates of traditional diesel and biodiesel,respectively.In this mechanism,the interactions between the intermediate products of both fuels were considered based on the cross-reaction theory.Reaction pathways were revealed,and the key species involved in the oxidation of n-heptane and MD were identified through sensitivity analyses.The reduced mechanism of n-heptane/MD consisting of 288 species and 800 reactions was developed and sufficiently verified by published experimental data.Prediction maps of ignition delay time were established at a wide range of parameter matrices (temperature from 600 to 1 700 K,pressure from 10 bar to 80 bar,equivalence ratio from 0.5 to 1.5) and different substitution ratios to identify the occurrence regions of the crossreaction.Concentration and sensitivity analyses were then conducted to further investigate the effects of cross-reactions.The results indicate temperature as the primary factor causing cross-reactivity.In addition,the reduced mechanism with cross-reactions was more accurate than that without cross-reactions.At 700–1 000 K,the cross-reactions inhibited the consumption of n-heptane/MD,which resulted in a prolonged ignition delay time.At this point,the elementary reaction,NC_(7)H_(16)+OH<=>C_(7)H_(15)-2+H_(2)O,played a dominant role in fuel consumption.Specifically,the contribution of the MD consumption reaction to ignition decreased,and the increased generation time of OH,HO_(2),and H_(2)O_(2) was directly responsible for the increased ignition delay.展开更多
Macroalgae dominate nutrient dynamics and function as high-value foods for microbial,meio-and macrofaunal communities in coastal ecosystems.Because of this vital role,it is important to clarify the physiological infor...Macroalgae dominate nutrient dynamics and function as high-value foods for microbial,meio-and macrofaunal communities in coastal ecosystems.Because of this vital role,it is important to clarify the physiological information associated with environmental changes as it reflects their growth potential.To evaluate the effects of the changes in salinity and nutrients,the photosynthetic efficiency of a green macroalga Ulva fasciata from the Daya Bay was tested at a range of salinity(i.e.,31 to 10 psu)and nitrogen content(i.e.,5 to 60μmol L^(-1)).The results showed that cellular chlorophyll a(Chl a),carbohydrate and protein contents of U.fasciata were increased due to reduced salinity,and were decreased by interactive nitrogen enrichment.Within a short culture period(i.e.,18 h),the reduced salinity decreased the maximum photosynthetic efficiency(rETRmax and Pmax)derived from the rapid light response curve and photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate versus irradiance curve,respectively,as well as the saturation irradiance(E_(K)).This reducing effect diminished with enlonged cultivation time and reversed to a stimulating effect after 24 h of cultivation.The nitrogen enrichment stimulated the rETRmax and Pmax,as well as the E_(K),regardless of salinity,especially within short-term cultivation period(i.e.,<24 h).In addition,our results indicate that seawater freshening lowers the photosynthetic efficiency of U.fasciata in the short term,which is mitigated by nitrogen enrichment,but stimulates it in the long term,providing insight into how macroalgae thrive in coastal or estuarine waters where salinity and nutrients normally covary strongly.展开更多
During the EAST radiative divertor experiments,one of the key challenges was how to avoid the occurrence of disruptive events caused by excessive impurity seeding.To estimate the required impurity fraction for diverto...During the EAST radiative divertor experiments,one of the key challenges was how to avoid the occurrence of disruptive events caused by excessive impurity seeding.To estimate the required impurity fraction for divertor detachment,we introduce a reduced edge plasma radiation model.In the model,based on the momentum conservation along the magnetic field line,the upstream pressure is determined by the plasma density and temperature at the divertor target,and then the impurity radiation loss is obtained by the balance of the heat and particle fluxes.It is found that the required impurity fraction shows a non-monotonic variation with divertor electron temperature(T_(d))when 0.1 eV<T_(d)<10 eV.In the range of 0.1 eV<T_(d)<1 e V,the position near the valley of required impurity fraction corresponds to strong plasma recombination.Due to the dependence of the volumetric momentum loss effect on the T_(d)in the range of 1 eV<T_(d)<10 eV,the required impurity fraction peaks and then decreases as T_(d)is increased.Compared to neon,the usage of argon reduces the impurity fraction by about twice.In addition,for the various fitting parameters in the pressure-momentum loss model,it is shown that the tendency of required impurity fraction with T_(d)always increases first and then decreases in the range of 1 eV<T_(d)<10 eV,but the required impurity fraction decreases when the model that characterizes the strong loss in pressure momentum is used.展开更多
