A new scheduling algorithm called deferrable scheduling with time slice exchange (DS-EXC) was proposed to maintain the temporal validity of real-time data. In DS-EXC, the time slice exchange method was designed to fur...A new scheduling algorithm called deferrable scheduling with time slice exchange (DS-EXC) was proposed to maintain the temporal validity of real-time data. In DS-EXC, the time slice exchange method was designed to further defer the release time of transaction instances derived by the deferrable scheduling algorithm (DS-FP). In this way, more CPU time would be left for lower priority transactions and other transactions. In order to minimize the scheduling overhead, an off-line scheme was designed. In particular, the schedule for a transaction set is generated off-line until a repeating pattern is found, and then the pattern is used to construct the schedule on-line. The performance of DS-EXC was evaluated by sets of experiments. The results show that DS-EXC outperforms DS-FP in terms of increasing schedulable ratio. It also provides better performance under mixed workloads.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest is a leading cause of mortality in America and has increased in the incidence of cases over the last several years.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)increases survival outcomes in cases of ca...BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest is a leading cause of mortality in America and has increased in the incidence of cases over the last several years.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)increases survival outcomes in cases of cardiac arrest;however,healthcare workers often do not perform CPR within recommended guidelines.Real-time audiovisual feedback(RTAVF)devices improve the quality of CPR performed.This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the effect of RTAVF-assisted CPR with conventional CPR and to evaluate whether the use of these devices improved outcomes in both in-hospital cardiac arrest(IHCA)and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)patients.AIM To identify the effect of RTAVF-assisted CPR on patient outcomes and CPR quality with in-and OHCA.METHODS We searched PubMed,SCOPUS,the Cochrane Library,and EMBASE from inception to July 27,2020,for studies comparing patient outcomes and/or CPR quality metrics between RTAVF-assisted CPR and conventional CPR in cases of IHCA or OHCA.The primary outcomes of interest were return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC)and survival to hospital discharge(SHD),with secondary outcomes of chest compression rate and chest compression depth.The methodo-logical quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and Cochrane Collaboration’s“risk of bias”tool.Data was analyzed using R statistical software 4.2.0.results were statistically significant if P<0.05.RESULTS Thirteen studies(n=17600)were included.Patients were on average 69±17.5 years old,with 7022(39.8%)female patients.Overall pooled ROSC in patients in this study was 37%(95%confidence interval=23%-54%).RTAVF-assisted CPR significantly improved ROSC,both overall[risk ratio(RR)1.17(1.001-1.362);P=0.048]and in cases of IHCA[RR 1.36(1.06-1.80);P=0.002].There was no significant improvement in ROSC for OHCA(RR 1.04;0.91-1.19;P=0.47).No significant effect was seen in SHD[RR 1.04(0.91-1.19);P=0.47]or chest compression rate[standardized mean difference(SMD)-2.1;(-4.6-0.5);P=0.09].A significant improvement was seen in chest compression depth[SMD 1.6;(0.02-3.1);P=0.047].CONCLUSION RTAVF-assisted CPR increases ROSC in cases of IHCA and chest compression depth but has no significant effect on ROSC in cases of OHCA,SHD,or chest compression rate.展开更多
Along with process control,perception represents the main function performed by the Edge Layer of an Internet of Things(IoT)network.Many of these networks implement various applications where the response time does no...Along with process control,perception represents the main function performed by the Edge Layer of an Internet of Things(IoT)network.Many of these networks implement various applications where the response time does not represent an important parameter.However,in critical applications,this parameter represents a crucial aspect.One important sensing device used in IoT designs is the accelerometer.In most applications,the response time of the embedded driver software handling this device is generally not analysed and not taken into account.In this paper,we present the design and implementation of a predictable real-time driver stack for a popular accelerometer and gyroscope device family.We provide clear justifications for why this response time is extremely important for critical applications in the acquisition process of such data.We present extensive measurements and experimental results that demonstrate the predictability of our solution,making it suitable for critical real-time systems.展开更多
A common method for monitoring seawater quality involves collecting samples periodically and analyzing them in a laboratory.This method presents several challenges such as transportation of samples,limited access to t...A common method for monitoring seawater quality involves collecting samples periodically and analyzing them in a laboratory.This method presents several challenges such as transportation of samples,limited access to testing areas,high costs,and non-instantaneous tests.In this paper,a new Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)based seawater quality monitoring(SQM)system is designed and constructed to observe the seawater parameters that are indicative of marine pollution such as pH,electrical conductivity,temperature,and turbidity,along with geospatial data in real-time.It consists of one master node and several portable sensor nodes that are deployed at different locations on the sea surface.The IEEE 802.15.4 communication standard is utilized between master node and sensor nodes using star topology,while GSM/GPRS is used to connect the master node to a remote server.Collected data from the sensor nodes can be instantly viewed on data grids,graphics,and a map via both a developed web application and a hybrid mobile application.Additionally,the data can be filtered by different parameters and downloaded in spreadsheet format for integration with geographical information systems.After calibrating the sensors,experimental tests were conducted off the coast of Antalya Kucuk Calticak Bay over two separate periods totaling 14 d with only a 2%data loss.Furthermore,a verification test was performed for the sensors,where R-squared values ranged between 0.7 and 1.0,indicating a high correlation between sensor node data and standard instrument data.展开更多
