In accordance with the regulations as stipulated in the Pro-visions of the Customs of the People’s Republic of China on Ex-ternal Audit, the Customs officers engaged in external audit shalluse the Certificate of Exte...In accordance with the regulations as stipulated in the Pro-visions of the Customs of the People’s Republic of China on Ex-ternal Audit, the Customs officers engaged in external audit shalluse the Certificate of External Audit of the Customs (hereinafterreferred to as Certificate) as of June 5, 1997. The Certificate has ablack leather outer covering and is inlaid inside with a pierced andguilded customs emblem, which consists of the red national em-blem in its upper part, and a key and a truncheon encircled by earsof wheat in its lower part. Put in a leather covering, the Certificateis a card sealed up with plastics, on which there is a bareheadedcolour photo of the holder in the Customs uniform and with a展开更多
There are two different genetic types of recently deposited silts widely distributing in Huaibei Plain of Anhui Province:flooding deposited silt of Yellow River and Huaihe River.These recently deposited silts have the...There are two different genetic types of recently deposited silts widely distributing in Huaibei Plain of Anhui Province:flooding deposited silt of Yellow River and Huaihe River.These recently deposited silts have the following unique characteristics:new formation age,feeble consolidation degree。展开更多
BACKGROUND Little is known about the engagement in hepatitis C virus(HCV)care and completion of HCV treatment in people living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)(PLWH)who have HCV coinfection in the Asia-Pacific r...BACKGROUND Little is known about the engagement in hepatitis C virus(HCV)care and completion of HCV treatment in people living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)(PLWH)who have HCV coinfection in the Asia-Pacific region.Examining the HCV care cascade can identify barriers to the completion of HCV treatment and facilitate achievement of HCV micro-elimination in PLWH.AIM To investigate the care cascade of incident HCV infections among PLWH in Taiwan.METHODS PLWH with incident HCV infections,defined as HCV seroconversion,were retrospectively identified by sequential anti-HCV testing of all archived blood samples at National Taiwan University Hospital between 2011 and 2018.All PLWH with incident HCV infections were followed until December 31,2019.The care cascade of HCV examined included all incident HCV-infected patients,the percentages of anti-HCV antibodies detected by HIV-treating physicians in clinical care,plasma HCV RNA load tested,HCV RNA positivity diagnosed,referral to treatment assessment made,anti-HCV treatment initiated,and sustained virologic response achieved.Those who had HCV seroconversion during the interferon(IFN)era(2011–2016)and the direct-acting antiviral(DAA)era(2017–2018)were analyzed separately.The duration of HCV viremia—from the date of seroconversion to viral clearance by treatments or until the end of observation—and the incidence of sexually transmitted infections(STIs)during the HCV viremic period were estimated.RESULTS During the study period,287 of 3495(8.2%)PLWH(92.3%being men who have sex with men)who were HCV-seronegative at baseline developed HCV seroconversion by retrospective testing of all archived blood samples.Of the 287 incident HCV infections,277(96.5%)had anti-HCV antibodies detected by HIV-treating physicians,270(94.1%)had plasma HCV RNA determined and 251(87.5%)tested positive for HCV RNA.Of those with HCV viremia,226(78.7%)were referred to treatment assessment,215(74.9%)initiated anti-HCV treatment,and 202(70.4%)achieved viral clearance.Compared with that in the IFN era,the median interval from HCV seroconversion by retrospective testing to detection of HCV seropositivity by HIV-treating physicians was significantly shorter in the DAA era{179 d[interquartile range(IQR)87-434]vs 92 d(IQR 57-173);P<0.001}.The incidence rate of STIs in the DAA vs the IFN era was 50.5 per 100 person-years of follow-up(PYFU)and 38.5 per 100 PYFU,respectively,with an incidence rate ratio of 1.31(95%confidence interval 0.96-1.77),while the duration of HCV viremia was 380 d(IQR 274-554)and 735 d(IQR 391-1447)(P<0.001),respectively.CONCLUSION While anti-HCV therapies are effective in achieving viral clearance,our study suggests more efforts are needed to expedite the linkage of PLWH diagnosed with incident HCV infections to HCV treatment.展开更多
IN recent years, a series of environmental problems have attracted wide attention in the world.As environmental changes can result from both the operations of natural factors and human ac-tivities, the international s...IN recent years, a series of environmental problems have attracted wide attention in the world.As environmental changes can result from both the operations of natural factors and human ac-tivities, the international science community has the common opinion that environmental prob-lems should be studied in a broader perspect. In other words, the earth environment should beregarded as an entity that consists of many interactive and interrelated parts. Highlighted展开更多
