BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral,selective Janus kinase inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).The 8-week induction protocol involves the administration of 10 mg twice daily(bid)with t...BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral,selective Janus kinase inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).The 8-week induction protocol involves the administration of 10 mg twice daily(bid)with the possibility of extending the induction period to 16 weeks.The maintenance dose of tofacitinib is either 5 mg or 10 mg bid.AIM To assess predictors for clinical remission and drug persistence in patients with UC receiving the extended induction tofacitinib protocol.METHODS This was a real-world multicenter retrospective study in patients with moderateto-severe UC.Patients received physician-directed extended induction tofacitinib treatment.We collected clinical and demographic data at baseline and data regarding clinical,laboratory,and endoscopic evaluations,therapeutic modifications,and adverse events at the 52-week follow-up.Possible predictors for clinical remission at week 52 was the primary endpoint.Differences between patients receiving 5 mg bid vs 10 mg bid at week 52 and identification of predictors for treatment persistence were secondary endpoints.RESULTS Thirty-seven consecutive patients from 11 medical centers were included[51.4%males with median age 39(17-64)years].Twenty-eight patients continued treatment until week 52(75.7%)with 67.9%receiving 10 mg tofacitinib;all had prior history of biologic use.We observed that 57.1%of patients achieved clinical remission(66.7%in the 5 mg tofacitinib group and 52.6%in the 10 mg tofacitinib group,P=0.483).De-escalation to 5 mg tofacitinib was attempted in 17 patients with a success rate of 52.9%.Prior biologic use was significantly more frequent in patients treated with 10 mg tofacitinib.Active smoking was significantly associated with treatment discontinuation at week 52.We identified eight adverse events,and only one led to treatment discontinuation.CONCLUSION Our results supported the extended induction strategy with tofacitinib in selected patients with UC.Patients with prior failure of advanced therapies particularly benefitted,highlighting the importance of personalized maintenance regimens.展开更多
The accurate prediction of battery pack capacity in electric vehicles(EVs)is crucial for ensuring safety and optimizing performance.Despite extensive research on predicting cell capacity using laboratory data,predicti...The accurate prediction of battery pack capacity in electric vehicles(EVs)is crucial for ensuring safety and optimizing performance.Despite extensive research on predicting cell capacity using laboratory data,predicting the capacity of onboard battery packs from field data remains challenging due to complex operating conditions and irregular EV usage in real-world settings.Most existing methods rely on extracting health feature parameters from raw data for capacity prediction of onboard battery packs,however,selecting specific parameters often results in a loss of critical information,which reduces prediction accuracy.To this end,this paper introduces a novel framework combining deep learning and data compression techniques to accurately predict battery pack capacity onboard.The proposed data compression method converts monthly EV charging data into feature maps,which preserve essential data characteristics while reducing the volume of raw data.To address missing capacity labels in field data,a capacity labeling method is proposed,which calculates monthly battery capacity by transforming the ampere-hour integration formula and applying linear regression.Subsequently,a deep learning model is proposed to build a capacity prediction model,using feature maps from historical months to predict the battery capacity of future months,thus facilitating accurate forecasts.The proposed framework,evaluated using field data from 20 EVs,achieves a mean absolute error of 0.79 Ah,a mean absolute percentage error of 0.65%,and a root mean square error of 1.02 Ah,highlighting its potential for real-world EV applications.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effect of idebenone tablets in the treatment of post-stroke depression(Post-Stroke Depression,PSD).Methods:This study was a single-arm,prospective,observationa...Objective:This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effect of idebenone tablets in the treatment of post-stroke depression(Post-Stroke Depression,PSD).Methods:This study was a single-arm,prospective,observational study that recruited PSD patients who met the inclusion criteria after being assessed by the investigator between January 2022 and June 2023.The demographic characteristics,disease status,treatment status,and medication status of the patients were collected through questionnaires,and the Hamilton depression score of the patients was collected through the Case Report Form(CRF)to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of idebenone tablet treatment.Results:A total of 4902 PSD patients were included in this study,of which 2496 were males,accounting for 50.9%,and 2406 were females,accounting for 49.1%.According to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD),13.9%were no depression at the first visit,53.0%were mildly depressed,24.3%were moderately depressed,and 8.8%were severely depressed.After treatment,the proportion of no depression was 26.1%,mild depression accounted for 53.3%,moderate depression accounted for 16.8%,and severe depression accounted for 3.8%,and the difference in the proportion of depression before and after treatment was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Idebenone tablets can significantly reduce Hamilton’s depression score,suggesting that it has a significant therapeutic effect in improving PSD symptoms.展开更多
Background:Meta-analysis is a statistical method to synthesize evidence from a number of independent studies,including those from clinical studies with binary outcomes.In practice,when there are zero events in one or ...Background:Meta-analysis is a statistical method to synthesize evidence from a number of independent studies,including those from clinical studies with binary outcomes.In practice,when there are zero events in one or both groups,it may cause statistical problems in the subsequent analysis.Methods:In this paper,by considering the relative risk as the effect size,we conduct a comparative study that consists of four continuity correction methods and another state-of-the-art method without the continuity correction,namely the generalized linear mixed models(GLMMs).To further advance the literature,we also introduce a new method of the continuity correction for estimating the relative risk.Results:From the simulation studies,the new method performs well in terms of mean squared error when there are few studies.In contrast,the generalized linear mixed model performs the best when the number of studies is large.In addition,by reanalyzing recent coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)data,it is evident that the double-zero-event studies impact the estimate of the mean effect size.Conclusions:We recommend the new method to handle the zero-event studies when there are few studies in a meta-analysis,or instead use the GLMM when the number of studies is large.The double-zero-event studies may be informative,and so we suggest not excluding them.展开更多
