In recent years,three-dimensional reconstruction technologies that employ multiple cameras have continued to evolve significantly,enabling remote collaboration among users in extended Reality(XR)environments.In additi...In recent years,three-dimensional reconstruction technologies that employ multiple cameras have continued to evolve significantly,enabling remote collaboration among users in extended Reality(XR)environments.In addition,methods for deploying multiple cameras for motion capture of users(e.g.,performers)are widely used in computer graphics.As the need to minimize and optimize the number of cameras grows to reduce costs,various technologies and research approaches focused on Optimal Camera Placement(OCP)are continually being proposed.However,as most existing studies assume homogeneous camera setups,there is a growing demand for studies on heterogeneous camera setups.For instance,technical demands keep emerging in scenarios with minimal camera configurations,especially regarding cost factors,the physical placement of cameras given the spatial structure,and image capture strategies for heterogeneous cameras,such as high-resolution RGB cameras and depth cameras.In this study,we propose a pre-visualization and simulation method for the optimal placement of heterogeneous cameras in XR environments,accounting for both the specifications of heterogeneous cameras(e.g.,field of view)and the physical configuration(e.g.,wall configuration)in real-world spaces.The proposed method performs a visibility analysis of cameras by considering each camera’s field-of-view volume,resolution,and unique characteristics,along with physicalspace constraints.This approach enables the optimal position and rotation of each camera to be recommended,along with the minimum number of cameras required.In the results of our study conducted in heterogeneous camera combinations,the proposed method achieved 81.7%~82.7%coverage of the target visual information using only 2~3 cameras.In contrast,single(or homogeneous)-typed cameras were required to use 11 cameras for 81.6%coverage.Accordingly,we found that camera deployment resources can be reduced with the proposed approaches.展开更多
BACKGROUND Orthopaedic surgical education has traditionally depended on the apprenticeship model of“see one,do one,teach one”.However,reduced operative exposure,stricter work-hour regulations,medicolegal constraints...BACKGROUND Orthopaedic surgical education has traditionally depended on the apprenticeship model of“see one,do one,teach one”.However,reduced operative exposure,stricter work-hour regulations,medicolegal constraints,and patient safety concerns have constrained its practicality.Simulation-based training has become a reliable,safe,and cost-efficient alternative.Dry lab techniques,especially virtual and augmented reality,make up 78%of current dry lab research,whereas wet labs still set the standard for anatomical realism.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness,limitations,and future directions of wet and dry lab simulation in orthopaedic training.METHODS A scoping review was carried out across four databases-PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and EBSCOhost-up to 2025.Medical Subject Headings included:"Orthopaedic Education","Wet Lab","Dry Lab","Simulation Training","Virtual Reality",and"Surgical Procedure".Eligible studies focused on orthopaedic or spinal surgical education,employed wet or dry lab techniques,and assessed training effectiveness.Exclusion criteria consisted of non-English publications,abstracts only,non-orthopaedic research,and studies unrelated to simulation.Two reviewers independently screened titles,abstracts,and full texts,resolving discrepancies with a third reviewer.RESULTS From 1851 records,101 studies met inclusion:78 on dry labs,7 on wet labs,4 on both.Virtual reality(VR)simulations were most common,with AI increasingly used for feedback and assessment.Cadaveric training remains the gold standard for accuracy and tactile feedback,while dry labs-especially VR-offer scalability,lower cost(40%-60%savings in five studies),and accessibility for novices.Senior residents prefer wet labs for complex tasks;juniors favour dry labs for basics.Challenges include limited transferability data,lack of standard outcome metrics,and ethical concerns about cadaver use and AI assessment.CONCLUSION Wet and dry labs each have unique strengths in orthopaedic training.A hybrid approach combining both,supported by standardised assessments and outcome studies,is most effective.Future efforts should aim for uniform reporting,integrating new technologies,and policy support for hybrid curricula to enhance skills and patient care.展开更多
Conventional surgical teaching techniques face several challenges,highlighting a necessity for ongoing innovation in ophthalmology education to align with the evolving demands of clinical practice.The recent rapid adv...Conventional surgical teaching techniques face several challenges,highlighting a necessity for ongoing innovation in ophthalmology education to align with the evolving demands of clinical practice.The recent rapid advancement of computer technology has enabled the integration of virtual reality(VR)into medical training,thereby revolutionizing ophthalmic surgical education through VRbased educational methods.VR technology offers a safe,risk-free environment for trainees to practice repeatedly,enhancing surgical skills and accelerating the learning curve without compromising patient safety.This research outlines the application of VR technology in ophthalmic surgical skills training,particularly in cataract and vitreoretinal surgery.Including assessing the effectiveness of intraocular surgery training systems,evaluating skills transfer to the operating room,comparing it with wet lab cataract surgery training,and enhancing non-dominant hand training for cataract surgery,among other aspects.Additionally,this paper will identify the limitations of VR technology in ocular surgical skills training,offer improvement strategies,and detail the advantages and prospects,with the objective of guiding subsequent researchers.展开更多
