Observational analyses and convection-permitting simulations are conducted to study an extreme event of damaging surface winds within a bow-shaped squall line over South China.Prevailing explanations for the formation...Observational analyses and convection-permitting simulations are conducted to study an extreme event of damaging surface winds within a bow-shaped squall line over South China.Prevailing explanations for the formation of damaging surface winds were applied to investigate the detailed processes at the mature stage of a squall line in a complicated real-world scenario.It is shown that environmental vertical wind shear was adequately strong to cause a shearing vorticity,and the shearing vorticity was comparable to the baroclinic vorticity by a cold pool.The balance led to strong upward motions at the leading edge of the squall line and brought plenty of rainfall.The descending rainfall cooled the surrounding air and entrained the upper-level cold air downward to the lower level,strengthening the cold pool by excessive evaporation and melting.The cold pool accelerated the propagation speed of the squall line and caused extensive wind damage at the surface.Meanwhile,the horizontal vortex lines at the leading edge of the cold pool were lifted by frontal updrafts and tilted to form the anti-cyclonic vortex at the middle level.This maintained and intensified the rearinflow jet behind the apex of bow echo in association with a notable midlevel pressure gradient.The rear-inflow jet was then transported downward to the surface by descending condensate,leading to damaging winds there.Other factors,such as environmental flows,however,contributed less to the damaging surface winds.展开更多
对2014年3月31日广东省一次飑线过程进行了观测资料分析和数值模拟研究。观测资料分析表明:飑线发生在强低空垂直风切变和"上干下湿"的水汽垂直分布的环境条件下。在强盛阶段,飑线上的对流单体多表现为强降水超级单体,有明显...对2014年3月31日广东省一次飑线过程进行了观测资料分析和数值模拟研究。观测资料分析表明:飑线发生在强低空垂直风切变和"上干下湿"的水汽垂直分布的环境条件下。在强盛阶段,飑线上的对流单体多表现为强降水超级单体,有明显的有界弱回波区(BWER)和回波悬垂结构。飑线前沿有明显阵风锋,后侧有弱回波通道,弱回波通道和后侧入流急流(RIJ)相对应,RIJ维持时间较长,对"弓"形回波的形成、地面大风、飑线的维持和快速移动具有重要的作用。模式输出的高分辨率资料分析表明:在减弱阶段飑线移入残留的冷池中,冷池得到加强,此时西南暖湿气流加强,飑线二次发展。成熟飑线的三维结构表现为低层为2支入流、高层为2支出流,且前侧出流速度较快,使得气流倾斜上升,容易形成悬挂回波和弱回波区(WER)。后侧入流下部(600 h Pa高度层以下)的辐散下沉气流是地面大风形成的原因。对流两侧的"涡旋串"(Vortex bunch)对冷暖空气加速入流、对流发展强度和高度以及对流的长时间维持有很大的作用。展开更多
基金Research(2020B0301030004)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42275002)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0890)Scientific and Technological Project of Chongqing Meteorological Service(YWJSGG-202124)Key Innovation Team of China Meteorological Administration(CMA2022ZD09)Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(SML2023SP209)。
文摘Observational analyses and convection-permitting simulations are conducted to study an extreme event of damaging surface winds within a bow-shaped squall line over South China.Prevailing explanations for the formation of damaging surface winds were applied to investigate the detailed processes at the mature stage of a squall line in a complicated real-world scenario.It is shown that environmental vertical wind shear was adequately strong to cause a shearing vorticity,and the shearing vorticity was comparable to the baroclinic vorticity by a cold pool.The balance led to strong upward motions at the leading edge of the squall line and brought plenty of rainfall.The descending rainfall cooled the surrounding air and entrained the upper-level cold air downward to the lower level,strengthening the cold pool by excessive evaporation and melting.The cold pool accelerated the propagation speed of the squall line and caused extensive wind damage at the surface.Meanwhile,the horizontal vortex lines at the leading edge of the cold pool were lifted by frontal updrafts and tilted to form the anti-cyclonic vortex at the middle level.This maintained and intensified the rearinflow jet behind the apex of bow echo in association with a notable midlevel pressure gradient.The rear-inflow jet was then transported downward to the surface by descending condensate,leading to damaging winds there.Other factors,such as environmental flows,however,contributed less to the damaging surface winds.
文摘对2014年3月31日广东省一次飑线过程进行了观测资料分析和数值模拟研究。观测资料分析表明:飑线发生在强低空垂直风切变和"上干下湿"的水汽垂直分布的环境条件下。在强盛阶段,飑线上的对流单体多表现为强降水超级单体,有明显的有界弱回波区(BWER)和回波悬垂结构。飑线前沿有明显阵风锋,后侧有弱回波通道,弱回波通道和后侧入流急流(RIJ)相对应,RIJ维持时间较长,对"弓"形回波的形成、地面大风、飑线的维持和快速移动具有重要的作用。模式输出的高分辨率资料分析表明:在减弱阶段飑线移入残留的冷池中,冷池得到加强,此时西南暖湿气流加强,飑线二次发展。成熟飑线的三维结构表现为低层为2支入流、高层为2支出流,且前侧出流速度较快,使得气流倾斜上升,容易形成悬挂回波和弱回波区(WER)。后侧入流下部(600 h Pa高度层以下)的辐散下沉气流是地面大风形成的原因。对流两侧的"涡旋串"(Vortex bunch)对冷暖空气加速入流、对流发展强度和高度以及对流的长时间维持有很大的作用。