In Chinese language studies, both “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” are traditional in methodology and they both deserve being treasured, passed on, and ...In Chinese language studies, both “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” are traditional in methodology and they both deserve being treasured, passed on, and further developed. It will certainly do harm to the development of academic research if any of the two methods is given unreasonable priority. The author claims that the best or one of the best methodologies of the historical study of Chinese language is the combination of the two, hence a new interpretation of “The Double-proof Method”. Meanwhile, this essay is also an attempt to put forward “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese language studies, in which the author believes that it is not advisable to either treat Gui-mei as Quan-ma or vice versa in linguistic research. It is crucial for us to respect always the language facts first, which is considered the very soul of linguistics.展开更多
Objective To provide references for improving the authenticity and reliability of the retrospective study results,thus improving the quality of evidence in the real world and strengthening drug supervision and decisio...Objective To provide references for improving the authenticity and reliability of the retrospective study results,thus improving the quality of evidence in the real world and strengthening drug supervision and decision-making.Methods Literature review was used to study the data sources,the characteristics of retrospective research,the sources and the corrections of selective bias in the real world.Results and Conclusion The biases in retrospective study mainly come from admission rate bias,patient rate bias,survivors bias,health user bias and symptom bias.展开更多
Objective To introduce the design of observational trials under real-world study(RWS),and to provide guidance for clinical development of new research trials and reference for real-world researchers.Methods Relevant l...Objective To introduce the design of observational trials under real-world study(RWS),and to provide guidance for clinical development of new research trials and reference for real-world researchers.Methods Relevant literature of RWS and observational experiments at home and abroad were reviewed and analyzed,and then the design of observational studies was summarized under RWS.Results and Conclusion The data and information provided in observational studies not only help to further verify the clinical study results obtained by randomized controlled trial(RCT)in clinical practice,but also objectively reflect the real situation in the process of clinical research and application.展开更多
To improve question answering （QA） performance based on real-world web data sets,a new set of question classes and a general answer re-ranking model are defined.With pre-defined dictionary and grammatical analysis,t...To improve question answering （QA） performance based on real-world web data sets,a new set of question classes and a general answer re-ranking model are defined.With pre-defined dictionary and grammatical analysis,the question classifier draws both semantic and grammatical information into information retrieval and machine learning methods in the form of various training features,including the question word,the main verb of the question,the dependency structure,the position of the main auxiliary verb,the main noun of the question,the top hypernym of the main noun,etc.Then the QA query results are re-ranked by question class information.Experiments show that the questions in real-world web data sets can be accurately classified by the classifier,and the QA results after re-ranking can be obviously improved.It is proved that with both semantic and grammatical information,applications such as QA, built upon real-world web data sets, can be improved,thus showing better performance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Lenvatinib has become an indispensable part of treatment regimens for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(aHCC).Several recent real-world studies appear to have confirmed this;however,there are ...BACKGROUND Lenvatinib has become an indispensable part of treatment regimens for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(aHCC).Several recent real-world studies appear to have confirmed this;however,there are etiological differences.This necessitates further real-world studies of lenvatinib across diverse populations,such as in China.AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib in a Chinese HCC patient population under real-world conditions.METHODS This is a retrospective and multiregional study involving patients with aHCC receiving lenvatinib monotherapy.Efficacy was assessed using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1.Baseline characteristics and adverse events(AEs)were recorded throughout the entire study.RESULTS In total,54 HCC patients treated with lenvatinib monotherapy were included for final analysis.The objective response rate was 22%(n=12)with a progressionfree survival(PFS)of 168 d;however,AEs occurred in 92.8%of patients.Multivariate analysis showed that the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage[hazard ratio(HR)0.465;95%CI:0.23-0.93;P=0.031],portal vein tumor thrombus(HR 0.38;95%CI:0.15-0.94;P=0.037)and Child-Pugh classifications(HR 0.468;95%CI:and specificity(83.3%)of decreasing serum biomarkers including alphafetoprotein were calculated in order to predict tumor size reduction.Gene sequencing also provided insights into potential gene mutation signatures related to the effect of lenvatinib.CONCLUSION Our findings confirm previous evidence from the phase III REFLECT study.The majority of patients in this Chinese sample were suffering from concomitant hepatitis B virus-related HCC.However,further analysis suggested that baseline characteristics,changes in serum biomarkers and gene sequencing may hold the key for predicting lenvatinib responses.Further large-scale prospective studies that incorporate more basic medical science measures should be conducted.展开更多
