When microdissection testicular sperm extraction(micro-TESE)fails,a redo procedure may be the only option for patients who want a biological child.However,there are many gaps of knowledge surrounding the procedure,whi...When microdissection testicular sperm extraction(micro-TESE)fails,a redo procedure may be the only option for patients who want a biological child.However,there are many gaps of knowledge surrounding the procedure,which need to be addressed to help clinicians and patients make informed decisions.This review explores redo micro-TESE in the context of nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA).Literature was searched using Google Scholar,Medline,and PubMed.Search terms were“NOA”AND“second microdissection testicular sperm extractions”AND“redo microdissection testicles sperm extraction”AND“repeat microdissection testicular sperm extractions”AND“failed microdissection testicular sperm extractions”AND“salvage microdissection testicular sperm extractions”.Only original articles in English were included.A total of nine articles were included,consisting of four retrospective and five prospective studies.The time gap between the first and second micro-TESE varied from 6 months to 24 months.Most of the included studies reported successful surgical sperm retrieval(SSR)in the second micro-TESE in the range of 10%–21%,except in one study where it reached 42%.It has not been presented any definitive information about the use of hormonal treatment or the benefit of varicocelectomy prior to the second micro-TESE.Patients with hypospermatogenesis and Klinefelter syndrome(KS)had the highest chance of success in redo surgery.In conclusion,redo micro-TESE following a negative procedure can lead to sperm recovery in 10%–21%.Patients with hypospermatogenesis and KS have a higher chance of success.There is no enough evidence to conclude which is the best hormonal stimulation if any before a redo surgery.展开更多
Oracle数据库系统通过 REDO L OG技术来管理数据操作和事务 ,如何分析跟踪 REDO L OG文件 ,实现对数据库操作的监控 ,在数据库审计、数据库复制和数据库安全等方面具有重要的实用价值 .本文对 ORACL E REDO L OG文件进行了详尽的分析 ,...Oracle数据库系统通过 REDO L OG技术来管理数据操作和事务 ,如何分析跟踪 REDO L OG文件 ,实现对数据库操作的监控 ,在数据库审计、数据库复制和数据库安全等方面具有重要的实用价值 .本文对 ORACL E REDO L OG文件进行了详尽的分析 ,给出了 REDO L OG文件头、文件体块结构和文件数据结构的 C语言描述 ,以及 REDO L OG事务控制机制的分析 。展开更多
Undo/Redo是交互式系统的重要特性,分布式虚拟设计系统也不例外.虚拟设计是一个创造性的过程,可能会利用Undo/Redo功能对实体模型进行反反复复的修改.由于多用户并发交互的原因,协同设计中Undo/Redo比单用户虚拟设计复杂得多.针对这个问...Undo/Redo是交互式系统的重要特性,分布式虚拟设计系统也不例外.虚拟设计是一个创造性的过程,可能会利用Undo/Redo功能对实体模型进行反反复复的修改.由于多用户并发交互的原因,协同设计中Undo/Redo比单用户虚拟设计复杂得多.针对这个问题,本文提出了一种基于可变PDU(Variable Protocol Data Units,简称VPDU)的协同操作方法,并在此基础上,设计并实现了一个分布式虚拟设计中的Undo/Redo方法.展开更多
文摘When microdissection testicular sperm extraction(micro-TESE)fails,a redo procedure may be the only option for patients who want a biological child.However,there are many gaps of knowledge surrounding the procedure,which need to be addressed to help clinicians and patients make informed decisions.This review explores redo micro-TESE in the context of nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA).Literature was searched using Google Scholar,Medline,and PubMed.Search terms were“NOA”AND“second microdissection testicular sperm extractions”AND“redo microdissection testicles sperm extraction”AND“repeat microdissection testicular sperm extractions”AND“failed microdissection testicular sperm extractions”AND“salvage microdissection testicular sperm extractions”.Only original articles in English were included.A total of nine articles were included,consisting of four retrospective and five prospective studies.The time gap between the first and second micro-TESE varied from 6 months to 24 months.Most of the included studies reported successful surgical sperm retrieval(SSR)in the second micro-TESE in the range of 10%–21%,except in one study where it reached 42%.It has not been presented any definitive information about the use of hormonal treatment or the benefit of varicocelectomy prior to the second micro-TESE.Patients with hypospermatogenesis and Klinefelter syndrome(KS)had the highest chance of success in redo surgery.In conclusion,redo micro-TESE following a negative procedure can lead to sperm recovery in 10%–21%.Patients with hypospermatogenesis and KS have a higher chance of success.There is no enough evidence to conclude which is the best hormonal stimulation if any before a redo surgery.
文摘Oracle数据库系统通过 REDO L OG技术来管理数据操作和事务 ,如何分析跟踪 REDO L OG文件 ,实现对数据库操作的监控 ,在数据库审计、数据库复制和数据库安全等方面具有重要的实用价值 .本文对 ORACL E REDO L OG文件进行了详尽的分析 ,给出了 REDO L OG文件头、文件体块结构和文件数据结构的 C语言描述 ,以及 REDO L OG事务控制机制的分析 。
文摘Undo/Redo是交互式系统的重要特性,分布式虚拟设计系统也不例外.虚拟设计是一个创造性的过程,可能会利用Undo/Redo功能对实体模型进行反反复复的修改.由于多用户并发交互的原因,协同设计中Undo/Redo比单用户虚拟设计复杂得多.针对这个问题,本文提出了一种基于可变PDU(Variable Protocol Data Units,简称VPDU)的协同操作方法,并在此基础上,设计并实现了一个分布式虚拟设计中的Undo/Redo方法.