This study shows that the principle of a recently proposed connnon-path laser interferometer containing a planar grating is nonexistent and apparently caused by a mathematical derivation error. Both p- and s-polarized...This study shows that the principle of a recently proposed connnon-path laser interferometer containing a planar grating is nonexistent and apparently caused by a mathematical derivation error. Both p- and s-polarized beams ill the proposed setup experience once the ＋lst-order diffraction and once the lst-order diffraction by tile grating. As a result, the phase of each beam remains unchanged and the interference fringes formed by the two beams are not expected to move when the grating is translated in the grating vector direction. We perform an experiment to confirm this prediction. Both our analysis and experimental observation cast doubt on the experimental results of the authors who proposed the interferometer.展开更多
Last week, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao headed a delegation to New Zealand, which was part of his South Pacific trip, to discuss trade and a potential free trade area between the two countries. Ahead of the visit, Beiji...Last week, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao headed a delegation to New Zealand, which was part of his South Pacific trip, to discuss trade and a potential free trade area between the two countries. Ahead of the visit, Beijing Review spoke with New Zealand Ambassador to China Tony Browne on his country's trade relationship with China.展开更多
在外研社高中英语第七册(山东省专用)第五单元<<Ethnic Culture>>阅读课文中,有这样一句话:'For example,it is the women who run Naxi Society,and until recently,Naxi women inherited all property.'课文附录...在外研社高中英语第七册(山东省专用)第五单元<<Ethnic Culture>>阅读课文中,有这样一句话:'For example,it is the women who run Naxi Society,and until recently,Naxi women inherited all property.'课文附录部分(第133页)对此句的翻译是:展开更多
Anion exchange membrane(AEM),as a kind of key membrane materials,has shown great application potential in many electrochemical fields,and remarkable progress has been made in related research in recent years.In this p...Anion exchange membrane(AEM),as a kind of key membrane materials,has shown great application potential in many electrochemical fields,and remarkable progress has been made in related research in recent years.In this paper,the research status of AEM is reviewed,including its material design,preparation method,performance optimization and application in the fields of hydrogen production by electrolytic water,fuel cell and water treatment.In terms of material design,new polymer skeleton structures are emerging to regulate the stability of ion conduction channels and membranes by introducing specific functional groups or changing the molecular chain structure.The preparation methods have been gradually expanded from the traditional solution casting method to more advanced technologies,such as interfacial polymerization and electrostatic spinning,which effectively improve the microstructure and property uniformity of the film.Performance optimization focuses on improving ion conductivity,reducing membrane swelling rate and enhancing chemical stability,and a variety of modification strategies are developed and applied.Despite the achievements made so far,there are still some challenges,such as the lack of long-term stability in highly alkaline environments.Future research needs to further explore new material systems and preparation processes in order to promote the wide application and sustainable development of AEM technology in energy,environmental protection and other fields.展开更多
Early intervention for sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL)in childhood is crucial for auditory and language development.In recent years,innovative auditory stimulation techniques and speech therapy strategies,such as mid...Early intervention for sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL)in childhood is crucial for auditory and language development.In recent years,innovative auditory stimulation techniques and speech therapy strategies,such as middle ear implants,cochlear implants,auditory brainstem implants,and midbrain implants,have provided new avenues for improving patient outcomes.Additionally,basic research advancements in cell reprogramming and regeneration,stem cell therapy,and targeted drug delivery offer promising approaches to meet the individualized needs of children with SNHL.However,many challenges and unresolved issues remain in the treatment of SNHL.This article comments on the case report,which describes a female pediatric patient with SNHL who underwent foot reflexology which led to the normalization of hearing thresholds.Reflexology is considered to have potential benefits in physical rehabilitation,but its efficacy in hearing restoration requires further scientific validation through rigorous clinical trials and large-scale prospective studies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)recency testing provides data that can be used to monitor the trend of new HIV infections.The effectiveness of using people identified with recent infection to identify part...BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)recency testing provides data that can be used to monitor the trend of new HIV infections.The effectiveness of using people identified with recent infection to identify partners with new HIV infection through partner notification services(PNS)is not well documented.AIM To determine the pooled prevalence of recency testing coverage,recent infection,reclassification(recent to longterm infection)and PNS cascade among newly diagnosed people living with HIV.METHODS PubMed,Cochrane Library and Embase were searched for articles published between January 2018 and November 2024.Studies were included if they reported recency coverage and/or PNS among people newly diagnosed with HIV and used recent infection testing algorithm(RITA).Recency coverage was defined as proportion of people tested using rapid testing for recent infection(RTRI)among those newly diagnosed with HIV.RITA