The eutrophication of rivers and lakes is becoming increasingly common,primarily because of pollution from agricultural non-point sources.We investigated the effects of optimized water and fertilizer treatments on agr...The eutrophication of rivers and lakes is becoming increasingly common,primarily because of pollution from agricultural non-point sources.We investigated the effects of optimized water and fertilizer treatments on agricultural non-point source pollution in the Nansi Lake basin.The water heat carbon nitrogen simulator model(WHCNS model)was used to analyze water and nitrogen transport in wheat fields in Nansi Lake basin.Four water and fertilizer treatments were set up:conventional fertilization and irrigation(CK),reduced controlled-release fertilizer and conventional irrigation(F2W1),an equal amount of controlled-release fertilizer and reduced irrigation(F1W2),and reduced controlled-release fertilizer and reduced irrigation(F2W2).The results indicated that the replacement of conventional fertilizers with controlled-release fertilizers,combined with reduced irrigation,led to reduced nitrogen loss.Compared with those of the CK,the cumulative nitrogen leaching and ammonia volatilization of F2W1 were reduced by 8.90 and 41.67%,respectively;under F1W2,the same parameters were reduced by 12.50 and 15.99%,respectively.Compared with the other treatments,F2W2 significantly reduced nitrogen loss while producing a stable yield.Compared with those of the CK,ammonia volatilization and nitrogen loss due to leaching were reduced by 29.17 and 27.13%,respectively,water and nitrogen use efficiencies increased by 11.38 and 17.80%,respectively.F2W2 showed the best performance among the treatments,considering water and fertilizer management.Our findings highlight the effectiveness of optimizing water and fertilizer application in improving the water and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat,which is of great significance for mitigating nitrogen loss from farmland in the Nansi Lake basin.展开更多
Astrocytes and microglia are emerging key regulators of activity-dependent synapse remodeling that engulf and remove synapses in response to changes in neural activity.Yet,the degree to which these cells communicate t...Astrocytes and microglia are emerging key regulators of activity-dependent synapse remodeling that engulf and remove synapses in response to changes in neural activity.Yet,the degree to which these cells communicate to coordinate this process remains an open question.Here,we use whisker removal in postnatal mice to induce activity-dependent synapse removal in the barrel cortex.We show that astrocytes do not engulf synapses in this paradigm.Instead,astrocytes reduce contact with synapses prior to microglia-mediated synapse engulfment.展开更多
文摘In the article titled“Inhibiting SHP2 reduces glycolysis,promotes microglial M1 polarization,and alleviates secondary inflammation following spinal cord injury in a mouse model,”published in Neural Regeneration Research(Ding et al.,2025),the title was incorrectly presented due to an error during the language polishing process.
基金supported by grants from NIH T32(DK007260,to WC)the Steno North American Fellowship awarded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation(NNF23OC0087108,to WC)+6 种基金STI2030-Major Projects(2021ZD0202700,to HY)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32241004,to HY)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(LR24C090001,to HY)Key R&D Program of Zhejiang Province(2024SSYS0017,to HY)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-12M-5-057,to HY)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(226-2022-00193,to HY)the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2023-PT310-01,to HY)。
文摘Type 2 diabetes mellitus has central complications:Diabetes,a metabolic disorder primarily characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion,or impaired insulin signaling,has significant central complications.Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),the most prevalent type of diabetes,affects more than 38 million individuals in the United States(approximately 1 in 10)and is defined by chronic hyperglycemia and insulin resistance,which refers to a reduced cellular response to insulin.