The paper describes the feasibility and method of the application of virtual reality technology to grinding process, and introduces the modeling method of object entity in the environment of virtual reality. The simul...The paper describes the feasibility and method of the application of virtual reality technology to grinding process, and introduces the modeling method of object entity in the environment of virtual reality. The simulation process of grinding wheels and ground surface roughness is discussed, and the computation program system of numerical simulation is compiled with Visual C++ programming language. At the same time, the three-dimensional simulation models of grinding wheels and ground surface roughness are made with OpenGL tool. The choice of grinding wheels, the forecast of ground surface quality and some simulation results can be realized by interactively inputting grinding parameters. The paper applies virtual reality technology to grinding process,makes the model of virtual grinding wheel and simulates the grinding process. The roughness of ground surface is showed in three-dimensional images, and therefore the grinding technology is studied. Computer simulation can not only be used as a shortcut to analyze and research the grinding process, but also increase the research scope and content. The virtual reality technology used in the paper is an advanced visualized simulation with interaction. The surface roughness Ra on simulated ground workpiece can be calculated by the arithmetic average of contour warp absolute value in sampling length of simulated ground workpiece. The parameters of virtual wheel and simulated grinding process can be changed by interaction input, so the simulated results in the desired grinding condition are gained. The effect of each parameter to ground surface can be analyzed by comparing the grinding results in different condition.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is the study of algorithms that enable machines to analyze and execute cognitive activities including problem solving,object and word recognition,reduce the inevitable errors to improve the ...Artificial intelligence(AI)is the study of algorithms that enable machines to analyze and execute cognitive activities including problem solving,object and word recognition,reduce the inevitable errors to improve the diagnostic accuracy,and decision-making.Hepatobiliary procedures are technically complex and the use of AI in perioperative management can improve patient outcomes as discussed below.Three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction of images obtained via ultrasound,computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging,can help surgeons better visualize the surgical sites with added depth perception.Preoperative 3D planning is associated with lesser operative time and intraoperative complications.Also,a more accurate assessment is noted,which leads to fewer operative complications.Images can be converted into physical models with 3D printing technology,which can be of educational value to students and trainees.3D images can be combined to provide 3D visualization,which is used for preoperative navigation,allowing for more precise localization of tumors and vessels.Nevertheless,AI enables surgeons to provide better,personalized care for each patient.展开更多
US Vice President Al Gore's vision of Digital Earth applies us with prospects for brand-new ways of solving problems the earth is facing such as seismic disaster. ms paper first briefly introduces the concept of ...US Vice President Al Gore's vision of Digital Earth applies us with prospects for brand-new ways of solving problems the earth is facing such as seismic disaster. ms paper first briefly introduces the concept of Digital Earth. Then in the context of Digital Earth. the Origin, concept and application of Virtual Reality technology are reviewed. After that we present in detail our preliminary case study--CVR-USD (Computer Virtual Reality for Urban Seismic Disaster Simulation) System which aims to simulate and manage seismic disaster through integrating RS, GIS and VR technologies. For this system, we've built USD subsystem, developed SMVR software to implement CVR. and also developed a Spatial Dare Analysis Package to handle spatial data related to earthquake disaster.展开更多