further classifies RTRI results using viral load results(≥1000 copies/mL vs<1000 copies/mL)to confirm recency status.For studies with PNS,we evaluated the cascade:Number of partners elicited,successfully contacted,eligible for HIV testing,tested and HIV diagnosis.PNS effectiveness was measured by proportion of new HIV diagnoses from tested partners.Using random effects models,we computed the pooled estimate of recency outcomes and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS Twenty-five studies from 17-low-and middle-income countries were included.Of 276315 newly diagnosed people living with HIV,79864 underwent RTRI with an overall pooled recency coverage of 87%(95%CI:67-96).The pooled prevalence of RTRI and RITA recency were 12%(95%CI:9-16)and 7%(95%CI:4-10),respectively.Pooled prevalence of RTRI reclassification was 34%(95%CI:22-49).Of the recent cases who agreed to PNS,253 partners were elicited with an estimated elicitation ratio of 1:1.6.Among partners elicited,99%were successfully contacted,75%were eligible for testing,68%tested for HIV,and 15%were diagnosed with HIV.CONCLUSION High recency testing coverage among newly diagnosed individuals demonstrates the feasibility of monitoring new HIV infections in LMIC.While PNS yielded moderate HIV diagnoses,its targeted approach remains a critical strategy for identifying undiagnosed cases.展开更多
An unusual bird is destroying crops and angering farmers in north-eastern Italy:the flamingo.Flamingos are relatively recent arrivals in the area,and have settled into the flooded fields that produce rice in Ferrara P...An unusual bird is destroying crops and angering farmers in north-eastern Italy:the flamingo.Flamingos are relatively recent arrivals in the area,and have settled into the flooded fields that produce rice in Ferrara Province,between Venice and Ravenna.The birds aren't targeting the rice seedlings but use their feet to stir up(搅动)the soil and grab molluscs,algae or insects from the shallow water.These grains of rice are items that have suffered damage.展开更多
The convergence of materials science and biotechnology has catalyzed the development of innovative platforms,including nanotechnology,smart sensors,and supramolecular materials,significantly advancing the progress in ...The convergence of materials science and biotechnology has catalyzed the development of innovative platforms,including nanotechnology,smart sensors,and supramolecular materials,significantly advancing the progress in the field of life sciences[1−7].Among them,supramolecular materials have garnered increasing attention in life sciences owing to their distinctive self-assembly capabilities and intelligent responsiveness[8−12].展开更多
Memory enables organisms to encode,store,and retrieve information essential for interacting with and adapting to a dynamic environment.As an internal representation of the external world,memory serves as a crucial bri...Memory enables organisms to encode,store,and retrieve information essential for interacting with and adapting to a dynamic environment.As an internal representation of the external world,memory serves as a crucial bridge between past experiences and future behaviors.However,the brain continuously forms new memories,raising the question of how new memories are integrated without disrupting previously formed ones.展开更多
BACKGROUND Colonic diverticular bleeding(CDB)is a leading cause of gastrointestinal blee-ding-related hospitalizations in Japan and is increasingly recognized as a signifi-cant burden in the United States.Identifying ...BACKGROUND Colonic diverticular bleeding(CDB)is a leading cause of gastrointestinal blee-ding-related hospitalizations in Japan and is increasingly recognized as a signifi-cant burden in the United States.Identifying the stigmata of a recent hemorrhage(SRH)during colonoscopy enables targeted hemostasis and reduces rebleeding.However,no benchmark exists for an appropriate observation duration,resulting in operator-dependent variation.Short observation periods may lead to missed SRH,whereas unnecessarily prolonged procedures,particularly in older patients,can increase patient burden and limit endoscopy unit availability.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed patients with acute hematochezia who underwent an initial colonoscopy between January 2017 and December 2024 at a Japanese tertiary hospital.The Observation time was measured from scope insertion to SRH detection(excluding therapeutic time)or withdrawal.The primary outcome,the“5%plateau time”,was defined as the point when the proportion of patients newly identified with SRH in each 5-minute interval consistently dropped below 5%.Computed tomography(CT)-based stratified analyses were performed by endoscopists who conducted≥10%of procedures.RESULTS Of the 1039 patients who underwent colonoscopy,845(mean age 77±11 years;64.5%male)were included.Nine board-certified endoscopists performed the procedures.SRH was detected in 286 patients(33.8%),with a median detection time of 19 minutes(interquartile range,12-28 minutes).The overall 5%plateau time was 40 minutes and varied according to the CT findings:40,35,and 30 minutes for no extravasation,right-sided extravasation,and left-sided extravasation,respectively.This time point corresponded to when 80%-90%of SRH cases were detected.De-spite variations in SRH detection rates and observation durations among endoscopists,the 5%plateau time was consistently approximately 40 minutes.CONCLUSION Although it varied according to the CT findings,the overall 5%plateau time was 40 minutes.This offers a practical benchmark for the minimum observation time without SRH detection.展开更多
