In the extreme conditions of high altitude,low temperature,low pressure,and high speed,the aircraft engine is prone to flameout and difficult to start secondary ignition,which makes reliable ignition of combustion cha...In the extreme conditions of high altitude,low temperature,low pressure,and high speed,the aircraft engine is prone to flameout and difficult to start secondary ignition,which makes reliable ignition of combustion chamber at high altitude become a worldwide problem.To solve this problem,a kind of multichannel plasma igniter with round cavity is proposed in this paper,the three-channel and five-channel igniters are compared with the traditional ones.The discharge energy of the three igniters was compared based on the electric energy test and the thermal energy test,and ignition experiments was conducted in the simulated high-altitude environment of the component combustion chamber.The results show that the recessed multichannel plasma igniter has higher discharge energy than the conventional spark igniter,which can increase the conversion efficiency of electric energy from 26%to 43%,and the conversion efficiency of thermal energy from 25%to 73%.The recessed multichannel plasma igniter can achieve greater spark penetration depth and excitation area,which both increase with the increase of height.At the same height,the inlet flow helps to increase the penetration depth of the spark.The recessed multichannel plasma igniter can widen the lean ignition boundary,and the maximum enrichment percentage of lean ignition boundary can reach 31%.展开更多
In this work, AlGaN/GaN FinFETs with different fin widths have been successfully fabricated, and the recessed-gate FinFETs are fabricated for comparison. The recessed-gate FinFETs exhibit higher transconductance value...In this work, AlGaN/GaN FinFETs with different fin widths have been successfully fabricated, and the recessed-gate FinFETs are fabricated for comparison. The recessed-gate FinFETs exhibit higher transconductance value and positive shift of threshold voltage. Moreover, with the fin width of the recessed-gate FinFETs increasing, the variations of both threshold voltage and the transconductance increase. Next, transfer characteristics of the recessed-gate FinFETs with different fin widths and recessed-gate depths are simulated by Silvaco software. The relationship between the threshold voltage and the AlGaN layer thickness has been investigated. The simulation results indicate that the slope of threshold voltage variation reduces with the fin width decreasing. Finally, a simplified threshold voltage model for recessed-gate FinFET is established,which agrees with both the experimental results and simulation results.展开更多
The influences of dry-etching damage on the electrical properties of an AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diode with ICPrecessed anode was investigated for the first time. It was found that the turn-on voltage is decreased w...The influences of dry-etching damage on the electrical properties of an AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diode with ICPrecessed anode was investigated for the first time. It was found that the turn-on voltage is decreased with the increase of dry-etching power. Furthermore, the leakage currents in the reverse bias region above pinch-off voltage rise as radio frequency（RF） power increases, while below pinch-off voltage, leakage currents tend to be independent of RF power.Based on detailed current–voltage–temperature（I–V –T） measurements, the barrier height of thermionic-field emission（TFE） from GaN is lowered as RF power increases, which results in early conduction. The increase of leakage current can be explained by Frenkel–Poole（FP） emission that higher dry-etching damage in the sidewall leads to the higher tunneling current, while below pinch-off voltage, the leakage is only related to the AlGaN surface, which is independent of RF power.展开更多
An integrable silicon-on-insulator （SOl） power lateral MOSFET with a trench gate and a recessed drain （TGRD MOSFET） is proposed to reduce the on-resistance. Both of the trench gate extended to the buried oxide （...An integrable silicon-on-insulator （SOl） power lateral MOSFET with a trench gate and a recessed drain （TGRD MOSFET） is proposed to reduce the on-resistance. Both of the trench gate extended to the buried oxide （BOX） and the recessed drain reduce the specific on-resistance （Ron, sp） by widening the vertical conduction area and shortening the extra current path. The trench gate is extended as a field plate improves the electric field distribution. Breakdown voltage （BV） of 97 V and Ron, sp of 0.985 mf2-cm2 （l/os = 5 V） are obtained for a TGRD MOSFET with 6.5/xm half-cell pitch. Compared with the trench gate SOI MOSFET （TG MOSFET） and the conventional MOSFET, Ron＇ sp of the TGRD MOSFET decreases by 46% and 83% at the same BV, respectively. Compared with the SOI MOSFET with a trench gate and a trench drain （TGTD MOSFET）, BV of the TGRD MOSFET increases by 37% at the same Ron,sp.展开更多
The 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)for 2030,adopted by all United Nations member states in 2015,are facing a range of challenges.Factors such as climate change,regional conflicts and economic recession are havi...The 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)for 2030,adopted by all United Nations member states in 2015,are facing a range of challenges.Factors such as climate change,regional conflicts and economic recession are having a significant impact,particularly on global poverty governance.As a platform for dialogue,exchange and technical cooperation,the 2025 International Seminar on Global Poverty Reduction Partnerships was held in Beijing on 10 December 2025.展开更多
Rapid regional population shifts and spatial polarization have heightened pressure on cultivated land—a critical resource demanding urgent attention amid ongoing urban-rural transition.This study selects Jiangsu prov...Rapid regional population shifts and spatial polarization have heightened pressure on cultivated land—a critical resource demanding urgent attention amid ongoing urban-rural transition.This study selects Jiangsu province,a national leader in both economic and agricultural development,as a case area to construct a multidimensional framework for assessing the recessive morphological characteristics of multifunctional cultivated land use.We examine temporal dynamics,spatial heterogeneity,and propose an integrated zoning strategy based on empirical analysis.The results reveal that:(1)The recessive morphology index shows a consistent upward trend,with structural breaks in 2007 and 2013,and a spatial shift from“higher in the east and lower in the west”to“higher in the south and lower in the north.”(2)Coordination among sub-dimensions of the index has steadily improved.(3)The index is expected to continue rising in the next decade,though at a slower pace.(4)To promote coordinated multidimensional land-use development,we recommend a policy framework that reinforces existing strengths,addresses weaknesses,and adapts zoning schemes to current spatial conditions.This research offers new insights into multifunctional cultivated land systems and underscores their role in enhancing human well-being,securing food supply,and supporting sustainable urban-rural integration.展开更多
GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors （MOSFETs） on AIGaN/GaN heterostructure with a recess gate were fabricated and characterized. The device showed good pinch-off characteristics and a maximum fiel...GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors （MOSFETs） on AIGaN/GaN heterostructure with a recess gate were fabricated and characterized. The device showed good pinch-off characteristics and a maximum field-effect mobility of 145.2 cm2.V-1.s-1. The effects of etching gas of CI2 and SiCI4 were investigated in the gate recess process. SiCI4-etched devices showed higher channel mobility and lower threshold voltage. Atomic force microscope measurement was done to investigate the etching profile with different etching protection mask. Compared with photoresist, SiO2- masked sample showed lower surface roughness and better profile with stepper sidewall and weaker trenching effect resulting in higher channel mobility in the MOSFET.展开更多
Mechanical strain engineering has been promising for many integrated photonic applications. However,for the engineering of a material electronic bandgap,a trade-off exists between the strain uniformity and the integra...Mechanical strain engineering has been promising for many integrated photonic applications. However,for the engineering of a material electronic bandgap,a trade-off exists between the strain uniformity and the integration compatibility with photonic-integrated circuits (PICs). Herein,we adopted a straightforward recess-type design of a silicon nitride (SiNx) stressor to achieve a uniform strain with enhanced magnitude in the material of interest on PICs. Normal-incidence,uniformly 0.56% tensile strained germanium (Ge)-on-insulator (GOI) metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes were demonstrated,using the recessed stressor with 750 MPa tensile stress. The device exhibits a responsivity of 1.840.15 A∕W at 1550 nm. The extracted Ge absorption coefficient is enhanced by -3.2×to 8340 cm^(-1) at 1612 nm and is superior to that of In_(0.53)Ga_(0.47)As up to 1630 nm limited by the measurement spectrum. Compared with the nonrecess strained device,additional absorption coefficient improvement of 10%–20% in the C-band and 40%–60% in the L-band was observed. This work facilitates the recessstrained GOI photodiodes for free-space PIC applications and paves the way for various (e.g.,Ge,GeSn or III-V based) uniformly strained photonic devices on PICs.展开更多
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that causes the formation of multiple cysts in the kidneys, leading to kidney failure. PKD is a common condition affecting approximately 1 in 5...Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that causes the formation of multiple cysts in the kidneys, leading to kidney failure. PKD is a common condition affecting approximately 1 in 500 individuals worldwide. The most prevalent type of PKD is autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD). ADPKD is caused by mutations in either the PKD1 or PKD2 genes, which encode for proteins involved in cell growth and differentiation. These mutations lead to the formation of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys, which can eventually lead to kidney failure. In addition to affecting the kidneys, PKD can also cause cysts in other organs, such as the liver, pancreas, and spleen. PKD can also lead to various complications, including high blood pressure, heart valve abnormalities, and brain aneurysms. This review focuses on the inheritance, pathophysiology, and treatment of PKD, with a specific emphasis on its effects on the cardiovascular system. Currently, there is no cure for PKD. However, several treatments are available to manage the symptoms and complications of the disease. These treatments include medications to control blood pressure, pain relievers, antibiotics for infections, and dialysis or kidney transplantation for kidney failure. Tolvaptan is the only FDA-approved drug specifically for ADPKD and has been shown to slow disease progression. In addition to summarizing current treatment options, this review will discuss promising future treatments, such as gene therapy and stem cell therapy.展开更多
Craniometaphyseal dysplasia(CMD),a rare craniotubular disorder,occurs in an autosomal dominant(AD)or autosomal recessive(AR)form.CMD is characterized by hyperostosis of craniofacial bones and metaphyseal flaring of lo...Craniometaphyseal dysplasia(CMD),a rare craniotubular disorder,occurs in an autosomal dominant(AD)or autosomal recessive(AR)form.CMD is characterized by hyperostosis of craniofacial bones and metaphyseal flaring of long bones.Many patients with CMD suffer from neurological symptoms.The pathogenesis of CMD is not fully understood.展开更多
Beach groynes are structures for erosion protection along sandy coasts near inlets and can reduce the coastal erosion substantially,but open groynes cannot stop erosion completely because sand can be removed from the ...Beach groynes are structures for erosion protection along sandy coasts near inlets and can reduce the coastal erosion substantially,but open groynes cannot stop erosion completely because sand can be removed from the groyne compartments by cross-shore processes.Beach groynes should be designed with sufficient bypassing of sand to minimise erosion.Regular beach maintenance is required to keep a sufficient beach width for recreational purposes.The effectiveness of groyne compartments can be significantly improved by using T-head groynes or by using a submerged sill or breakwater in between the groynes.An economic evaluation shows that the beach maintenance costs over 50 years may be substantially higher than the construction costs of a submerged breakwater.An important parameter to be studied is the longshore transport,which requires detailed information of the wave climate,preferably based on measured data(offshore buoys)in combination with deep water wave modelling.Various models have been used to determine the net longshore sand transport and coastline changes.The design of groynes to reduce coastal erosion is illustrated by three field cases(Atlantic coast near Soulac,France;Lagos coast,Nigeria and Black Sea coast,Romania).These example cases show that beach groynes are effective structures,but sufficient bypassing