Objective:Training young physicians in gastrointestinal endoscopy through virtual reality(VR)simulators has become popular.It is important to evaluate the benefits and usefulness of this technology for teaching endosc...Objective:Training young physicians in gastrointestinal endoscopy through virtual reality(VR)simulators has become popular.It is important to evaluate the benefits and usefulness of this technology for teaching endoscopic skills.The objective of this literature review is to understand the benefits of VR technology through quantitative and qualitative examination of learning outcomes.Methods:A literature search of 7 databases was conducted.Studies which compared the effects of learning through VR simulation and another method of learning were included.In addition,studies were included if they evaluated learning outcomes on clinical patients.Participants could be medical residents,fellows,physicians,or nurses.Common outcomes measured across studies included subjective overall performance scores,total procedure times,rate of successful procedure completion,error rates,patient pain or discomfort,and measures of independence.Results:A total of 22 studies were included.Overall,VR simulation training was seen to be comparable or significantly better than clinical training,no training,other types of simulation,and another form of VR training.Many authors reported increasing patient safety,reducing stress and time constraints,and shortening the learning curve as advantages of VR simulation training.However,this form of training is also expensive and may result in the learning of bad habits.Conclusion:VR simulation technology can be a valuable form of educating endoscopy novices if properly supervised during training,and if there is also integration of clinical training.展开更多
This article provides new insights regarding driver behavior, techniques and adaptability. This study has been done because: 1) driving a vehicle is critical and one of the most common daily tasks;2) simulators are us...This article provides new insights regarding driver behavior, techniques and adaptability. This study has been done because: 1) driving a vehicle is critical and one of the most common daily tasks;2) simulators are used for the purpose of training and researching driver behavior and characteristics;3) the article addresses driver experience by involving new virtual reality technologies. A simulator has been used to assist novice drivers to learn how to drive in a very safe environment, and researching and collecting data for researchers has become easier due to this secure and user-friendly environment. The theoretical framework of this driving simulation has been designed by using the Unity3D game engine (5.4.f3 version) and was programmed with the C# programming language. To make the driving environment more realistic we, in addition, utilized the HTC Vive Virtual reality headset which is powered by Steamvr. We used Unity Game Engine to design our scenarios and maps because by doing this we are able to be more flexible with designing. In this study, we asked 10 people ranging from ages 19 - 37 to participate in this experiment. Four Japanese divers and six non-Japanese drivers engaged in this study, some of which do not have a driver’s license in Japan. A few Japanese drivers have a license and car, while others have a license but no car. In order to analyze the results of this experiment we are used MatlabR2016b to analyze the gathered data. The result of this research indicates that individual’s behavior and characteristics such as controlling the speed, remaining calm and relaxed when driving, driving at appropriate speeds depending on changes in road structures and etc. can affect their driving performance.展开更多
基金supported by the 2024 Research Fund of University of Ulsan.
文摘In recent years,three-dimensional reconstruction technologies that employ multiple cameras have continued to evolve significantly,enabling remote collaboration among users in extended Reality(XR)environments.In addition,methods for deploying multiple cameras for motion capture of users(e.g.,performers)are widely used in computer graphics.As the need to minimize and optimize the number of cameras grows to reduce costs,various technologies and research approaches focused on Optimal Camera Placement(OCP)are continually being proposed.However,as most existing studies assume homogeneous camera setups,there is a growing demand for studies on heterogeneous camera setups.For instance,technical demands keep emerging in scenarios with minimal camera configurations,especially regarding cost factors,the physical placement of cameras given the spatial structure,and image capture strategies for heterogeneous cameras,such as high-resolution RGB cameras and depth cameras.In this study,we propose a pre-visualization and simulation method for the optimal placement of heterogeneous cameras in XR environments,accounting for both the specifications of heterogeneous cameras(e.g.,field of view)and the physical configuration(e.g.,wall configuration)in real-world spaces.The proposed method performs a visibility analysis of cameras by considering each camera’s field-of-view volume,resolution,and unique characteristics,along with physicalspace constraints.This approach enables the optimal position and rotation of each camera to be recommended,along with the minimum number of cameras required.In the results of our study conducted in heterogeneous camera combinations,the proposed method achieved 81.7%~82.7%coverage of the target visual information using only 2~3 cameras.In contrast,single(or homogeneous)-typed cameras were required to use 11 cameras for 81.6%coverage.Accordingly,we found that camera deployment resources can be reduced with the proposed approaches.
