In this paper, a surface potential based threshold voltage model of fully-depleted（FD） recessed-source/drain（Re-S/D）silicon-on-insulator（SOI） metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor（MOSFET） is presen...In this paper, a surface potential based threshold voltage model of fully-depleted（FD） recessed-source/drain（Re-S/D）silicon-on-insulator（SOI） metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor（MOSFET） is presented while considering the effects of high-k gate-dielectric material induced fringing-field. The two-dimensional（2D） Poisson＇s equation is solved in a channel region in order to obtain the surface potential under the assumption of the parabolic potential profile in the transverse direction of the channel with appropriate boundary conditions. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the model＇s results with the 2D simulation results from ATLAS over a wide range of channel lengths and other parameters,including the dielectric constant of gate-dielectric material.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the 10-year therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)using the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy in the management of idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN).METHO...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the 10-year therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)using the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy in the management of idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN).METHODS:A single-center,retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with IMN who met predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were collected from the Department of Nephrology at Longhua Hospital,affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,between January 2007 and December 2011.Clinical parameters including 24-h urinary protein,serum albumin,serum creatinine,and estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR,EPI)were assessed at baseline and at 1,3,5,and 10 years of follow-up.The efficacy of the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA).Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate proportional hazards model(Cox regression models)were employed to identify factors associated with treatment outcomes.RESULTS:A total of 265 patients were included,with a median follow-up duration of 96 months(36,122).TCM treatment significantly reduced 24-h urinary protein levels(P<0.001),and increased serum albumin levels(P<0.001),while serum creatinine remained stable(P=0.187).Remission rates at 1,3,5,and 10 years were 52.81%,69.71%,68.39%,and 72.36%,respectively,and the rates of avoiding composite outcome events at the same intervals were 98.27%,94.29%,94.19%,and 93.50%.In the subgroup receiving TCM only,remission rates were 56.67%,84.44%,76.32%,and 82.86%.For patients treated initially with Western Medicine followed by TCM,the rates were 52.83%,65.85%,67.47%and 67.75%.In the cohort of patients who received TCM as their first-line therapy,remission rates were 49.23%,62.50%,61.76%,and 69.23%.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the duration of TCM treatment[hazard ratio(HR)=0.826,95%confidence interval(CI)(0.779,0.876),P<0.001],presence of hypertension[HR=1.912,95%CI(1.181,3.094),P=0.008],baseline serum albumin level[HR=0.930,95%CI(0.894,0.969),P<0.001],and the rate of serum albumin increase within the first year of treatment[HR=0.930,95%CI(0.909,0.957),P<0.001]were significantly associated with clinical outcomes.CONCLUSION:The Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy demonstrated robust short-and longterm efficacy in treating IMN,with high rates of remission and renal survival over 10 years.Key factors influencing clinical remission included the duration of TCM treatment,baseline serum albumin levels,the presence of hypertension,and the rate of increase in serum albumin within the first year.These findings suggest that this TCM approach provides a viable long-term treatment option for IMN.展开更多
BACKGROUND Historically intraoperative drains were employed after pancreatic surgery but over the last decade,there has been debate over the routine usage of drains.AIM To assess the necessity of intra-abdominal drain...BACKGROUND Historically intraoperative drains were employed after pancreatic surgery but over the last decade,there has been debate over the routine usage of drains.AIM To assess the necessity of intra-abdominal drain placement,identify the most effective drain type,and determine the optimal timing for drain removal.METHODS A systematic review of electronic databases,including PubMed,MEDLINE,PubMed Central,and Google Scholar,was conducted using Medical Subject Headings and keywords until December 2023.From an initial pool of 1910 articles,48 were included after exclusion and screening.The primary outcomes analyzed were clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula(CR-POPF),delayed gastric emptying(DGE),overall morbidity,and mortality.Subgroup analyses were performed for pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy.RESULTS Routine use of drains is associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of CR-POPF and DGE.Conversely,patients who did not have drains placed experienced a significant reduction in morbidity,readmission rates,and reoperations.No significant differences were observed between active and passive drain types.Early drain removal(<3 days)yielded favorable outcomes compared to delayed removal.CONCLUSION Analysis of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies did not demonstrate an advantage of routine drain placement following pancreatic resection,potentially contributing to increased morbidity and mortality.The decision to use drains should be left to the discretion of the operating surgeon.However,early drain removal can substantially reduce morbidity.展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophagojejunal anastomotic leakage(EJAL)is a severe complication following gastrectomy for gastric cancer,typically treated with drainage and nutritional support.We report a case of intraluminal drain migr...BACKGROUND Esophagojejunal anastomotic leakage(EJAL)is a severe complication following gastrectomy for gastric cancer,typically treated with drainage and nutritional support.We report a case of intraluminal drain migration near the esophagojejunal anastomosis(EJA),resulting in persistent drainage and mimicking EJAL after total gastrectomy.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old male underwent open total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction for gastric adenocarcinoma,with two silicone drains placed near the EJA.On postoperative day(POD)4,the patient developed signs of peritonitis and sepsis,necessitating surgical re-exploration abscess drainage,peritoneal lavage,and drain repositioning.A contrast swallow study on POD 18 revealed rapid filling of the abdominal drain without extraluminal contrast collection.Persistent drainage prompted an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy on POD 59,which revealed approximately 5 cm of the drain within the esophagus,with the perforation site located 2 cm distal to the intact EJA.The drain was repositioned under endoscopic guidance.A repeat contrast radiograph on POD 67 demonstrated no evidence of extraluminal contrast extravasation or filling of the abdominal drain.The patient was subsequently discharged without further incident.CONCLUSION Intraluminal drain migration is a rare complication following gastric surgery but should be considered when persistent drainage occurs.展开更多
Dear Editor,We introduce a novel surgical instrument designed to overcome the challenges in draining fluid from the suprachoroidal space in patients with choroidal detachment.In the evolving landscape of ophthalmic su...Dear Editor,We introduce a novel surgical instrument designed to overcome the challenges in draining fluid from the suprachoroidal space in patients with choroidal detachment.In the evolving landscape of ophthalmic surgeries,procedures that were once considered complex,such as those for choroidal detachment,are becoming increasingly common.Drainage of subchoroidal fluid was derived from 1985[1]with indirect visualization during scleral buckle surgery[2-4].展开更多
The expansion of a thick-walled hollow cylinder in soil is of non-self-similar nature that the stress/deformation paths are not the same for different soil material points.As a result,this problem cannot be solved by ...The expansion of a thick-walled hollow cylinder in soil is of non-self-similar nature that the stress/deformation paths are not the same for different soil material points.As a result,this problem cannot be solved by the common self-similar-based similarity techniques.This paper proposes a novel,exact solution for rigorous drained expansion analysis of a hollow cylinder of critical state soils.Considering stress-dependent elastic moduli of soils,new analytical stress and displacement solutions for the nonself-similar problem are developed taking the small strain assumption in the elastic zone.In the plastic zone,the cavity expansion response is formulated into a set of first-order partial differential equations(PDEs)with the combination use of Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions,and a novel solution algorithm is developed to efficiently solve this complex boundary value problem.The solution is presented in a general form and thus can be useful for a wide range of soils.With the new solution,the non-self-similar nature induced by the finite outer boundary is clearly demonstrated and highlighted,which is found to be greatly different to the behaviour of cavity expansion in infinite soil mass.The present solution may serve as a benchmark for verifying the performance of advanced numerical techniques with critical state soil models and be used to capture the finite boundary effect for pressuremeter tests in small-sized calibration chambers.展开更多