文摘The prevalence of Class Ⅲ malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore,early orthodontic treatment for Class Ⅲ malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class Ⅲ malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class Ⅲ malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class Ⅲ malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61904073)Spring City Plan-Special Program for Young Talents(No.K202005007)+4 种基金Yunnan Talents Support Plan for Yong Talents(No.XDYC-QNRC-20220482)Yunnan Local Colleges Applied Basic Research Projects(No.202101BA070001-138)Scientific Research Fund of Yunnan Education Department(No.2023Y0883)Frontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructures in Yunnan Higher Education。
文摘Silicon-air batteries(SABs),a new type of semiconductor air battery,have a high energy density.However,some side reactions in SABs cause Si anodes to be covered by a passivation layer to prevent continuous discharge,and the anode utilization rate is low.In this work,reduced graphene oxide(RGO)fabricated via high-temperature annealing or L-ascorbic acid(L.AA)reduction was first used to obtain Si nanowires/RGO-1000(Si NWs/RGO-1000)and Si nanowires/RGO-L.AA(Si NWs/RGO-L.AA)composite anodes for SABs.It was found that RGO suppressed the passivation and self-corrosion reactions and that SABs using Si NWs/RGO-L.AA as the anode can discharge for more than 700 h,breaking the previous performance of SABs,and that the specific capacity was increased by 90.8%compared to bare Si.This work provides a new solution for the design of high specific capacity SABs with nanostructures and anode protective layers.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22204028)Young Talent Support Project of Guangzhou Association for Science and Technology(No.QT-2023-003)+3 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project(No.2022A1515110451)Guangzhou University Graduate Student Innovation Ability Cultivation Funding Program(No.2022GDJC-M06)Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou(Nos.202201010245,2023A03J0029)Double-Thousand Talents Plan of Jiangxi Province(No.jxsq2023102005)。
文摘The metal ion batteries have gained widespread attention for wearable electronics due to their competitive energy density and long cycling life.Exploring the advanced anode materials is significant for next generation energy storage systems.However,severe electrode volume changes and sluggish redox kinetics are the critical problems for lithium/potassium ion batteries(LIBs/PIBs)towards large-scale applications.Herein,we prepare a novel anode material,which consists of reduced graphene oxide wrapping one-dimensional(1D)N-doped porous carbon nanotube with cobalt phosphoselenide(CoPSe)nanoparticles embedded inside them(r GO@Co PSe/NC).Benefited from the dual carbon decorations and ultrafine nanoparticles structure,it achieves a reversible capacity of 245 mAh/g at 5 A/g after 2000 cycles for LIBs and 215 mAh/g at 1 A/g after 500 cycles for PIBs.The pseudocapacitance and GITT measurements are used to investigate the electrochemical kinetics of r GO@Co PSe/NC for LIBs.In addition,the lithium ion full cell also shows good electrochemical performance when paired with high capacity LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2) cathode.This work provides a feasible electrode design strategy for high-efficiency metal ion batteries based on multidimensional nanoarchitecture engineering and composition tailoring.
基金support of the Key Science Research Project in Colleges and Universities of Anhui Province,China(No.2022AH050813)the Medical Special Cultivation Project of Anhui University of Science and Technology,China(No.YZ2023H2A002).
文摘Carbon-based foams with a three-dimensional structure can serve as a lightweight template for the rational design and control-lable preparation of metal oxide/carbon-based composite microwave absorption materials.In this study,a flake-like nickel cobaltate/re-duced graphene oxide/melamine-derived carbon foam(FNC/RGO/MDCF)was successfully fabricated through a combination of solvo-thermal treatment and high-temperature pyrolysis.Results indicated that RGO was evenly distributed in the MDCF skeleton,providing ef-fective support for the load growth of FNC on its surface.Sample S3,the FNC/RGO/MDCF composite prepared by solvothermal method for 16 h,exhibited a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))of-66.44 dB at a thickness of 2.29 mm.When the thickness was reduced to 1.50 mm,the optimal effective absorption bandwidth was 3.84 GHz.Analysis of the absorption mechanism of FNC/RGO/MDCF revealed that its excellent absorption performance was primarily attributed to the combined effects of conduction loss,multiple reflection,scattering,in-terface polarization,and dipole polarization.