文摘BACKGROUND Orthopaedic surgical education has traditionally depended on the apprenticeship model of“see one,do one,teach one”.However,reduced operative exposure,stricter work-hour regulations,medicolegal constraints,and patient safety concerns have constrained its practicality.Simulation-based training has become a reliable,safe,and cost-efficient alternative.Dry lab techniques,especially virtual and augmented reality,make up 78%of current dry lab research,whereas wet labs still set the standard for anatomical realism.AIM To evaluate the effectiveness,limitations,and future directions of wet and dry lab simulation in orthopaedic training.METHODS A scoping review was carried out across four databases-PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and EBSCOhost-up to 2025.Medical Subject Headings included:"Orthopaedic Education","Wet Lab","Dry Lab","Simulation Training","Virtual Reality",and"Surgical Procedure".Eligible studies focused on orthopaedic or spinal surgical education,employed wet or dry lab techniques,and assessed training effectiveness.Exclusion criteria consisted of non-English publications,abstracts only,non-orthopaedic research,and studies unrelated to simulation.Two reviewers independently screened titles,abstracts,and full texts,resolving discrepancies with a third reviewer.RESULTS From 1851 records,101 studies met inclusion:78 on dry labs,7 on wet labs,4 on both.Virtual reality(VR)simulations were most common,with AI increasingly used for feedback and assessment.Cadaveric training remains the gold standard for accuracy and tactile feedback,while dry labs-especially VR-offer scalability,lower cost(40%-60%savings in five studies),and accessibility for novices.Senior residents prefer wet labs for complex tasks;juniors favour dry labs for basics.Challenges include limited transferability data,lack of standard outcome metrics,and ethical concerns about cadaver use and AI assessment.CONCLUSION Wet and dry labs each have unique strengths in orthopaedic training.A hybrid approach combining both,supported by standardised assessments and outcome studies,is most effective.Future efforts should aim for uniform reporting,integrating new technologies,and policy support for hybrid curricula to enhance skills and patient care.
基金Supported by the Key Special Project of“Cutting-Edge Biotechnology”in the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFC3406200)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(No.SZSM202411007)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20240813152704006).
文摘Conventional surgical teaching techniques face several challenges,highlighting a necessity for ongoing innovation in ophthalmology education to align with the evolving demands of clinical practice.The recent rapid advancement of computer technology has enabled the integration of virtual reality(VR)into medical training,thereby revolutionizing ophthalmic surgical education through VRbased educational methods.VR technology offers a safe,risk-free environment for trainees to practice repeatedly,enhancing surgical skills and accelerating the learning curve without compromising patient safety.This research outlines the application of VR technology in ophthalmic surgical skills training,particularly in cataract and vitreoretinal surgery.Including assessing the effectiveness of intraocular surgery training systems,evaluating skills transfer to the operating room,comparing it with wet lab cataract surgery training,and enhancing non-dominant hand training for cataract surgery,among other aspects.Additionally,this paper will identify the limitations of VR technology in ocular surgical skills training,offer improvement strategies,and detail the advantages and prospects,with the objective of guiding subsequent researchers.
文摘The paper describes the feasibility and method of the application of virtual reality technology to grinding process, and introduces the modeling method of object entity in the environment of virtual reality. The simulation process of grinding wheels and ground surface roughness is discussed, and the computation program system of numerical simulation is compiled with Visual C++ programming language. At the same time, the three-dimensional simulation models of grinding wheels and ground surface roughness are made with OpenGL tool. The choice of grinding wheels, the forecast of ground surface quality and some simulation results can be realized by interactively inputting grinding parameters. The paper applies virtual reality technology to grinding process,makes the model of virtual grinding wheel and simulates the grinding process. The roughness of ground surface is showed in three-dimensional images, and therefore the grinding technology is studied. Computer simulation can not only be used as a shortcut to analyze and research the grinding process, but also increase the research scope and content. The virtual reality technology used in the paper is an advanced visualized simulation with interaction. The surface roughness Ra on simulated ground workpiece can be calculated by the arithmetic average of contour warp absolute value in sampling length of simulated ground workpiece. The parameters of virtual wheel and simulated grinding process can be changed by interaction input, so the simulated results in the desired grinding condition are gained. The effect of each parameter to ground surface can be analyzed by comparing the grinding results in different condition.