Objective:Atezolizumab along with chemotherapy has prolonged the survival of patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer(ES-SCLC)worldwide,although real-world(RW)data are lacking in China.This study was desig...Objective:Atezolizumab along with chemotherapy has prolonged the survival of patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer(ES-SCLC)worldwide,although real-world(RW)data are lacking in China.This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and clinical outcomes of atezolizumab plus etoposide/platinum(EP).Methods:Data obtained in this retrospective study were captured from six oncology units of five medical facilities from January 2019 to April 2022.For first-line treatments,atezolizumab combined with EP vs.EP alone,we primarily evaluated progression-free survival(PFS);other efficacy indicators,including overall survival(OS),objective response rate(ORR),and patterns of SCLC progression and adverse events(AEs)were assessed.Results:The primary analysis included data from 225 patients,of whom 133 received EP along with atezolizumab(atezolizumab group)and 92 received EP alone(EP group).The PFS duration of the atezolizumab group[7.10 months;95%confidence interval(95%CI),6.53-9.00]exceeded that of the EP group(6.50 months;95%CI,4.83-7.53).Overall,the hazard ratio(HR)was 0.69(95%CI,0.49-0.97)(P=0.029);particularly,the HR was 0.54(95%CI,0.36-0.80)among patients undergoing≥4 chemotherapy cycles and 0.33(95%CI,0.20-0.56)among individuals with atezolizumab maintenance.The ORR and disease-control rate(DCR)were similar between the two groups.Because of incomplete OS data,the median OS was not determined for either group.Bone marrow suppression was the most common AE detected(58.6%)in the atezolizumab group.Immune-related AEs occurred in 19 patients in the atezolizumab group(14.3%),with only one case of grade 3 encephalitis.Conclusions:This RW study in China demonstrated improved clinical outcomes of atezolizumab along with EP for ES-SCLC,particularly in the chemosensitive population.These results align with the results of the IMpower133 study,although the impact of this treatment modality on OS warrants additional follow-up studies.展开更多
Evolution of the Arctic sea ice and its snow cover during the SHEBA year were simulated by applying a high-resolution thermodynamic snow/ice model （HIGHTSI）. Attention was paid to the impact of albedo on snow and se...Evolution of the Arctic sea ice and its snow cover during the SHEBA year were simulated by applying a high-resolution thermodynamic snow/ice model （HIGHTSI）. Attention was paid to the impact of albedo on snow and sea ice mass balance, effect of snow on total ice mass balance, and the model vertical resolution. The SHEBA annual simulation was made applying the best possible external forcing data set created by the Sea Ice Model Intercomparison Project. The HIGHTSI control run reasonably reproduced the observed snow and ice thickness. A number of albedo schemes were incorporated into HIGHTSI to study the feedback processes between the albedo and snow and ice thickness. The snow thickness turned out to be an essential variable in the albedo parameterization. Albedo schemes dependent on the surface temperature were liable to excessive positive feedback effects generated by errors in the modelled surface temperature. The superimposed ice formation should be taken into account for the annual Arctic sea ice mass balance.展开更多
Comparing the city-size distribution at the urban agglomeration（UA） scale is important for understanding the processes of urban development. However, comparative studies of city-size distribution among China＇s thre...Comparing the city-size distribution at the urban agglomeration（UA） scale is important for understanding the processes of urban development. However, comparative studies of city-size distribution among China＇s three largest UAs, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration（BTHA）, the Yangtze River Delta agglomeration（YRDA）, and the Pearl River Delta agglomeration（PRDA）, remain inadequate due to the limitation of data availability. Therefore, using urban data derived from time-series nighttime light data, the common characteristics and distinctive features of city-size distribution among the three UAs from 1992 to 2015 were compared by the Pareto regression and the rank clock method. We identified two common features. First, the city-size distribution became more even. The Pareto exponents increased by 0.17, 0.12, and 0.01 in the YRDA, BTHA, and PRDA, respectively. Second, the average ranks of small cities ascended, being 0.55, 0.08 and 0.04 in the three UAs, respectively. However, the average ranks of large and medium cities in the three UAs experienced different trajectories, which are closely related to the similarities and differences in the driving forces for the development of UAs. Place-based measures are encouraged to promote a coordinated development among cities of differing sizes in the three UAs.展开更多
Chinese FengYun-2C(FY-2C) satellite data were combined into the Local Analysis and Prediction System(LAPS) model to obtain three-dimensional cloud parameters and rain content. These parameters analyzed by LAPS were us...Chinese FengYun-2C(FY-2C) satellite data were combined into the Local Analysis and Prediction System(LAPS) model to obtain three-dimensional cloud parameters and rain content. These parameters analyzed by LAPS were used to initialize the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System model(GRAPES) in China to predict precipitation in a rainstorm case in the country. Three prediction experiments were conducted and were used to investigate the impacts of FY-2C satellite data on cloud analysis of LAPS and on short range precipitation forecasts. In the first experiment, the initial cloud fields was zero value. In the second, the initial cloud fields were cloud liquid water, cloud ice, and rain content derived from LAPS without combining the satellite data. In the third experiment, the initial cloud fields were cloud liquid water, cloud ice, and rain content derived from LAPS including satellite data. The results indicated that the FY-2C satellite data combination in LAPS can show more realistic cloud distributions, and the model simulation for precipitation in 1–6 h had certain improvements over that when satellite data and complex cloud analysis were not applied.展开更多
Regional healthcare platforms collect clinical data from hospitals in specific areas for the purpose of healthcare management.It is a common requirement to reuse the data for clinical research.However,we have to face ...Regional healthcare platforms collect clinical data from hospitals in specific areas for the purpose of healthcare management.It is a common requirement to reuse the data for clinical research.However,we have to face challenges like the inconsistence of terminology in electronic health records (EHR) and the complexities in data quality and data formats in regional healthcare platform.In this paper,we propose methodology and process on constructing large scale cohorts which forms the basis of causality and comparative effectiveness relationship in epidemiology.We firstly constructed a Chinese terminology knowledge graph to deal with the diversity of vocabularies on regional platform.Secondly,we built special disease case repositories (i.e.,heart failure repository) that utilize the graph to search the related patients and to normalize the data.Based on the requirements of the clinical research which aimed to explore the effectiveness of taking statin on 180-days readmission in patients with heart failure,we built a large-scale retrospective cohort with 29647 cases of heart failure patients from the heart failure repository.After the propensity score matching,the study group (n=6346) and the control group (n=6346) with parallel clinical characteristics were acquired.Logistic regression analysis showed that taking statins had a negative correlation with 180-days readmission in heart failure patients.This paper presents the workflow and application example of big data mining based on regional EHR data.展开更多