The development of low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly electrodeposition of metal/alloy films or coatings is presently one of the primary topics for the research community.For this purpose,deep eutecti...The development of low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly electrodeposition of metal/alloy films or coatings is presently one of the primary topics for the research community.For this purpose,deep eutectic solvents(DESs)are valued as electrolytes for their advantages of low operating temperature and wide electrochemical windows.At present,there is large amount of literature on this emerging field,but there are no specialized reviews of these studies.Here,after a brief introduction of DESs’concept and history,we comprehensively reviewed the lastest progress on the metal/alloy electrodeposition in DESs.Additionally,we discussed the key influence factors of the electrodeposition process and analyzed the corresponding mechanisms.Based on these,we emphasized the importance of the establishment of predictive models for dealing with the challenges in large-scale applications.展开更多
Our knowledge of renal cell carcinoma(RCC) is rapidly expanding. For those who diagnose and treat RCC, it is important to understand the new developments. In recent years, many new renal tumors have been described and...Our knowledge of renal cell carcinoma(RCC) is rapidly expanding. For those who diagnose and treat RCC, it is important to understand the new developments. In recent years, many new renal tumors have been described and defined, and our understanding of the biology and clinical correlates of these tumors is changing. Evolving concepts in Xp11 translocation carcinoma, mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma, multilocular cystic clear cell RCC, and carcinoma associated with neuroblastoma are addressed within this review. Tubulocystic carcinoma, thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of kidney, acquired cystic disease-associated RCC, and clear cell papillary RCC are also described. Finally, candidate entities, including RCC with t(6;11) translocation, hybrid oncocytoma/chromophobe RCC, hereditary leiomyomatosis and RCC syndrome, and renal angiomyoadenomatous tumor are reviewed. Knowledge of these new entities is important for diagnosis, treatment and subsequent prognosis. This review provides a targeted summary of new developments in RCC.展开更多
Specific features of tile access patterns can be applied in a cache replacement strategy to a limited distributed high-speed cache for the cloud-based networked geographic information services(NGISs),aiming to adapt t...Specific features of tile access patterns can be applied in a cache replacement strategy to a limited distributed high-speed cache for the cloud-based networked geographic information services(NGISs),aiming to adapt to changes in the access distribution of hotspots.By taking advantage of the spatiotemporal locality,the sequential features in tile access patterns,and the cache reading performance in the burst mode,this article proposes a tile sequence replacement method,which involves structuring a Least Recently Used(LRU)stack into three portions for the different functions in cache replacement and deriving an expression for the temporal locality and popularity of the relevant tile to facilitate the replacement process.Based on the spatial characteristics of both the tiles and the cache burst mode with regard to reading data,the proposed method generates multiple tile sequences to reflect spatiotemporal locality in tile access patterns.Then,we measure the caching value by a technique based on a weighted-based method.This technique draws on the recent access popularity and low caching costs of tile sequences,with the aim of balancing the temporal and spatial localities in tile access.It ranks tile sequences in a replacement queue to adapt to the changes in accessed hotspots while reducing the replacement frequency.Experimental results show that the proposed method effectively improves the hit rate and utilization rate for a limited distributed cache while achieving satisfactory response performance and high throughput for users in an NGIS.Therefore,it can be adapted to handle numerous data access requests in NGISs in a cloud-based environment.展开更多
During the Sino\|American Expedition to Mt. Qomolangma in May 1997, a 41m ice core was recovered from an elevation of 6500m from the northern branch firn basin of the Far East Rongbuk Glacier in Mt. Everest. The ice c...During the Sino\|American Expedition to Mt. Qomolangma in May 1997, a 41m ice core was recovered from an elevation of 6500m from the northern branch firn basin of the Far East Rongbuk Glacier in Mt. Everest. The ice core was dated down to 1814 by counting δ 18 O peaks and referring to the variations of β activity and major ion concentrations. The average annual accumulation is 224mm (ice equivalent). Five cold periods and five warm periods have been reconstructed from the ice core for the last 200 years and the general tendency of climatic change is warming, which is agree with the temperature change in the Northern Hemisphere. Also the climatic records in Far East Rongbuk ice core has good agreement with that in the Guliya ice core. This indicates that the climatic changes are consistent in the northwestern and southern Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau, and the ranges of climatic changes are larger in southern Plateau than that in northwestern Plateau. Though the δ 18 O variations has some negatively correlation with precipitation amount for short time scale, these do not effect δ 18 O changes reflecting temperature for long time scale.展开更多