BACKGROUND Long-term abdominal drains(LTAD)are a cost-effective palliative measure to manage malignant ascites in the community,but their use in patients with end-stage chronic liver disease and refractory ascites is ...BACKGROUND Long-term abdominal drains(LTAD)are a cost-effective palliative measure to manage malignant ascites in the community,but their use in patients with end-stage chronic liver disease and refractory ascites is not routine practice.The safety and cost-effectiveness of LTAD are currently being studied in this setting,with preliminary positive results.We hypothesised that palliative LTAD are as effective and safe as repeat palliative large volume paracentesis(LVP)in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites and may offer advantages in patients’quality of life.AIM To compare the effectiveness and safety of palliative LTAD and LVP in refractory ascites secondary to end-stage chronic liver disease.METHODS A retrospective,observational cohort study comparing the effectiveness and safety outcomes of palliative LTAD and regular palliative LVP as a treatment for refractory ascites in consecutive patients with end-stage chronic liver disease followed-up at our United Kingdom tertiary centre between 2018 and 2022 was conducted.Fisher’s exact tests and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare qualitative and quantitative variables,respectively.Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were generated to stratify time-related outcomes according to the type of drain.RESULTS Thirty patients had a total of 35 indwelling abdominal drains and nineteen patients underwent regular LVP.The baseline characteristics were similar between the groups.Prophylactic antibiotics were more frequently prescribed in patients with LTAD(P=0.012),while the incidence of peritonitis did not differ between the two groups(P=0.46).The incidence of acute kidney injury(P=0.014)and ascites/drain-related hospital admissions(P=0.004)were significantly higher in the LVP group.The overall survival was similar in the two groups(log-rank P=0.26),but the endpoint-free survival was significantly shorter in the LVP group(P=0.003,P<0.001,P=0.018 for first ascites/drain-related admission,acute kidney injury and drain-related complications,respectively).CONCLUSION The use of LTAD in the management of refractory ascites in palliated end-stage liver disease is effective,safe,and may reduce hospital admissions and utilisation of healthcare resources compared to LVP.展开更多
Vertical drains are used to accelerate consolidation of clays in ground improvement projects.Smear zones exist around these drains,where permeability is reduced due to soil disturbance caused by the installation proce...Vertical drains are used to accelerate consolidation of clays in ground improvement projects.Smear zones exist around these drains,where permeability is reduced due to soil disturbance caused by the installation process.Hansbo solution is widely used in practice to consider the effects of drain discharge capacity and smear on the consolidation process.In this study,a computationally efficient diameter reduction method(DRM)obtained from the Hansbo solution is proposed to consider the smear effect without the need to model the smear zone physically.Validated by analytical and numerical results,a diameter reduction factor is analytically derived to reduce the diameter of the drain,while achieving similar solutions of pore pressure dissipation profile as the classical full model of the smear zone and drain.With the DRM,the excess pore pressure u obtained from the reduced drain in the original un-disturbed soil zone is accurate enough for practical applications in numerical models.Such performance of DRM is independent of soil material property.Results also show equally accurate performance of DRM under conditions of multi-layered soils and coupled radial-vertical groundwater flow.展开更多
BACKGROUND Postoperative abdominal infections are an important and heterogeneous health challenge.Many samll abdominal abscesses are resolved with antibiotics,but larger or symptomatic abscesses may require procedural...BACKGROUND Postoperative abdominal infections are an important and heterogeneous health challenge.Many samll abdominal abscesses are resolved with antibiotics,but larger or symptomatic abscesses may require procedural management.CASE SUMMARY A 65-year-old male patient who suffered operation for the left hepatocellular carcinoma eight months ago,came to our hospital with recurrent abdominal pain,vomit,and fever for one month.Abdominal computed tomography showed that a big low-density dumbbell-shaped mass among the liver and intestine.Colonoscopy showed a submucosal mass with a fistula at colon of liver region.Gastroscopy showed a big rupture on the submucosal mass at the descending duodenum and a fistula at the duodenal bulb.Under colonoscopy,the brown liquid and pus were drained from the mass with“special stent device”.Under gastroscopy,we closed the rupture of the mass with a loop and six clips for purse stitching at the descending duodenum,and the same method as colonoscopy was used to drain the brown liquid and pus from the mass.The symptom of abdominal pain,vomit and fever were relieved after the treatment.CONCLUSION The special stent device could be effectively for draining the abdominal abscess respectively from colon and duodenum.展开更多