Objective:Several studies have demonstrated different benefits for patients whose disease progressed despite previous trastuzumab treatment.Due to limited real-world data,we evaluate the effectiveness of anti-human ep...Objective:Several studies have demonstrated different benefits for patients whose disease progressed despite previous trastuzumab treatment.Due to limited real-world data,we evaluate the effectiveness of anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)therapy(lapatinib or trastuzumab)plus chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone in patients who were previously treated with trastuzumab-containing regimens and investigate factors associated with effectiveness.And we further show the effectiveness of the two anti-HER2 therapy groups.Methods:A total of 342 HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer(MBC)patients whose disease progressed during prior anti-HER2(trastuzumab)and standard chemotherapy therapy from Department of Breast Oncology,the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,from August 2010 to December 2016 were included.Seventy-eight patients received standard chemotherapy only,148 patients continued to receive trastuzumab and switched to other chemotherapy drugs,and 116 patients received tyrosine-kinase inhibitors(TKIs;lapatinib)and chemotherapy.The main outcome measures were progression-free survival(PFS),overall response rate(ORR),and clinical benefit rate(CBR).Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify patient characteristics associated with the greatest clinical benefit.Results:After a median follow-up of 26.2(range,2.0-56.0)months,PFS significantly improved with anti-HER2 therapy compared with chemotherapy alone:median 6.0 months with lapatinib[95%confidence interval(95%CI),4.53-7.47],4.5 months with trastuzumab(95%CI,3.99-5.01)vs.3.0 months with chemotherapy alone(95%CI,2.42-3.58);stratified hazard ratio(HR)=0.70,95%CI,0.60-0.81;P<0.0001.The ORR values were 33.6%,25.0%and 12.8%,respectively,the CBR values were 60.3%,48.6%and 26.9%,respectively.The effectiveness of lapatinib group and trastuzumab group were further analyzed.In multivariate analysis,lapatinib group was associated with a longer PFS,after controlling other potential confounders(HR=0.68,95%CI,0.52-0.90;P=0.006).Conclusions:The combination of TKIs and chemotherapy was effective in this cohort previously treated with trastuzumab treatment.Therefore,TKIs combined with chemotherapy is an option for Chinese HER2-positive MBC patients previously treated with trastuzumab treatment.展开更多
Progress in developing robust therapies for spinal cord injury （SCI）, trau- matic brain injury （TBI） and peripheral nerve injury has been slow. A great deal has been learned over the past 30 years regarding both t...Progress in developing robust therapies for spinal cord injury （SCI）, trau- matic brain injury （TBI） and peripheral nerve injury has been slow. A great deal has been learned over the past 30 years regarding both the intrinsic factors and the environmental factors that regulate axon growth, but this large body of information has not yet resulted in clinically available thera- peutics. This therapeutic bottleneck has many root causes, but a consensus is emerging that one contributing factor is a lack of standards for experi- mental design and reporting. The absence of reporting standards, and even of commonly accepted definitions of key words, also make data mining and bioinformatics analysis of neural plasticity and regeneration difficult, if not impossible. This short review will consider relevant background and poten- tial solutions to this problem in the axon regeneration domain.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide. Many regions across the world have issued various HCC diagnosis and treatment protocols to improve the diagnosis and targeted treatment o...BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide. Many regions across the world have issued various HCC diagnosis and treatment protocols to improve the diagnosis and targeted treatment of patients with HCC. However, real-world studies analysing the practice, application value, and existing problems of the China Liver Cancer(CNLC) staging system are scarce.AIM To analyze the current situation and problems associated with the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer in China.METHODS We collected the medical records of all patients with HCC admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2019, and recorded the hospitalization information of those patients until December 31, 2020. All information on the diagnosis and treatment of the target patients was recorded, and their demographic and sociological characteristics, CNLC stages, screening situations, and treatment methods and effects were analyzed. The survival status of the patients was obtained from follow-up data.RESULTS This study included the medical records of 3022 patients with HCC. Among these cases, 304 patients were screened before HCC diagnosis;their early-stage diagnosis rate was 69.08%, which was significantly higher than that of patients with HCC who were diagnosed without screening and early detection(33.74%). Herein, patients with no clinical outcome at discharge were followed up, and the survival information of 1128 patients was obtained. A Cox model was used to analyse independent risk factors affecting overall survival, which were revealed as age > 50 years, no screening, alpha-fetoprotein > 400 ng/mL, Child–Pugh grade B, and middle and late CNLC stages. Based on the Cox model survival analysis, in our study, patients with HCC identified via screening had significant advantages in overall and tumorfree survival after hepatectomy.CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and treatment can be achieved by screening groups at high risk for HCC based on the guidelines;however, real-world compliance is poor.展开更多