基金support by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1008901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11988102,12172009)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘In this manuscript,we propose an analytical equivalent linear viscoelastic constitutive model for fiber-reinforced composites,bypassing general computational homogenization.The method is based on the reduced-order homogenization(ROH)approach.The ROH method typically involves solving multiple finite element problems under periodic conditions to evaluate elastic strain and eigenstrain influence functions in an‘off-line’stage,which offers substantial cost savings compared to direct computational homogenization methods.Due to the unique structure of the fibrous unit cell,“off-line”stage calculation can be eliminated by influence functions obtained analytically.Introducing the standard solid model to the ROH method enables the creation of a comprehensive analytical homogeneous viscoelastic constitutive model.This method treats fibrous composite materials as homogeneous,anisotropic viscoelastic materials,significantly reducing computational time due to its analytical nature.This approach also enables precise determination of a homogenized anisotropic relaxation modulus and accurate capture of various viscoelastic responses under different loading conditions.Three sets of numerical examples,including unit cell tests,three-point beam bending tests,and torsion tests,are given to demonstrate the predictive performance of the homogenized viscoelastic model.Furthermore,the model is validated against experimental measurements,confirming its accuracy and reliability.
文摘In order to meet the demands of new-generation electric vehicles that require high power output(over 15 kW/kg),it is crucial to increase the energy density of car-bon-based supercapacitors to a level comparable to that of batteries,while maintaining a high power density.We re-port a porous carbon material produced by immersing pop-lar wood(PW)sawdust in a solution of KOH and graphene oxide(GO),followed by carbonization.The resulting mater-ial has exceptional properties as an electrode for high-en-ergy supercapacitors.Compared to the material prepared by the direct carbonization of PW,its electrical conductivity was in-creased from 0.36 to 26.3 S/cm.Because of this and a high microporosity of over 80%,which provides fast electron channels and a large ion storage surface,when used as the electrodes for a symmetric supercapacitor,it gave a high energy density of 27.9 Wh/kg@0.95 kW/kg in an aqueous electrolyte of 1.0 mol/L Na_(2)SO_(4).The device also had battery-level energy storage with maximum energy densities of 73.9 Wh/kg@2.0 kW/kg and 67.6 Wh/kg@40 kW/kg,an ultrahigh power density,in an organic electrolyte of 1.0 mol/L TEABF4/AN.These values are comparable to those of 30−45 Wh/kg for Pb-acid batteries and 30−55 Wh/kg for aqueous lithium batteries.This work indicates a way to prepare carbon materials that can be used in supercapacit-ors with ultrahigh energy and power densities.
文摘Transplantation of the left lateral section(LLS)of the liver is now an established practice for treating advanced diffuse and unresectable focal liver diseases in children,with variants of the LLS primarily used in infants.However,the surgical challenge of matching the size of an adult donor's graft to the volume of a child's abdomen remains significant.This review explores historical developments,various approaches to measuring the required functional liver mass,and techniques to prevent complications associated with large-for-size grafts in infants.
文摘In this paper,we present a novel approach to enhancing the visible light photodetection efficiency of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)by incorporating polypyrrole(Ppy)nanoparticles sized between 126 nm and 1025 nm.The rGO and Ppy nanoparticles were synthesized via Hummer’s method and chemical polymerization,respectively.Characterization was performed using scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),Raman spectroscopy,and optical measurements.The rGO/Ppy photodetector demonstrated a high photoresponsivity of 15 mA/W and a broad spectral response from 405 nm to 805 nm,indicating improved efficiency and versatility.This study high-lights the potential of tailored Ppy nanoparticle sizes in advancing rGO photodetectors for high-performance optoelectronic applications.
基金the financial support from China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M750177)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52474345)and Science and Technology Major Project of WuHan(2023020302020572).