Psychological distress detection plays a critical role in modern healthcare,especially in ambient environments where continuous monitoring is essential for timely intervention.Advances in sensor technology and artific...Psychological distress detection plays a critical role in modern healthcare,especially in ambient environments where continuous monitoring is essential for timely intervention.Advances in sensor technology and artificial intelligence(AI)have enabled the development of systems capable of mental health monitoring using multimodal data.However,existing models often struggle with contextual adaptation and real-time decision-making in dynamic settings.This paper addresses these challenges by proposing TRANS-HEALTH,a hybrid framework that integrates transformer-based inference with Belief-Desire-Intention(BDI)reasoning for real-time psychological distress detection.The framework utilizes a multimodal dataset containing EEG,GSR,heart rate,and activity data to predict distress while adapting to individual contexts.The methodology combines deep learning for robust pattern recognition and symbolic BDI reasoning to enable adaptive decision-making.The novelty of the approach lies in its seamless integration of transformermodelswith BDI reasoning,providing both high accuracy and contextual relevance in real time.Performance metrics such as accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score are employed to evaluate the system’s performance.The results show that TRANS-HEALTH outperforms existing models,achieving 96.1% accuracy with 4.78 ms latency and significantly reducing false alerts,with an enhanced ability to engage users,making it suitable for deployment in wearable and remote healthcare environments.展开更多
This review explores glucose monitoring and management strategies,emphasizing the need for reliable and userfriendly wearable sensors that are the next generation of sensors for continuous glucose detection.In additio...This review explores glucose monitoring and management strategies,emphasizing the need for reliable and userfriendly wearable sensors that are the next generation of sensors for continuous glucose detection.In addition,examines key strategies for designing glucose sensors that are multi-functional,reliable,and cost-effective in a variety of contexts.The unique features of effective diabetes management technology are highlighted,with a focus on using nano/biosensor devices that can quickly and accurately detect glucose levels in the blood,improving patient treatment and control of potential diabetes-related infections.The potential of next-generation wearable and touch-sensitive nano biomedical sensor engineering designs for providing full control in assessing implantable,continuous glucose monitoring is also explored.The challenges of standardizing drug or insulin delivery doses,low-cost,real-time detection of increased blood sugar levels in diabetics,and early digital health awareness controls for the adverse effects of injectable medication are identified as unmet needs.Also,the market for biosensors is expected to expand significantly due to the rising need for portable diagnostic equipment and an ever-increasing diabetic population.The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for further research and development of glucose biosensors to meet the stringent requirements for sensitivity and specificity imposed by clinical diagnostics while being cost-effective,stable,and durable.展开更多
The process of optimized placement of long-term health monitoring sensors for large bridges generally begins with finite element models, but there will arise great discrepancies between theoretically-calculated result...The process of optimized placement of long-term health monitoring sensors for large bridges generally begins with finite element models, but there will arise great discrepancies between theoretically-calculated results and actual measurements.Therefore, rectified finite element models need to be rectified by virtue of model rectifying technology. Firstly, the result of construction monitoring and finished state load test is used to real-time modification of finite element model. Subsequently, an accurate finite element model is established. Secondly, the optimizing the layout of sensor with following orthogonality guarantees orthogonal property and linear independence for the measured data. Lastly, the effectiveness and feasibility of method in the paper is tested by real-time modifying finite element model and optimizing the layout of sensor for Nujiang Bridge.展开更多
As wireless sensor network becomes pervasive, new requirements have been continuously emerged. How-ever, the most of research efforts in wireless sensor network are focused on energy problem since the nodes are usuall...As wireless sensor network becomes pervasive, new requirements have been continuously emerged. How-ever, the most of research efforts in wireless sensor network are focused on energy problem since the nodes are usually battery-powered. Among these requirements, real-time communication is one of the big research challenges in wireless sensor networks because most of query messages carry time information. To meet this requirement, recently several real-time medium access control protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks in the literature because waiting time to share medium on each node is one of main source for end-to-end delay. In this paper, we first introduce the specific requirement of wireless sensor real-time MAC protocol. Then, a collection of recent wireless sensor real-time MAC protocols are surveyed, classified, and described emphasizing their advantages and disadvantages whenever possible. Finally we present a dis-cussion about the challenges of current wireless sensor real-time MAC protocols in the literature, and show the conclusion in the end.展开更多
