This study introduces a real-time data-driven battery management scheme designed to address uncertainties in load and generation forecasts,which are integral to an optimal energy storage control system.By expanding on...This study introduces a real-time data-driven battery management scheme designed to address uncertainties in load and generation forecasts,which are integral to an optimal energy storage control system.By expanding on an existing algorithm,this study resolves issues discovered during implementation and addresses previously overlooked concerns,resulting in significant enhancements in both performance and reliability.The refined real-time control scheme is integrated with a day-ahead optimization engine and forecast model,which is utilized for illustrative simulations to highlight its potential efficacy on a real site.Furthermore,a comprehensive comparison with the original formulation was conducted to cover all possible scenarios.This analysis validated the operational effectiveness of the scheme and provided a detailed evaluation of the improvements and expected behavior of the control system.Incorrect or improper adjustments to mitigate forecast uncertainties can result in suboptimal energy management,significant financial losses and penalties,and potential contract violations.The revised algorithm optimizes the operation of the battery system in real time and safeguards its state of health by limiting the charging/discharging cycles and enforcing adherence to contractual agreements.These advancements yield a reliable and efficient real-time correction algorithm for optimal site management,designed as an independent white box that can be integrated with any day-ahead optimization control system.展开更多
To address the impact of wind-power fluctuations on the stability of power systems,we propose a comprehensive approach that integrates multiple strategies and methods to enhance the efficiency and reliability of a sys...To address the impact of wind-power fluctuations on the stability of power systems,we propose a comprehensive approach that integrates multiple strategies and methods to enhance the efficiency and reliability of a system.First,we employ a strategy that restricts long-and short-term power output deviations to smoothen wind power fluctuations in real time.Second,we adopt the sliding window instantaneous complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(SW-ICEEMDAN)strategy to achieve real-time decomposition of the energy storage power,facilitating internal power distribution within the hybrid energy storage system.Finally,we introduce a rule-based multi-fuzzy control strategy for the secondary adjustment of the initial power allocation commands for different energy storage components.Through simulation validation,we demonstrate that the proposed comprehensive control strategy can smoothen wind power fluctuations in real time and decompose energy storage power.Compared with traditional empirical mode decomposition(EMD),ensemble empirical mode decomposition(EEMD),and complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(CEEMDAN)decomposition strategies,the configuration of the energy storage system under the SW-ICEEMDAN control strategy is more optimal.Additionally,the state-of-charge of energy storage components fluctuates within a reasonable range,enhancing the stability of the power system and ensuring the secure operation of the energy storage system.展开更多
Flood control operation,a non-engineering measure,can efficiently manage flood disasters within a river basin.However,numerous uncertainties exit in the real-time operation of flood control systems,creating risks in d...Flood control operation,a non-engineering measure,can efficiently manage flood disasters within a river basin.However,numerous uncertainties exit in the real-time operation of flood control systems,creating risks in decision-making.As an efficient tool to mitigate these risks,risk management has garnered increasing attention in real-time flood control operation.This communication offers a series of suggestions for future research concerning risk management in real-time flood control operation,including risk assessment,risk diagnosis,and risk control methods.展开更多
Software Defined Network(SDN)has been developed rapidly in technology and popularized in application due to its efficiency and flexibility in network management.In multi-controller SDN architecture,the Controller Plac...Software Defined Network(SDN)has been developed rapidly in technology and popularized in application due to its efficiency and flexibility in network management.In multi-controller SDN architecture,the Controller Placement Problem(CPP)must be solved carefully as it directly affects the whole network performance.This paper proposes a Multi-objective Greedy Optimized K-means Algorithm(MGOKA)to solve this problem to optimize worst-case and average delay between switches and controllers as well as synchronization delay and load balance among controllers for Wide Area Networks(WAN).MGOKA combines the process of network partition based on the K-means algorithm with cluster fusion based on the greedy algorithm and designs a normalization strategy to convert a multi-objective into a single-objective optimization problem.The simulation results depict that in different network scales with different numbers of controllers,the relative optimization rate of our proposed algorithm compared with K-means,K-means++,and GOKA can reach up to 101.5%,109.9%,and 79.8%,respectively.Moreover,the error rate between MGOKA and the global optimal solution is always less than 4%.展开更多
Modeling technology has been introduced into software testing field. However, how to carry through the testing modeling effectively is still a difficulty. Based on combination of simulation modeling technology and emb...Modeling technology has been introduced into software testing field. However, how to carry through the testing modeling effectively is still a difficulty. Based on combination of simulation modeling technology and embedded real-time software testing method, the process of simulation testing modeling is studied first. And then, the supporting environment of simulation testing modeling is put forward. Furthermore, an approach of embedded real-time software simulation testing modeling including modeling of cross-linked equipments of system under testing （SUT）, test case, testing scheduling, and testing system service is brought forward. Finally, the formalized description and execution system of testing models are given, with which we can realize real-time, closed loop, mad automated system testing for embedded real-time software.展开更多