Commentary Most would agree that providing comprehensive detail in scientific reporting is critical for the development of mean- ingful therapies and treatments for diseases. Such stellar practices 1） allow for repro...Commentary Most would agree that providing comprehensive detail in scientific reporting is critical for the development of mean- ingful therapies and treatments for diseases. Such stellar practices 1） allow for reproduction of experiments to con- firm results, 2） promote thorough analyses of data, and 3） foster the incremental advancement of valid approaches. Unfortunately, most would also agree we have far to go to reach this vital goal （Hackam and Redelmeier, 2006; Prinz et al., 2011; Baker et al., 2014）.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Tofacitinib is an oral,selective Janus kinase inhibitor that is approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).The 8-week induction protocol involves the administration of 10 mg twice daily(bid)with the possibility of extending the induction period to 16 weeks.The maintenance dose of tofacitinib is either 5 mg or 10 mg bid.AIM To assess predictors for clinical remission and drug persistence in patients with UC receiving the extended induction tofacitinib protocol.METHODS This was a real-world multicenter retrospective study in patients with moderateto-severe UC.Patients received physician-directed extended induction tofacitinib treatment.We collected clinical and demographic data at baseline and data regarding clinical,laboratory,and endoscopic evaluations,therapeutic modifications,and adverse events at the 52-week follow-up.Possible predictors for clinical remission at week 52 was the primary endpoint.Differences between patients receiving 5 mg bid vs 10 mg bid at week 52 and identification of predictors for treatment persistence were secondary endpoints.RESULTS Thirty-seven consecutive patients from 11 medical centers were included[51.4%males with median age 39(17-64)years].Twenty-eight patients continued treatment until week 52(75.7%)with 67.9%receiving 10 mg tofacitinib;all had prior history of biologic use.We observed that 57.1%of patients achieved clinical remission(66.7%in the 5 mg tofacitinib group and 52.6%in the 10 mg tofacitinib group,P=0.483).De-escalation to 5 mg tofacitinib was attempted in 17 patients with a success rate of 52.9%.Prior biologic use was significantly more frequent in patients treated with 10 mg tofacitinib.Active smoking was significantly associated with treatment discontinuation at week 52.We identified eight adverse events,and only one led to treatment discontinuation.CONCLUSION Our results supported the extended induction strategy with tofacitinib in selected patients with UC.Patients with prior failure of advanced therapies particularly benefitted,highlighting the importance of personalized maintenance regimens.
基金supported in part by the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2025ZNSFSC0427,No.2024ZDZX0035)the Open Project Fund of Vehicle Measurement,Control and Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(No.QCCK2024-004)the Industrial and Educational Integration Project of Yibin(No.YB-XHU-20240001)。
文摘The accurate prediction of battery pack capacity in electric vehicles(EVs)is crucial for ensuring safety and optimizing performance.Despite extensive research on predicting cell capacity using laboratory data,predicting the capacity of onboard battery packs from field data remains challenging due to complex operating conditions and irregular EV usage in real-world settings.Most existing methods rely on extracting health feature parameters from raw data for capacity prediction of onboard battery packs,however,selecting specific parameters often results in a loss of critical information,which reduces prediction accuracy.To this end,this paper introduces a novel framework combining deep learning and data compression techniques to accurately predict battery pack capacity onboard.The proposed data compression method converts monthly EV charging data into feature maps,which preserve essential data characteristics while reducing the volume of raw data.To address missing capacity labels in field data,a capacity labeling method is proposed,which calculates monthly battery capacity by transforming the ampere-hour integration formula and applying linear regression.Subsequently,a deep learning model is proposed to build a capacity prediction model,using feature maps from historical months to predict the battery capacity of future months,thus facilitating accurate forecasts.The proposed framework,evaluated using field data from 20 EVs,achieves a mean absolute error of 0.79 Ah,a mean absolute percentage error of 0.65%,and a root mean square error of 1.02 Ah,highlighting its potential for real-world EV applications.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effect of idebenone tablets in the treatment of post-stroke depression(Post-Stroke Depression,PSD).Methods:This study was a single-arm,prospective,observational study that recruited PSD patients who met the inclusion criteria after being assessed by the investigator between January 2022 and June 2023.The demographic characteristics,disease status,treatment status,and medication status of the patients were collected through questionnaires,and the Hamilton depression score of the patients was collected through the Case Report Form(CRF)to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of idebenone tablet treatment.Results:A total of 4902 PSD patients were included in this study,of which 2496 were males,accounting for 50.9%,and 2406 were females,accounting for 49.1%.According to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD),13.9%were no depression at the first visit,53.0%were mildly depressed,24.3%were moderately depressed,and 8.8%were severely depressed.After treatment,the proportion of no depression was 26.1%,mild depression accounted for 53.3%,moderate depression accounted for 16.8%,and severe depression accounted for 3.8%,and the difference in the proportion of depression before and after treatment was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Idebenone tablets can significantly reduce Hamilton’s depression score,suggesting that it has a significant therapeutic effect in improving PSD symptoms.
基金supported by grants awarded to Tie-Jun Tong from the General Research Fund(HKBU12303918)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(1207010822)the Initiation Grants for Faculty Niche Research Areas(RC-IG-FNRA/17-18/13,RC-FNRAIG/20-21/SCI/03)of Hong Kong Baptist University。
文摘Background:Meta-analysis is a statistical method to synthesize evidence from a number of independent studies,including those from clinical studies with binary outcomes.In practice,when there are zero events in one or both groups,it may cause statistical problems in the subsequent analysis.Methods:In this paper,by considering the relative risk as the effect size,we conduct a comparative study that consists of four continuity correction methods and another state-of-the-art method without the continuity correction,namely the generalized linear mixed models(GLMMs).To further advance the literature,we also introduce a new method of the continuity correction for estimating the relative risk.Results:From the simulation studies,the new method performs well in terms of mean squared error when there are few studies.In contrast,the generalized linear mixed model performs the best when the number of studies is large.In addition,by reanalyzing recent coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)data,it is evident that the double-zero-event studies impact the estimate of the mean effect size.Conclusions:We recommend the new method to handle the zero-event studies when there are few studies in a meta-analysis,or instead use the GLMM when the number of studies is large.The double-zero-event studies may be informative,and so we suggest not excluding them.