Actors'relocation is utilized during the network initialization to enhance real-time performance of wireless sensor and actor networks(WSANs)which is an important issue of WSANs.The actor deployment problem in WSA...Actors'relocation is utilized during the network initialization to enhance real-time performance of wireless sensor and actor networks(WSANs)which is an important issue of WSANs.The actor deployment problem in WSANs is proved NP-Hard whether the amount of actors is redundant or not,but to the best of our knowledge,no effective distributed algorithms in previous research can solve the problem.Thus two actor deployment strategies which need not the boundary control compared with present deployment strategies are proposed to solve this problem approximately based on the Voronoi diagram.Through simulation experiment,the results show that our distributed strategies are more effective than the present deployment strategies in terms of real-time performance,convergence time and energy consumption.展开更多
Active noise controls are used in a wide field of applications to cancel out unwanted surrounding noise. Control systems based on the feedback structure however have the disadvantage that they may become unstable duri...Active noise controls are used in a wide field of applications to cancel out unwanted surrounding noise. Control systems based on the feedback structure however have the disadvantage that they may become unstable during run-time due to changes in the control path—in this context including the listener’s ear. Especially when applied to active noise cancellation (ANC) headphones, the risk of instability is associated with the risk of harmful influence on the listener’s ear, which is exposed to the speaker in striking distance. This paper discusses several methods to enable the analysis of a feedback ANC system during run-time to immediately detect instability. Finally, a solution is proposed, which identifies the open loop behavior parametrically by means of an adaptive filter to subsequently evaluate the coefficients regarding stability.展开更多
This paper presents a novel real-time routing protocol, called CBRR, with less energy consumption for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). End-to-End real-time requirements are fulfilled with speed or delay constraint at ...This paper presents a novel real-time routing protocol, called CBRR, with less energy consumption for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). End-to-End real-time requirements are fulfilled with speed or delay constraint at each hop through integrating the contention and neighbor table mechanisms. More precisely, CBRR maintains a neighbor table via the contention mechanism being dependent on wireless broadcast instead of beacons. Comprehensive simulations show that CBRR can not only achieve higher performance in static networks, but also work well for dynamic networks.展开更多
Wireless sensor network nodes have only limited resources concerning memory and battery life-time. Mem- ory can be efficiently used by sharing data, and the life-time of a battery can be extended, when the node has lo...Wireless sensor network nodes have only limited resources concerning memory and battery life-time. Mem- ory can be efficiently used by sharing data, and the life-time of a battery can be extended, when the node has long power saving sleep-phases. We propose a publish/subscribe architecture that achieves these two aims. The results of our work are of great interest for sensor application developers, giving them now the opportu- nity to use our architecture for sharing data among different applications on the node as well as the different layers of the operating system. We introduce a blackboard which is used for centrally storing published val- ues, like measured data from a monitored sensor. This makes it possible to share stored data without monitoring the sensors once again, which is advantageously concerning power consumption, memory space, and reaction time. Beside the proposed publish/subscribe method for sensor nodes with its notification possibili- ties, our architecture fulfills also real-time requirements. We show how the well-known sensor operating system MANTIS OS can be extended by a real-time enabled, blackboard-based publish/subscribe architect- ture. This architecture and first of all its implementation is of special interest for cross layer optimization of sensor applications. Cross-layer approaches benefit from our architecture because the available implementa- tion can be used as an efficient framework for central storing and managing of shared values.展开更多
Self-localization and orientation estimation are the essential capabilities for mobile robot navigation.In this article,a robust and real-time visual-inertial-GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)tightly coupled po...Self-localization and orientation estimation are the essential capabilities for mobile robot navigation.In this article,a robust and real-time visual-inertial-GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)tightly coupled pose estimation(RRVPE)method for aerial robot navigation is presented.The aerial robot carries a front-facing stereo camera for self-localization and an RGB-D camera to generate 3D voxel map.Ulteriorly,a GNSS receiver is used to continuously provide pseudorange,Doppler frequency shift and universal time coordinated(UTC)pulse signals to the pose estimator.The proposed system leverages the Kanade Lucas algorithm to track Shi-Tomasi features in each video frame,and the local factor graph solution process is bounded in a circumscribed container,which can immensely abandon the computational complexity in nonlinear optimization procedure.The proposed robot pose estimator can achieve camera-rate(30 Hz)performance on the aerial robot companion computer.We thoroughly experimented the RRVPE system in both simulated and practical circumstances,and the results demonstrate dramatic advantages over the state-of-the-art robot pose estimators.展开更多