The reliability of real-time embedded software directly determines the reliability of the whole real-time embedded sys- tem, and the effective software testing is an important way to ensure software quality and reliab...The reliability of real-time embedded software directly determines the reliability of the whole real-time embedded sys- tem, and the effective software testing is an important way to ensure software quality and reliability. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of real-time embedded software, the formal method is introduced into the real-time embedded software testing field and the real-time extended finite state machine （RT-EFSM） model is studied firstly. Then, the time zone division method of real-time embedded system is presented and the definition and description methods of time-constrained transition equivalence class （timeCTEC） are presented. Furthermore, the approaches of the testing sequence and test case generation are put forward. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a typical avionics real- time embedded software testing practice and the examples of the timeCTEC, testing sequences and test cases are given. With the analysis of the testing result, the application verification shows that the proposed method can effectively describe the real-time embedded software state transition characteristics and real-time requirements and play the advantages of the formal methods in accuracy, effectiveness and the automation supporting. Combined with the testing platform, the real-time, closed loop and automated simulation testing for real-time embedded software can be realized effectively.展开更多
The real-time software system for production process supervision is a inte-gral system,including on-line function subsystem for supervision and off-line auxiliarysubsystem for development and diagnosis.This paper intr...The real-time software system for production process supervision is a inte-gral system,including on-line function subsystem for supervision and off-line auxiliarysubsystem for development and diagnosis.This paper introduces a real-time software sys-tem which has been used in a power station for monitoring a large capacity thermal gener-ating unit.The subsystems,environment,performance and development of the system areexplained,and the common problems about real-time software system are described.展开更多
Software product lines have recently been presented as one of the best promis-ing improvements for the efficient software development. Different research works contribute supportive parameters and negotiations regardi...Software product lines have recently been presented as one of the best promis-ing improvements for the efficient software development. Different research works contribute supportive parameters and negotiations regarding the prob-lems of producing a perfect software scheme. Traditional approaches or recy-cling software are not effective to solve the problems concerning software competence. Since fast developments with software engineering in the past few years, studies show that some approaches are getting extensive attention in both industries and universities. This method is categorized as the software product line improvement;that supports reusing of software in big organizations. Different industries are adopting product lines to enhance efficiency and reduce operational expenses by way of emerging product developments. This research paper is formed to offer in-depth study regarding the software engineering issues such as complexity, conformity, changeability, invisibility, time constraints, budget constraints, and security. We have conducted various research surveys by visiting different professional software development organizations and took feedback from the professional software engineers to analyze the real-time problems that they are facing during the development process of software systems. Survey results proved that complexity is a most occurring issue that most software developers face while developing software applications. Moreover, invisibility is the problem that rarely happens according to the survey.展开更多
Software defined optical networking(SDON)is a critical technology for the next generation network with the advantages of programmable control and etc.As one of the key issues of SDON,the security of control plane has ...Software defined optical networking(SDON)is a critical technology for the next generation network with the advantages of programmable control and etc.As one of the key issues of SDON,the security of control plane has also received extensive attention,especially in certain network scenarios with high security requirement.Due to the existence of vulnerabilities and heavy overhead,the existing firewalls and distributed control technologies cannot solve the control plane security problem well.In this paper,we propose a distributed control architecture for SDON using the blockchain technique(BlockCtrl).The proposed BlockCtrl model introduces the advantages of blockchain into SDON to achieve a high-efficiency fault tolerant control.We have evaluated the performance of our proposed architecture and compared it to the existing models with respect to various metrics including processing rate,recovery latency and etc.The numerical results show that the BlockCtrl is capable of attacks detection and fault tolerant control in SDON with high performance on resource utilization and service correlation.展开更多
Offshore waters provide resources for human beings,while on the other hand,threaten them because of marine disasters.Ocean stations are part of offshore observation networks,and the quality of their data is of great s...Offshore waters provide resources for human beings,while on the other hand,threaten them because of marine disasters.Ocean stations are part of offshore observation networks,and the quality of their data is of great significance for exploiting and protecting the ocean.We used hourly mean wave height,temperature,and pressure real-time observation data taken in the Xiaomaidao station(in Qingdao,China)from June 1,2017,to May 31,2018,to explore the data quality using eight quality control methods,and to discriminate the most effective method for Xiaomaidao station.After using the eight quality control methods,the percentages of the mean wave height,temperature,and pressure data that passed the tests were 89.6%,88.3%,and 98.6%,respectively.With the marine disaster(wave alarm report)data,the values failed in the test mainly due to the influence of aging observation equipment and missing data transmissions.The mean wave height is often affected by dynamic marine disasters,so the continuity test method is not effective.The correlation test with other related parameters would be more useful for the mean wave height.展开更多