of longshore sand transport is essential to minimise erosion.Regular beach fills in the groyne compartments may be required at high-energy(exposed)coasts.A submerged or emerged breakwater can be built between the groynes to protect the beach in the groyne compartments against erosion by cross-shore processes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Fixed esotropia in high myopia,characterized by irreversible inward ocular deviation and abduction limitation,presents unique therapeutic challenges for athletes requiring precise binocular coordination.The...BACKGROUND Fixed esotropia in high myopia,characterized by irreversible inward ocular deviation and abduction limitation,presents unique therapeutic challenges for athletes requiring precise binocular coordination.The combination of Yokoyama surgery and medial rectus muscle recession has been proposed as an advanced technique addresses both myopia-induced globe displacement and muscular imbalance offering potential advantages over conventional strabismus surgery in this population.AIM To investigate the effects of the modified Yokoyama surgery coupled with medial rectus muscle recession in restoring ocular motility and correcting esotropia among athletes with high myopia and fixed esotropia.METHODS A retrospective study analyzed 30 highly myopia athletes(57 eyes)with fixed esotropia treated at our hospital from January 2022 to April 2024.The participants were allocated into two groups based on the surgical method:The traditional group(n=15,29 eyes)received conventional strabismus surgery,and the combined group(n=15,28 eyes)underwent modified Yokoyama surgery in combination with medial rectus muscle recession.Eye movement improvement,esotropia alleviation,and complications were compared preoperatively and at 1,3,and 6 months post-treatment.RESULTS Both surgical groups exhibited similar baseline scores(traditional:-4.04±0.38 vs combined:-4.12±0.45,P>0.05),showing severe preoperative limitations in ocular motility.Following the intervention,the combined group achieved significantly better outcomes at both 1 month(combined:-2.25±0.28 vs traditional:-2.67±0.32)and 3 months(combined:-1.48±0.28 vs traditional:-1.76±0.43),with statistically significant improvements(P<0.05).However,by 6 months,no significant difference was observed between the two groups(combined:-0.93±0.13;traditional:-1.03±0.18;P>0.05).Prior to treatment,all patients in both groups exhibited a compensatory head posture(CHP).Following treatment,the incidence of CHP decreased to 6.67%in the combined group and 20.00%in the traditional group,both reductions being significant compared to pretreatment levels(P<0.05).Nevertheless,the difference in CHP incidence between the two groups after treatment was not significant(P>0.05).The rates of improvement in esotropia showed an increasing trend in both groups at 1 month(46.43%vs 34.48%),3 months(78.57%vs 51.728%),and 6 months(100.00%vs 89.66%)post-treatment.Notably,the combined group had a significantly higher improvement rate than the traditional group at the 3-month follow-up(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in the esotropia improvement rates between the two groups at 1 and 6 months post-treatment(P>0.05).The combined group experienced slightly lower but not significant(combined group:0.00%vs traditional:3.45%)as opposed to the traditional group(3.45%;P>0.05).CONCLUSION The combination of modified Yokoyama surgery and medial rectus muscle recession provides effective and safe approach to improving in eye movement and esotropia in athletes with high myopia and fixed esotropia,offering reliable clinical benefits.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of mating factor recombination on the development of edible mushroom,and explore the possibility for using self-crossing to breed sporeless/low sporing mushroom s...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of mating factor recombination on the development of edible mushroom,and explore the possibility for using self-crossing to breed sporeless/low sporing mushroom strains.[Method] Selecting Agrocybe salicacola strain YAASM0711 as the self-crossing material,six self-crossed combinations were directionally constructed with single spore growth rate as an indicator,to carry out comprehensive analysis of the qualitative traits（color,deformity and growth characteristics）,quantitative traits（shape,yield,size and number of fruit bodies） and mating types of its self-crossed F1 progenies.[Result] After mating factor recombination,self-crossed single spore progenies showed serious genetic differentiation,the average mycelial growth rate and agronomic traits of inbred progenies were lower than those of the parents.The phenotype in fruiting body formation could be divided into normal fruiting and abnormal fruiting（including abnormal fruiting bodies,sporeless or low sporing fruiting bodies,no fruiting）.To be specific,18% self-crossed strains had superior agronomic traits to the parents,which can be used for selecting predominant strains from self-crossed progeny populations based on different breeding purposes.[Conclusion] The genes controlling mycelial growth rate of single spore were linked with mating factors.The mating factor-recombinant single spore strains could be selected according to the correlation between mating type and growth rate.The fruiting result of self-crossed strains indicated that the genes related to sporeless/low sporing development were recessive.Not only genetic materials harboring development-deficient genes in edible mushroom can be obtained by self-crossing,but also the sporeless/low sporing mutant strains with important application prospects can be bred.展开更多
[ Objective] The study was to investigate the agronomic traits and breeding characteristics of genic male sterile material Mian 7AB-4- 2 in Brassica napus. [ Method] The differences in agronomic traits and polymorphis...[ Objective] The study was to investigate the agronomic traits and breeding characteristics of genic male sterile material Mian 7AB-4- 2 in Brassica napus. [ Method] The differences in agronomic traits and polymorphisms in SSR markers, between the genic male sterile material Mian 7AB-4-2 in Brassica napus and its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 were investigated by hybridization and molecular identification; and the percentage of sterile individuals of Mian 7AB-4-2 and of the hybrids with its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 from test cross and back cross were also studled. [ Result] Mian 7AB-4-2 was not significantly different in agronomic traits from its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 at 0.05 probability level. The per- centages of sterile individuals in the pollinated fertile Mian 7AB-4-2 plants were over 60%, and that in its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 was about 25%. In test crosses with other nine sterile lines, Mian 7AB-4-1 kept the percentage of sterile individuals of sterile lines over 90%, and the percentage of sterile individuals from back cross over 80%. With regard to molecular markers, Mian 7AB-4-2 and its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 were different in the band number from SSR primers a2 and E10. [ Conclusion] The results indicate that Mian 7AB-4-2 is helpful for rapeseed breeding, quickening the application of new materials in field breeding.展开更多