Mercury(Hg^(2+)),one of the most dangerous toxins in water,is a heavy metal that causes organ damage from both short-term and chronic exposure.Conventional methods for detecting mercury such as atomic absorption spect...Mercury(Hg^(2+)),one of the most dangerous toxins in water,is a heavy metal that causes organ damage from both short-term and chronic exposure.Conventional methods for detecting mercury such as atomic absorption spectrometry or Raman spectroscopy require bulky equipment with complicated procedures.In this work,we fabricated a highly sensitive,real-time thin-film sensor based on vertically aligned rhenium disulfide(ReS_(2)).Its outstanding large surface area and the unique electronic appearance of its layered architecture make a ReS_(2) nanosheet a strong contender for such an application.The sensor exhibited a fast response speed(<2 s)to Hg^(2+)and an ultralow detection limit of 4 nM,which is significantly less than that of the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency's(U.S.EPA)allowed utmost contamination limit for Hg^(2+)in drinking water(10 nM).It also exhibited strong selectivity for Hg^(2+)against other metal ions such as Na^(+),Zn^(2+),Fe^(3+),Cu^(2+),Ca^(2+),Ni^(2+),Ag+,Cd^(2+),Fe^(2+),and Pb^(2+).Because this nanosheet can be replaced with any secondary substrate and possibly patterned into a microscale size,the sensor can be integrated into multiple platforms such as portable devices or sensor nodes in a grid network.展开更多
In order to provide predictable runtime performante for text categorization （TC） systems, an innovative system design method is proposed for soft real time TC systems. An analyzable mathematical model is established...In order to provide predictable runtime performante for text categorization （TC） systems, an innovative system design method is proposed for soft real time TC systems. An analyzable mathematical model is established to approximately describe the nonlinear and time-varying TC systems. According to this mathematical model, the feedback control theory is adopted to prove the system＇s stableness and zero steady state error. The experiments result shows that the error of deadline satisfied ratio in the system is kept within 4 of the desired value. And the number of classifiers can be dynamically adjusted by the system itself to save the computa tion resources. The proposed methodology enables the theo retical analysis and evaluation to the TC systems, leading to a high-quality and low cost implementation approach.展开更多
This artificial anal sphincter (AAS) is used to help patients who are in severe incontinence. It consists of two parts. The first part is taken outside with patients. The second is implanted in the bodies to provide i...This artificial anal sphincter (AAS) is used to help patients who are in severe incontinence. It consists of two parts. The first part is taken outside with patients. The second is implanted in the bodies to provide independent evacuation for patients. It is powered through transcutaneous energy transmission by the first part. There are two sensors in the second part. One sensor measures the pressure in the cuff-clamp around the recta. The other measures the pressure of the recta. As soon as the pressure measured by the later reaches the threshold, a signal is sent out to patients through wireless communication to alarm patients preparing defecation. Patients can give a start signal to begin defecating after they are ready. And they can also give a signal to stop defecating like a healthy person. With the aids of the novel medical device, patients can defecate as a healthy person. The first generation of this AAS is presented.展开更多
The existing scheduling algorithms cannot adequately support modern embedded real-time applications. An important challenge for future research is how to model and introduce control mechanisms to real-time systems to ...The existing scheduling algorithms cannot adequately support modern embedded real-time applications. An important challenge for future research is how to model and introduce control mechanisms to real-time systems to improve real-time performance, and to allow the system to adapt to changes in the environment, the workload, or to changes in the system architecture due to failures. In this paper, we pursue this goal by formulating and simulating new real-time scheduling models that enable us to easily analyse feedback scheduling with various constraints, overload and disturbance, and by designing a robust, adaptive scheduler that responds gracefully to overload with robust H∞ and feedback error learning control.展开更多
In order to restore force sensation to robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery(RMIS),design and performance evaluation of a miniature 6-axis force/torque sensor for force feedback is presented.Based on the resistive...In order to restore force sensation to robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery(RMIS),design and performance evaluation of a miniature 6-axis force/torque sensor for force feedback is presented.Based on the resistive sensing method,a flexural-hinged Stewart platform is designed as the flexible structure,and a straightforward optimization method considering the force and sensitivity isotropy of the sensor is proposed to determine geometric parameters which are best suited for the given external loads.The accuracy of this method is preliminarily discussed by finite element methods(FEMs).The sensor prototype is fabricated with the development of the electronic system.Calibration and dynamic loading tests for this sensor prototype are carried out.The working ranges of this sensor prototype are 30 N and 300 N·mm,and resolutions are 0.08 N in radial directions,0.25 N in axial direction,and 2.4 N·mm in rotational directions.It also exhibits a good capability for a typical dynamic force sensing at a frequency close to the normal heart rate of an adult.The sensor is compatible with surgical instruments for force feedback in RMIS.展开更多