文摘In Chinese language studies, both “The Textual Research on Historical Documents” and “The Comparative Study of Historical Data” are traditional in methodology and they both deserve being treasured, passed on, and further developed. It will certainly do harm to the development of academic research if any of the two methods is given unreasonable priority. The author claims that the best or one of the best methodologies of the historical study of Chinese language is the combination of the two, hence a new interpretation of “The Double-proof Method”. Meanwhile, this essay is also an attempt to put forward “The Law of Quan-ma and Gui-mei” in Chinese language studies, in which the author believes that it is not advisable to either treat Gui-mei as Quan-ma or vice versa in linguistic research. It is crucial for us to respect always the language facts first, which is considered the very soul of linguistics.
基金Special Fund of the National Medical Products Administration’s Drug Regulatory Science Research Base-Research Institute of Drug Regulatory Science of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University(No.2020jgkx005).
文摘Objective To provide references for improving the authenticity and reliability of the retrospective study results,thus improving the quality of evidence in the real world and strengthening drug supervision and decision-making.Methods Literature review was used to study the data sources,the characteristics of retrospective research,the sources and the corrections of selective bias in the real world.Results and Conclusion The biases in retrospective study mainly come from admission rate bias,patient rate bias,survivors bias,health user bias and symptom bias.
文摘Objective To introduce the design of observational trials under real-world study(RWS),and to provide guidance for clinical development of new research trials and reference for real-world researchers.Methods Relevant literature of RWS and observational experiments at home and abroad were reviewed and analyzed,and then the design of observational studies was summarized under RWS.Results and Conclusion The data and information provided in observational studies not only help to further verify the clinical study results obtained by randomized controlled trial(RCT)in clinical practice,but also objectively reflect the real situation in the process of clinical research and application.
基金Microsoft Research Asia Internet Services in Academic Research Fund(No.FY07-RES-OPP-116)the Science and Technology Development Program of Tianjin(No.06YFGZGX05900)
文摘To improve question answering （QA） performance based on real-world web data sets,a new set of question classes and a general answer re-ranking model are defined.With pre-defined dictionary and grammatical analysis,the question classifier draws both semantic and grammatical information into information retrieval and machine learning methods in the form of various training features,including the question word,the main verb of the question,the dependency structure,the position of the main auxiliary verb,the main noun of the question,the top hypernym of the main noun,etc.Then the QA query results are re-ranked by question class information.Experiments show that the questions in real-world web data sets can be accurately classified by the classifier,and the QA results after re-ranking can be obviously improved.It is proved that with both semantic and grammatical information,applications such as QA, built upon real-world web data sets, can be improved,thus showing better performance.
基金Supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Projects,No.2016YFE0107100the Capital Special Research Project for Health Development,No.2014-2-4012+2 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.L172055 and No.7192158the National Tenthousand Talent Program,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.3332018032and the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Science(CIFMS),No.2017-I2M-4-003 and No.2018-I2M-3-001.
文摘BACKGROUND Lenvatinib has become an indispensable part of treatment regimens for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(aHCC).Several recent real-world studies appear to have confirmed this;however,there are etiological differences.This necessitates further real-world studies of lenvatinib across diverse populations,such as in China.AIM To investigate the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib in a Chinese HCC patient population under real-world conditions.METHODS This is a retrospective and multiregional study involving patients with aHCC receiving lenvatinib monotherapy.Efficacy was assessed using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1.Baseline characteristics and adverse events(AEs)were recorded throughout the entire study.RESULTS In total,54 HCC patients treated with lenvatinib monotherapy were included for final analysis.The objective response rate was 22%(n=12)with a progressionfree survival(PFS)of 168 d;however,AEs occurred in 92.8%of patients.Multivariate analysis showed that the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage[hazard ratio(HR)0.465;95%CI:0.23-0.93;P=0.031],portal vein tumor thrombus(HR 0.38;95%CI:0.15-0.94;P=0.037)and Child-Pugh classifications(HR 0.468;95%CI:and specificity(83.3%)of decreasing serum biomarkers including alphafetoprotein were calculated in order to predict tumor size reduction.Gene sequencing also provided insights into potential gene mutation signatures related to the effect of lenvatinib.CONCLUSION Our findings confirm previous evidence from the phase III REFLECT study.The majority of patients in this Chinese sample were suffering from concomitant hepatitis B virus-related HCC.However,further analysis suggested that baseline characteristics,changes in serum biomarkers and gene sequencing may hold the key for predicting lenvatinib responses.Further large-scale prospective studies that incorporate more basic medical science measures should be conducted.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82141117)the Capital Health Research and Development of Special Fund(No.2022-21023)+2 种基金Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program(No.PX2020045)Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital(No.2020-4)Wu Jieping Medical Foundation(No.320.6750.2021-16-19)。
文摘Objective:Atezolizumab along with chemotherapy has prolonged the survival of patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer(ES-SCLC)worldwide,although real-world(RW)data are lacking in China.This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and clinical outcomes of atezolizumab plus etoposide/platinum(EP).Methods:Data obtained in this retrospective study were captured from six oncology units of five medical facilities from January 2019 to April 2022.For first-line treatments,atezolizumab combined with EP vs.EP alone,we primarily evaluated progression-free survival(PFS);other efficacy indicators,including overall survival(OS),objective response rate(ORR),and patterns of SCLC progression and adverse events(AEs)were assessed.Results:The primary analysis included data from 225 patients,of whom 133 received EP along with atezolizumab(atezolizumab group)and 92 received EP alone(EP group).The PFS duration of the atezolizumab group[7.10 months;95%confidence interval(95%CI),6.53-9.00]exceeded that of the EP group(6.50 months;95%CI,4.83-7.53).Overall,the hazard ratio(HR)was 0.69(95%CI,0.49-0.97)(P=0.029);particularly,the HR was 0.54(95%CI,0.36-0.80)among patients undergoing≥4 chemotherapy cycles and 0.33(95%CI,0.20-0.56)among individuals with atezolizumab maintenance.The ORR and disease-control rate(DCR)were similar between the two groups.Because of incomplete OS data,the median OS was not determined for either group.Bone marrow suppression was the most common AE detected(58.6%)in the atezolizumab group.Immune-related AEs occurred in 19 patients in the atezolizumab group(14.3%),with only one case of grade 3 encephalitis.Conclusions:This RW study in China demonstrated improved clinical outcomes of atezolizumab along with EP for ES-SCLC,particularly in the chemosensitive population.These results align with the results of the IMpower133 study,although the impact of this treatment modality on OS warrants additional follow-up studies.