InA1As/InGaAs high electron mobility transistors （HEMTs） on an InP substrate with well-balanced cutoff frequency fT and maximum oscillation frequency frnax are reported. An InA1As/InGaAs HEMT with 100-nm gate length...InA1As/InGaAs high electron mobility transistors （HEMTs） on an InP substrate with well-balanced cutoff frequency fT and maximum oscillation frequency frnax are reported. An InA1As/InGaAs HEMT with 100-nm gate length and gate width of 2 × 50 μm shows excellent DC characteristics, including full channel current of 724 mA/mm, extrinsic maximum transconductance gm.max of 1051 mS/mm, and drain-gate breakdown voltage BVDG of 5.92 V. In addition, this device exhibits fT = 249 GHz and fmax = 415 GHz. These results were obtained by fabricating an asymmetrically recessed gate and minimizing the parasitic resistances. The specific Ohmic contact resistance was reduced to 0.031 0.mm. Moreover, the fT obtained in this work is the highest ever reported in 100-nm gate length InA1As/InGaAs InP-based HEMTs. The outstanding gm.max, fT, fmax, and good BVDG make the device suitable for applications in low noise amplifiers, power amplifiers, and high speed circuits.展开更多
Fragrant camphor tree is the city tree of Hangzhou which takes a large proportion of the ancient trees in Hangzhou City. Recently, with the free open of the attractions around the West Lake and the implementation of t...Fragrant camphor tree is the city tree of Hangzhou which takes a large proportion of the ancient trees in Hangzhou City. Recently, with the free open of the attractions around the West Lake and the implementation of the comprehensive pro- ject for protecting the West Lake, a part of ancient fragrant camphor trees are fac- ing problems such as altered living conditons. Some of them are showing a decline in growth vigor or even close to death, which will produce extremely negative influ- ences on the maintaining and sustainable development of the West Lake Scenic Area if without any timely measures for the rescue and rejuvenation of the trees. Therefore, strengthening the protection and management of ancient fragrant camphor trees at the West Lake Scenic Area and carrying out researches on the procedure for diagnosing the reasons for the growth recession of the ancient fragrant camphor trees at the West Lake Scenic Area are of great significance for the future protec- tion and rejuvenation of the ancient trees around the West Lake. The factors influ- encing the growth of ancient trees and indexes for judging the growth condition were listed and the reasons for the growth recession were systematically summa- rized in this paper. In addition, measures for the rejuvenation of the ancient fragrant camphor trees were also simply discussed.展开更多
From the random mating population of maize, the relationship between heterosis and albino seedling was analyzed by means of mathematical theory, further the square logistic model for the appearance of lethal recessive...From the random mating population of maize, the relationship between heterosis and albino seedling was analyzed by means of mathematical theory, further the square logistic model for the appearance of lethal recessive homozygous genotype was deduced. The model shows that heterosis can determine the genetic structure and proportion of population. It approves, that the proportion of aa in each generation of maize seedlings shows a similar Logistic curve in growth process till equilibrium, so long as Aa containins lethal gene a from mutation presents heterosis. The ratio of equilibrium state of aa is determined by the ratio of AA-Aa fitness. Heterosis is helpful for the keeping of genetic diversity of population.展开更多
According to the theory of Chinese veterinary medicine and characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine, four different preparations of compound Chinese medicine ＂Zengrujianniusan＂ were composed, and the prepared wate...According to the theory of Chinese veterinary medicine and characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine, four different preparations of compound Chinese medicine ＂Zengrujianniusan＂ were composed, and the prepared water decoction was used to carry on the bacteriostatic test on main pathogens of cow recessiveness mastitis. The results showed that the four different prescriptions of water decoction all had antibacterial effects. The prescription 3 was sensitive to Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae, while the other three prescriptions showed high sensitivity, and the prescription 3 had the strongest bacteriostatic effects.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the action of mutant gene o2 and its effect on nutritional quality of different maize combinations. [Method] A total of 33 normal maize combinations from 18 inbred lines wer...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the action of mutant gene o2 and its effect on nutritional quality of different maize combinations. [Method] A total of 33 normal maize combinations from 18 inbred lines were compared with 33 combinations including gene o2 from the corresponding o2 near-isogenic lines （o2-NILs）, to study the effect of o2 gene introduction on maize grain quality. [Result] The contents of lysine, protein and oil in o2-NILs were greatly more than that of normal maize combinations. Except for lysine, contents of other 14 amino acids changed when o2 gene was introduced. Contents of aspartic acid, threonine, glycine, isoleucine, histidine, arginine and proline were improved; while contents of serine, glutamic acid, alanine, valine, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine were decreased. Correlation analysis showed that contents of aspartic acid, arginine and threonine had the highest correlation with lysine content. Protein and oil contents had higher correlation with lysine content （0.48 and 0.38）. Analysis of 33 o2-NILs revealed that the o2 combinations CAL58×Ji477and CA156×196 showed high comprehensive quality and high yield with greater development potential. [Conclusion] This study will provide theoretical and material basis for improving the quality of temperate maize germplasm by introducing o2 gene.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91641204).