To detect the improper sitting posture of a person sitting on a chair,a posture detection system using machine learning classification has been proposed in this work.The addressed problem correlates to the third Susta...To detect the improper sitting posture of a person sitting on a chair,a posture detection system using machine learning classification has been proposed in this work.The addressed problem correlates to the third Sustainable Development Goal(SDG),ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages,as specified by the World Health Organization(WHO).An improper sitting position can be fatal if one sits for a long time in the wrong position,and it can be dangerous for ulcers and lower spine discomfort.This novel study includes a practical implementation of a cushion consisting of a grid of 3×3 force-sensitive resistors(FSR)embedded to read the pressure of the person sitting on it.Additionally,the Body Mass Index(BMI)has been included to increase the resilience of the system across individual physical variances and to identify the incorrect postures(backward,front,left,and right-leaning)based on the five machine learning algorithms:ensemble boosted trees,ensemble bagged trees,ensemble subspace K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),ensemble subspace discriminant,and ensemble RUSBoosted trees.The proposed arrangement is novel as existing works have only provided simulations without practical implementation,whereas we have implemented the proposed design in Simulink.The results validate the proposed sensor placements,and the machine learning(ML)model reaches a maximum accuracy of 99.99%,which considerably outperforms the existing works.The proposed concept is valuable as it makes it easier for people in workplaces or even at individual household levels to work for long periods without suffering from severe harmful effects from poor posture.展开更多
基金Project(60873030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A new scheduling algorithm called deferrable scheduling with time slice exchange (DS-EXC) was proposed to maintain the temporal validity of real-time data. In DS-EXC, the time slice exchange method was designed to further defer the release time of transaction instances derived by the deferrable scheduling algorithm (DS-FP). In this way, more CPU time would be left for lower priority transactions and other transactions. In order to minimize the scheduling overhead, an off-line scheme was designed. In particular, the schedule for a transaction set is generated off-line until a repeating pattern is found, and then the pattern is used to construct the schedule on-line. The performance of DS-EXC was evaluated by sets of experiments. The results show that DS-EXC outperforms DS-FP in terms of increasing schedulable ratio. It also provides better performance under mixed workloads.
文摘BACKGROUND Cardiac arrest is a leading cause of mortality in America and has increased in the incidence of cases over the last several years.Cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)increases survival outcomes in cases of cardiac arrest;however,healthcare workers often do not perform CPR within recommended guidelines.Real-time audiovisual feedback(RTAVF)devices improve the quality of CPR performed.This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the effect of RTAVF-assisted CPR with conventional CPR and to evaluate whether the use of these devices improved outcomes in both in-hospital cardiac arrest(IHCA)and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)patients.AIM To identify the effect of RTAVF-assisted CPR on patient outcomes and CPR quality with in-and OHCA.METHODS We searched PubMed,SCOPUS,the Cochrane Library,and EMBASE from inception to July 27,2020,for studies comparing patient outcomes and/or CPR quality metrics between RTAVF-assisted CPR and conventional CPR in cases of IHCA or OHCA.The primary outcomes of interest were return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC)and survival to hospital discharge(SHD),with secondary outcomes of chest compression rate and chest compression depth.The methodo-logical quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and Cochrane Collaboration’s“risk of bias”tool.Data was analyzed using R statistical software 4.2.0.results were statistically significant if P<0.05.RESULTS Thirteen studies(n=17600)were included.Patients were on average 69±17.5 years old,with 7022(39.8%)female patients.Overall pooled ROSC in patients in this study was 37%(95%confidence interval=23%-54%).RTAVF-assisted CPR significantly improved ROSC,both overall[risk ratio(RR)1.17(1.001-1.362);P=0.048]and in cases of IHCA[RR 1.36(1.06-1.80);P=0.002].There was no significant improvement in ROSC for OHCA(RR 1.04;0.91-1.19;P=0.47).No significant effect was seen in SHD[RR 1.04(0.91-1.19);P=0.47]or chest compression rate[standardized mean difference(SMD)-2.1;(-4.6-0.5);P=0.09].A significant improvement was seen in chest compression depth[SMD 1.6;(0.02-3.1);P=0.047].CONCLUSION RTAVF-assisted CPR increases ROSC in cases of IHCA and chest compression depth but has no significant effect on ROSC in cases of OHCA,SHD,or chest compression rate.
文摘Along with process control,perception represents the main function performed by the Edge Layer of an Internet of Things(IoT)network.Many of these networks implement various applications where the response time does not represent an important parameter.However,in critical applications,this parameter represents a crucial aspect.One important sensing device used in IoT designs is the accelerometer.In most applications,the response time of the embedded driver software handling this device is generally not analysed and not taken into account.In this paper,we present the design and implementation of a predictable real-time driver stack for a popular accelerometer and gyroscope device family.We provide clear justifications for why this response time is extremely important for critical applications in the acquisition process of such data.We present extensive measurements and experimental results that demonstrate the predictability of our solution,making it suitable for critical real-time systems.
基金The Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Akdeniz University(Türkiye)under contract No.FBA-2022-5542.