基金supported by the EC-funded project DAMOCLES (grant 18509)which is part of the Sixth Framework Program of DFG(grant LU 818/1-1)Natural Science Foundation of China(grants No.40233032,40376006).
文摘Evolution of the Arctic sea ice and its snow cover during the SHEBA year were simulated by applying a high-resolution thermodynamic snow/ice model （HIGHTSI）. Attention was paid to the impact of albedo on snow and sea ice mass balance, effect of snow on total ice mass balance, and the model vertical resolution. The SHEBA annual simulation was made applying the best possible external forcing data set created by the Sea Ice Model Intercomparison Project. The HIGHTSI control run reasonably reproduced the observed snow and ice thickness. A number of albedo schemes were incorporated into HIGHTSI to study the feedback processes between the albedo and snow and ice thickness. The snow thickness turned out to be an essential variable in the albedo parameterization. Albedo schemes dependent on the surface temperature were liable to excessive positive feedback effects generated by errors in the modelled surface temperature. The superimposed ice formation should be taken into account for the annual Arctic sea ice mass balance.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41621061,No.41501092 Talents Training Program from the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education No.201500002012G058
文摘Comparing the city-size distribution at the urban agglomeration（UA） scale is important for understanding the processes of urban development. However, comparative studies of city-size distribution among China＇s three largest UAs, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei agglomeration（BTHA）, the Yangtze River Delta agglomeration（YRDA）, and the Pearl River Delta agglomeration（PRDA）, remain inadequate due to the limitation of data availability. Therefore, using urban data derived from time-series nighttime light data, the common characteristics and distinctive features of city-size distribution among the three UAs from 1992 to 2015 were compared by the Pareto regression and the rank clock method. We identified two common features. First, the city-size distribution became more even. The Pareto exponents increased by 0.17, 0.12, and 0.01 in the YRDA, BTHA, and PRDA, respectively. Second, the average ranks of small cities ascended, being 0.55, 0.08 and 0.04 in the three UAs, respectively. However, the average ranks of large and medium cities in the three UAs experienced different trajectories, which are closely related to the similarities and differences in the driving forces for the development of UAs. Place-based measures are encouraged to promote a coordinated development among cities of differing sizes in the three UAs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41375025, 41275114, and 41275039)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, 2012AA120903)+1 种基金the Public Benefit Research Foundation of the China Meteorological Administration (GYHY201106044 and GYHY201406001)the China Meteorological Administration Torrential Flood Project
文摘Chinese FengYun-2C(FY-2C) satellite data were combined into the Local Analysis and Prediction System(LAPS) model to obtain three-dimensional cloud parameters and rain content. These parameters analyzed by LAPS were used to initialize the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System model(GRAPES) in China to predict precipitation in a rainstorm case in the country. Three prediction experiments were conducted and were used to investigate the impacts of FY-2C satellite data on cloud analysis of LAPS and on short range precipitation forecasts. In the first experiment, the initial cloud fields was zero value. In the second, the initial cloud fields were cloud liquid water, cloud ice, and rain content derived from LAPS without combining the satellite data. In the third experiment, the initial cloud fields were cloud liquid water, cloud ice, and rain content derived from LAPS including satellite data. The results indicated that the FY-2C satellite data combination in LAPS can show more realistic cloud distributions, and the model simulation for precipitation in 1–6 h had certain improvements over that when satellite data and complex cloud analysis were not applied.
基金Supported by the National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for"Significant New Drugs Development’’(No.2018ZX09201008)Special Fund Project for Information Development from Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and Information(No.201701013)
文摘Regional healthcare platforms collect clinical data from hospitals in specific areas for the purpose of healthcare management.It is a common requirement to reuse the data for clinical research.However,we have to face challenges like the inconsistence of terminology in electronic health records (EHR) and the complexities in data quality and data formats in regional healthcare platform.In this paper,we propose methodology and process on constructing large scale cohorts which forms the basis of causality and comparative effectiveness relationship in epidemiology.We firstly constructed a Chinese terminology knowledge graph to deal with the diversity of vocabularies on regional platform.Secondly,we built special disease case repositories (i.e.,heart failure repository) that utilize the graph to search the related patients and to normalize the data.Based on the requirements of the clinical research which aimed to explore the effectiveness of taking statin on 180-days readmission in patients with heart failure,we built a large-scale retrospective cohort with 29647 cases of heart failure patients from the heart failure repository.After the propensity score matching,the study group (n=6346) and the control group (n=6346) with parallel clinical characteristics were acquired.Logistic regression analysis showed that taking statins had a negative correlation with 180-days readmission in heart failure patients.This paper presents the workflow and application example of big data mining based on regional EHR data.