The recently synthesized first 4d transition-metal oxide-hydride LaSr3NiRuO4H4 with the unusual high H:O ratio surprisingly displays no magnetic order down to 1.8 K. This is in sharp contrast to the similar unusual lo...The recently synthesized first 4d transition-metal oxide-hydride LaSr3NiRuO4H4 with the unusual high H:O ratio surprisingly displays no magnetic order down to 1.8 K. This is in sharp contrast to the similar unusual low-valent Ni^+-Ru^2+ layered oxide LaSrNiRuO4 which has a rather high ferromagnetic(FM) ordering Curie temperature TC^250 K. Using density functional calculations with the aid of crystal field level diagrams and superexchange pictures, we find that the contrasting magnetism is due to the distinct spin-orbital states of the Ru^2+ions(in addition to the common Ni+S = 1/2 state but with a different orbital state): the Ru^2+S = 0 state in LaSr3NiRuO4H4, but the Ru^2+S= 1 state in LaSrNiRuO4. The Ru^2+S = 0 state has the(xy)^2(xz, yz)^4 occupation due to the RuH4O2 octahedral coordination, and then the nonmagnetic Ru2+ions dilute the S= 1/2 Ni^+ sublattice which consequently has a very weak antiferromagnetic superexchange and thus accounts for the presence of no magnetic order down to 1.8 K in LaSr3NiRuO4H4. In strong contrast, the Ru^2+S = 1 state in LaSrNiRuO4 has the(3z^2-r^2)^2(xz, yz)^3(xy)^1 occupation due to the planar square RuO4 coordination, and then the multi-orbital FM superexchange between the S= 1/2 Ni^+ and S= 1 Ru^2+ions gives rise to the high TC in LaSrNiRuO4. This work highlights the importance of spin-orbital states in determining the distinct magnetism.展开更多
文摘In accordance with the regulations as stipulated in the Pro-visions of the Customs of the People’s Republic of China on Ex-ternal Audit, the Customs officers engaged in external audit shalluse the Certificate of External Audit of the Customs (hereinafterreferred to as Certificate) as of June 5, 1997. The Certificate has ablack leather outer covering and is inlaid inside with a pierced andguilded customs emblem, which consists of the red national em-blem in its upper part, and a key and a truncheon encircled by earsof wheat in its lower part. Put in a leather covering, the Certificateis a card sealed up with plastics, on which there is a bareheadedcolour photo of the holder in the Customs uniform and with a
文摘There are two different genetic types of recently deposited silts widely distributing in Huaibei Plain of Anhui Province:flooding deposited silt of Yellow River and Huaihe River.These recently deposited silts have the following unique characteristics:new formation age,feeble consolidation degree。
基金Supported by National Taiwan University Hospital,Taipei,Taiwan,No.NTUH106-003347(to Sun HY).
文摘BACKGROUND Little is known about the engagement in hepatitis C virus(HCV)care and completion of HCV treatment in people living with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)(PLWH)who have HCV coinfection in the Asia-Pacific region.Examining the HCV care cascade can identify barriers to the completion of HCV treatment and facilitate achievement of HCV micro-elimination in PLWH.AIM To investigate the care cascade of incident HCV infections among PLWH in Taiwan.METHODS PLWH with incident HCV infections,defined as HCV seroconversion,were retrospectively identified by sequential anti-HCV testing of all archived blood samples at National Taiwan University Hospital between 2011 and 2018.All PLWH with incident HCV infections were followed until December 31,2019.The care cascade of HCV examined included all incident HCV-infected patients,the percentages of anti-HCV antibodies detected by HIV-treating physicians in clinical care,plasma HCV RNA load tested,HCV RNA positivity diagnosed,referral to treatment assessment made,anti-HCV treatment initiated,and sustained virologic response achieved.Those who had HCV seroconversion during the interferon(IFN)era(2011–2016)and the direct-acting antiviral(DAA)era(2017–2018)were analyzed separately.The duration of HCV viremia—from the date of seroconversion to viral clearance by treatments or until the end of observation—and the incidence of sexually transmitted infections(STIs)during the HCV viremic period were estimated.RESULTS During the study period,287 of 3495(8.2%)PLWH(92.3%being men who have sex with men)who were HCV-seronegative at baseline developed HCV seroconversion by retrospective testing of all archived blood samples.Of the 287 incident HCV infections,277(96.5%)had anti-HCV antibodies detected by HIV-treating physicians,270(94.1%)had plasma HCV RNA determined and 251(87.5%)tested positive for HCV RNA.Of those with HCV viremia,226(78.7%)were referred to treatment assessment,215(74.9%)initiated anti-HCV treatment,and 202(70.4%)achieved viral clearance.Compared with that in the IFN era,the median interval from HCV seroconversion by retrospective testing to detection of HCV seropositivity by HIV-treating physicians was significantly shorter in the DAA era{179 d[interquartile range(IQR)87-434]vs 92 d(IQR 57-173);P<0.001}.The incidence rate of STIs in the DAA vs the IFN era was 50.5 per 100 person-years of follow-up(PYFU)and 38.5 per 100 PYFU,respectively,with an incidence rate ratio of 1.31(95%confidence interval 0.96-1.77),while the duration of HCV viremia was 380 d(IQR 274-554)and 735 d(IQR 391-1447)(P<0.001),respectively.CONCLUSION While anti-HCV therapies are effective in achieving viral clearance,our study suggests more efforts are needed to expedite the linkage of PLWH diagnosed with incident HCV infections to HCV treatment.