文摘A common method for monitoring seawater quality involves collecting samples periodically and analyzing them in a laboratory.This method presents several challenges such as transportation of samples,limited access to testing areas,high costs,and non-instantaneous tests.In this paper,a new Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)based seawater quality monitoring(SQM)system is designed and constructed to observe the seawater parameters that are indicative of marine pollution such as pH,electrical conductivity,temperature,and turbidity,along with geospatial data in real-time.It consists of one master node and several portable sensor nodes that are deployed at different locations on the sea surface.The IEEE 802.15.4 communication standard is utilized between master node and sensor nodes using star topology,while GSM/GPRS is used to connect the master node to a remote server.Collected data from the sensor nodes can be instantly viewed on data grids,graphics,and a map via both a developed web application and a hybrid mobile application.Additionally,the data can be filtered by different parameters and downloaded in spreadsheet format for integration with geographical information systems.After calibrating the sensors,experimental tests were conducted off the coast of Antalya Kucuk Calticak Bay over two separate periods totaling 14 d with only a 2%data loss.Furthermore,a verification test was performed for the sensors,where R-squared values ranged between 0.7 and 1.0,indicating a high correlation between sensor node data and standard instrument data.
基金funded by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R435),Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Psychological distress detection plays a critical role in modern healthcare,especially in ambient environments where continuous monitoring is essential for timely intervention.Advances in sensor technology and artificial intelligence(AI)have enabled the development of systems capable of mental health monitoring using multimodal data.However,existing models often struggle with contextual adaptation and real-time decision-making in dynamic settings.This paper addresses these challenges by proposing TRANS-HEALTH,a hybrid framework that integrates transformer-based inference with Belief-Desire-Intention(BDI)reasoning for real-time psychological distress detection.The framework utilizes a multimodal dataset containing EEG,GSR,heart rate,and activity data to predict distress while adapting to individual contexts.The methodology combines deep learning for robust pattern recognition and symbolic BDI reasoning to enable adaptive decision-making.The novelty of the approach lies in its seamless integration of transformermodelswith BDI reasoning,providing both high accuracy and contextual relevance in real time.Performance metrics such as accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score are employed to evaluate the system’s performance.The results show that TRANS-HEALTH outperforms existing models,achieving 96.1% accuracy with 4.78 ms latency and significantly reducing false alerts,with an enhanced ability to engage users,making it suitable for deployment in wearable and remote healthcare environments.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIT) (No.2022M3J7A1062940,2021R1A5A6002853,and 2021R1A2C3011585)supported by the Technology Innovation Program (20015577)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy (MOTIE,Korea)。
文摘This review explores glucose monitoring and management strategies,emphasizing the need for reliable and userfriendly wearable sensors that are the next generation of sensors for continuous glucose detection.In addition,examines key strategies for designing glucose sensors that are multi-functional,reliable,and cost-effective in a variety of contexts.The unique features of effective diabetes management technology are highlighted,with a focus on using nano/biosensor devices that can quickly and accurately detect glucose levels in the blood,improving patient treatment and control of potential diabetes-related infections.The potential of next-generation wearable and touch-sensitive nano biomedical sensor engineering designs for providing full control in assessing implantable,continuous glucose monitoring is also explored.The challenges of standardizing drug or insulin delivery doses,low-cost,real-time detection of increased blood sugar levels in diabetics,and early digital health awareness controls for the adverse effects of injectable medication are identified as unmet needs.Also,the market for biosensors is expected to expand significantly due to the rising need for portable diagnostic equipment and an ever-increasing diabetic population.The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for further research and development of glucose biosensors to meet the stringent requirements for sensitivity and specificity imposed by clinical diagnostics while being cost-effective,stable,and durable.
基金Funded by the Special Found of the Ministry of Education for Doctor Station Subject(No.20115522110001)
文摘The process of optimized placement of long-term health monitoring sensors for large bridges generally begins with finite element models, but there will arise great discrepancies between theoretically-calculated results and actual measurements.Therefore, rectified finite element models need to be rectified by virtue of model rectifying technology. Firstly, the result of construction monitoring and finished state load test is used to real-time modification of finite element model. Subsequently, an accurate finite element model is established. Secondly, the optimizing the layout of sensor with following orthogonality guarantees orthogonal property and linear independence for the measured data. Lastly, the effectiveness and feasibility of method in the paper is tested by real-time modifying finite element model and optimizing the layout of sensor for Nujiang Bridge.