With the rapid development of software technology, software vulnerability has become a major threat to computer security. The timely detection and repair of potential vulnerabilities in software, are of great signific...With the rapid development of software technology, software vulnerability has become a major threat to computer security. The timely detection and repair of potential vulnerabilities in software, are of great significance in reducing system crashes and maintaining system security and integrity. This paper focuses on detecting three common types of vulnerabilities: Unused_Variable, Use_of_Uninitialized_Variable, and Use_After_ Free. We propose a method for software vulnerability detection based on an improved control flow graph(ICFG) and several predicates of vulnerability properties for each type of vulnerability. We also define a set of grammar rules for analyzing and deriving the three mentioned types of vulnerabilities, and design three vulnerability detection algorithms to guide the process of vulnerability detection. In addition, we conduct cases studies of the three mentioned types of vulnerabilities with real vulnerability program segments from Common Weakness Enumeration(CWE). The results of the studies show that the proposed method can detect the vulnerability in the tested program segments. Finally, we conduct manual analysis and experiments on detecting the three types of vulnerability program segments(30 examples for each type) from CWE, to compare the vulnerability detection effectiveness of the proposed method with that of the existing detection tool Cpp Check. The results show that the proposed method performs better. In summary, the method proposed in this paper has certain feasibility and effectiveness in detecting the three mentioned types of vulnerabilities, and it will also have guiding significance for the detection of other common vulnerabilities.展开更多
A bench-scale reactor（72 L） red with domestic sewage, was operated more than 3 months with three operation modes： traditional mode, modified mode and real-time control mode, so as to evaluate effects of the operati...A bench-scale reactor（72 L） red with domestic sewage, was operated more than 3 months with three operation modes： traditional mode, modified mode and real-time control mode, so as to evaluate effects of the operation mode on the system performance and to develop a feasible control strategy. Results obtained from fixed-time control study indicate that the variations of the pH and oxidation-reduction potential（ORP） profiles can represent dynamic characteristics of system and the cycle sequences can be controlled and optimized by the control points on the pH and ORP profiles. A control strategy was, therefore, developed and applied to real-time control mode. Compared with traditional mode, the total nitrogen（TN） removal can be increased by approximately 16% in modified mode and a mean TN removal of 92% was achieved in real-time control mode. Moreover, approximately 12.5% aeration energy was saved in real- time control mode. The result of this study shows that the performance of nitrogen removal was enhanced in modified operation mode. Moreover, the real-time control made it possible to optimize process operation and save aeration energy.展开更多
Pyropia haitanensis is an economically important mariculture crop in China and has a high research value for several life phenomena, for example environmental tolerance. To explore the mechanisms underlying these char...Pyropia haitanensis is an economically important mariculture crop in China and has a high research value for several life phenomena, for example environmental tolerance. To explore the mechanisms underlying these characteristics, gene expression has been investigated at the whole transcriptome level. Gene expression studies using quantitative real-time PCR should start by selecting an appropriate internal control gene; therefore, the absolute expression abundance of six housekeeping genes （18S rRNA （18S）, ubiquitin-conju-ating enzyme （UBC）, actin （ACT）, β-tubulin （TUB）, elongation factors 2 （EF2）, and glyceraldehyde-3-phos- phate dehydrogenase （GAPDH） examined by the quantitative real-time PCR in samples corresponding to different strains, life-cycle stages and abiotic stress treatments. Their expression stabilities were assessed by the comparative cycle threshold （Ct） method and by two different software packages： geNorm and NormFinder. The most stable housekeeping gene is UBC and the least stable housekeeping is GADPH. Thus, it is proposed that the most appropriate internal control gene for expression analyses in P. haitanensis is UBC. The results pave the way for further gene expression analyses of different aspects of P. haitanensis biology including different strains, life-history stages and abiotic stress responses.展开更多
Tuned liquid damper (TLD) and tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) are two types of passive control devices that are widely used in structural control. In this study, a real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) technique is emp...Tuned liquid damper (TLD) and tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) are two types of passive control devices that are widely used in structural control. In this study, a real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) technique is employed to investigate the diff erence in control performance between TLD and TLCD. A series of RTHSs is presented with the premise of the same liquid length, mass ratio, and structural parameters. Herein, TLD and TLCD are physically experimented, and controlled structures are numerically simulated. Then, parametric studies are performed to further evaluate the diff erent performance between TLD and TLCD. Experimental results demonstrate that TLD is more eff ective than TLCD under diff erent amplitude excitations.展开更多
To develop technically feasible and economically favorable dynamic process control(DPC)strategies for an alternating activated sludge(AAS)system,a bench-scale continuous-flow alternating aerobic and anoxic reactor,per...To develop technically feasible and economically favorable dynamic process control(DPC)strategies for an alternating activated sludge(AAS)system,a bench-scale continuous-flow alternating aerobic and anoxic reactor,performing short-cut nitrogen removal from real domestic wastewater was operated under different control strategies for more than five months.A fixed-time control(FTC) study showed that bending-points on pH and oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)profiles accurately coincided with the major biologic...展开更多