The vacuum-assisted prefabricated horizontal drain offers a promising method for strengthening soil slurry,allowing simultaneous filling and vacuum-dewatering via staged construction.However,there is limited research ...The vacuum-assisted prefabricated horizontal drain offers a promising method for strengthening soil slurry,allowing simultaneous filling and vacuum-dewatering via staged construction.However,there is limited research on the unique characteristics of staged filling.This study aims to investigate the vacuum consolidation process of staged-filled soil slurry through laboratory model tests and numerical simulations,also assessing the impact of anionic polyacrylamide.Comparative analyses are conducted between vacuum consolidation with and without anionic polyacrylamide,as well as self-weight consolidation without anionic polyacrylamide.Results reveal contour lines of excess pore pressure,water content,and soil strength forming an ellipse around the prefabricated horizontal drain board.During the consolidation process,a higher degree of consolidation,lower water content,and higher soil strength were observed closer to the prefabricated horizontal drain board.After treatment,the uppermost filling layer exhibits an average water content that was approximately 40%higher than the lower filling layer,and its average strength was about 60%lower.This discrepancy is primarily due to the absence of sealing on the top surface and the relatively short vacuum consolidation time caused by staged filling.The introduction of anionic polyacrylamide-induced flocculation significantly improves the initial consolidation rate but minimally affects the dewatering capacity of vacuum preloading.Using flocculant can enhance both the staged filling rate and soil strength(by 1e2 times).Additionally,employing a staggered arrangement between different prefabricated horizontal drain layers is advisable to prevent top-down penetration in areas with low soil strength.展开更多
This article aims to study the efficiency of coupled vertical drains for the treatment of long-lasting compressible clay soils for the road project platform of the ring road of Porto Novo, capital of Benin. The experi...This article aims to study the efficiency of coupled vertical drains for the treatment of long-lasting compressible clay soils for the road project platform of the ring road of Porto Novo, capital of Benin. The experimental data allowed us to estimate a consolidation of 29% in 9 months, justifying the drainage of the soil. In order to study the efficiency of drainage, a FEM model was proposed simulating different scenarios. These include a drainless road, pavements equipped with vertical drains with meshes of 0.5 m 0.5 m, 1 m 1 m and 1.5 m 1.5 m respectively and horizontal drains. The results expressed in terms of variations in vertical stresses, effective stresses and shear deformations revealed significant variations in pavement performance depending on the mesh size of the vertical drains. The configuration with a mesh of 0.5 m 0.5 m showed the least deformations, thus indicating a reduction in deformations and better stress distribution. However, the other mesh configurations showed variable results, underlining the importance of choosing the right mesh for the specific project conditions.展开更多
The present study concerns the revalorization of drained water from aquaculture ponds rearing Clarias gariepinus on okra crops. The rearing was carried out at the farm of Gaston Berger University in 100 m2 ponds. In e...The present study concerns the revalorization of drained water from aquaculture ponds rearing Clarias gariepinus on okra crops. The rearing was carried out at the farm of Gaston Berger University in 100 m2 ponds. In each pond, the individuals of C. garipinus with an average weight of 6 ± 0.3 g were stocked at a density of 11 per m2. The water temperature and pH were measured during the experiment. The control fishing is carried out every month to monitor variations in the weight and size of reared individuals. The plant production is carried out in elementary plots measuring 3 m × 1.5 m. Each plot was fertilized with either: drained water from C. gariepinus rearing (DWC), poultry droppings (PD), cow dung (CD) and mineral fertilizer (NPK). Treatments are carried out in tripliqua with either river water (RW), RW + the recommended dose of NPK (RD-NPK), RW + RD-PD, RW + RD-CD, DWC, DWC + 25% RD-NPK, DWC + 50% RD-NPK, DWC + 75% RD-NPK, DWC + 25% RD-PD, DWC + 50% RD-PD, DWC + 75% RD-PD, DWC + 25% RD-CD, DWC + 50% RD-CD, DWC + 75% RD-CD. Growth parameters and yield of okra were determined. The average temperature in the rearing environment was 27.6 ± 1.5˚C and pH 7.9 ± 1.1. After six (06) months of rearing, C. gariepinus individuals reached an average weight of 850.12 ± 1.3 g and an average height of 52.44 ± 1.1 cm. The daily weight gain