基金Capital Clinical Medicine Special Project(No.Z181100001718215)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81602314).Research number:CSCO-BC RWS 16002。
文摘Objective:Several studies have demonstrated different benefits for patients whose disease progressed despite previous trastuzumab treatment.Due to limited real-world data,we evaluate the effectiveness of anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)therapy(lapatinib or trastuzumab)plus chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone in patients who were previously treated with trastuzumab-containing regimens and investigate factors associated with effectiveness.And we further show the effectiveness of the two anti-HER2 therapy groups.Methods:A total of 342 HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer(MBC)patients whose disease progressed during prior anti-HER2(trastuzumab)and standard chemotherapy therapy from Department of Breast Oncology,the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital,from August 2010 to December 2016 were included.Seventy-eight patients received standard chemotherapy only,148 patients continued to receive trastuzumab and switched to other chemotherapy drugs,and 116 patients received tyrosine-kinase inhibitors(TKIs;lapatinib)and chemotherapy.The main outcome measures were progression-free survival(PFS),overall response rate(ORR),and clinical benefit rate(CBR).Subgroup analyses were conducted to identify patient characteristics associated with the greatest clinical benefit.Results:After a median follow-up of 26.2(range,2.0-56.0)months,PFS significantly improved with anti-HER2 therapy compared with chemotherapy alone:median 6.0 months with lapatinib[95%confidence interval(95%CI),4.53-7.47],4.5 months with trastuzumab(95%CI,3.99-5.01)vs.3.0 months with chemotherapy alone(95%CI,2.42-3.58);stratified hazard ratio(HR)=0.70,95%CI,0.60-0.81;P<0.0001.The ORR values were 33.6%,25.0%and 12.8%,respectively,the CBR values were 60.3%,48.6%and 26.9%,respectively.The effectiveness of lapatinib group and trastuzumab group were further analyzed.In multivariate analysis,lapatinib group was associated with a longer PFS,after controlling other potential confounders(HR=0.68,95%CI,0.52-0.90;P=0.006).Conclusions:The combination of TKIs and chemotherapy was effective in this cohort previously treated with trastuzumab treatment.Therefore,TKIs combined with chemotherapy is an option for Chinese HER2-positive MBC patients previously treated with trastuzumab treatment.
基金Research in the Lemmon/Bixby lab is supported by NIH grants NS080145 and NS059866by the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis
文摘Progress in developing robust therapies for spinal cord injury （SCI）, trau- matic brain injury （TBI） and peripheral nerve injury has been slow. A great deal has been learned over the past 30 years regarding both the intrinsic factors and the environmental factors that regulate axon growth, but this large body of information has not yet resulted in clinically available thera- peutics. This therapeutic bottleneck has many root causes, but a consensus is emerging that one contributing factor is a lack of standards for experi- mental design and reporting. The absence of reporting standards, and even of commonly accepted definitions of key words, also make data mining and bioinformatics analysis of neural plasticity and regeneration difficult, if not impossible. This short review will consider relevant background and poten- tial solutions to this problem in the axon regeneration domain.
基金Supported by The Major Project of Science and Technology in Henan Province,No. 161100311400
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is a common malignant tumor worldwide. Many regions across the world have issued various HCC diagnosis and treatment protocols to improve the diagnosis and targeted treatment of patients with HCC. However, real-world studies analysing the practice, application value, and existing problems of the China Liver Cancer(CNLC) staging system are scarce.AIM To analyze the current situation and problems associated with the Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer in China.METHODS We collected the medical records of all patients with HCC admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2019, and recorded the hospitalization information of those patients until December 31, 2020. All information on the diagnosis and treatment of the target patients was recorded, and their demographic and sociological characteristics, CNLC stages, screening situations, and treatment methods and effects were analyzed. The survival status of the patients was obtained from follow-up data.RESULTS This study included the medical records of 3022 patients with HCC. Among these cases, 304 patients were screened before HCC diagnosis;their early-stage diagnosis rate was 69.08%, which was significantly higher than that of patients with HCC who were diagnosed without screening and early detection(33.74%). Herein, patients with no clinical outcome at discharge were followed up, and the survival information of 1128 patients was obtained. A Cox model was used to analyse independent risk factors affecting overall survival, which were revealed as age > 50 years, no screening, alpha-fetoprotein > 400 ng/mL, Child–Pugh grade B, and middle and late CNLC stages. Based on the Cox model survival analysis, in our study, patients with HCC identified via screening had significant advantages in overall and tumorfree survival after hepatectomy.CONCLUSION Early diagnosis and treatment can be achieved by screening groups at high risk for HCC based on the guidelines;however, real-world compliance is poor.
文摘Commentary Most would agree that providing comprehensive detail in scientific reporting is critical for the development of mean- ingful therapies and treatments for diseases. Such stellar practices 1） allow for reproduction of experiments to con- firm results, 2） promote thorough analyses of data, and 3） foster the incremental advancement of valid approaches. Unfortunately, most would also agree we have far to go to reach this vital goal （Hackam and Redelmeier, 2006; Prinz et al., 2011; Baker et al., 2014）.