A method of combining dynamic simulation with real-time control was proposed to fit the randomness and uncertainty in the high arch dam construction process. The mathematical logic model of high arch dam construction ...A method of combining dynamic simulation with real-time control was proposed to fit the randomness and uncertainty in the high arch dam construction process. The mathematical logic model of high arch dam construction process was established. By combining dynamic construction simulation with schedule analysis, the process of construction schedule forecasting and analysis based on dynamic simulation was studied. The process of real-time schedule control was constructed and some measures for dynamic adjustment and control of construction schedule were provided. A system developed with the method is utilized in a being constructed hydroelectric project located at the Yellow River in northwest China, which can make the pouring plan of the dam in the next stage (a month, quarter or year) to guide the practical construction. The application result shows that the system provides an effective technical support for the construction and management of the dam.展开更多
This paper presents a real-time energy optimization algorithm for a hybrid electric vehicle(HEV)that operates with adaptive cruise control(ACC).Real-time energy optimization is an essential ssue such that the HEV powe...This paper presents a real-time energy optimization algorithm for a hybrid electric vehicle(HEV)that operates with adaptive cruise control(ACC).Real-time energy optimization is an essential ssue such that the HEV powertrain system is as efficient as possible.With connected vehice technique,ACC system shows considerable potential of high energy eficiency.Combining a classical ACC algorithm,a two-level cooperative control scheme is constructed to realize real-time power distribution for the host HEV that operates in a vehicle platoon.The proposed control strategy actually provides a solution for an optimal control problem with multi objectives in terms of string stable of vehicle platoon and energy consumption minimization of the individual following vehicle.The string stability and the real-time optimization performance of the cooperative control system are confirmed by simulations with respect to several operating scenarios.展开更多
The previous operation of the ZLS-Burris gravity meter using a PDA already provides a significant improvement of the operation of a metal spring gravity meter. But in the practical field work the observer usually wish...The previous operation of the ZLS-Burris gravity meter using a PDA already provides a significant improvement of the operation of a metal spring gravity meter. But in the practical field work the observer usually wishes more information about the measurement and the collected data. This situation sug- gested an improvement of the software and computer hardware. The goal was to develop a small useful PC tool that eliminates these deficits. However, it resulted in a very extensive application software, which was developed during 2011-2015. Along the way, some unwanted effects of the original control circuit were detected. Therefore as a last step a complete new control circuit for the feedback system was developed. This new circuit is fast and smooth and without resonance effects to the system. The algorithm parameters can be specifically adapted to the specific gravity meter. The software has a security system that ensures the user, depending on his level of knowledge, a limited access to the software options. Furthermore, a customer project management system is integrated. The observer, the gravity meters, the projects and maps can be assigned. Several ZLS Burris gravity meters can be managed. A large station data management is integrated. Every station has up to more than twenty parameters, such as the mandatory coordinates or supplementary pictures of the station. External storage and documentation of the measurements are possible with extra modules. In addition the maintenance of the gravity meter system is significantly improved. The motor control of the early ZLS Burris gravity meter is also improved. The complete rotation is displayed on the screen. Finally, two survey examples show the advantages of the software related to the accuracy and the time needed for a measurement.展开更多
A new method that designs and implements the component-based distributed & hierarchical flexible manufacturing control software is described with a component concept in this paper. The proposed method takes aim at...A new method that designs and implements the component-based distributed & hierarchical flexible manufacturing control software is described with a component concept in this paper. The proposed method takes aim at improving the flexibility and reliability of the control system. On the basis of describing the concepts of component-based software and the distributed object technology, the architecture of the component-based software of the control system is suggested with the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). And then, we propose a design method for component-based distributed & hierarchical flexible manufacturing control system. Finally, to verify the software design method, a prototype flexible manufacturing control system software has been implemented in Orbix 2.3c, VC + + 6. 0 and has been tested in connection with the physical flexible manufacturing shop at the WuXi Professional Institute.展开更多
Real-time hybrid simulation is an attractive method to evaluate the response of structures under earthquake loads. The method is a variation of the pseudodynamic testing technique in which the experiment is executed i...Real-time hybrid simulation is an attractive method to evaluate the response of structures under earthquake loads. The method is a variation of the pseudodynamic testing technique in which the experiment is executed in real time, thus allowing investigation of structural systems with rate-dependent components. Real-time hybrid simulation is challenging because it requires performance of all calculations, application of displacements, and acquisition of measured forces, within a very small increment of time. Furthermore, unless appropriate compensation for actuator dynamics is implemented, stability problems are likely to occur during the experiment. This paper presents an approach for real-time hybrid simulation in which compensation for actuator dynamics is implemented using a model-based feedforward compensator. The method is used to evaluate the response of a semi-active control of a structure employing an MR damper. Experimental results show good agreement with the predicted responses, demonstrating the effectiveness of the method for structural control performance assessment.展开更多
基金supported by the Israeli Ministry of Infrastructure,Energy and Water Resources.