and specific growth rates over this period were 3.9 g per day and 2.8% per day, respectively. The treatment T1 (RW + DR-NPK) gave the highest mean collar diameter and mean plant height with 2.3 ± 0.9 cm and 61.6 ± 32 cm, respectively. In T4 (DWC), the mean height of plants was 38.8 ± 23.5 cm and mean collar diameter 1.4 ± 0.8 cm. The growth performance in T4 was comparable to that of RD-CD (T3), but different from RD-NPK (T1) and RD-PD (T2). The highest average number, average weight, average length and average diameter of fruits were noted in treatments T13 (RW + RD-75%CD) and T7 (DWC + 75% RD-NPK). The best yields were noted in T1 (RW + RD-NPK) = 10.8 ± 5.4 t·ha−1, T5 (DWC + 25% RD-NPK) = 9.2 ± 4.6 t·ha−1 and T4 (DWC) = 8.6 ± 4.3 t·ha−1 which are comparable and higher than those obtained in T2 = 5.7 ± 2.8 t·ha−1 and T3 = 7.5 ± 3.8 t·ha−1.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB),Department of Science and Technology,Ministry of Human Resource and Development,Government of India under Young Scientist Research(Grant No.SB/FTP/ETA-415/2012)
文摘In this paper, a surface potential based threshold voltage model of fully-depleted（FD） recessed-source/drain（Re-S/D）silicon-on-insulator（SOI） metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor（MOSFET） is presented while considering the effects of high-k gate-dielectric material induced fringing-field. The two-dimensional（2D） Poisson＇s equation is solved in a channel region in order to obtain the surface potential under the assumption of the parabolic potential profile in the transverse direction of the channel with appropriate boundary conditions. The accuracy of the model is verified by comparing the model＇s results with the 2D simulation results from ATLAS over a wide range of channel lengths and other parameters,including the dielectric constant of gate-dielectric material.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Project,Clinical Study on the Treatment of Refractory Membranous Nephropathy with the Treatment of Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness in Method using Single Group Target Value Method(No.2019YFC1709403)Systematic Study on the Diagnosis and Treatment Rules of Membranous Nephropathy in Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.2023YFC35033501,No.2023YFC35033503)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the 10-year therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)using the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy in the management of idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN).METHODS:A single-center,retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with IMN who met predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data were collected from the Department of Nephrology at Longhua Hospital,affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,between January 2007 and December 2011.Clinical parameters including 24-h urinary protein,serum albumin,serum creatinine,and estimated glomerular filtration rate(e GFR,EPI)were assessed at baseline and at 1,3,5,and 10 years of follow-up.The efficacy of the Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance(ANOVA).Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate proportional hazards model(Cox regression models)were employed to identify factors associated with treatment outcomes.RESULTS:A total of 265 patients were included,with a median follow-up duration of 96 months(36,122).TCM treatment significantly reduced 24-h urinary protein levels(P<0.001),and increased serum albumin levels(P<0.001),while serum creatinine remained stable(P=0.187).Remission rates at 1,3,5,and 10 years were 52.81%,69.71%,68.39%,and 72.36%,respectively,and the rates of avoiding composite outcome events at the same intervals were 98.27%,94.29%,94.19%,and 93.50%.In the subgroup receiving TCM only,remission rates were 56.67%,84.44%,76.32%,and 82.86%.For patients treated initially with Western Medicine followed by TCM,the rates were 52.83%,65.85%,67.47%and 67.75%.In the cohort of patients who received TCM as their first-line therapy,remission rates were 49.23%,62.50%,61.76%,and 69.23%.Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that the duration of TCM treatment[hazard ratio(HR)=0.826,95%confidence interval(CI)(0.779,0.876),P<0.001],presence of hypertension[HR=1.912,95%CI(1.181,3.094),P=0.008],baseline serum albumin level[HR=0.930,95%CI(0.894,0.969),P<0.001],and the rate of serum albumin increase within the first year of treatment[HR=0.930,95%CI(0.909,0.957),P<0.001]were significantly associated with clinical outcomes.CONCLUSION:The Strengthening Spleen and Draining Dampness therapy demonstrated robust short-and longterm efficacy in treating IMN,with high rates of remission and renal survival over 10 years.Key factors influencing clinical remission included the duration of TCM treatment,baseline serum albumin levels,the presence of hypertension,and the rate of increase in serum albumin within the first year.These findings suggest that this TCM approach provides a viable long-term treatment option for IMN.