文摘In the extreme conditions of high altitude,low temperature,low pressure,and high speed,the aircraft engine is prone to flameout and difficult to start secondary ignition,which makes reliable ignition of combustion chamber at high altitude become a worldwide problem.To solve this problem,a kind of multichannel plasma igniter with round cavity is proposed in this paper,the three-channel and five-channel igniters are compared with the traditional ones.The discharge energy of the three igniters was compared based on the electric energy test and the thermal energy test,and ignition experiments was conducted in the simulated high-altitude environment of the component combustion chamber.The results show that the recessed multichannel plasma igniter has higher discharge energy than the conventional spark igniter,which can increase the conversion efficiency of electric energy from 26%to 43%,and the conversion efficiency of thermal energy from 25%to 73%.The recessed multichannel plasma igniter can achieve greater spark penetration depth and excitation area,which both increase with the increase of height.At the same height,the inlet flow helps to increase the penetration depth of the spark.The recessed multichannel plasma igniter can widen the lean ignition boundary,and the maximum enrichment percentage of lean ignition boundary can reach 31%.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFB0400 300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61574110,61574112,and 61474091)
文摘In this work, AlGaN/GaN FinFETs with different fin widths have been successfully fabricated, and the recessed-gate FinFETs are fabricated for comparison. The recessed-gate FinFETs exhibit higher transconductance value and positive shift of threshold voltage. Moreover, with the fin width of the recessed-gate FinFETs increasing, the variations of both threshold voltage and the transconductance increase. Next, transfer characteristics of the recessed-gate FinFETs with different fin widths and recessed-gate depths are simulated by Silvaco software. The relationship between the threshold voltage and the AlGaN layer thickness has been investigated. The simulation results indicate that the slope of threshold voltage variation reduces with the fin width decreasing. Finally, a simplified threshold voltage model for recessed-gate FinFET is established,which agrees with both the experimental results and simulation results.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51177175 and 61274039)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2010CB923200 and 2011CB301903)+4 种基金the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20110171110021)the International Science and Technology Collaboration Program of China(Grant No.2012DFG52260)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2014AA032606)the Science and Technology Plan of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.2013B010401013)the Opened Fund of the State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics,China(Grant No.IOSKL2014KF17)
文摘The influences of dry-etching damage on the electrical properties of an AlGaN/GaN Schottky barrier diode with ICPrecessed anode was investigated for the first time. It was found that the turn-on voltage is decreased with the increase of dry-etching power. Furthermore, the leakage currents in the reverse bias region above pinch-off voltage rise as radio frequency（RF） power increases, while below pinch-off voltage, leakage currents tend to be independent of RF power.Based on detailed current–voltage–temperature（I–V –T） measurements, the barrier height of thermionic-field emission（TFE） from GaN is lowered as RF power increases, which results in early conduction. The increase of leakage current can be explained by Frenkel–Poole（FP） emission that higher dry-etching damage in the sidewall leads to the higher tunneling current, while below pinch-off voltage, the leakage is only related to the AlGaN surface, which is independent of RF power.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.60976060,61176069)the National Key Laboratory of AnalogIntegrated Circuit(NLAIC),China(No.9140C090304110C0905)the State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices,China(No.CXJJ201004)
文摘An integrable silicon-on-insulator （SOl） power lateral MOSFET with a trench gate and a recessed drain （TGRD MOSFET） is proposed to reduce the on-resistance. Both of the trench gate extended to the buried oxide （BOX） and the recessed drain reduce the specific on-resistance （Ron, sp） by widening the vertical conduction area and shortening the extra current path. The trench gate is extended as a field plate improves the electric field distribution. Breakdown voltage （BV） of 97 V and Ron, sp of 0.985 mf2-cm2 （l/os = 5 V） are obtained for a TGRD MOSFET with 6.5/xm half-cell pitch. Compared with the trench gate SOI MOSFET （TG MOSFET） and the conventional MOSFET, Ron＇ sp of the TGRD MOSFET decreases by 46% and 83% at the same BV, respectively. Compared with the SOI MOSFET with a trench gate and a trench drain （TGTD MOSFET）, BV of the TGRD MOSFET increases by 37% at the same Ron,sp.