文摘This study introduces a real-time data-driven battery management scheme designed to address uncertainties in load and generation forecasts,which are integral to an optimal energy storage control system.By expanding on an existing algorithm,this study resolves issues discovered during implementation and addresses previously overlooked concerns,resulting in significant enhancements in both performance and reliability.The refined real-time control scheme is integrated with a day-ahead optimization engine and forecast model,which is utilized for illustrative simulations to highlight its potential efficacy on a real site.Furthermore,a comprehensive comparison with the original formulation was conducted to cover all possible scenarios.This analysis validated the operational effectiveness of the scheme and provided a detailed evaluation of the improvements and expected behavior of the control system.Incorrect or improper adjustments to mitigate forecast uncertainties can result in suboptimal energy management,significant financial losses and penalties,and potential contract violations.The revised algorithm optimizes the operation of the battery system in real time and safeguards its state of health by limiting the charging/discharging cycles and enforcing adherence to contractual agreements.These advancements yield a reliable and efficient real-time correction algorithm for optimal site management,designed as an independent white box that can be integrated with any day-ahead optimization control system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51677058)。
文摘To address the impact of wind-power fluctuations on the stability of power systems,we propose a comprehensive approach that integrates multiple strategies and methods to enhance the efficiency and reliability of a system.First,we employ a strategy that restricts long-and short-term power output deviations to smoothen wind power fluctuations in real time.Second,we adopt the sliding window instantaneous complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(SW-ICEEMDAN)strategy to achieve real-time decomposition of the energy storage power,facilitating internal power distribution within the hybrid energy storage system.Finally,we introduce a rule-based multi-fuzzy control strategy for the secondary adjustment of the initial power allocation commands for different energy storage components.Through simulation validation,we demonstrate that the proposed comprehensive control strategy can smoothen wind power fluctuations in real time and decompose energy storage power.Compared with traditional empirical mode decomposition(EMD),ensemble empirical mode decomposition(EEMD),and complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise(CEEMDAN)decomposition strategies,the configuration of the energy storage system under the SW-ICEEMDAN control strategy is more optimal.Additionally,the state-of-charge of energy storage components fluctuates within a reasonable range,enhancing the stability of the power system and ensuring the secure operation of the energy storage system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51909062)the National Key R&D Program(Grant No.2022YFC3202801).
文摘Flood control operation,a non-engineering measure,can efficiently manage flood disasters within a river basin.However,numerous uncertainties exit in the real-time operation of flood control systems,creating risks in decision-making.As an efficient tool to mitigate these risks,risk management has garnered increasing attention in real-time flood control operation.This communication offers a series of suggestions for future research concerning risk management in real-time flood control operation,including risk assessment,risk diagnosis,and risk control methods.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62102241)。
文摘Software Defined Network(SDN)has been developed rapidly in technology and popularized in application due to its efficiency and flexibility in network management.In multi-controller SDN architecture,the Controller Placement Problem(CPP)must be solved carefully as it directly affects the whole network performance.This paper proposes a Multi-objective Greedy Optimized K-means Algorithm(MGOKA)to solve this problem to optimize worst-case and average delay between switches and controllers as well as synchronization delay and load balance among controllers for Wide Area Networks(WAN).MGOKA combines the process of network partition based on the K-means algorithm with cluster fusion based on the greedy algorithm and designs a normalization strategy to convert a multi-objective into a single-objective optimization problem.The simulation results depict that in different network scales with different numbers of controllers,the relative optimization rate of our proposed algorithm compared with K-means,K-means++,and GOKA can reach up to 101.5%,109.9%,and 79.8%,respectively.Moreover,the error rate between MGOKA and the global optimal solution is always less than 4%.