文摘IN recent years, a series of environmental problems have attracted wide attention in the world.As environmental changes can result from both the operations of natural factors and human ac-tivities, the international science community has the common opinion that environmental prob-lems should be studied in a broader perspect. In other words, the earth environment should beregarded as an entity that consists of many interactive and interrelated parts. Highlighted
文摘This study shows that the principle of a recently proposed connnon-path laser interferometer containing a planar grating is nonexistent and apparently caused by a mathematical derivation error. Both p- and s-polarized beams ill the proposed setup experience once the ＋lst-order diffraction and once the lst-order diffraction by tile grating. As a result, the phase of each beam remains unchanged and the interference fringes formed by the two beams are not expected to move when the grating is translated in the grating vector direction. We perform an experiment to confirm this prediction. Both our analysis and experimental observation cast doubt on the experimental results of the authors who proposed the interferometer.
文摘Last week, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao headed a delegation to New Zealand, which was part of his South Pacific trip, to discuss trade and a potential free trade area between the two countries. Ahead of the visit, Beijing Review spoke with New Zealand Ambassador to China Tony Browne on his country's trade relationship with China.
文摘在外研社高中英语第七册(山东省专用)第五单元<<Ethnic Culture>>阅读课文中,有这样一句话:'For example,it is the women who run Naxi Society,and until recently,Naxi women inherited all property.'课文附录部分(第133页)对此句的翻译是:
基金“Grassland Talents”of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJYT23030)Technology Breakthrough Engineering Hydrogen Energy Field“Unveiling and Leading”Project(2024KJTW0018)+3 种基金“Steed Plan High Level Talents”of Inner Mongolia University,Carbon neutralization research project(STZX202218)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20107),Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation(2023MS02002)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion(MATEC2024KF011)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1205201).
文摘Anion exchange membrane(AEM),as a kind of key membrane materials,has shown great application potential in many electrochemical fields,and remarkable progress has been made in related research in recent years.In this paper,the research status of AEM is reviewed,including its material design,preparation method,performance optimization and application in the fields of hydrogen production by electrolytic water,fuel cell and water treatment.In terms of material design,new polymer skeleton structures are emerging to regulate the stability of ion conduction channels and membranes by introducing specific functional groups or changing the molecular chain structure.The preparation methods have been gradually expanded from the traditional solution casting method to more advanced technologies,such as interfacial polymerization and electrostatic spinning,which effectively improve the microstructure and property uniformity of the film.Performance optimization focuses on improving ion conductivity,reducing membrane swelling rate and enhancing chemical stability,and a variety of modification strategies are developed and applied.Despite the achievements made so far,there are still some challenges,such as the lack of long-term stability in highly alkaline environments.Future research needs to further explore new material systems and preparation processes in order to promote the wide application and sustainable development of AEM technology in energy,environmental protection and other fields.
文摘Early intervention for sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL)in childhood is crucial for auditory and language development.In recent years,innovative auditory stimulation techniques and speech therapy strategies,such as middle ear implants,cochlear implants,auditory brainstem implants,and midbrain implants,have provided new avenues for improving patient outcomes.Additionally,basic research advancements in cell reprogramming and regeneration,stem cell therapy,and targeted drug delivery offer promising approaches to meet the individualized needs of children with SNHL.However,many challenges and unresolved issues remain in the treatment of SNHL.This article comments on the case report,which describes a female pediatric patient with SNHL who underwent foot reflexology which led to the normalization of hearing thresholds.Reflexology is considered to have potential benefits in physical rehabilitation,but its efficacy in hearing restoration requires further scientific validation through rigorous clinical trials and large-scale prospective studies.
文摘BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)recency testing provides data that can be used to monitor the trend of new HIV infections.The effectiveness of using people identified with recent infection to identify partners with new HIV infection through partner notification services(PNS)is not well documented.AIM To determine the pooled prevalence of recency testing coverage,recent infection,reclassification(recent to longterm infection)and PNS cascade among newly diagnosed people living with HIV.METHODS PubMed,Cochrane Library and Embase were searched for articles published between January 2018 and November 2024.Studies were included if they reported recency coverage and/or PNS among people newly diagnosed with HIV and used recent infection testing algorithm(RITA).Recency coverage was defined as proportion of people tested using rapid testing for recent infection(RTRI)among those newly diagnosed with HIV.RITA further classifies RTRI results using viral load results(≥1000 copies/mL vs<1000 copies/mL)to confirm recency status.For studies with PNS,we evaluated the cascade:Number of partners elicited,successfully contacted,eligible for HIV testing,tested and HIV diagnosis.PNS effectiveness was measured by proportion of new HIV diagnoses from tested partners.Using random effects models,we computed the pooled estimate of recency outcomes and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).RESULTS Twenty-five studies from 17-low-and middle-income countries were included.Of 276315 newly diagnosed people living with HIV,79864 underwent RTRI with an overall pooled recency coverage of 87%(95%CI:67-96).The pooled prevalence of RTRI and RITA recency were 12%(95%CI:9-16)and 7%(95%CI:4-10),respectively.Pooled prevalence of RTRI reclassification was 34%(95%CI:22-49).Of the recent cases who agreed to PNS,253 partners were elicited with an estimated elicitation ratio of 1:1.6.Among partners elicited,99%were successfully contacted,75%were eligible for testing,68%tested for HIV,and 15%were diagnosed with HIV.CONCLUSION High recency testing coverage among newly diagnosed individuals demonstrates the feasibility of monitoring new HIV infections in LMIC.While PNS yielded moderate HIV diagnoses,its targeted approach remains a critical strategy for identifying undiagnosed cases.