文摘The 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)for 2030,adopted by all United Nations member states in 2015,are facing a range of challenges.Factors such as climate change,regional conflicts and economic recession are having a significant impact,particularly on global poverty governance.As a platform for dialogue,exchange and technical cooperation,the 2025 International Seminar on Global Poverty Reduction Partnerships was held in Beijing on 10 December 2025.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42101252。
文摘Rapid regional population shifts and spatial polarization have heightened pressure on cultivated land—a critical resource demanding urgent attention amid ongoing urban-rural transition.This study selects Jiangsu province,a national leader in both economic and agricultural development,as a case area to construct a multidimensional framework for assessing the recessive morphological characteristics of multifunctional cultivated land use.We examine temporal dynamics,spatial heterogeneity,and propose an integrated zoning strategy based on empirical analysis.The results reveal that:(1)The recessive morphology index shows a consistent upward trend,with structural breaks in 2007 and 2013,and a spatial shift from“higher in the east and lower in the west”to“higher in the south and lower in the north.”(2)Coordination among sub-dimensions of the index has steadily improved.(3)The index is expected to continue rising in the next decade,though at a slower pace.(4)To promote coordinated multidimensional land-use development,we recommend a policy framework that reinforces existing strengths,addresses weaknesses,and adapts zoning schemes to current spatial conditions.This research offers new insights into multifunctional cultivated land systems and underscores their role in enhancing human well-being,securing food supply,and supporting sustainable urban-rural integration.
文摘GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors （MOSFETs） on AIGaN/GaN heterostructure with a recess gate were fabricated and characterized. The device showed good pinch-off characteristics and a maximum field-effect mobility of 145.2 cm2.V-1.s-1. The effects of etching gas of CI2 and SiCI4 were investigated in the gate recess process. SiCI4-etched devices showed higher channel mobility and lower threshold voltage. Atomic force microscope measurement was done to investigate the etching profile with different etching protection mask. Compared with photoresist, SiO2- masked sample showed lower surface roughness and better profile with stepper sidewall and weaker trenching effect resulting in higher channel mobility in the MOSFET.
基金National Research Foundation Singapore (NRFCRP19-2017-01)Ministry of Education-Singapore (AcRF Tier 1 (2019-T1-002-040 RG147/19 (S))Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology Centre (Low Energy Electronic Systems (LEES) IRG)。
文摘Mechanical strain engineering has been promising for many integrated photonic applications. However,for the engineering of a material electronic bandgap,a trade-off exists between the strain uniformity and the integration compatibility with photonic-integrated circuits (PICs). Herein,we adopted a straightforward recess-type design of a silicon nitride (SiNx) stressor to achieve a uniform strain with enhanced magnitude in the material of interest on PICs. Normal-incidence,uniformly 0.56% tensile strained germanium (Ge)-on-insulator (GOI) metal-semiconductor-metal photodiodes were demonstrated,using the recessed stressor with 750 MPa tensile stress. The device exhibits a responsivity of 1.840.15 A∕W at 1550 nm. The extracted Ge absorption coefficient is enhanced by -3.2×to 8340 cm^(-1) at 1612 nm and is superior to that of In_(0.53)Ga_(0.47)As up to 1630 nm limited by the measurement spectrum. Compared with the nonrecess strained device,additional absorption coefficient improvement of 10%–20% in the C-band and 40%–60% in the L-band was observed. This work facilitates the recessstrained GOI photodiodes for free-space PIC applications and paves the way for various (e.g.,Ge,GeSn or III-V based) uniformly strained photonic devices on PICs.
文摘Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that causes the formation of multiple cysts in the kidneys, leading to kidney failure. PKD is a common condition affecting approximately 1 in 500 individuals worldwide. The most prevalent type of PKD is autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD). ADPKD is caused by mutations in either the PKD1 or PKD2 genes, which encode for proteins involved in cell growth and differentiation. These mutations lead to the formation of fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys, which can eventually lead to kidney failure. In addition to affecting the kidneys, PKD can also cause cysts in other organs, such as the liver, pancreas, and spleen. PKD can also lead to various complications, including high blood pressure, heart valve abnormalities, and brain aneurysms. This review focuses on the inheritance, pathophysiology, and treatment of PKD, with a specific emphasis on its effects on the cardiovascular system. Currently, there is no cure for PKD. However, several treatments are available to manage the symptoms and complications of the disease. These treatments include medications to control blood pressure, pain relievers, antibiotics for infections, and dialysis or kidney transplantation for kidney failure. Tolvaptan is the only FDA-approved drug specifically for ADPKD and has been shown to slow disease progression. In addition to summarizing current treatment options, this review will discuss promising future treatments, such as gene therapy and stem cell therapy.
基金supported by NIH/NIDCR grant R01DE025664 to IPC.
文摘Craniometaphyseal dysplasia(CMD),a rare craniotubular disorder,occurs in an autosomal dominant(AD)or autosomal recessive(AR)form.CMD is characterized by hyperostosis of craniofacial bones and metaphyseal flaring of long bones.Many patients with CMD suffer from neurological symptoms.The pathogenesis of CMD is not fully understood.
文摘Beach groynes are structures for erosion protection along sandy coasts near inlets and can reduce the coastal erosion substantially,but open groynes cannot stop erosion completely because sand can be removed from the groyne compartments by cross-shore processes.Beach groynes should be designed with sufficient bypassing of sand to minimise erosion.Regular beach maintenance is required to keep a sufficient beach width for recreational purposes.The effectiveness of groyne compartments can be significantly improved by using T-head groynes or by using a submerged sill or breakwater in between the groynes.An economic evaluation shows that the beach maintenance costs over 50 years may be substantially higher than the construction costs of a submerged breakwater.An important parameter to be studied is the longshore transport,which requires detailed information of the wave climate,preferably based on measured data(offshore buoys)in combination with deep water wave modelling.Various models have been used to determine the net longshore sand transport and coastline changes.The design of groynes to reduce coastal erosion is illustrated by three field cases(Atlantic coast near Soulac,France;Lagos coast,Nigeria and Black Sea coast,Romania).These example cases show that beach groynes are effective structures,but sufficient bypassing of longshore sand transport is essential to minimise erosion.Regular beach fills in the groyne compartments may be required at high-energy(exposed)coasts.A submerged or emerged breakwater can be built between the groynes to protect the beach in the groyne compartments against erosion by cross-shore processes.