文摘Modeling technology has been introduced into software testing field. However, how to carry through the testing modeling effectively is still a difficulty. Based on combination of simulation modeling technology and embedded real-time software testing method, the process of simulation testing modeling is studied first. And then, the supporting environment of simulation testing modeling is put forward. Furthermore, an approach of embedded real-time software simulation testing modeling including modeling of cross-linked equipments of system under testing （SUT）, test case, testing scheduling, and testing system service is brought forward. Finally, the formalized description and execution system of testing models are given, with which we can realize real-time, closed loop, mad automated system testing for embedded real-time software.
基金supported by the Aviation Science Foundation of China
文摘The reliability of real-time embedded software directly determines the reliability of the whole real-time embedded sys- tem, and the effective software testing is an important way to ensure software quality and reliability. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of real-time embedded software, the formal method is introduced into the real-time embedded software testing field and the real-time extended finite state machine （RT-EFSM） model is studied firstly. Then, the time zone division method of real-time embedded system is presented and the definition and description methods of time-constrained transition equivalence class （timeCTEC） are presented. Furthermore, the approaches of the testing sequence and test case generation are put forward. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a typical avionics real- time embedded software testing practice and the examples of the timeCTEC, testing sequences and test cases are given. With the analysis of the testing result, the application verification shows that the proposed method can effectively describe the real-time embedded software state transition characteristics and real-time requirements and play the advantages of the formal methods in accuracy, effectiveness and the automation supporting. Combined with the testing platform, the real-time, closed loop and automated simulation testing for real-time embedded software can be realized effectively.
文摘The real-time software system for production process supervision is a inte-gral system,including on-line function subsystem for supervision and off-line auxiliarysubsystem for development and diagnosis.This paper introduces a real-time software sys-tem which has been used in a power station for monitoring a large capacity thermal gener-ating unit.The subsystems,environment,performance and development of the system areexplained,and the common problems about real-time software system are described.
文摘Software product lines have recently been presented as one of the best promis-ing improvements for the efficient software development. Different research works contribute supportive parameters and negotiations regarding the prob-lems of producing a perfect software scheme. Traditional approaches or recy-cling software are not effective to solve the problems concerning software competence. Since fast developments with software engineering in the past few years, studies show that some approaches are getting extensive attention in both industries and universities. This method is categorized as the software product line improvement;that supports reusing of software in big organizations. Different industries are adopting product lines to enhance efficiency and reduce operational expenses by way of emerging product developments. This research paper is formed to offer in-depth study regarding the software engineering issues such as complexity, conformity, changeability, invisibility, time constraints, budget constraints, and security. We have conducted various research surveys by visiting different professional software development organizations and took feedback from the professional software engineers to analyze the real-time problems that they are facing during the development process of software systems. Survey results proved that complexity is a most occurring issue that most software developers face while developing software applications. Moreover, invisibility is the problem that rarely happens according to the survey.
基金supported in part by NSFC project(61871056)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2018QNRC001)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2018XKJC06)Open Fund of SKL of IPOC(BUPT)(IPOC2018A001)
文摘Software defined optical networking(SDON)is a critical technology for the next generation network with the advantages of programmable control and etc.As one of the key issues of SDON,the security of control plane has also received extensive attention,especially in certain network scenarios with high security requirement.Due to the existence of vulnerabilities and heavy overhead,the existing firewalls and distributed control technologies cannot solve the control plane security problem well.In this paper,we propose a distributed control architecture for SDON using the blockchain technique(BlockCtrl).The proposed BlockCtrl model introduces the advantages of blockchain into SDON to achieve a high-efficiency fault tolerant control.We have evaluated the performance of our proposed architecture and compared it to the existing models with respect to various metrics including processing rate,recovery latency and etc.The numerical results show that the BlockCtrl is capable of attacks detection and fault tolerant control in SDON with high performance on resource utilization and service correlation.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2016YFC1402000,2018YFC1407003,2017YFC1405300)