文摘An unusual bird is destroying crops and angering farmers in north-eastern Italy:the flamingo.Flamingos are relatively recent arrivals in the area,and have settled into the flooded fields that produce rice in Ferrara Province,between Venice and Ravenna.The birds aren't targeting the rice seedlings but use their feet to stir up(搅动)the soil and grab molluscs,algae or insects from the shallow water.These grains of rice are items that have suffered damage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22101043)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2205013,N232410019,N2405013)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2023-MSBA-068)the Opening Fund of State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing(SKLHOP202203006)the Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids,Ministry of Education(FMS2023005)Northeastern University。
文摘The convergence of materials science and biotechnology has catalyzed the development of innovative platforms,including nanotechnology,smart sensors,and supramolecular materials,significantly advancing the progress in the field of life sciences[1−7].Among them,supramolecular materials have garnered increasing attention in life sciences owing to their distinctive self-assembly capabilities and intelligent responsiveness[8−12].
文摘Memory enables organisms to encode,store,and retrieve information essential for interacting with and adapting to a dynamic environment.As an internal representation of the external world,memory serves as a crucial bridge between past experiences and future behaviors.However,the brain continuously forms new memories,raising the question of how new memories are integrated without disrupting previously formed ones.
文摘BACKGROUND Colonic diverticular bleeding(CDB)is a leading cause of gastrointestinal blee-ding-related hospitalizations in Japan and is increasingly recognized as a signifi-cant burden in the United States.Identifying the stigmata of a recent hemorrhage(SRH)during colonoscopy enables targeted hemostasis and reduces rebleeding.However,no benchmark exists for an appropriate observation duration,resulting in operator-dependent variation.Short observation periods may lead to missed SRH,whereas unnecessarily prolonged procedures,particularly in older patients,can increase patient burden and limit endoscopy unit availability.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed patients with acute hematochezia who underwent an initial colonoscopy between January 2017 and December 2024 at a Japanese tertiary hospital.The Observation time was measured from scope insertion to SRH detection(excluding therapeutic time)or withdrawal.The primary outcome,the“5%plateau time”,was defined as the point when the proportion of patients newly identified with SRH in each 5-minute interval consistently dropped below 5%.Computed tomography(CT)-based stratified analyses were performed by endoscopists who conducted≥10%of procedures.RESULTS Of the 1039 patients who underwent colonoscopy,845(mean age 77±11 years;64.5%male)were included.Nine board-certified endoscopists performed the procedures.SRH was detected in 286 patients(33.8%),with a median detection time of 19 minutes(interquartile range,12-28 minutes).The overall 5%plateau time was 40 minutes and varied according to the CT findings:40,35,and 30 minutes for no extravasation,right-sided extravasation,and left-sided extravasation,respectively.This time point corresponded to when 80%-90%of SRH cases were detected.De-spite variations in SRH detection rates and observation durations among endoscopists,the 5%plateau time was consistently approximately 40 minutes.CONCLUSION Although it varied according to the CT findings,the overall 5%plateau time was 40 minutes.This offers a practical benchmark for the minimum observation time without SRH detection.
基金financially supported from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52274291,52204305)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars,China(No.1740011182102).
文摘The development of low-energy consumption and environmentally friendly electrodeposition of metal/alloy films or coatings is presently one of the primary topics for the research community.For this purpose,deep eutectic solvents(DESs)are valued as electrolytes for their advantages of low operating temperature and wide electrochemical windows.At present,there is large amount of literature on this emerging field,but there are no specialized reviews of these studies.Here,after a brief introduction of DESs’concept and history,we comprehensively reviewed the lastest progress on the metal/alloy electrodeposition in DESs.Additionally,we discussed the key influence factors of the electrodeposition process and analyzed the corresponding mechanisms.Based on these,we emphasized the importance of the establishment of predictive models for dealing with the challenges in large-scale applications.