文摘BACKGROUND Fixed esotropia in high myopia,characterized by irreversible inward ocular deviation and abduction limitation,presents unique therapeutic challenges for athletes requiring precise binocular coordination.The combination of Yokoyama surgery and medial rectus muscle recession has been proposed as an advanced technique addresses both myopia-induced globe displacement and muscular imbalance offering potential advantages over conventional strabismus surgery in this population.AIM To investigate the effects of the modified Yokoyama surgery coupled with medial rectus muscle recession in restoring ocular motility and correcting esotropia among athletes with high myopia and fixed esotropia.METHODS A retrospective study analyzed 30 highly myopia athletes(57 eyes)with fixed esotropia treated at our hospital from January 2022 to April 2024.The participants were allocated into two groups based on the surgical method:The traditional group(n=15,29 eyes)received conventional strabismus surgery,and the combined group(n=15,28 eyes)underwent modified Yokoyama surgery in combination with medial rectus muscle recession.Eye movement improvement,esotropia alleviation,and complications were compared preoperatively and at 1,3,and 6 months post-treatment.RESULTS Both surgical groups exhibited similar baseline scores(traditional:-4.04±0.38 vs combined:-4.12±0.45,P>0.05),showing severe preoperative limitations in ocular motility.Following the intervention,the combined group achieved significantly better outcomes at both 1 month(combined:-2.25±0.28 vs traditional:-2.67±0.32)and 3 months(combined:-1.48±0.28 vs traditional:-1.76±0.43),with statistically significant improvements(P<0.05).However,by 6 months,no significant difference was observed between the two groups(combined:-0.93±0.13;traditional:-1.03±0.18;P>0.05).Prior to treatment,all patients in both groups exhibited a compensatory head posture(CHP).Following treatment,the incidence of CHP decreased to 6.67%in the combined group and 20.00%in the traditional group,both reductions being significant compared to pretreatment levels(P<0.05).Nevertheless,the difference in CHP incidence between the two groups after treatment was not significant(P>0.05).The rates of improvement in esotropia showed an increasing trend in both groups at 1 month(46.43%vs 34.48%),3 months(78.57%vs 51.728%),and 6 months(100.00%vs 89.66%)post-treatment.Notably,the combined group had a significantly higher improvement rate than the traditional group at the 3-month follow-up(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in the esotropia improvement rates between the two groups at 1 and 6 months post-treatment(P>0.05).The combined group experienced slightly lower but not significant(combined group:0.00%vs traditional:3.45%)as opposed to the traditional group(3.45%;P>0.05).CONCLUSION The combination of modified Yokoyama surgery and medial rectus muscle recession provides effective and safe approach to improving in eye movement and esotropia in athletes with high myopia and fixed esotropia,offering reliable clinical benefits.
基金Supported by China Agricultural Research System(CARS-24)Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(2011FZ214)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101591)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of mating factor recombination on the development of edible mushroom,and explore the possibility for using self-crossing to breed sporeless/low sporing mushroom strains.[Method] Selecting Agrocybe salicacola strain YAASM0711 as the self-crossing material,six self-crossed combinations were directionally constructed with single spore growth rate as an indicator,to carry out comprehensive analysis of the qualitative traits（color,deformity and growth characteristics）,quantitative traits（shape,yield,size and number of fruit bodies） and mating types of its self-crossed F1 progenies.[Result] After mating factor recombination,self-crossed single spore progenies showed serious genetic differentiation,the average mycelial growth rate and agronomic traits of inbred progenies were lower than those of the parents.The phenotype in fruiting body formation could be divided into normal fruiting and abnormal fruiting（including abnormal fruiting bodies,sporeless or low sporing fruiting bodies,no fruiting）.To be specific,18% self-crossed strains had superior agronomic traits to the parents,which can be used for selecting predominant strains from self-crossed progeny populations based on different breeding purposes.[Conclusion] The genes controlling mycelial growth rate of single spore were linked with mating factors.The mating factor-recombinant single spore strains could be selected according to the correlation between mating type and growth rate.The fruiting result of self-crossed strains indicated that the genes related to sporeless/low sporing development were recessive.Not only genetic materials harboring development-deficient genes in edible mushroom can be obtained by self-crossing,but also the sporeless/low sporing mutant strains with important application prospects can be bred.