文摘Offshore waters provide resources for human beings,while on the other hand,threaten them because of marine disasters.Ocean stations are part of offshore observation networks,and the quality of their data is of great significance for exploiting and protecting the ocean.We used hourly mean wave height,temperature,and pressure real-time observation data taken in the Xiaomaidao station(in Qingdao,China)from June 1,2017,to May 31,2018,to explore the data quality using eight quality control methods,and to discriminate the most effective method for Xiaomaidao station.After using the eight quality control methods,the percentages of the mean wave height,temperature,and pressure data that passed the tests were 89.6%,88.3%,and 98.6%,respectively.With the marine disaster(wave alarm report)data,the values failed in the test mainly due to the influence of aging observation equipment and missing data transmissions.The mean wave height is often affected by dynamic marine disasters,so the continuity test method is not effective.The correlation test with other related parameters would be more useful for the mean wave height.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61202110 and 61502205)the Project of Jiangsu Provincial Six Talent Peaks(XYDXXJS-016)
文摘With the rapid development of software technology, software vulnerability has become a major threat to computer security. The timely detection and repair of potential vulnerabilities in software, are of great significance in reducing system crashes and maintaining system security and integrity. This paper focuses on detecting three common types of vulnerabilities: Unused_Variable, Use_of_Uninitialized_Variable, and Use_After_ Free. We propose a method for software vulnerability detection based on an improved control flow graph(ICFG) and several predicates of vulnerability properties for each type of vulnerability. We also define a set of grammar rules for analyzing and deriving the three mentioned types of vulnerabilities, and design three vulnerability detection algorithms to guide the process of vulnerability detection. In addition, we conduct cases studies of the three mentioned types of vulnerabilities with real vulnerability program segments from Common Weakness Enumeration(CWE). The results of the studies show that the proposed method can detect the vulnerability in the tested program segments. Finally, we conduct manual analysis and experiments on detecting the three types of vulnerability program segments(30 examples for each type) from CWE, to compare the vulnerability detection effectiveness of the proposed method with that of the existing detection tool Cpp Check. The results show that the proposed method performs better. In summary, the method proposed in this paper has certain feasibility and effectiveness in detecting the three mentioned types of vulnerabilities, and it will also have guiding significance for the detection of other common vulnerabilities.
基金The Project of Beijing Science and Technology Committee (No.020620010120) ,the Hi_Tech Research and Development Program(863) of China (No.2004AA601020) ,the Project under Key International Cooperative Programs of NSFC(No.50521140075) and the Project of Key Laboratory of Beiing
文摘A bench-scale reactor（72 L） red with domestic sewage, was operated more than 3 months with three operation modes： traditional mode, modified mode and real-time control mode, so as to evaluate effects of the operation mode on the system performance and to develop a feasible control strategy. Results obtained from fixed-time control study indicate that the variations of the pH and oxidation-reduction potential（ORP） profiles can represent dynamic characteristics of system and the cycle sequences can be controlled and optimized by the control points on the pH and ORP profiles. A control strategy was, therefore, developed and applied to real-time control mode. Compared with traditional mode, the total nitrogen（TN） removal can be increased by approximately 16% in modified mode and a mean TN removal of 92% was achieved in real-time control mode. Moreover, approximately 12.5% aeration energy was saved in real- time control mode. The result of this study shows that the performance of nitrogen removal was enhanced in modified operation mode. Moreover, the real-time control made it possible to optimize process operation and save aeration energy.
基金The National High Technology Research&Development Program of China under contract No.2012AA10A411the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41176151 and 41276177
文摘Pyropia haitanensis is an economically important mariculture crop in China and has a high research value for several life phenomena, for example environmental tolerance. To explore the mechanisms underlying these characteristics, gene expression has been investigated at the whole transcriptome level. Gene expression studies using quantitative real-time PCR should start by selecting an appropriate internal control gene; therefore, the absolute expression abundance of six housekeeping genes （18S rRNA （18S）, ubiquitin-conju-ating enzyme （UBC）, actin （ACT）, β-tubulin （TUB）, elongation factors 2 （EF2）, and glyceraldehyde-3-phos- phate dehydrogenase （GAPDH） examined by the quantitative real-time PCR in samples corresponding to different strains, life-cycle stages and abiotic stress treatments. Their expression stabilities were assessed by the comparative cycle threshold （Ct） method and by two different software packages： geNorm and NormFinder. The most stable housekeeping gene is UBC and the least stable housekeeping is GADPH. Thus, it is proposed that the most appropriate internal control gene for expression analyses in P. haitanensis is UBC. The results pave the way for further gene expression analyses of different aspects of P. haitanensis biology including different strains, life-history stages and abiotic stress responses.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.51725901 and 51639006
文摘Tuned liquid damper (TLD) and tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) are two types of passive control devices that are widely used in structural control. In this study, a real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) technique is employed to investigate the diff erence in control performance between TLD and TLCD. A series of RTHSs is presented with the premise of the same liquid length, mass ratio, and structural parameters. Herein, TLD and TLCD are physically experimented, and controlled structures are numerically simulated. Then, parametric studies are performed to further evaluate the diff erent performance between TLD and TLCD. Experimental results demonstrate that TLD is more eff ective than TLCD under diff erent amplitude excitations.