文摘As wireless sensor network becomes pervasive, new requirements have been continuously emerged. How-ever, the most of research efforts in wireless sensor network are focused on energy problem since the nodes are usually battery-powered. Among these requirements, real-time communication is one of the big research challenges in wireless sensor networks because most of query messages carry time information. To meet this requirement, recently several real-time medium access control protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks in the literature because waiting time to share medium on each node is one of main source for end-to-end delay. In this paper, we first introduce the specific requirement of wireless sensor real-time MAC protocol. Then, a collection of recent wireless sensor real-time MAC protocols are surveyed, classified, and described emphasizing their advantages and disadvantages whenever possible. Finally we present a dis-cussion about the challenges of current wireless sensor real-time MAC protocols in the literature, and show the conclusion in the end.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60803148,60973124)
文摘Actors'relocation is utilized during the network initialization to enhance real-time performance of wireless sensor and actor networks(WSANs)which is an important issue of WSANs.The actor deployment problem in WSANs is proved NP-Hard whether the amount of actors is redundant or not,but to the best of our knowledge,no effective distributed algorithms in previous research can solve the problem.Thus two actor deployment strategies which need not the boundary control compared with present deployment strategies are proposed to solve this problem approximately based on the Voronoi diagram.Through simulation experiment,the results show that our distributed strategies are more effective than the present deployment strategies in terms of real-time performance,convergence time and energy consumption.
文摘Active noise controls are used in a wide field of applications to cancel out unwanted surrounding noise. Control systems based on the feedback structure however have the disadvantage that they may become unstable during run-time due to changes in the control path—in this context including the listener’s ear. Especially when applied to active noise cancellation (ANC) headphones, the risk of instability is associated with the risk of harmful influence on the listener’s ear, which is exposed to the speaker in striking distance. This paper discusses several methods to enable the analysis of a feedback ANC system during run-time to immediately detect instability. Finally, a solution is proposed, which identifies the open loop behavior parametrically by means of an adaptive filter to subsequently evaluate the coefficients regarding stability.
文摘This paper presents a novel real-time routing protocol, called CBRR, with less energy consumption for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). End-to-End real-time requirements are fulfilled with speed or delay constraint at each hop through integrating the contention and neighbor table mechanisms. More precisely, CBRR maintains a neighbor table via the contention mechanism being dependent on wireless broadcast instead of beacons. Comprehensive simulations show that CBRR can not only achieve higher performance in static networks, but also work well for dynamic networks.
文摘Wireless sensor network nodes have only limited resources concerning memory and battery life-time. Mem- ory can be efficiently used by sharing data, and the life-time of a battery can be extended, when the node has long power saving sleep-phases. We propose a publish/subscribe architecture that achieves these two aims. The results of our work are of great interest for sensor application developers, giving them now the opportu- nity to use our architecture for sharing data among different applications on the node as well as the different layers of the operating system. We introduce a blackboard which is used for centrally storing published val- ues, like measured data from a monitored sensor. This makes it possible to share stored data without monitoring the sensors once again, which is advantageously concerning power consumption, memory space, and reaction time. Beside the proposed publish/subscribe method for sensor nodes with its notification possibili- ties, our architecture fulfills also real-time requirements. We show how the well-known sensor operating system MANTIS OS can be extended by a real-time enabled, blackboard-based publish/subscribe architect- ture. This architecture and first of all its implementation is of special interest for cross layer optimization of sensor applications. Cross-layer approaches benefit from our architecture because the available implementa- tion can be used as an efficient framework for central storing and managing of shared values.
基金Supported by the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects([2020]2Y044)the Science and Technology Projects of China Southern Power Grid Co.Ltd.(066600KK52170074)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61473144)。
文摘Self-localization and orientation estimation are the essential capabilities for mobile robot navigation.In this article,a robust and real-time visual-inertial-GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)tightly coupled pose estimation(RRVPE)method for aerial robot navigation is presented.The aerial robot carries a front-facing stereo camera for self-localization and an RGB-D camera to generate 3D voxel map.Ulteriorly,a GNSS receiver is used to continuously provide pseudorange,Doppler frequency shift and universal time coordinated(UTC)pulse signals to the pose estimator.The proposed system leverages the Kanade Lucas algorithm to track Shi-Tomasi features in each video frame,and the local factor graph solution process is bounded in a circumscribed container,which can immensely abandon the computational complexity in nonlinear optimization procedure.The proposed robot pose estimator can achieve camera-rate(30 Hz)performance on the aerial robot companion computer.We thoroughly experimented the RRVPE system in both simulated and practical circumstances,and the results demonstrate dramatic advantages over the state-of-the-art robot pose estimators.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(No.2018R1A6A1A03025708)a study on an integrated multifunctional sensor platform based on autonomous energy).