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)is the study of algorithms that enable machines to analyze and execute cognitive activities including problem solving,object and word recognition,reduce the inevitable errors to improve the diagnostic accuracy,and decision-making.Hepatobiliary procedures are technically complex and the use of AI in perioperative management can improve patient outcomes as discussed below.Three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction of images obtained via ultrasound,computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging,can help surgeons better visualize the surgical sites with added depth perception.Preoperative 3D planning is associated with lesser operative time and intraoperative complications.Also,a more accurate assessment is noted,which leads to fewer operative complications.Images can be converted into physical models with 3D printing technology,which can be of educational value to students and trainees.3D images can be combined to provide 3D visualization,which is used for preoperative navigation,allowing for more precise localization of tumors and vessels.Nevertheless,AI enables surgeons to provide better,personalized care for each patient.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)!project No. 69896250 Basic Research Project of CAS !project No. KJ951-B1
文摘US Vice President Al Gore's vision of Digital Earth applies us with prospects for brand-new ways of solving problems the earth is facing such as seismic disaster. ms paper first briefly introduces the concept of Digital Earth. Then in the context of Digital Earth. the Origin, concept and application of Virtual Reality technology are reviewed. After that we present in detail our preliminary case study--CVR-USD (Computer Virtual Reality for Urban Seismic Disaster Simulation) System which aims to simulate and manage seismic disaster through integrating RS, GIS and VR technologies. For this system, we've built USD subsystem, developed SMVR software to implement CVR. and also developed a Spatial Dare Analysis Package to handle spatial data related to earthquake disaster.
文摘Objective:Training young physicians in gastrointestinal endoscopy through virtual reality(VR)simulators has become popular.It is important to evaluate the benefits and usefulness of this technology for teaching endoscopic skills.The objective of this literature review is to understand the benefits of VR technology through quantitative and qualitative examination of learning outcomes.Methods:A literature search of 7 databases was conducted.Studies which compared the effects of learning through VR simulation and another method of learning were included.In addition,studies were included if they evaluated learning outcomes on clinical patients.Participants could be medical residents,fellows,physicians,or nurses.Common outcomes measured across studies included subjective overall performance scores,total procedure times,rate of successful procedure completion,error rates,patient pain or discomfort,and measures of independence.Results:A total of 22 studies were included.Overall,VR simulation training was seen to be comparable or significantly better than clinical training,no training,other types of simulation,and another form of VR training.Many authors reported increasing patient safety,reducing stress and time constraints,and shortening the learning curve as advantages of VR simulation training.However,this form of training is also expensive and may result in the learning of bad habits.Conclusion:VR simulation technology can be a valuable form of educating endoscopy novices if properly supervised during training,and if there is also integration of clinical training.
文摘This article provides new insights regarding driver behavior, techniques and adaptability. This study has been done because: 1) driving a vehicle is critical and one of the most common daily tasks;2) simulators are used for the purpose of training and researching driver behavior and characteristics;3) the article addresses driver experience by involving new virtual reality technologies. A simulator has been used to assist novice drivers to learn how to drive in a very safe environment, and researching and collecting data for researchers has become easier due to this secure and user-friendly environment. The theoretical framework of this driving simulation has been designed by using the Unity3D game engine (5.4.f3 version) and was programmed with the C# programming language. To make the driving environment more realistic we, in addition, utilized the HTC Vive Virtual reality headset which is powered by Steamvr. We used Unity Game Engine to design our scenarios and maps because by doing this we are able to be more flexible with designing. In this study, we asked 10 people ranging from ages 19 - 37 to participate in this experiment. Four Japanese divers and six non-Japanese drivers engaged in this study, some of which do not have a driver’s license in Japan. A few Japanese drivers have a license and car, while others have a license but no car. In order to analyze the results of this experiment we are used MatlabR2016b to analyze the gathered data. The result of this research indicates that individual’s behavior and characteristics such as controlling the speed, remaining calm and relaxed when driving, driving at appropriate speeds depending on changes in road structures and etc. can affect their driving performance.