文摘Our knowledge of renal cell carcinoma(RCC) is rapidly expanding. For those who diagnose and treat RCC, it is important to understand the new developments. In recent years, many new renal tumors have been described and defined, and our understanding of the biology and clinical correlates of these tumors is changing. Evolving concepts in Xp11 translocation carcinoma, mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma, multilocular cystic clear cell RCC, and carcinoma associated with neuroblastoma are addressed within this review. Tubulocystic carcinoma, thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of kidney, acquired cystic disease-associated RCC, and clear cell papillary RCC are also described. Finally, candidate entities, including RCC with t(6;11) translocation, hybrid oncocytoma/chromophobe RCC, hereditary leiomyomatosis and RCC syndrome, and renal angiomyoadenomatous tumor are reviewed. Knowledge of these new entities is important for diagnosis, treatment and subsequent prognosis. This review provides a targeted summary of new developments in RCC.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41371370]the National Basic Research Program of China[grant number 2012CB719906].
文摘Specific features of tile access patterns can be applied in a cache replacement strategy to a limited distributed high-speed cache for the cloud-based networked geographic information services(NGISs),aiming to adapt to changes in the access distribution of hotspots.By taking advantage of the spatiotemporal locality,the sequential features in tile access patterns,and the cache reading performance in the burst mode,this article proposes a tile sequence replacement method,which involves structuring a Least Recently Used(LRU)stack into three portions for the different functions in cache replacement and deriving an expression for the temporal locality and popularity of the relevant tile to facilitate the replacement process.Based on the spatial characteristics of both the tiles and the cache burst mode with regard to reading data,the proposed method generates multiple tile sequences to reflect spatiotemporal locality in tile access patterns.Then,we measure the caching value by a technique based on a weighted-based method.This technique draws on the recent access popularity and low caching costs of tile sequences,with the aim of balancing the temporal and spatial localities in tile access.It ranks tile sequences in a replacement queue to adapt to the changes in accessed hotspots while reducing the replacement frequency.Experimental results show that the proposed method effectively improves the hit rate and utilization rate for a limited distributed cache while achieving satisfactory response performance and high throughput for users in an NGIS.Therefore,it can be adapted to handle numerous data access requests in NGISs in a cloud-based environment.
文摘During the Sino\|American Expedition to Mt. Qomolangma in May 1997, a 41m ice core was recovered from an elevation of 6500m from the northern branch firn basin of the Far East Rongbuk Glacier in Mt. Everest. The ice core was dated down to 1814 by counting δ 18 O peaks and referring to the variations of β activity and major ion concentrations. The average annual accumulation is 224mm (ice equivalent). Five cold periods and five warm periods have been reconstructed from the ice core for the last 200 years and the general tendency of climatic change is warming, which is agree with the temperature change in the Northern Hemisphere. Also the climatic records in Far East Rongbuk ice core has good agreement with that in the Guliya ice core. This indicates that the climatic changes are consistent in the northwestern and southern Qinghai—Tibetan Plateau, and the ranges of climatic changes are larger in southern Plateau than that in northwestern Plateau. Though the δ 18 O variations has some negatively correlation with precipitation amount for short time scale, these do not effect δ 18 O changes reflecting temperature for long time scale.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11674064 and 11474059the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No 2016YFA0300700
文摘The recently synthesized first 4d transition-metal oxide-hydride LaSr3NiRuO4H4 with the unusual high H:O ratio surprisingly displays no magnetic order down to 1.8 K. This is in sharp contrast to the similar unusual low-valent Ni^+-Ru^2+ layered oxide LaSrNiRuO4 which has a rather high ferromagnetic(FM) ordering Curie temperature TC^250 K. Using density functional calculations with the aid of crystal field level diagrams and superexchange pictures, we find that the contrasting magnetism is due to the distinct spin-orbital states of the Ru^2+ions(in addition to the common Ni+S = 1/2 state but with a different orbital state): the Ru^2+S = 0 state in LaSr3NiRuO4H4, but the Ru^2+S= 1 state in LaSrNiRuO4. The Ru^2+S = 0 state has the(xy)^2(xz, yz)^4 occupation due to the RuH4O2 octahedral coordination, and then the nonmagnetic Ru2+ions dilute the S= 1/2 Ni^+ sublattice which consequently has a very weak antiferromagnetic superexchange and thus accounts for the presence of no magnetic order down to 1.8 K in LaSr3NiRuO4H4. In strong contrast, the Ru^2+S = 1 state in LaSrNiRuO4 has the(3z^2-r^2)^2(xz, yz)^3(xy)^1 occupation due to the planar square RuO4 coordination, and then the multi-orbital FM superexchange between the S= 1/2 Ni^+ and S= 1 Ru^2+ions gives rise to the high TC in LaSrNiRuO4. This work highlights the importance of spin-orbital states in determining the distinct magnetism.