文摘The properties of direct reduced iron(DRI)smelting slag are important in the DRI melting process for molten iron production to ensure the slag-iron separation and quality of molten iron.The influence of binary basicity on the viscosity and sulfide capacity of CaO-SiO_(2)-MgO-Al_(2)O_(3)-FeO slag was investigated by the high-temperature experiments,structural analysis and thermodynamic calculation.The viscosity of the slag decreased rapidly with an increase in basicity from 0.4 to 0.8,and this trend became slow as the basicity further increased to 1.2.For the acidic slag with basicity of 0.4 and 0.6,the viscosity at 1500℃ was higher than 0.6 Pa s,which was harmful for the fluidity of slag melt.The slags with basicity of 0.8,1.0 and 1.2 at 1500℃ showed the low viscosity of less than 0.6 Pa s.For the basic slag with basicity of 1.0 and 1.2,the rapid precipitation of melilite led to the abrupt increase behavior of the viscosity,and the acidic slag showed the gentle temperature-viscosity curves.The Raman analysis revealed that the conversion from Q^(3) to Q^(2),Q^(1) and Q^(0) mainly occurred with the basicity increasing from 0.4 to 0.8,and the conversion from Q^(2) to Q^(1) and Q^(0) was dominant with further increase in basicity to 1.2,decreasing the degree of polymerization.The sulfide capacity was improved with the increasing basicity due to the increase in O^(2-)ions,and CaS could be formed dominantly for S^(2-)stabilization in present slag.The sulfur partition ratio was derived from sulfide capacity,and the values of sulfur partition ratio at basicity of 0.4 and 0.6 were much smaller than those at basicity of 0.8,1.0 and 1.2,indicating a weak desulfurization ability of the slag with a low basicity.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51971191)Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Hunan Province(Nos.22B0178,22C0075)+1 种基金Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate(No.CX20220558)the National Scholarship Foundation(No.202008430013)。
文摘The sulfate-reducing bacteria(SRB)corrosion of H70 brass,H80 brass and T2 copper was systematically studied using microstructure characterizations and electrochemical measurements.The results showed that H70 brass,H80 brass and T2 copper exhibited good corrosion resistance in the sterile environment,and the corrosion products were mainly metal oxides,such as Cu_(2)O,CuO and ZnO.The SRB metabolism sharply accelerated the corrosion process of three types of copper alloys,especially the T2 copper.In the inoculated environment,an additional mixture of Cu_(2)S,ZnS and CuSO_(4)existed in the corrosion products.Pitting corrosion was the main corrosion style for the H70 brass and H80 brass,while general corrosion and pitting corrosion simultaneously dominated the corrosion process of the T2 copper in this environment.The results provide a new insight to the microbiological corrosion of copper alloys.
文摘This letter addresses Pravda's innovative review,which proposes hydrogen pe-roxide as the primary pathogenic factor in ulcerative colitis(UC).Although the author presents intriguing mechanistic insights and reports encouraging clinical outcomes with reducing agents,several methodological and clinical considera-tions require discussion.We examine three key aspects:The selective evidence synthesis approach;the need for rigorous clinical validation of proposed thera-pies;and the integration of this novel hypothesis with established inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis.Given the complexity of UC,future therapeutic ad-vances may require collaborative approaches that integrate redox-based mecha-nisms into existing evidence-based frameworks rather than replacing current paradigms.
基金supported by State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas(No.SKLDOG2024-ZYRC-03)supported by the Excellent Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52322401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52288101).