基金Supported by National High-tech R&D Program of China(2001AA241104, 2004AA241104)Key Breeding Project of Sichuan Province (200107001-1-6-1, 2006YZGG-5)Key Quality Project of Sichuan Province(2006YZGG-23)~~
文摘[ Objective] The study was to investigate the agronomic traits and breeding characteristics of genic male sterile material Mian 7AB-4- 2 in Brassica napus. [ Method] The differences in agronomic traits and polymorphisms in SSR markers, between the genic male sterile material Mian 7AB-4-2 in Brassica napus and its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 were investigated by hybridization and molecular identification; and the percentage of sterile individuals of Mian 7AB-4-2 and of the hybrids with its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 from test cross and back cross were also studled. [ Result] Mian 7AB-4-2 was not significantly different in agronomic traits from its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 at 0.05 probability level. The per- centages of sterile individuals in the pollinated fertile Mian 7AB-4-2 plants were over 60%, and that in its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 was about 25%. In test crosses with other nine sterile lines, Mian 7AB-4-1 kept the percentage of sterile individuals of sterile lines over 90%, and the percentage of sterile individuals from back cross over 80%. With regard to molecular markers, Mian 7AB-4-2 and its sisterly line Mian 7AB-4-1 were different in the band number from SSR primers a2 and E10. [ Conclusion] The results indicate that Mian 7AB-4-2 is helpful for rapeseed breeding, quickening the application of new materials in field breeding.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2010CB327502)
文摘InA1As/InGaAs high electron mobility transistors （HEMTs） on an InP substrate with well-balanced cutoff frequency fT and maximum oscillation frequency frnax are reported. An InA1As/InGaAs HEMT with 100-nm gate length and gate width of 2 × 50 μm shows excellent DC characteristics, including full channel current of 724 mA/mm, extrinsic maximum transconductance gm.max of 1051 mS/mm, and drain-gate breakdown voltage BVDG of 5.92 V. In addition, this device exhibits fT = 249 GHz and fmax = 415 GHz. These results were obtained by fabricating an asymmetrically recessed gate and minimizing the parasitic resistances. The specific Ohmic contact resistance was reduced to 0.031 0.mm. Moreover, the fT obtained in this work is the highest ever reported in 100-nm gate length InA1As/InGaAs InP-based HEMTs. The outstanding gm.max, fT, fmax, and good BVDG make the device suitable for applications in low noise amplifiers, power amplifiers, and high speed circuits.
基金Supported by the Key Project of Hangzhou Bureau for Gardens and Cultural Relics(2009-003)~~
文摘Fragrant camphor tree is the city tree of Hangzhou which takes a large proportion of the ancient trees in Hangzhou City. Recently, with the free open of the attractions around the West Lake and the implementation of the comprehensive pro- ject for protecting the West Lake, a part of ancient fragrant camphor trees are fac- ing problems such as altered living conditons. Some of them are showing a decline in growth vigor or even close to death, which will produce extremely negative influ- ences on the maintaining and sustainable development of the West Lake Scenic Area if without any timely measures for the rescue and rejuvenation of the trees. Therefore, strengthening the protection and management of ancient fragrant camphor trees at the West Lake Scenic Area and carrying out researches on the procedure for diagnosing the reasons for the growth recession of the ancient fragrant camphor trees at the West Lake Scenic Area are of great significance for the future protec- tion and rejuvenation of the ancient trees around the West Lake. The factors influ- encing the growth of ancient trees and indexes for judging the growth condition were listed and the reasons for the growth recession were systematically summa- rized in this paper. In addition, measures for the rejuvenation of the ancient fragrant camphor trees were also simply discussed.
文摘From the random mating population of maize, the relationship between heterosis and albino seedling was analyzed by means of mathematical theory, further the square logistic model for the appearance of lethal recessive homozygous genotype was deduced. The model shows that heterosis can determine the genetic structure and proportion of population. It approves, that the proportion of aa in each generation of maize seedlings shows a similar Logistic curve in growth process till equilibrium, so long as Aa containins lethal gene a from mutation presents heterosis. The ratio of equilibrium state of aa is determined by the ratio of AA-Aa fitness. Heterosis is helpful for the keeping of genetic diversity of population.
基金Supported by the Scientific and Technological Development Program of Shijiazhuang City(08150132A)~~
文摘According to the theory of Chinese veterinary medicine and characteristics of Chinese herbal medicine, four different preparations of compound Chinese medicine ＂Zengrujianniusan＂ were composed, and the prepared water decoction was used to carry on the bacteriostatic test on main pathogens of cow recessiveness mastitis. The results showed that the four different prescriptions of water decoction all had antibacterial effects. The prescription 3 was sensitive to Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae, while the other three prescriptions showed high sensitivity, and the prescription 3 had the strongest bacteriostatic effects.
基金Supported by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation (6112003)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the action of mutant gene o2 and its effect on nutritional quality of different maize combinations. [Method] A total of 33 normal maize combinations from 18 inbred lines were compared with 33 combinations including gene o2 from the corresponding o2 near-isogenic lines （o2-NILs）, to study the effect of o2 gene introduction on maize grain quality. [Result] The contents of lysine, protein and oil in o2-NILs were greatly more than that of normal maize combinations. Except for lysine, contents of other 14 amino acids changed when o2 gene was introduced. Contents of aspartic acid, threonine, glycine, isoleucine, histidine, arginine and proline were improved; while contents of serine, glutamic acid, alanine, valine, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine were decreased. Correlation analysis showed that contents of aspartic acid, arginine and threonine had the highest correlation with lysine content. Protein and oil contents had higher correlation with lysine content （0.48 and 0.38）. Analysis of 33 o2-NILs revealed that the o2 combinations CAL58×Ji477and CA156×196 showed high comprehensive quality and high yield with greater development potential. [Conclusion] This study will provide theoretical and material basis for improving the quality of temperate maize germplasm by introducing o2 gene.