文摘Mercury(Hg^(2+)),one of the most dangerous toxins in water,is a heavy metal that causes organ damage from both short-term and chronic exposure.Conventional methods for detecting mercury such as atomic absorption spectrometry or Raman spectroscopy require bulky equipment with complicated procedures.In this work,we fabricated a highly sensitive,real-time thin-film sensor based on vertically aligned rhenium disulfide(ReS_(2)).Its outstanding large surface area and the unique electronic appearance of its layered architecture make a ReS_(2) nanosheet a strong contender for such an application.The sensor exhibited a fast response speed(<2 s)to Hg^(2+)and an ultralow detection limit of 4 nM,which is significantly less than that of the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency's(U.S.EPA)allowed utmost contamination limit for Hg^(2+)in drinking water(10 nM).It also exhibited strong selectivity for Hg^(2+)against other metal ions such as Na^(+),Zn^(2+),Fe^(3+),Cu^(2+),Ca^(2+),Ni^(2+),Ag+,Cd^(2+),Fe^(2+),and Pb^(2+).Because this nanosheet can be replaced with any secondary substrate and possibly patterned into a microscale size,the sensor can be integrated into multiple platforms such as portable devices or sensor nodes in a grid network.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (90104032) ,the National High-Tech Research andDevelopment Plan of China (2003AA1Z2090)
文摘In order to provide predictable runtime performante for text categorization （TC） systems, an innovative system design method is proposed for soft real time TC systems. An analyzable mathematical model is established to approximately describe the nonlinear and time-varying TC systems. According to this mathematical model, the feedback control theory is adopted to prove the system＇s stableness and zero steady state error. The experiments result shows that the error of deadline satisfied ratio in the system is kept within 4 of the desired value. And the number of classifiers can be dynamically adjusted by the system itself to save the computa tion resources. The proposed methodology enables the theo retical analysis and evaluation to the TC systems, leading to a high-quality and low cost implementation approach.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30800235)the Youth Teacher Fund of Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20070248094)the Youth Teacher Funds of Shanghai Jiaotong University(No. 06DBX006)
文摘This artificial anal sphincter (AAS) is used to help patients who are in severe incontinence. It consists of two parts. The first part is taken outside with patients. The second is implanted in the bodies to provide independent evacuation for patients. It is powered through transcutaneous energy transmission by the first part. There are two sensors in the second part. One sensor measures the pressure in the cuff-clamp around the recta. The other measures the pressure of the recta. As soon as the pressure measured by the later reaches the threshold, a signal is sent out to patients through wireless communication to alarm patients preparing defecation. Patients can give a start signal to begin defecating after they are ready. And they can also give a signal to stop defecating like a healthy person. With the aids of the novel medical device, patients can defecate as a healthy person. The first generation of this AAS is presented.
文摘The existing scheduling algorithms cannot adequately support modern embedded real-time applications. An important challenge for future research is how to model and introduce control mechanisms to real-time systems to improve real-time performance, and to allow the system to adapt to changes in the environment, the workload, or to changes in the system architecture due to failures. In this paper, we pursue this goal by formulating and simulating new real-time scheduling models that enable us to easily analyse feedback scheduling with various constraints, overload and disturbance, and by designing a robust, adaptive scheduler that responds gracefully to overload with robust H∞ and feedback error learning control.
基金Project(SS2012AA041601)supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(81201150)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to restore force sensation to robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery(RMIS),design and performance evaluation of a miniature 6-axis force/torque sensor for force feedback is presented.Based on the resistive sensing method,a flexural-hinged Stewart platform is designed as the flexible structure,and a straightforward optimization method considering the force and sensitivity isotropy of the sensor is proposed to determine geometric parameters which are best suited for the given external loads.The accuracy of this method is preliminarily discussed by finite element methods(FEMs).The sensor prototype is fabricated with the development of the electronic system.Calibration and dynamic loading tests for this sensor prototype are carried out.The working ranges of this sensor prototype are 30 N and 300 N·mm,and resolutions are 0.08 N in radial directions,0.25 N in axial direction,and 2.4 N·mm in rotational directions.It also exhibits a good capability for a typical dynamic force sensing at a frequency close to the normal heart rate of an adult.The sensor is compatible with surgical instruments for force feedback in RMIS.
文摘To detect the improper sitting posture of a person sitting on a chair,a posture detection system using machine learning classification has been proposed in this work.The addressed problem correlates to the third Sustainable Development Goal(SDG),ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages,as specified by the World Health Organization(WHO).An improper sitting position can be fatal if one sits for a long time in the wrong position,and it can be dangerous for ulcers and lower spine discomfort.This novel study includes a practical implementation of a cushion consisting of a grid of 3×3 force-sensitive resistors(FSR)embedded to read the pressure of the person sitting on it.Additionally,the Body Mass Index(BMI)has been included to increase the resilience of the system across individual physical variances and to identify the incorrect postures(backward,front,left,and right-leaning)based on the five machine learning algorithms:ensemble boosted trees,ensemble bagged trees,ensemble subspace K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),ensemble subspace discriminant,and ensemble RUSBoosted trees.The proposed arrangement is novel as existing works have only provided simulations without practical implementation,whereas we have implemented the proposed design in Simulink.The results validate the proposed sensor placements,and the machine learning(ML)model reaches a maximum accuracy of 99.99%,which considerably outperforms the existing works.The proposed concept is valuable as it makes it easier for people in workplaces or even at individual household levels to work for long periods without suffering from severe harmful effects from poor posture.