文摘As the global exploration and development of oil and gas resources advances into deep formations,the harsh conditions of high temperature and high salinity present significant challenges for drilling fluids.In order to address the technical difficulties associated with the failure of filtrate loss reducers under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions.In this study,a hydrophobic zwitterionic filtrate loss reducer(PDA)was synthesized based on N,N-dimethylacrylamide(DMAA),2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid(AMPS),diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DMDAAC),styrene(ST)and a specialty vinyl monomer(A1).When the concentration of PDA was 3%,the FLAPI of PDA-WBDF was 9.8 mL and the FLHTHP(180℃,3.5 MPa)was 37.8 mL after aging at 240℃for 16 h.In the saturated NaCl environment,the FLAPI of PDA-SWBDF was 4.0 mL and the FLHTHP(180℃,3.5 MPa)was 32.0 mL after aging at 220℃ for 16 h.Under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions,the combined effect of anti-polyelectrolyte and hydrophobic association allowed PDA to adsorb on the bentonite surface tightly.The sulfonic acid groups of PDA increased the negative electronegativity and the hydration film thickness on bentonite surface,which enhanced the colloidal stability,maintained the flattened lamellar structure of bentonite and formed an appropriate particle size distribution,resulting in the formation of dense mud cakes and reducing the filtration loss effectively.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52171298)the National Foreign Experts Program (G2023180006L)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China (Grant No. ZD2019E003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 3072022TS0303)。
文摘Biodiesel is a clean and renewable energy,and it is an effective measure to optimize engine combustion fueled with biodiesel to meet the increasingly strict toxic and CO_(2) emission regulations of internal combustion engines.A suitable-scale chemical kinetic mechanism is very crucial for the accurate and rapid prediction of engine combustion and emissions.However,most previous researchers developed the mechanism of blend fuels through the separate simplification and merging of the reduced mechanisms of diesel and biodiesel rather than considering their cross-reaction.In this study,a new reduced chemical reaction kinetics mechanism of diesel and biodiesel was constructed through the adoption of directed relationship graph (DRG),directed relationship graph with error propagation,and full-species sensitivity analysis (FSSA).N-heptane and methyl decanoate (MD) were selected as surrogates of traditional diesel and biodiesel,respectively.In this mechanism,the interactions between the intermediate products of both fuels were considered based on the cross-reaction theory.Reaction pathways were revealed,and the key species involved in the oxidation of n-heptane and MD were identified through sensitivity analyses.The reduced mechanism of n-heptane/MD consisting of 288 species and 800 reactions was developed and sufficiently verified by published experimental data.Prediction maps of ignition delay time were established at a wide range of parameter matrices (temperature from 600 to 1 700 K,pressure from 10 bar to 80 bar,equivalence ratio from 0.5 to 1.5) and different substitution ratios to identify the occurrence regions of the crossreaction.Concentration and sensitivity analyses were then conducted to further investigate the effects of cross-reactions.The results indicate temperature as the primary factor causing cross-reactivity.In addition,the reduced mechanism with cross-reactions was more accurate than that without cross-reactions.At 700–1 000 K,the cross-reactions inhibited the consumption of n-heptane/MD,which resulted in a prolonged ignition delay time.At this point,the elementary reaction,NC_(7)H_(16)+OH<=>C_(7)H_(15)-2+H_(2)O,played a dominant role in fuel consumption.Specifically,the contribution of the MD consumption reaction to ignition decreased,and the increased generation time of OH,HO_(2),and H_(2)O_(2) was directly responsible for the increased ignition delay.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.20022YFC3102405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42425004,32371665)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos.2022A1515011461,2022A1515011831)。