文摘BACKGROUND Historically intraoperative drains were employed after pancreatic surgery but over the last decade,there has been debate over the routine usage of drains.AIM To assess the necessity of intra-abdominal drain placement,identify the most effective drain type,and determine the optimal timing for drain removal.METHODS A systematic review of electronic databases,including PubMed,MEDLINE,PubMed Central,and Google Scholar,was conducted using Medical Subject Headings and keywords until December 2023.From an initial pool of 1910 articles,48 were included after exclusion and screening.The primary outcomes analyzed were clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula(CR-POPF),delayed gastric emptying(DGE),overall morbidity,and mortality.Subgroup analyses were performed for pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy.RESULTS Routine use of drains is associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of CR-POPF and DGE.Conversely,patients who did not have drains placed experienced a significant reduction in morbidity,readmission rates,and reoperations.No significant differences were observed between active and passive drain types.Early drain removal(<3 days)yielded favorable outcomes compared to delayed removal.CONCLUSION Analysis of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies did not demonstrate an advantage of routine drain placement following pancreatic resection,potentially contributing to increased morbidity and mortality.The decision to use drains should be left to the discretion of the operating surgeon.However,early drain removal can substantially reduce morbidity.
文摘BACKGROUND Esophagojejunal anastomotic leakage(EJAL)is a severe complication following gastrectomy for gastric cancer,typically treated with drainage and nutritional support.We report a case of intraluminal drain migration near the esophagojejunal anastomosis(EJA),resulting in persistent drainage and mimicking EJAL after total gastrectomy.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old male underwent open total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction for gastric adenocarcinoma,with two silicone drains placed near the EJA.On postoperative day(POD)4,the patient developed signs of peritonitis and sepsis,necessitating surgical re-exploration abscess drainage,peritoneal lavage,and drain repositioning.A contrast swallow study on POD 18 revealed rapid filling of the abdominal drain without extraluminal contrast collection.Persistent drainage prompted an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy on POD 59,which revealed approximately 5 cm of the drain within the esophagus,with the perforation site located 2 cm distal to the intact EJA.The drain was repositioned under endoscopic guidance.A repeat contrast radiograph on POD 67 demonstrated no evidence of extraluminal contrast extravasation or filling of the abdominal drain.The patient was subsequently discharged without further incident.CONCLUSION Intraluminal drain migration is a rare complication following gastric surgery but should be considered when persistent drainage occurs.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Foundation of Tianjin Eye Hospital(No.YKPY2207)Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialty)Construction Project(No.TJYXZDXK-016A).
文摘Dear Editor,We introduce a novel surgical instrument designed to overcome the challenges in draining fluid from the suprachoroidal space in patients with choroidal detachment.In the evolving landscape of ophthalmic surgeries,procedures that were once considered complex,such as those for choroidal detachment,are becoming increasingly common.Drainage of subchoroidal fluid was derived from 1985[1]with indirect visualization during scleral buckle surgery[2-4].
基金funding support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB2604004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52108374)the“Taishan”Scholar Program of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.tsqn201909016)。
文摘The expansion of a thick-walled hollow cylinder in soil is of non-self-similar nature that the stress/deformation paths are not the same for different soil material points.As a result,this problem cannot be solved by the common self-similar-based similarity techniques.This paper proposes a novel,exact solution for rigorous drained expansion analysis of a hollow cylinder of critical state soils.Considering stress-dependent elastic moduli of soils,new analytical stress and displacement solutions for the nonself-similar problem are developed taking the small strain assumption in the elastic zone.In the plastic zone,the cavity expansion response is formulated into a set of first-order partial differential equations(PDEs)with the combination use of Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions,and a novel solution algorithm is developed to efficiently solve this complex boundary value problem.The solution is presented in a general form and thus can be useful for a wide range of soils.With the new solution,the non-self-similar nature induced by the finite outer boundary is clearly demonstrated and highlighted,which is found to be greatly different to the behaviour of cavity expansion in infinite soil mass.The present solution may serve as a benchmark for verifying the performance of advanced numerical techniques with critical state soil models and be used to capture the finite boundary effect for pressuremeter tests in small-sized calibration chambers.