文摘To develop technically feasible and economically favorable dynamic process control(DPC)strategies for an alternating activated sludge(AAS)system,a bench-scale continuous-flow alternating aerobic and anoxic reactor,performing short-cut nitrogen removal from real domestic wastewater was operated under different control strategies for more than five months.A fixed-time control(FTC) study showed that bending-points on pH and oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)profiles accurately coincided with the major biologic...
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50539120)National Basic Research Program of China("973"Program,No. 2007 CB714101)+1 种基金National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.50525927)National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(No.50579045)
文摘A method of combining dynamic simulation with real-time control was proposed to fit the randomness and uncertainty in the high arch dam construction process. The mathematical logic model of high arch dam construction process was established. By combining dynamic construction simulation with schedule analysis, the process of construction schedule forecasting and analysis based on dynamic simulation was studied. The process of real-time schedule control was constructed and some measures for dynamic adjustment and control of construction schedule were provided. A system developed with the method is utilized in a being constructed hydroelectric project located at the Yellow River in northwest China, which can make the pouring plan of the dam in the next stage (a month, quarter or year) to guide the practical construction. The application result shows that the system provides an effective technical support for the construction and management of the dam.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(NNSF)of China(No.61973053).
文摘This paper presents a real-time energy optimization algorithm for a hybrid electric vehicle(HEV)that operates with adaptive cruise control(ACC).Real-time energy optimization is an essential ssue such that the HEV powertrain system is as efficient as possible.With connected vehice technique,ACC system shows considerable potential of high energy eficiency.Combining a classical ACC algorithm,a two-level cooperative control scheme is constructed to realize real-time power distribution for the host HEV that operates in a vehicle platoon.The proposed control strategy actually provides a solution for an optimal control problem with multi objectives in terms of string stable of vehicle platoon and energy consumption minimization of the individual following vehicle.The string stability and the real-time optimization performance of the cooperative control system are confirmed by simulations with respect to several operating scenarios.
文摘The previous operation of the ZLS-Burris gravity meter using a PDA already provides a significant improvement of the operation of a metal spring gravity meter. But in the practical field work the observer usually wishes more information about the measurement and the collected data. This situation sug- gested an improvement of the software and computer hardware. The goal was to develop a small useful PC tool that eliminates these deficits. However, it resulted in a very extensive application software, which was developed during 2011-2015. Along the way, some unwanted effects of the original control circuit were detected. Therefore as a last step a complete new control circuit for the feedback system was developed. This new circuit is fast and smooth and without resonance effects to the system. The algorithm parameters can be specifically adapted to the specific gravity meter. The software has a security system that ensures the user, depending on his level of knowledge, a limited access to the software options. Furthermore, a customer project management system is integrated. The observer, the gravity meters, the projects and maps can be assigned. Several ZLS Burris gravity meters can be managed. A large station data management is integrated. Every station has up to more than twenty parameters, such as the mandatory coordinates or supplementary pictures of the station. External storage and documentation of the measurements are possible with extra modules. In addition the maintenance of the gravity meter system is significantly improved. The motor control of the early ZLS Burris gravity meter is also improved. The complete rotation is displayed on the screen. Finally, two survey examples show the advantages of the software related to the accuracy and the time needed for a measurement.
基金Supported by National High Technology Development plan(Item No.:2001AA412250)and Shanghai Science & Technology Development Project(Item No.:02FK04)
文摘A new method that designs and implements the component-based distributed & hierarchical flexible manufacturing control software is described with a component concept in this paper. The proposed method takes aim at improving the flexibility and reliability of the control system. On the basis of describing the concepts of component-based software and the distributed object technology, the architecture of the component-based software of the control system is suggested with the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). And then, we propose a design method for component-based distributed & hierarchical flexible manufacturing control system. Finally, to verify the software design method, a prototype flexible manufacturing control system software has been implemented in Orbix 2.3c, VC + + 6. 0 and has been tested in connection with the physical flexible manufacturing shop at the WuXi Professional Institute.
基金National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship
文摘Real-time hybrid simulation is an attractive method to evaluate the response of structures under earthquake loads. The method is a variation of the pseudodynamic testing technique in which the experiment is executed in real time, thus allowing investigation of structural systems with rate-dependent components. Real-time hybrid simulation is challenging because it requires performance of all calculations, application of displacements, and acquisition of measured forces, within a very small increment of time. Furthermore, unless appropriate compensation for actuator dynamics is implemented, stability problems are likely to occur during the experiment. This paper presents an approach for real-time hybrid simulation in which compensation for actuator dynamics is implemented using a model-based feedforward compensator. The method is used to evaluate the response of a semi-active control of a structure employing an MR damper. Experimental results show good agreement with the predicted responses, demonstrating the effectiveness of the method for structural control performance assessment.