文摘Macroalgae dominate nutrient dynamics and function as high-value foods for microbial,meio-and macrofaunal communities in coastal ecosystems.Because of this vital role,it is important to clarify the physiological information associated with environmental changes as it reflects their growth potential.To evaluate the effects of the changes in salinity and nutrients,the photosynthetic efficiency of a green macroalga Ulva fasciata from the Daya Bay was tested at a range of salinity(i.e.,31 to 10 psu)and nitrogen content(i.e.,5 to 60μmol L^(-1)).The results showed that cellular chlorophyll a(Chl a),carbohydrate and protein contents of U.fasciata were increased due to reduced salinity,and were decreased by interactive nitrogen enrichment.Within a short culture period(i.e.,18 h),the reduced salinity decreased the maximum photosynthetic efficiency(rETRmax and Pmax)derived from the rapid light response curve and photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate versus irradiance curve,respectively,as well as the saturation irradiance(E_(K)).This reducing effect diminished with enlonged cultivation time and reversed to a stimulating effect after 24 h of cultivation.The nitrogen enrichment stimulated the rETRmax and Pmax,as well as the E_(K),regardless of salinity,especially within short-term cultivation period(i.e.,<24 h).In addition,our results indicate that seawater freshening lowers the photosynthetic efficiency of U.fasciata in the short term,which is mitigated by nitrogen enrichment,but stimulates it in the long term,providing insight into how macroalgae thrive in coastal or estuarine waters where salinity and nutrients normally covary strongly.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12375227)Innovation in Fusion Engineering Technology of Institute(No.E35QT1080C)。
文摘During the EAST radiative divertor experiments,one of the key challenges was how to avoid the occurrence of disruptive events caused by excessive impurity seeding.To estimate the required impurity fraction for divertor detachment,we introduce a reduced edge plasma radiation model.In the model,based on the momentum conservation along the magnetic field line,the upstream pressure is determined by the plasma density and temperature at the divertor target,and then the impurity radiation loss is obtained by the balance of the heat and particle fluxes.It is found that the required impurity fraction shows a non-monotonic variation with divertor electron temperature(T_(d))when 0.1 eV<T_(d)<10 eV.In the range of 0.1 eV<T_(d)<1 e V,the position near the valley of required impurity fraction corresponds to strong plasma recombination.Due to the dependence of the volumetric momentum loss effect on the T_(d)in the range of 1 eV<T_(d)<10 eV,the required impurity fraction peaks and then decreases as T_(d)is increased.Compared to neon,the usage of argon reduces the impurity fraction by about twice.In addition,for the various fitting parameters in the pressure-momentum loss model,it is shown that the tendency of required impurity fraction with T_(d)always increases first and then decreases in the range of 1 eV<T_(d)<10 eV,but the required impurity fraction decreases when the model that characterizes the strong loss in pressure momentum is used.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0800303)the Major Science and Technology Innovation Projects in Shandong Province,China(2021CXGC010804).
文摘The eutrophication of rivers and lakes is becoming increasingly common,primarily because of pollution from agricultural non-point sources.We investigated the effects of optimized water and fertilizer treatments on agricultural non-point source pollution in the Nansi Lake basin.The water heat carbon nitrogen simulator model(WHCNS model)was used to analyze water and nitrogen transport in wheat fields in Nansi Lake basin.Four water and fertilizer treatments were set up:conventional fertilization and irrigation(CK),reduced controlled-release fertilizer and conventional irrigation(F2W1),an equal amount of controlled-release fertilizer and reduced irrigation(F1W2),and reduced controlled-release fertilizer and reduced irrigation(F2W2).The results indicated that the replacement of conventional fertilizers with controlled-release fertilizers,combined with reduced irrigation,led to reduced nitrogen loss.Compared with those of the CK,the cumulative nitrogen leaching and ammonia volatilization of F2W1 were reduced by 8.90 and 41.67%,respectively;under F1W2,the same parameters were reduced by 12.50 and 15.99%,respectively.Compared with the other treatments,F2W2 significantly reduced nitrogen loss while producing a stable yield.Compared with those of the CK,ammonia volatilization and nitrogen loss due to leaching were reduced by 29.17 and 27.13%,respectively,water and nitrogen use efficiencies increased by 11.38 and 17.80%,respectively.F2W2 showed the best performance among the treatments,considering water and fertilizer management.Our findings highlight the effectiveness of optimizing water and fertilizer application in improving the water and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat,which is of great significance for mitigating nitrogen loss from farmland in the Nansi Lake basin.
文摘Astrocytes and microglia are emerging key regulators of activity-dependent synapse remodeling that engulf and remove synapses in response to changes in neural activity.Yet,the degree to which these cells communicate to coordinate this process remains an open question.Here,we use whisker removal in postnatal mice to induce activity-dependent synapse removal in the barrel cortex.We show that astrocytes do not engulf synapses in this paradigm.Instead,astrocytes reduce contact with synapses prior to microglia-mediated synapse engulfment.