文摘BACKGROUND Long-term abdominal drains(LTAD)are a cost-effective palliative measure to manage malignant ascites in the community,but their use in patients with end-stage chronic liver disease and refractory ascites is not routine practice.The safety and cost-effectiveness of LTAD are currently being studied in this setting,with preliminary positive results.We hypothesised that palliative LTAD are as effective and safe as repeat palliative large volume paracentesis(LVP)in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites and may offer advantages in patients’quality of life.AIM To compare the effectiveness and safety of palliative LTAD and LVP in refractory ascites secondary to end-stage chronic liver disease.METHODS A retrospective,observational cohort study comparing the effectiveness and safety outcomes of palliative LTAD and regular palliative LVP as a treatment for refractory ascites in consecutive patients with end-stage chronic liver disease followed-up at our United Kingdom tertiary centre between 2018 and 2022 was conducted.Fisher’s exact tests and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare qualitative and quantitative variables,respectively.Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were generated to stratify time-related outcomes according to the type of drain.RESULTS Thirty patients had a total of 35 indwelling abdominal drains and nineteen patients underwent regular LVP.The baseline characteristics were similar between the groups.Prophylactic antibiotics were more frequently prescribed in patients with LTAD(P=0.012),while the incidence of peritonitis did not differ between the two groups(P=0.46).The incidence of acute kidney injury(P=0.014)and ascites/drain-related hospital admissions(P=0.004)were significantly higher in the LVP group.The overall survival was similar in the two groups(log-rank P=0.26),but the endpoint-free survival was significantly shorter in the LVP group(P=0.003,P<0.001,P=0.018 for first ascites/drain-related admission,acute kidney injury and drain-related complications,respectively).CONCLUSION The use of LTAD in the management of refractory ascites in palliated end-stage liver disease is effective,safe,and may reduce hospital admissions and utilisation of healthcare resources compared to LVP.
基金The authors wish to acknowledge the generous financial sup-port from the Singapore Maritime Institute(SMI)for this research within the project‘Evaluation of In-situ Consolidation of Dredged and Excavated Materials at Reclaimed Next Generation Tuas Port’(Project ID:SMI-2018-MA-01).
文摘Vertical drains are used to accelerate consolidation of clays in ground improvement projects.Smear zones exist around these drains,where permeability is reduced due to soil disturbance caused by the installation process.Hansbo solution is widely used in practice to consider the effects of drain discharge capacity and smear on the consolidation process.In this study,a computationally efficient diameter reduction method(DRM)obtained from the Hansbo solution is proposed to consider the smear effect without the need to model the smear zone physically.Validated by analytical and numerical results,a diameter reduction factor is analytically derived to reduce the diameter of the drain,while achieving similar solutions of pore pressure dissipation profile as the classical full model of the smear zone and drain.With the DRM,the excess pore pressure u obtained from the reduced drain in the original un-disturbed soil zone is accurate enough for practical applications in numerical models.Such performance of DRM is independent of soil material property.Results also show equally accurate performance of DRM under conditions of multi-layered soils and coupled radial-vertical groundwater flow.
文摘BACKGROUND Postoperative abdominal infections are an important and heterogeneous health challenge.Many samll abdominal abscesses are resolved with antibiotics,but larger or symptomatic abscesses may require procedural management.CASE SUMMARY A 65-year-old male patient who suffered operation for the left hepatocellular carcinoma eight months ago,came to our hospital with recurrent abdominal pain,vomit,and fever for one month.Abdominal computed tomography showed that a big low-density dumbbell-shaped mass among the liver and intestine.Colonoscopy showed a submucosal mass with a fistula at colon of liver region.Gastroscopy showed a big rupture on the submucosal mass at the descending duodenum and a fistula at the duodenal bulb.Under colonoscopy,the brown liquid and pus were drained from the mass with“special stent device”.Under gastroscopy,we closed the rupture of the mass with a loop and six clips for purse stitching at the descending duodenum,and the same method as colonoscopy was used to drain the brown liquid and pus from the mass.The symptom of abdominal pain,vomit and fever were relieved after the treatment.CONCLUSION The special stent device could be effectively for draining the abdominal abscess respectively from colon and duodenum.
基金supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government of China(Grant Nos.15210322 and R5037-18)the financial support(Grant No.86902-00000240)from Shenzhen University.
文摘The vacuum-assisted prefabricated horizontal drain offers a promising method for strengthening soil slurry,allowing simultaneous filling and vacuum-dewatering via staged construction.However,there is limited research on the unique characteristics of staged filling.This study aims to investigate the vacuum consolidation process of staged-filled soil slurry through laboratory model tests and numerical simulations,also assessing the impact of anionic polyacrylamide.Comparative analyses are conducted between vacuum consolidation with and without anionic polyacrylamide,as well as self-weight consolidation without anionic polyacrylamide.Results reveal contour lines of excess pore pressure,water content,and soil strength forming an ellipse around the prefabricated horizontal drain board.During the consolidation process,a higher degree of consolidation,lower water content,and higher soil strength were observed closer to the prefabricated horizontal drain board.After treatment,the uppermost filling layer exhibits an average water content that was approximately 40%higher than the lower filling layer,and its average strength was about 60%lower.This discrepancy is primarily due to the absence of sealing on the top surface and the relatively short vacuum consolidation time caused by staged filling.The introduction of anionic polyacrylamide-induced flocculation significantly improves the initial consolidation rate but minimally affects the dewatering capacity of vacuum preloading.Using flocculant can enhance both the staged filling rate and soil strength(by 1e2 times).Additionally,employing a staggered arrangement between different prefabricated horizontal drain layers is advisable to prevent top-down penetration in areas with low soil strength.
文摘This article aims to study the efficiency of coupled vertical drains for the treatment of long-lasting compressible clay soils for the road project platform of the ring road of Porto Novo, capital of Benin. The experimental data allowed us to estimate a consolidation of 29% in 9 months, justifying the drainage of the soil. In order to study the efficiency of drainage, a FEM model was proposed simulating different scenarios. These include a drainless road, pavements equipped with vertical drains with meshes of 0.5 m 0.5 m, 1 m 1 m and 1.5 m 1.5 m respectively and horizontal drains. The results expressed in terms of variations in vertical stresses, effective stresses and shear deformations revealed significant variations in pavement performance depending on the mesh size of the vertical drains. The configuration with a mesh of 0.5 m 0.5 m showed the least deformations, thus indicating a reduction in deformations and better stress distribution. However, the other mesh configurations showed variable results, underlining the importance of choosing the right mesh for the specific project conditions.
文摘The present study concerns the revalorization of drained water from aquaculture ponds rearing Clarias gariepinus on okra crops. The rearing was carried out at the farm of Gaston Berger University in 100 m2 ponds. In each pond, the individuals of C. garipinus with an average weight of 6 ± 0.3 g were stocked at a density of 11 per m2. The water temperature and pH were measured during the experiment. The control fishing is carried out every month to monitor variations in the weight and size of reared individuals. The plant production is carried out in elementary plots measuring 3 m × 1.5 m. Each plot was fertilized with either: drained water from C. gariepinus rearing (DWC), poultry droppings (PD), cow dung (CD) and mineral fertilizer (NPK). Treatments are carried out in tripliqua with either river water (RW), RW + the recommended dose of NPK (RD-NPK), RW + RD-PD, RW + RD-CD, DWC, DWC + 25% RD-NPK, DWC + 50% RD-NPK, DWC + 75% RD-NPK, DWC + 25% RD-PD, DWC + 50% RD-PD, DWC + 75% RD-PD, DWC + 25% RD-CD, DWC + 50% RD-CD, DWC + 75% RD-CD. Growth parameters and yield of okra were determined. The average temperature in the rearing environment was 27.6 ± 1.5˚C and pH 7.9 ± 1.1. After six (06) months of rearing, C. gariepinus individuals reached an average weight of 850.12 ± 1.3 g and an average height of 52.44 ± 1.1 cm. The daily weight gain and specific growth rates over this period were 3.9 g per day and 2.8% per day, respectively. The treatment T1 (RW + DR-NPK) gave the highest mean collar diameter and mean plant height with 2.3 ± 0.9 cm and 61.6 ± 32 cm, respectively. In T4 (DWC), the mean height of plants was 38.8 ± 23.5 cm and mean collar diameter 1.4 ± 0.8 cm. The growth performance in T4 was comparable to that of RD-CD (T3), but different from RD-NPK (T1) and RD-PD (T2). The highest average number, average weight, average length and average diameter of fruits were noted in treatments T13 (RW + RD-75%CD) and T7 (DWC + 75% RD-NPK). The best yields were noted in T1 (RW + RD-NPK) = 10.8 ± 5.4 t·ha−1, T5 (DWC + 25% RD-NPK) = 9.2 ± 4.6 t·ha−1 and T4 (DWC) = 8.6 ± 4.3 t·ha−1 which are comparable and higher than those obtained in T2 = 5.7 ± 2.8 t·ha−1 and T3 = 7.5 ± 3.8 t·ha−1.
